John Williamson Nevin: These ideas, expressed in the Mercersburg Review, which he cofounded and edited from 1849 to 1853, were the foundation of the Mercersburg theology, a philosophy also influenced by F.A. Rauch (1806–41) and Philip Schaff (1819–93).

Philip Schaff: The so-called Mercersburg Theology, formulated by Schaff and his theological colleague John W. Nevin (1803–86), implemented some of the themes and principles elucidated in his speech at Mercersburg and generated equal controversy. It resisted revivalist theology, which stressed the life of the individual, in favour of an…

economics: Definition: …prices—not only the prices of goods and services but the prices of the resources used to produce them. This involves the discovery of two key elements: what governs the way in which human labour, machines, and land are combined in production and how buyers and sellers are brought together in…

marketing: Brokers and agents: Manufacturers may use brokers and agents, who do not take title possession of the goods, in marketing their products. Brokers and agents typically perform only a few of the marketing flows, and their main function is to ease buying and selling—that is, to bring…

international payment and exchange: The current account: …taken to using the expression “merchandise balance,” which unmistakably refers to trade in goods and excludes services and other occasions of international payment.

marketing: Brokers and agents: Manufacturers may use brokers and agents, who do not take title possession of the goods, in marketing their products. Brokers and agents typically perform only a few of the marketing flows, and their main function is to ease buying and selling—that is,…

insurance: Merchandise credit insurance: Credit insurance for domestic buyers and sellers is available in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and most European countries. It is sold only to manufacturers, wholesalers, and certain service agencies, not to retailers. The insurance is designed to enable the seller to…

Merchandise Mart, landmark building in downtown Chicago, one of the largest commercial buildings in the world and the largest wholesale design centre. Encompassing some 4,200,000 square feet (390,000 square metres) of floor space, the Merchandise Mart spans two city blocks along the Chicago River,

Merchandise Mart: Building and artwork: …to be known as the Merchandise Mart Hall of Fame. Resting on white pedestals along the Chicago River and facing north toward the gold front door of the building are busts of Frank Winfield Woolworth, Marshall Field, Aaron Montgomery Ward, Julius Rosenwald and Robert E. Wood (both associated with Sears,…

marketing, the sum of activities involved in directing the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers. For a discussion of how words, images, and associations are used to represent and distinguish a product or service in the marketplace, see brand marketing. Marketing’s principal

marketing: Merchandising conglomerates: Merchandising conglomerates combine several diversified retailing lines and forms under central ownership, as well as integrate distribution and management of functions. Merchandising conglomerates are relatively free-form corporations.

Merchant Adventurers, company of English merchants who engaged in trade with the Netherlands (and later with northwest Germany) from the early 15th century to 1806. The company, chartered in 1407, principally engaged in the export of finished cloth from the burgeoning English woolen industry. Its

warship: World War II: …were called MAC ships, or merchant aircraft carriers.

Merchant and Ivory, producer-director team known for their richly textured cinematography and ability to evoke brilliant performances from some of the world’s finest actors. Producer Ismail (Noormohamed) Merchant (b. December 25, 1936, Bombay [now Mumbai], India—d. May 25, 2005, London, England)

investment bank, firm that originates, underwrites, and distributes new security issues of corporations and government agencies. Unlike a savings bank, an investment bank is a commercial bank that does not accept deposits. The investment (or merchant) banking house operates by purchasing all of the

bank: Early banking: In Europe so-called “merchant bankers” paralleled the development of banking by offering, for a consideration, to assist merchants in making distant payments, using bills of exchange instead of actual coin. The merchant banking business arose from the fact that many merchants traded internationally, holding assets at different points…

merchant guild, a European medieval association composed of traders interested in international commerce. The privileged fraternity formed by the merchants of Tiel in Gelderland (in present-day Netherlands) about 1020 is the first undoubted precursor of the merchant guilds, and the statutes of a

merchant marine, the commercial ships of a nation, whether privately or publicly owned. The term merchant marine also denotes the personnel that operate such ships, as distinct from the personnel of naval vessels. Merchant ships are used to transport people, raw materials, and manufactured goods.

merchant marine, the commercial ships of a nation, whether privately or publicly owned. The term merchant marine also denotes the personnel that operate such ships, as distinct from the personnel of naval vessels. Merchant ships are used to transport people, raw materials, and manufactured goods.

The Merchant of Venice, comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1596–97 and printed in a quarto edition in 1600 from an authorial manuscript or copy of one. Bassanio, a noble but penniless Venetian, asks his wealthy merchant friend Antonio for a loan so that Bassanio can undertake

ocean liner: …the two principal types of merchant ship as classified by operating method; the other is the tramp steamer. A liner operates on a regular schedule of designated ports, carrying whatever cargo and passengers are available on the date of sailing. The first liners were operated in the North Atlantic, notably…

Plimsoll line: …the British Parliament, in the Merchant Shipping Act of 1875, provided for the marking of a load line on the hull of every cargo ship, indicating the maximum depth to which the ship could be safely loaded. Application of the law to foreign ships leaving British ports led to general…

ship: International conventions: …position of British ships, the Merchant Shipping Act of 1890 required all foreign ships leaving British ports to comply with the load-line regulations. This led to the adoption of load-line rules by most maritime countries, and the International Load Line Convention of 1930 was ratified by 54 nations. The new…

David Lloyd George: Early life: …responsible for important legislation: the Merchant Shipping Act (1906), improving seamen’s living conditions, but also endangering their lives by raising the Plimsoll line on newly constructed ships; the Patents and Designs Act (1907), preventing foreign exploitation of British inventions; and the Port of London Act (1908), setting up the Port…

Merchant Taylors’ School, one of the major public (privately endowed) schools in England. Since 1933 it has been located at Sandy Lodge, at the northwestern extreme of London. The school was founded (1561) by the Merchant Taylors’ Company of London, an incorporated group of craftsmen tailors. It

marketing: Wholesalers: …into one of three groups: merchant wholesalers, brokers and agents, and manufacturers’ and retailers’ branches and offices.

Western architecture: United States: …was the architect of the Merchants’ Exchange, Philadelphia (1832–34), which featured a soaring lantern reminiscent of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens. Mills built many government buildings in Washington, D.C., including the Treasury (1836–42) and the Patent Office (begun 1836). He also designed the Washington Monument in Baltimore (1815–29),…

Louis Sullivan: Later work of Louis Sullivan: …design is that of the Merchants’ National Bank in Grinnell, Iowa (1914). Like the Owatonna bank, it has a relatively austere form, relieved by imaginative, intricate ornament. The facade is embellished with a spectacular decorative frame for the circular window above the entrance. Sullivan’s last commission was the facade for…

The Merchant’s Tale, one of the 24 stories in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. The story draws on a folktale of familiar theme, that of an old man whose young wife is unfaithful. Old Januarie is deceived by his young wife, May, and her lover, Damyan, after Januarie suddenly goes blind. The

Ricky Gervais: …hosted a program and met Stephen Merchant, who became a frequent collaborator. During the 1990s Gervais contributed comedy sketches to the BBC TV shows Bruiser and Golden Years, in which he also appeared. He began a regular role on the The 11 O’Clock Show and in 2000 briefly hosted his…

Royal Bank of Canada, Canadian commercial banking company with foreign subsidiaries and affiliates. Headquarters are in Montreal. The bank was incorporated as the Merchants Bank of Halifax in 1869 and adopted the present name in 1901. Between 1903 and 1983, the bank went through a number of

Marcel Paul Pagnol: …Les Marchands de gloire (1925; The Merchants of Glory), written with Paul Nivoix, opened to high critical praise. Because of its unpopular subject matter, war profiteering, the play did not have wide appeal and closed after a few performances. Undaunted, Pagnol finally in 1926 had a hit with Jazz, which…

Merchants Staplers, company of English merchants who controlled the export of English wool from the late 13th century through the 16th century. English wool exports were concentrated in one town, which was called the staple, in order to minimize the problems of collecting export duties. The

American Express Company, American financial corporation that primarily issues credit cards, processes payments, and provides travel-related services worldwide. Headquarters are in New York. The original company was founded on March 18, 1850, through the consolidation of three companies active in

Locmariaquer: Behind it is the Merchants’ Table, composed of three carved slabs and 17 supporting stones. Pop. (1999) 1,367; (2014 est.) 1,566.

manorialism: Western Europe: …certain degrading incidents, such as marchet (merchetum), a payment due to the lord upon the marriage of a daughter, which was regarded as a special mark of unfree condition. But there were certain limitations. First, all these incidents of tenure, even marchet, might not affect the personal status of the…

Claudius Florimund, count von Mercy was an Austrian field marshal and military governor of the Banat of Temesvár, one of the ablest commanders during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) and the Turkish wars of 1716–18. Mercy entered the Austrian army in 1682, and distinguished himself in

Franz, baron von Mercy was an Austrian and Bavarian field marshal during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48), whose defense of Bavaria made him one of the most successful imperial commanders of his time. Mercy entered the Austrian army around 1606. Wounded in the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631), he made

Mercia, (from Old English Merce, “People of the Marches [or Boundaries]”), one of the most powerful kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England. It held a position of dominance for much of the period from the mid-7th to the early 9th century despite struggles for power within the ruling dynasty. Mercia

Old English language: …northern England and southeastern Scotland; Mercian in central England; Kentish in southeastern England; and West Saxon in southern and southwestern England. Mercian and Northumbrian are often classed together as the Anglian dialects. Most extant Old English writings are in the West Saxon dialect; the first great period of literary activity…

Aethelflaed was an Anglo-Saxon ruler of Mercia in England and the founder of Gloucester Abbey. The eldest child of King Alfred the Great, she helped her brother Edward the Elder, king of the West Saxons (reigned 899–924), in conquering the Danish armies occupying eastern England. Aethelflaed became

Désiré-Joseph Mercier was a Belgian educator, cardinal, and a leader in the 19th-century revival of the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. Mercier was ordained in 1874 and taught philosophy at the seminary of Malines, Belg. (1877–82). In 1880 Pope Leo XIII requested that a program in Thomistic

Honoré Mercier was a statesman and champion of French-Canadian interests who served as the Liberal prime minister of Quebec from 1887 to 1891. While studying law in the early 1860s Mercier edited the Conservative newspaper Le Courrier de St. Hyacinthe and supported the Conservative administration

Jacques Lemercier was a French architect who, along with François Mansart and Louis Le Vau, shaped French architecture by introducing classical elements. Lemercier belonged to a famous family of builders. For several years between 1607 and 1614 he was in Rome, where he probably studied with Rosato

Louis-Sébastien Mercier was one of the first French writers of drame bourgeois (middle-class drama). In Du théâtre (1773; “About the Theatre”), he emphasized the didactic function of the theatre, and in his plays he presented a thesis, subordinating dramatic considerations to the didactic end. He

Joseph Highmore: …French Rococo artists, such as Philippe Mercier and Hubert Gravelot, who were established in London during the 1730s and 1740s. But their influence is traceable less in Highmore’s portraits than in his genre illustrations. In 1744 he painted a series of 12 illustrations for Samuel Richardson’s novel Pamela, which suggest…

Joseph Highmore: …French Rococo artists, such as Philippe Mercier and Hubert Gravelot, who were established in London during the 1730s and 1740s. But their influence is traceable less in Highmore’s portraits than in his genre illustrations. In 1744 he painted a series of 12 illustrations for Samuel Richardson’s novel Pamela, which suggest…

Mona Van Duyn: …A Time of Bees (1964), Merciful Disguises (1973), and Near Changes (1990), for which she was awarded the 1991 Pulitzer Prize for poetry. Firefall and If It Be Not I: Collected Poems 1959–1982 were published in 1993. From 1992 to 1993 Van Duyn served as poet laureate of the United…

United Kingdom: Political struggles and Richard’s deposition: In the Merciless Parliament of 1388 five lords accused the king’s friends of treason under an expansive definition of the crime.

Johann Heinrich Merck was a German writer and critic who provided valuable guidance to the young writers of the Sturm und Drang (“Storm and Stress”) movement of the late 18th century. After studying law at Giessen, Merck was appointed first a paymaster at Darmstadt and later an official in the war

Eddy Merckx is a Belgian champion bicycle racer, arguably the greatest professional rider ever. In a professional career stretching from 1965 to 1978, he recorded 445 victories in 1,585 races. During his peak years (1969–75), he won some 35 percent of the races he entered. Because the focus of the

Eddy Merckx is a Belgian champion bicycle racer, arguably the greatest professional rider ever. In a professional career stretching from 1965 to 1978, he recorded 445 victories in 1,585 races. During his peak years (1969–75), he won some 35 percent of the races he entered. Because the focus of the

Philippe-Emmanuel de Lorraine, duke de Mercoeur was a prince who led the resistance in Brittany against King Henry IV of France when that monarch was trying to consolidate his kingdom. Philippe was the son of Nicolas de Lorraine, who became Duke de Mercoeur in 1569, and was a half brother to Louise

Mercosur, South American regional economic organization. Mercosur grew out of earlier efforts to integrate the economies of Latin America through the Latin American Free Trade Association (1960) and its successor, the Latin American Integration Association (1980). In 1985 Argentina and Brazil

Mercosur, South American regional economic organization. Mercosur grew out of earlier efforts to integrate the economies of Latin America through the Latin American Free Trade Association (1960) and its successor, the Latin American Integration Association (1980). In 1985 Argentina and Brazil

Melina Mercouri was a Greek actress and political activist who was the minister of culture in her country’s first socialist government (1981). Mercouri came from a politically prominent family. She graduated from the Drama School of the National Theatre of Greece. Her first major role, at the age

Melina Mercouri was a Greek actress and political activist who was the minister of culture in her country’s first socialist government (1981). Mercouri came from a politically prominent family. She graduated from the Drama School of the National Theatre of Greece. Her first major role, at the age

Ovide Mercredi is a First Nations leader who served as national chief of the Assembly of First Nations in Canada from 1991 to 1997. Mercredi, who is of Cree descent, lived outside the Grand Rapids reserve of the Misipawistik Cree Nation, in central Manitoba, because his mother had been stripped of

Western sculpture: France: The little marble Mercure (1741) of Jean-Baptiste Pigalle is almost wholly Berninian, except in its intimacy and deliberate unpretentiousness; even in Pigalle’s most ambitious undertakings, the relative scale of the figures is much reduced and the whole composition opened up, in contrast to Bernini’s tombs. Nevertheless, the narrative…

magazine: …Mercure Galant (1672; later renamed Mercure de France) in France. In the early 18th century, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele brought out The Tatler (1709–11; published three times weekly) and The Spectator (1711–12, 1714; published daily). These influential periodicals contained essays on matters political and

magazine: …Mercure Galant (1672; later renamed Mercure de France) in France. In the early 18th century, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele brought out The Tatler (1709–11; published three times weekly) and The Spectator (1711–12, 1714; published daily). These influential periodicals contained essays on matters political and

Carl F.W. Ludwig: …arteries and veins; and a mercurial blood-gas pump for the separation of gases from the blood, which led to an understanding of the role played by oxygen and other gases in the purification of blood.

mercury, (genus Mercurialis), genus of eight species of flowering plants of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). The plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and several have naturalized in the Americas and elsewhere. Mercury plants are slender annuals or perennials and can be herbaceous

mercury: Major species: Herb mercury, or annual mercury (Mercurialis annua), grows as a weed in cultivated areas and shaded woods. Dog’s mercury (M. perennis), which is malodorous and poisonous to livestock, grows wild in European woodlands. Its leaves are the source of an unstable blue dye. Several former…

mercury: Major species: Dog’s mercury (M. perennis), which is malodorous and poisonous to livestock, grows wild in European woodlands. Its leaves are the source of an unstable blue dye. Several former members of the genus are now placed in the monotypic genus Leidesia.

fungicide: Mercury(II) chloride, or corrosive sublimate, is sometimes used as a dip to treat bulbs and tubers; it is highly toxic to humans. Strobilurin compounds are used in industrial agriculture to kill various types of mildews, molds, and rusts. Other substances occasionally used to kill fungi include chloropicrin,

mercury: Principal compounds: Mercury(II) oxide, HgO, provides elemental mercury for the preparation of various organic mercury compounds and certain inorganic mercury salts. This red or yellow crystalline solid is also used as an electrode (mixed with graphite) in zinc-mercuric oxide electric cells and in mercury batteries. Mercury(II) sulfide,…

battery: Zinc–mercuric oxide battery: This is an alkaline-electrolyte battery system. In earlier times it was used in the form of button-sized cells for hearing aids and watches. Its energy density (watt-hours per cubic centimetre) is approximately four times greater than that of the alkaline zinc–manganese dioxide…

mercury: Principal compounds: …(mixed with graphite) in zinc-mercuric oxide electric cells and in mercury batteries. Mercury(II) sulfide, HgS, is a black or red crystalline solid used chiefly as a pigment in paints, rubber, and plastics.

Latin American literature: Plays: …best of the latter is El Mercurio galante (“The Gallant Mercury”), an operetta performed in 1720 between the acts of Afectos vencen finezas (“Feelings Conquer Finery”). A spoof of the courting devices of Spaniards from different kingdoms, El Mercurio galante was Peralta’s rejoinder to the tales of Spanish suitors and…

John II was the pope from 533 to 535. He was the first pontiff to change his original name, which he considered pagan, assuming the name of the martyred St. John (523–526). John’s pontificate opposed Nestorianism, the heresy that separated the divine and human natures of Christ and denied the

Mercury, in Roman religion, god of shopkeepers and merchants, travelers and transporters of goods, and thieves and tricksters. He is commonly identified with the Greek Hermes, the fleet-footed messenger of the gods. The cult of Mercury is ancient, and tradition has it that his temple on the

history of publishing: Medieval Europe: The Mercurius Gallobelgicus (1588–1638) was among the earliest of a number of periodical summaries of the news that began to appear in Europe in the late 16th century. Newspaper names like Mercury, Herald, and Express have always been popular, suggesting the immediacy or freshness of the…

merbromin, antiseptic used to prevent infection in small cuts and abrasions. Commonly marketed as Mercurochrome, merbromin was the first of a series of antiseptics that contained mercury, a chemical element that disinfects by disrupting the metabolism of a microorganism. Merbromin stains

calomel (Hg2Cl2), a very heavy, soft, white, odourless, and tasteless halide mineral formed by the alteration of other mercury minerals, such as cinnabar or amalgams. Calomel is found together with native mercury, cinnabar, calcite, limonite, and clay at Moschellandsberg, Germany; Zimapán, Mexico;

Mercury, the innermost planet of the solar system and the eighth in size and mass. Its closeness to the Sun and its smallness make it the most elusive of the planets visible to the unaided eye. Because its rising or setting is always within about two hours of the Sun’s, it is never observable when

Ford Motor Company: 1920s–1930s: New models and continued global expansion: …1938 Ford introduced the first Mercury, a mid-priced car positioned between standard Ford models and the higher-end Lincoln line.

Mercury, any of the first series of crewed spaceflights conducted by the United States (1961–63). The series began with a suborbital flight about three weeks after the Soviet cosmonaut Yury Gagarin became the first human in space (see Vostok). Alan B. Shepard, Jr., rode a Mercury space capsule

goosefoot: Good King Henry, or mercury goosefoot (Blitum bonus-henricus, formerly C. bonus-henricus), is a deep-rooted perennial with several stems and edible spinach-like leaves. Feather geranium, or Jerusalem oak goosefoot (Dysphania botrys, formerly C. botrys), has many clusters of small flowers and is occasionally cultivated in gardens.

mercury, (genus Mercurialis), genus of eight species of flowering plants of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). The plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and several have naturalized in the Americas and elsewhere. Mercury plants are slender annuals or perennials and can be herbaceous

mercury (Hg), chemical element, liquid metal of Group 12 (IIb, or zinc group) of the periodic table. atomic number80 atomic weight200.592 melting point−38.83 °C (−37.89 °F) boiling point356.62 °C (673.91 °F) specific gravity13.5 at 20 °C (68 °F) valence1, 2 electron configuration2-8-18-32-18-2 or

Mercury, in Roman religion, god of shopkeepers and merchants, travelers and transporters of goods, and thieves and tricksters. He is commonly identified with the Greek Hermes, the fleet-footed messenger of the gods. The cult of Mercury is ancient, and tradition has it that his temple on the

Giambologna: In his fountain Mercury (c. 1580; Bargello, Florence) Giambologna uses the shimmering play of light on the figure’s smooth surface to enhance the effect of fleetness. His bronze equestrian portrait of Cosimo I de’ Medici (1587–94; Piazza della Signoria, Florence) is also notable.

Jean-Baptiste Pigalle: …famous work is the statue Mercury Attaching His Wings (1744), a classicizing work conveying qualities of both graceful ease and youthful vitality.

mercury barometer, device used to measure atmospheric pressure with a column of mercury. The mercury barometer is the oldest type of barometer, having been invented in 1643–44 by the Italian physicist and mathematician Evangelista Torricelli. In its simplest form, it comprises a narrow glass tube

chemical industry: Commercial preparation: The chlor-alkali industry—in which chlorine and caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) are produced simultaneously by electrolytic decomposition of salt (sodium chloride)—has become the principal source of chlorine during the 20th century. As noted earlier, in the two important versions of the electrolytic process, brine is the electrolyte…

chemical industry: Commercial preparation: …the chlor-alkali process, the so-called mercury cell is employed. The cathode in such a cell is a shallow layer of mercury flowing across the bottom of the vessel; graphite anodes extend down into the brine electrolyte. A powerful direct current is caused to pass between the graphite rods and the…

fungicide: Mercury(II) chloride, or corrosive sublimate, is sometimes used as a dip to treat bulbs and tubers; it is highly toxic to humans. Strobilurin compounds are used in industrial agriculture to kill various types of mildews, molds, and rusts. Other substances occasionally used to kill fungi include chloropicrin,

computer: Bigger brains: …a device—a tube, called a delay line, containing water and ethylene glycol—for effecting a predictable delay in information transmission. Eckert had already built and experimented in 1943 with such a delay line (using mercury) in conjunction with radar research, and sometime in 1944 he hit upon the new idea of…

mercury lamp, electric discharge lamp (q.v.) in which light is emitted by electrically excited atoms of vapourized

Sting: Solo career: ” He released Mercury Falling in 1996 and had a big hit with Brand New Day in 1999, especially with the album’s title song and “Desert Rose,” which featured Algerian rai singer Cheb Mami. That album also went triple platinum and in 1999 won the Grammys for best…

explosive: Blasting caps: …90–10 and 80–20 mixtures of mercury fulminate and potassium chlorate for the pure fulminate. This did not affect the performance materially and provided a substantial economy. Mercury fulminate is an example of an explosive that can be both primary and secondary. In its more compressed form it is a high…

semiconductor device: Semiconductor materials: …different columns, as, for instance, mercury indium telluride (HgIn2Te4), a II-III-VI compound. They also can be formed by elements from two columns, such as aluminum gallium arsenide (AlxGa1 − xAs), which is a ternary III-V compound, where both Al and Ga are from column III and the subscript x is…

mercury lamp, electric discharge lamp (q.v.) in which light is emitted by electrically excited atoms of vapourized

mercury: Principal compounds: Mercury(II) oxide, HgO, provides elemental mercury for the preparation of various organic mercury compounds and certain inorganic mercury salts. This red or yellow crystalline solid is also used as an electrode (mixed with graphite) in zinc-mercuric oxide electric cells and in mercury batteries. Mercury(II) sulfide,…

mercury poisoning, harmful effects of various mercury compounds on body tissues and functions. Certain modern industrial and biological processes concentrate mercury compounds to dangerous levels. Mercury is used on a substantial scale in numerous industries, such as the manufacture of chemicals,

mercury processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products. Mercury (Hg) has a unique combination of physical properties. Its low melting point (−38.87 °C [−38 °F]) and boiling point (356.9 °C [674 °F]), high specific gravity (13.5 grams per cubic centimetre), uniform volume expansion

electromagnetism: Development of electromagnetic technology: The mercury pump, invented in 1865, provided an adequate vacuum, and a satisfactory carbon filament was developed independently by the English physicist Sir Joseph Wilson Swan and the American inventor Thomas Edison during the late 1870s. By 1880 both had applied for patents for their incandescent…

Philips: The postwar years: Expansion in the home consumer and media markets: …the Philips record label, acquired Mercury Records in 1960, and continued to invest in record labels such as Deutsche Grammophon, Decca, and Motown through its PolyGram subsidiary (sold in 1998). Philips was much less successful in entering the computer business. By the time the company released its P-1000 mainframe system…

Alec Baldwin: Stardom: Beetlejuice, The Hunt for Red October, and The Aviator: …thriller written by Mamet; and Mercury Rising (1998), in which he starred opposite Bruce Willis. In 2004 Baldwin received an Academy Award nomination for his performance as a casino owner in the dark comedy The Cooler (2003). Later that year he had a supporting role in Martin Scorsese’s The Aviator,…