Jean Tinguely: …kinetic sculptures, which he termed métaméchaniques, or metamechanicals. These were robotlike contraptions constructed of wire and sheet metal, the constituent parts of which moved or spun at varying speeds. Further innovations on Tinguely’s part in the mid- and late 1950s led to a series of sculptures entitled “Machines à peindre”…

Jean Tinguely: …kinetic sculptures, which he termed métaméchaniques, or metamechanicals. These were robotlike contraptions constructed of wire and sheet metal, the constituent parts of which moved or spun at varying speeds. Further innovations on Tinguely’s part in the mid- and late 1950s led to a series of sculptures entitled “Machines à peindre”…

Jean Tinguely: …kinetic sculptures, which he termed métaméchaniques, or metamechanicals. These were robotlike contraptions constructed of wire and sheet metal, the constituent parts of which moved or spun at varying speeds. Further innovations on Tinguely’s part in the mid- and late 1950s led to a series of sculptures entitled “Machines à peindre”…

human behaviour: Cognition: …processes—knowledge that has been labeled metamemory. For example, research has found no age differences regarding subjects’ assessments of the relative reliability of visual and verbal memory, regarding the use of memory strategies (e.g., reminder notes), or regarding memory monitoring (e.g., prediction of the number of items that would be recalled…

somite: The term somite is also used more generally to refer to a body segment, or metamere, of a segmented animal.

segmentation, in zoology, the condition of being constructed of a linear series of repeating parts, each being a metamere (body segment, or somite) and each being formed in sequence in the embryo, from anterior to posterior. All members of three large animal phyla are metameric: Annelida,

segmentation, in zoology, the condition of being constructed of a linear series of repeating parts, each being a metamere (body segment, or somite) and each being formed in sequence in the embryo, from anterior to posterior. All members of three large animal phyla are metameric: Annelida,

colour: Colour effects: Because of this effect, called metamerism, it is always necessary to follow precisely the illumination and viewing conditions specified when comparing a sample colour with one in a colour atlas.

industrial glass: From the solid state: …and the latter type are metamict solids. Some glass fragments gathered from the surface of the Moon may be examples of diaplectic glass formed by meteoroid impacts. Examples of metamict solids are minerals that contain natural high-energy particle radioactivity.

metamorphic rock: Metamorphic facies: Metamorphic petrologists studying contact metamorphism early in the 20th century introduced the idea of metamorphic facies (part of a rock or group of rocks that differs from the whole formation) to correlate metamorphic events. The concept was first defined in 1914 by a…

metamorphic rock: Regional metamorphism: (Metamorphic grades refer to the degree and intensity of the metamorphism: they are determined by the pressure and temperatures to which the rock has been subjected.) Such areas are generally referred to as metamorphic core complexes. Metamorphism in these complexes may or may not be…

geology: Metamorphic petrology: Metamorphism means change in form. In geology the term is used to refer to a solid-state recrystallization of earlier igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. There are two main types of metamorphism: (1) contact metamorphism, in which changes induced largely by increase in temperature…

metamorphic rock, any of a class of rocks that result from the alteration of preexisting rocks in response to changing environmental conditions, such as variations in temperature, pressure, and mechanical stress, and the addition or subtraction of chemical components. The preexisting rocks may be

metamorphism, mineralogical and structural adjustments of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions differing from those under which the rocks originally formed. Changes produced by surface conditions such as compaction are usually excluded. The most important agents of metamorphism include

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Return to Weimar and the French Revolution (1788–94): …of the principles of botany, Versuch, die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären (“Essay in Elucidation of the Metamorphosis of Plants”; Eng. trans. in Goethe’s Botany), an attempt to show that all plant forms are determined by a process of alternating expansion and contraction of a basic unit, the leaf. He…

The Golden Ass, prose narrative of the 2nd century ce by Lucius Apuleius, who called it Metamorphoses. In all probability Apuleius used material from a lost Metamorphoses by Lucius of Patrae, which is cited by some as the source for an extant Greek work on a similar theme, the brief Lucius, or the

Metamorphoses, poem in 15 books, written in Latin about 8 ce by Ovid. It is written in hexameter verse. The work is a collection of mythological and legendary stories, many taken from Greek sources, in which transformation (metamorphosis) plays a role, however minor. The stories, which are

metamorphosis, in biology, striking change of form or structure in an individual after hatching or birth. Hormones called molting and juvenile hormones, which are not species specific, apparently regulate the changes. These physical changes as well as those involving growth and differentiation are

Maria Sibylla Merian: In 1705 she published Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium (“The Metamorphosis of the Insects of Suriname”). Arguably the most important work of her career, it included some 60 engravings illustrating the different stages of development that she had observed in Suriname’s insects. Similar to her caterpillar book, Metamorphosis depicted the insects…

English literature: Other poetic styles: …tendency culminating in John Marston’s The Metamorphosis of Pigmalion’s Image (1598), a poem that has shocked tender sensibilities. Inevitably, the shift of attitude had an effect on style: for Marlowe the experience of translating (inaccurately) Ovid’s Amores meant a gain for Hero and Leander in terms of urbanity and, more…

As Franz Kafka lay troubled and restless one night, he found himself in his bed struck by an idea for a disturbing story. Over the next few weeks he would develop that idea into The Metamorphosis. The novella, first published in German as Die Verwandlung in 1915, became one of the most celebrated

Monica Mason: …new productions, triple-billed as “Metamorphosis: Titian 2012,” were based on the Greek myth of Artemis (or Diana [Roman]) and Actaeon, as recounted in the 1st century ce by Ovid in his Metamorphoses and as depicted in a series of 16th-century paintings by Titian. In recognition of her

nephridium: The metanephridium tubule lacks a flame cell and opens directly into the body cavity. Cilia lining the tubule draw up cavity fluids and conduct them to the exterior; tubule cells actively reabsorb useful nutrients as they pass. Analogous structures, the renette and the lateral canal are…

metanephros, permanent kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals, developing by the 10th week in human embryos from the lower part of the Wolffian duct, and replacing the embryonic structure called the mesonephros. It consists of a compact, paired organ containing many nephrons; a ureter separate from

Japanese philosophy: Modern and contemporary Japanese philosophy: …developed the theory of “metanoia” (zange)—repentance or change of heart. Because no intellectual system can ever be universal or absolute, he argued, every responsible philosophy contains a metanoetic dynamic that serves to undermine any tendency to treat it as such.

metaphase, in mitosis and meiosis, the stage of cell division characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes along the midline of the cell. Metaphase is preceded by prophase and is followed by anaphase. The mitotic spindle, which is widest at the middle of the cell and tapers toward its poles,

nitromersol, synthetic mercury-containing organic compound used as an antiseptic for the skin and mucous membranes and as a disinfectant for sterilizing surgical instruments. It is related to merbromin (Mercurochrome) and thimerosal (Merthiolate). Nitromersol disinfects by the action of the mercury

metaphor, figure of speech that implies comparison between two unlike entities, as distinguished from simile, an explicit comparison signalled by the words like or as. The distinction is not simple. A metaphor makes a qualitative leap from a reasonable, perhaps prosaic, comparison to an

Cynthia Ozick: …in Art & Ardor (1983), Metaphor & Memory (1989), Fame & Folly (1996), Quarrel & Quandary (2000), The Din in the Head (2006), and Critics, Monsters, Fanatics, and Other Literary Essays (2016).

dysplasia: Metaphyseal dysplasia is a very rare hereditary disorder in which the cortex of the shafts of long bones is thin and tends to fracture; affected persons may be otherwise healthy.

bone disease: Ionizing radiation injury to bone: Bone tissue and the metaphyseal growth cartilage (the cartilage between the end of the bone and the shaft that later becomes bone) may be injured during the course of radiation treatment of tumours. The risk of this injury cannot always be avoided. The most common radiation injury to bone…

Aristotle: The Academy: In his Metaphysics he argues that the theory fails to solve the problems it was meant to address. It does not confer intelligibility on particulars, because immutable and everlasting Forms cannot explain how particulars come into existence and undergo change. All the theory does, according to Aristotle,…

Arnold Geulincx: In his Metaphysica Vera (1691; “True Metaphysics”), he disappointed Cartesian expectations that a scientific mastery of matter, life, and mind will develop and instead emphasized man’s impotence before the transcendent Creator.

Immanuel Kant: Tutor and Privatdozent: Continet Monadologiam Physicam (1756; The Employment in Natural Philosophy of Metaphysics Combined with Geometry, of Which Sample I Contains the Physical Monadology)—also known as the Monodologia Physica—contrasted the Newtonian methods of thinking with those employed in the philosophy then prevailing in German universities. This was the philosophy of Gottfried…

audism: The idea of metaphysical audism, which is based on the concept that speech is fundamental to human identity, emerged in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with the work of American English professor Brenda Brueggemann and American professor of deaf studies H-Dirksen L. Bauman. Brueggemann identified the…

pragmatism: The Metaphysical Club: ” Pragmatism first received philosophical expression in the critical group discussions of the “Metaphysical Club” in the 1870s in Cambridge, Mass. In addition to Peirce and James, membership in the club included Chauncey Wright, F.E. Abbot, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. A version of…

conceit: The metaphysical conceit, associated with the Metaphysical poets of the 17th century, is a more intricate and intellectual device. It usually sets up an analogy between one entity’s spiritual qualities and an object in the physical world and sometimes controls the whole structure of the poem.…

Frank Bidart: The poems in Metaphysical Dog (2013) were preoccupied with sex and death. Half-light: Collected Poems 1965–2016 (2017) was awarded a Pulitzer Prize. Bidart’s 11th poetry collection, Against Silence, appeared in 2021. He also edited, with David Gewanter, the collected poems of Robert Lowell (2003).

Immanuel Kant: Last years of Immanuel Kant: …Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft (1786; Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science) by showing that it is possible to construct a priori not merely the general outline of a science of nature but a good many of its details as well. But judging from the extant fragments, however numerous they are, it…

José Clemente Orozco: Mature work and later years: Canvases such as Metaphysical Landscape (1948), however, hint at a growing mysticism, and its abstract style suggests that Orozco may have been on the brink of nonfigurative painting when he died.

Metaphysical painting, style of painting that flourished mainly between 1911 and 1920 in the works of the Italian artists Giorgio de Chirico and Carlo Carrà. These painters used representational but incongruous imagery to produce disquieting effects on the viewer. Their work strongly influenced the

Metaphysical poet, any of the poets in 17th-century England who inclined to the personal and intellectual complexity and concentration that is displayed in the poetry of John Donne, the chief of the Metaphysicals. Others include Henry Vaughan, Andrew Marvell, John Cleveland, and Abraham Cowley as

dissociation of sensibility: Eliot in the essay “The Metaphysical Poets” (1921) to explain the change that occurred in English poetry after the heyday of the Metaphysical poets.

realism: Metaphysical realism and objective truth: Although several realist disputes seem to turn on whether statements of a certain kind are capable of being objectively true, it is far from obvious what being objectively true amounts to. The question of what it is for a statement…

Hilary Putnam: Realism and meaning: …not verificationism or conventionalism but metaphysical relativism, a clear model of which was provided by the American philosopher of science Thomas S. Kuhn in his influential work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). According to Kuhn, different stages in the history of scientific thought are characterized by different scientific paradigms,…

metaphysics, branch of philosophy whose topics in antiquity and the Middle Ages were the first causes of things and the nature of being. In postmedieval philosophy, however, many other topics came to be included under the heading “metaphysics.” (The reasons for this development will be discussed in

Aristotle: The Academy: In his Metaphysics he argues that the theory fails to solve the problems it was meant to address. It does not confer intelligibility on particulars, because immutable and everlasting Forms cannot explain how particulars come into existence and undergo change. All the theory does, according to Aristotle,…

Immanuel Kant: The Critique of Practical Reason of Immanuel Kant: The earlier Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten (1785; Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals) is a shorter and, despite its title, more readily comprehensible treatment of the same general topic. Both differ from Die Metaphysik der Sitten (1797; The Metaphysics of Morals) in that they deal with…

deconstruction: Deconstruction in philosophy: …Derrida characterizes as the “metaphysics of presence.” This is the tendency to conceive fundamental philosophical concepts such as truth, reality, and being in terms of ideas such as presence, essence, identity, and origin—and in the process to ignore the crucial role of absence and difference.

Immanuel Kant: The Critique of Practical Reason of Immanuel Kant: Both differ from Die Metaphysik der Sitten (1797; The Metaphysics of Morals) in that they deal with pure ethics and try to elucidate basic principles; the later work, in contrast, is concerned with applying these principles in the concrete, a process that involved the consideration of virtues and…

bone: Bone morphology: This region (metaphysis) functions to transfer loads from weight-bearing joint surfaces to the diaphysis. Finally, at the end of a long bone is a region known as an epiphysis, which exhibits a cancellous internal structure and comprises the bony substructure of the joint surface. Prior to full…

Immanuel Kant: Last years of Immanuel Kant: …Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft (1786; Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science) by showing that it is possible to construct a priori not merely the general outline of a science of nature but a good many of its details as well. But judging from the extant fragments, however numerous they are, it…

plant, (kingdom Plantae), any multicellular eukaryotic life-form characterized by (1) photosynthetic nutrition (a characteristic possessed by all plants except some parasitic plants and underground orchids), in which chemical energy is produced from water, minerals, and carbon dioxide with the aid

metaplasia, in zoology, the conversion of one type of living cell or group of cells into another as a means of regeneration. For example, the damaged or removed lens of a salamander eye is replaced through the transformation of nearby pigmented iris cells into lens cells. The regeneration of brain

gastropod: The foot: …into a propodium and a metapodium, with the former capable of being reflexed over the shell. In Strombus the foot is greatly narrowed; in limpets and abalones it is broadly expanded and serves as an adhesive disk. In pelagic gastropods, especially the heteropods and pteropods, the foot is a swimming…

Metapontum, ancient Greek city in Italy on the Gulf of Tarentum, near the mouth of the Bradanus (Bradano) River. It was founded by an Achaean colony from Sybaris and Croton about 700 bc. Pythagoras died at Metapontum c. 500. The city declined after 207 when its inhabitants, who had supported

Metapontum, ancient Greek city in Italy on the Gulf of Tarentum, near the mouth of the Bradanus (Bradano) River. It was founded by an Achaean colony from Sybaris and Croton about 700 bc. Pythagoras died at Metapontum c. 500. The city declined after 207 when its inhabitants, who had supported

metapopulation, in ecology, a regional group of connected populations of a species. For a given species, each metapopulation is continually being modified by increases (births and immigrations) and decreases (deaths and emigrations) of individuals, as well as by the emergence and dissolution of

bioinformatics: The data of bioinformatics: Metagenomics and metaproteomics extend these measurements to a comprehensive description of the organisms in an environmental sample, such as in a bucket of ocean water or in a soil sample.

quartzite: …high temperatures and pressures are metaquartzites.

human eye: The transduction process: …of molecule represented by lumirhodopsin, metarhodopsins I and II, and so on.

capillary: …intermediate vessels called precapillaries, or metarterioles, that, unlike the capillaries, have muscle fibres that permit them to contract; thus the precapillaries are able to control the emptying and filling of the capillaries.

dawn redwood, (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), ancient conifer from central China, the only living species of its genus. The dawn redwood holds an interesting place in the history of paleobotany as one of the few living plants known first as a fossil—a true living fossil. Its fossilized foliage and

dawn redwood: …of the genus Metasequoia—such as M. occidentalis, dated to about 90 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous Period—are known throughout the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Climatic cooling and drying that began about 65.5 million years ago and continued throughout the Cenozoic Era caused the geographic…

inosilicate, any of a class of inorganic compounds that have structures characterized by silicate tetrahedrons (each of which consists of a central silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron) arranged in chains. Two of the oxygen atoms of each tetrahedron are

arachnid: External features: …mesosoma, or preabdomen, and the metasoma, or postabdomen, which is mobile and more slender. Similar arrangements are found among whip scorpions, schizomids, and ricinuleids. Among the daddy longlegs the division between the two parts is indistinct, and among most of the mites and ticks the body is rounded and shows…

metamorphism: …to decreasing temperature and pressure; metasomatism, the metamorphism that includes the addition or subtraction of components from the original assemblage; poly-metamorphism, the effect of more than one metamorphic event; and hydrothermal metamorphism, the changes that occur in the presence of water at high temperature and pressure which affect the resulting…

metasomatic replacement, the process of simultaneous solution and deposition whereby one mineral replaces another. It is an important process in the formation of epigenetic mineral deposits (those formed after the formation of the host rock), in the formation of high- and intermediate-temperature

metamorphism: …to decreasing temperature and pressure; metasomatism, the metamorphism that includes the addition or subtraction of components from the original assemblage; poly-metamorphism, the effect of more than one metamorphic event; and hydrothermal metamorphism, the changes that occur in the presence of water at high temperature and pressure which affect the resulting…

beard worm: Form and function: …trunk section is called the metasome. Each segment has its own coelom. The small protosome bears tentacles. The mesosome contains a structure known as a bridle, also called a frenulum, a pair of oblique cuticular ridges that extend backward to meet in the midventral line. The bridle supports the protruding…

mass spectrometry: Magnetic field analysis: …peak is known as a metastable peak. Generally, metastable peaks occur at nonintegral mass numbers, and, because there usually is a kinetic energy of separation during fragmentation of the polyatomic ion, they tend to be more diffuse than the normal mass peaks and thus are recognized easily. For any value…

metastable state, in physics and chemistry, particular excited state of an atom, nucleus, or other system that has a longer lifetime than the ordinary excited states and that generally has a shorter lifetime than the lowest, often stable, energy state, called the ground state. A metastable state

Pietro Metastasio was an Italian poet and the most celebrated librettist in Europe writing during the 18th century for the opera seria; his librettos were set more than 800 times. In 1708 his astonishing skill in verse improvisation attracted the attention of Gian Vincenzo Gravina, a man of letters

metastasis, migration and spread of cancerous cells from a tumour to distant sites in the body, resulting in the development of secondary tumours. Tumours that grow and spread aggressively in this manner are designated malignant, or cancerous. Left unchecked, they can spread throughout the body and

tick, (suborder Ixodida), any of about 825 species of invertebrates in the order Parasitiformes (subclass Acari). Ticks are important parasites of large wild and domestic animals and are also significant as carriers of serious diseases. Although no species is primarily a human parasite, some

lungworm, any of the parasitic worms of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea (phylum Nematoda) that infest the lungs and air passages of mammals, including dolphins and whales. Examples include those of the genus Metastrongylus that live in pigs and those of the genus Dictyocaulus that live in sheep

lungworm: …include those of the genus Metastrongylus that live in pigs and those of the genus Dictyocaulus that live in sheep and cattle. Many species of lungworms are of veterinary importance as well as of significance to human health. Members of the genus Angiostrongylus, for example, are known to be pathogenic…

metatarsal, any of several tubular bones between the ankle (tarsal) bones and each of the hindlimb digits, in land vertebrates corresponding to the metacarpal bones of the hand (forepaw). In humans the five metatarsal bones help form longitudinal arches along the inner and outer sides of the foot

metatarsalgia, persistent pain in the metatarsal region, or ball, of the foot. The condition arises when the weight of the body, while standing, is forced to rest on the centre of the anterior arch (on the heads of the central metatarsal bones) instead of on the inside and outside of the foot. The

joint disease: Degenerative joint disease: The first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, located between the big toe and the rest of the foot, naturally bears heavy loads and is a common site of osteoarthritis. Regular wearing of high-heeled shoes and repetitive microtrauma are associated with the development of osteoarthritis of the first MTP joint.…

tortilla: …a stone saddle quern, or metate. Small pieces of dough were patted by hand into thin disks, a task requiring considerable dexterity. The tortilla was then baked on a comal, a griddle of earthenware or iron. Today most tortillas are purchased at tortillerías, where the dough is mixed by machine,…

human nervous system: Thalamus: The metathalamus is composed of the medial and lateral geniculate bodies, or nuclei. Fibers of the optic nerve end in the lateral geniculate body, which consists of six cellular laminae, or layers, folded into a horseshoe configuration. Each lamina represents a complete map of the contralateral…

metatheory, a theory the subject matter of which is another theory. A finding proved in the former that deals with the latter is known as a metatheorem. The most notable example of a metatheory was provided by David Hilbert, a German mathematician, who in 1905 set out to construct an elementary

marsupial, any of more than 250 species belonging to the infraclass Metatheria (sometimes called Marsupialia), a mammalian group characterized by premature birth and continued development of the newborn while attached to the nipples on the mother’s lower belly. The pouch—or marsupium, from which

Yves Chauvin: …Chemistry in 2005 for developing metathesis, an important chemical reaction used in organic chemistry. Chauvin offered a detailed explanation of “how metatheses reactions function and what types of metal compound act as catalysts in the reactions.”

biblical literature: Problems visual in origin: Such metathesis, as it is called, appears in Psalms, in which qirbam (“their inward thoughts”) stands for qibram (“their grave”).

organometallic compound: Alkylidene ligands: …Schrock carbenes is the alkene metathesis reaction:

organometallic compound: Alkylidene ligands: …Schrock carbenes is the alkene metathesis reaction:

Lepidoptera: Thorax: The metathorax bears the third pair of legs and the pair of hind wings. In many moths the metathorax bears a pair of complex auditory organs (tympana). In some species these organs serve as receptors of the high-frequency echolocation signals emitted by hunting bats, allowing the…

Metatron, the greatest of angels in Jewish myths and legends. Metatron is not a figure of the Hebrew Bible, but his name appears briefly in several passages of the Talmud. His legends are predominantly found in mystical Kabbalistic texts. He is variously identified as the Prince (or Angel) of the

Metauro River, river, Marche region, central Italy, rising in the Etruscan Apennines (Appennino Tosco-Emiliano) and flowing for 68 mi (109 km) east-northeast into the Adriatic Sea just south of Fano. The lower valley of the river (the ancient Metaurus) was the scene of a great Roman victory over

Metauro River, river, Marche region, central Italy, rising in the Etruscan Apennines (Appennino Tosco-Emiliano) and flowing for 68 mi (109 km) east-northeast into the Adriatic Sea just south of Fano. The lower valley of the river (the ancient Metaurus) was the scene of a great Roman victory over

Hannibal: The wars in Spain and Africa: …army was defeated, however, at Metaurus in northern Italy (207) before the Carthaginian armies could effect a junction. Hasdrubal was killed in the battle, and his severed head was delivered to Hannibal’s camp; that reportedly led Hannibal to lament, “There lies the fate of Carthage.” His last hope of making…

metaverse, proposed network of immersive online worlds experienced typically through virtual reality or augmented reality in which users would interact with each other and purchase goods and services, some of which would exist only in the online world. Builders of metaverse technology consider it

brandy: Greek brandy includes Metaxa, sweetened and usually darkened with caramel, and ouzo, colourless and flavoured with anise or licorice. American brandy, produced mainly in California, tends to be neutral and uniform in character. Pisco, mainly produced in Peru, is distilled from muscat wines. Brandies distilled from grape pomace,…

fortification: Other fort series: …Germany; the Greeks built the Metaxas Line facing Bulgaria; and the Belgians erected a series of elaborate forts along the Albert Canal. German capture of the most elaborate and allegedly impregnable of the Belgian forts, Eben Emael, in a matter of hours in the first two days of the campaign…

Ioannis Metaxas was a general and statesman who was dictator of Greece from 1936 to 1941. After active service in the Greco-Turkish war of 1897, Metaxas completed his military training in Germany. He distinguished himself on the Greek general staff during the Balkan Wars (1912–13) and was appointed

Ioannis Metaxas was a general and statesman who was dictator of Greece from 1936 to 1941. After active service in the Greco-Turkish war of 1897, Metaxas completed his military training in Germany. He distinguished himself on the Greek general staff during the Balkan Wars (1912–13) and was appointed

Ioannis Metaxas was a general and statesman who was dictator of Greece from 1936 to 1941. After active service in the Greco-Turkish war of 1897, Metaxas completed his military training in Germany. He distinguished himself on the Greek general staff during the Balkan Wars (1912–13) and was appointed

fern: Annotated classification: …2 species (Metaxya rostrata and M. lanosa), of low elevations in the Neotropics, particularly the Amazonian region. Order Polypodiales (known as Filicales in some older literature) Suborder Lindsaeineae Family Lindsaeaceae