Detroit Lions: Matthew Stafford and Calvin Johnson: …team hired former NFL linebacker Matt Millen to serve as general manager, despite the fact that he had no previous front-office experience. Millen oversaw one of the most disastrous stretches for an NFL franchise of all time, as the Lions had a cumulative record of 31–84 during his tenure, and…

new religious movement: Apocalyptic and millenarian movements: Some NRMs are characterized by an apocalyptic or millenarian dimension—the belief that the end of the world is imminent and that a new heaven or new earth will replace the old one. There are apocalyptic strains in many world religions, but it is…

new religious movement: Apocalyptic and millenarian movements: Some NRMs are characterized by an apocalyptic or millenarian dimension—the belief that the end of the world is imminent and that a new heaven or new earth will replace the old one. There are apocalyptic strains in many world religions, but it is…

millennialism, the belief, expressed in the book of Revelation to John, the last book of the New Testament, that Christ will establish a 1,000-year reign of the saints on earth (the millennium) before the Last Judgment. More broadly defined, it is a cross-cultural concept grounded in the

Millenary Petition, moderate request for changes in certain practices within the Church of England, presented to King James I of England in April 1603 by Puritan ministers. It received its name from the claim by the authors that it had been signed by 1,000 (Latin millenarius, “of a thousand”)

millennial, term used to describe a person born between 1981 and 1996, though different sources can vary by a year or two. It was first used in the book Generations (1991) by William Strauss and Neil Howe, who felt it was an appropriate name for the first generation to reach adulthood in the new

Nepal: Federal republic: …a 2017 compact with the Millennial Challenge Corporation (MCC), a foreign assistance program established by the United States Congress in 2004. With the compact due to expire in February 2022 without ratification, parliament was under pressure to approve the agreement despite significant opposition domestically. After years in the fray between…

climate change: Millennial and multimillennial variation: The climatic changes of the past thousand years are superimposed upon variations and trends at both millennial timescales and greater. Numerous indicators from eastern North America and Europe show trends of increased cooling and increased effective moisture during the past 3,000…

climate change: Millennial and multimillennial variation: The climatic changes of the past thousand years are superimposed upon variations and trends at both millennial timescales and greater. Numerous indicators from eastern North America and Europe show trends of increased cooling and increased effective moisture during the past 3,000…

millennialism, the belief, expressed in the book of Revelation to John, the last book of the New Testament, that Christ will establish a 1,000-year reign of the saints on earth (the millennium) before the Last Judgment. More broadly defined, it is a cross-cultural concept grounded in the

millennium, a period of 1,000 years. The Gregorian calendar, put forth in 1582 and subsequently adopted by most countries, did not include a year 0 in the transition from bc (years before Christ) to ad (those since his birth). Thus, the 1st millennium is defined as spanning years 1–1000 and the 2nd

Crusades: The effects of religion: …years 1000 and 1033 (the millennium of the birth and Passion of Jesus, respectively), and others have emphasized the continuance of the idea throughout the 11th century and beyond. Moreover, in certain late 11th-century portrayals of the end of all things, the “last emperor,” now popularly identified with the “king…

Chris Carter: …created several other series, including Millennium (1996–99), in which a member of the mysterious Millennium Group investigated more earthly, yet still frightening, crimes and other weird phenomena supposedly arising as the world approached the new millennium.

London: Reconstruction after World War II: …through Docklands, and the innovative Millennium Bridge, designed for pedestrian traffic. Spanning the Thames to connect Tate Modern with the City at St. Paul’s Cathedral, the bridge opened briefly in 2000 but was closed when it swayed unexpectedly, prompting a series of engineering studies. It reopened in 2002 after modifications…

Y2K bug, a problem in the coding of computerized systems that was projected to create havoc in computers and computer networks around the world at the beginning of the year 2000 (in metric measurements, k stands for 1,000). After more than a year of international alarm, feverish preparations, and

Naperville: …and an amphitheatre; the 72-bell Millennium Carillon (dedicated 2000), one of the world’s largest such instruments, which includes a bell weighing six tons and spans a full six octaves; and the DuPage Children’s Museum. Inc. village, 1857; city, 1890. Pop. (2010) 141,853; Chicago-Joliet-Naperville Metro Division, 7,883,147; Chicago-Joliet-Naperville Metro Area, 9,461,105;…

Democratic Party of Korea (DP), centrist-liberal political party in South Korea. The party supports greater human rights, improved relations with North Korea, and an economic policy described as “new progressivism.” The party was founded by Kim Dae-Jung in 1995 as the National Congress for New

Millennium Dome, massive construction project and tourist attraction in Greenwich, London, England. It was initiated to house an exhibition for the approach of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium ce (the official start of which was January 1, 2001). The central structure is the largest dome in

ecosystem services: The United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), which evaluated the consequences of ecosystem change, concluded that humans have degraded the ability of Earth’s ecosystems to support social welfare. In response, ecosystem services analyses promote policy decisions that recognize the full range of benefits and costs associated with actions…

Caroline Atoll, coral formation in the Central and Southern Line Islands, part of Kiribati, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 450 miles (720 km) northwest of Tahiti. With a total area of 1.45 square miles (3.76 square km), it is made up of 20 islets that rise to 20 feet (6 metres) above mean

Budapest: Pest: …Park (Városliget), which contains the Millennium Monument. The monument consists of a semicircular pillared colonnade displaying statues of Hungarian kings and national leaders, with a statue of the archangel Gabriel surmounting a 118-foot-high central column. The Museum of Fine Arts, other museums, the Budapest Zoo, the renowned city circus, and…

Frank Gehry: Stardom and later works: …Pritzker Pavilion (2004) in Chicago’s Millennium Park; and the New World Center (2011) for the New World Symphony orchestral academy in Miami Beach, Florida. For his 2008 renovation of the Art Museum of Ontario in Toronto, Gehry retained the original building (1918) but removed an artistically unsuccessful entryway that had…

J.G. Ballard: …the plots of Super-Cannes (2000), Millennium People (2003), and Kingdom Come (2006), effectively exposing the foibles of his middle-class characters by documenting their reactions to the violence against a stark backdrop of shopping malls and office parks.

Millennium Problem, any of seven mathematical problems designated such by the Clay Mathematics Institute (CMI) of Cambridge, Mass., U.S., each of which has a million-dollar reward for its solution. CMI was founded in 1998 by American businessman Landon T. Clay “to increase and disseminate

Kew Gardens: …Seed Bank Project (later the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership) to mitigate the extinction of at-risk and useful plants through seed preservation. Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank is the largest wild plant seed bank in the world. By 2024 it contained about 16 percent of the world’s wild plant species, holding more…

Kew Gardens: …Seed Bank Project (later the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership) to mitigate the extinction of at-risk and useful plants through seed preservation. Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank is the largest wild plant seed bank in the world. By 2024 it contained about 16 percent of the world’s wild plant species, holding more…

London Eye, revolving observation wheel, or Ferris wheel, in London, on the South Bank of the River Thames in the borough of Lambeth. At an overall height of 443 feet (135 metres), the London Eye was the world’s tallest Ferris wheel from 1999, when it was built, until 2006, when it was surpassed by

Benjamin Millepied is a French dancer and choreographer who was a principal dancer (2002–11) with New York City Ballet (NYCB) and who later was the director of dance (2014–16) at the Paris Opéra Ballet. Millepied was the son of a decathlete and a dance teacher. He began his dance training in the

millepore, (Millepora), any of a genus of invertebrate marine animals comprising the order Milleporina (phylum Cnidaria). Millepores are common in shallow tropical seas to depths of 30 metres (about 100 feet). Unlike the true corals, which belong to the class Anthozoa, millepores are closely

millepore, (Millepora), any of a genus of invertebrate marine animals comprising the order Milleporina (phylum Cnidaria). Millepores are common in shallow tropical seas to depths of 30 metres (about 100 feet). Unlike the true corals, which belong to the class Anthozoa, millepores are closely

cnidarian: Support mechanisms and skeletons: Hydrocorals, which include the order Milleporina (millepores), commonly called fire coral, and the precious red coral used for jewelry, form encrusting or branching skeletons similar to those of anthozoan corals.

Artesia, city, Eddy county, southeastern New Mexico, U.S., near the Pecos River. It originated in 1890 as a stop (called Miller) on the old stagecoach route between Roswell and Carlsbad. As a livestock-shipping point on the Pecos Valley Southern Railway (completed 1894), it was known as Stegman.

owlet moth, (family Noctuidae), large worldwide group of more than 20,000 species of triangular, stout-bodied nocturnal lepidopterans. The family Noctuidae includes some of the world’s largest moths; wingspans in this diverse group range from 0.8 to 30.5 cm (0.3 to 12 inches). Although most have

MillerCoors: …breweries in the United States, Miller Brewing Company and Coors Brewing Company. The former company was founded by Frederick Edward John Miller, who emigrated from Germany in 1854 and the following year began production in the Plank Road Brewery in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Adolph Coors—along with his partner, Jacob Schueler—started the…

Miller indices, group of three numbers that indicates the orientation of a plane or set of parallel planes of atoms in a crystal. If each atom in the crystal is represented by a point and these points are connected by lines, the resulting lattice may be divided into a number of identical blocks, or

gold processing: History: Miller’s process of refining impure gold with chlorine gas (patented in Britain in 1867) and Emil Wohlwill’s electrorefining process (introduced in Hamburg, Ger., in 1878), it became possible routinely to achieve higher purities than had been allowed by fire refining.

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition: …by the definition established in Miller v. California (1973)—viz., that a work is obscene if, taken as a whole, it appeals to prurient sexual interests, is patently offensive by community standards, and is devoid of literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. He also rejected the government’s analogy with Ferber v.…

gerrymandering: …equal protection clause, and in Miller v. Johnson (1995) it held that the equal protection clause also prohibits the use of race as the “predominant factor” in drawing electoral-district boundaries.

Coen brothers: …explosives, and the period drama Miller’s Crossing (1990) focused on gangsters. Barton Fink, about an edgy, neurotic would-be writer, claimed the best picture, best director, and best actor awards at the 1991 Cannes film festival, the first such sweep in the event’s history. These early films were also notable for…

Council Bluffs, city, seat (1851) of Pottawattamie county, southwestern Iowa, U.S., on the Missouri River across from Omaha, Nebraska. The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed there in 1804 and held consultations with the Oto and Missouri Indians at a place called Council Hill or Council Bluff; a

The Miller’s Tale, one of the 24 stories in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. This bawdy story of lust and revenge is told by a drunken, churlish Miller. Alison, the young wife of a carpenter, takes their boarder Nicholas as her lover. When Nicholas convinces the carpenter that Noah’s flood

miller’s-thumb, fish that is a species of sculpin

Agatha Christie was an English detective novelist and playwright whose books have sold more than 100 million copies and have been translated into some 100 languages. Educated at home by her mother, Christie began writing detective fiction while working as a nurse during World War I. Her first

Activision Blizzard, Inc.: The history of Activision: …1979 by David Crane and Alan Miller—game designers who split with Atari over issues of creator’s rights—and entertainment executive Jim Levy. Their response was to create a company where designers would be an essential part of the brand identity, with the lead developer of a given title receiving credit on…

Roger Milla is a Cameroonian football (soccer) player, renowned for his impeccable technique and grace under pressure. A forward, he starred on the Cameroon national team that became the first African squad to reach the quarterfinals of the World Cup. He was twice named African Player of the Year

Sonny Boy Williamson: …blues singer and harmonica player,Alex, or Aleck, Miller, who was called Rice Miller, took Sonny Boy Williamson’s name, insisting that he had invented it. He performed, toured, and recorded under it from 1941, when he began playing on the popular King Biscuit Time radio broadcasts in Helena, Arkansas, until…

Alice Duer Miller was an American writer whose work—mostly her light, entertaining novels set among the upper classes—were frequently adapted for stage and film. Alice Duer was of a wealthy and distinguished family and grew up on an estate in Weehawken, New Jersey. The family fortune was lost in a

Glenn Miller was an American big band leader, arranger, composer, and trombonist, considered the premier musical symbol of the World War II generation. Miller began studies at the University of Colorado in Boulder, but he left to work as a musician. He played for several bands before being hired as

Arthur Miller was an American playwright, who combined social awareness with a searching concern for his characters’ inner lives. He is best known for Death of a Salesman (1949). Miller was shaped by the Great Depression, which brought financial ruin onto his father, a small manufacturer, and

Arthur Miller was an American playwright, who combined social awareness with a searching concern for his characters’ inner lives. He is best known for Death of a Salesman (1949). Miller was shaped by the Great Depression, which brought financial ruin onto his father, a small manufacturer, and

Bode Miller is an American Alpine skier who won six Olympic medals—more than any other male American skier—and won the men’s World Cup overall championship in 2005 and 2008. Miller was born in the heart of the White Mountains. His parents were self-styled hippies who lived deep in the woods in a

football: South America: Charles Miller, a leading player in England, came to Brazil in 1894 and introduced football in São Paulo; that city’s athletic club was the first to take up the sport. In Colombia, British engineers and workers building a railroad near Barranquilla first played football in…

Cheryl Miller is a former basketball player who is considered one of the greatest in the history of the women’s game. Miller is credited with both popularizing women’s basketball and elevating it to a higher level. She later worked as a coach and commentator. In 1996 Miller made history as the

Joaquin Miller was an American poet and journalist whose best work conveys a sense of the majesty and excitement of the Old West. His best-known poem is “Columbus” with its refrain, “On, sail on!”—once familiar to millions of American schoolchildren. Miller went west with his family and led a

Joaquin Miller was an American poet and journalist whose best work conveys a sense of the majesty and excitement of the Old West. His best-known poem is “Columbus” with its refrain, “On, sail on!”—once familiar to millions of American schoolchildren. Miller went west with his family and led a

Connecticut Sun: Curt Miller took over as head coach in 2016, and three years later the Sun again emerged as title contenders. In 2019 the team made another appearance in the finals, where it lost to the Washington Mystics in a five-game series. In 2021 the Sun…

Daisy Miller, fictional character, the naive young American who is the protagonist of Henry James’s novel Daisy Miller

Lonely Are the Brave: Production notes and credits:

David Hunter Miller was a U.S. lawyer and an expert on treaties who participated in the drafting of the covenant of the League of Nations. He practiced law in New York City from 1911 to 1929, served on the Inquiry, a body of experts that collected data for the Paris Peace Conference (1917–19), and

principles of physical science: Direct comparison of theory and experiment: …20 years another American investigator, Dayton C. Miller, repeated the experiment many times in different situations and concluded that, at least on a mountaintop, there was a real “ether wind” of about 10 km per second. Although Miller’s final presentation was a model of clear exposition, with evidence scrupulously displayed…

Dennis Miller is an American comedian and actor known for his work on Saturday Night Live (SNL), his brief run as a commentator on Monday Night Football, and his conservative political views. He is also famous for peppering his speech with obscure historical references and drawing from his

Dennis Miller is an American comedian and actor known for his work on Saturday Night Live (SNL), his brief run as a commentator on Monday Night Football, and his conservative political views. He is also famous for peppering his speech with obscure historical references and drawing from his

Four Horsemen: …of 1924: Harry Stuhldreher (quarterback), Don Miller and Jim Crowley (halfbacks), and Elmer Layden (fullback). Supported by the Seven Mules (the nickname given to the offensive line that cleared the way for the four backs) and coached by Knute Rockne, they gained enduring football fame when the nickname appeared in…

Doris Miller was a U.S. naval serviceman noted for his bravery during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (1941). He was the first African American recipient of the Navy Cross for valour. Miller worked on his family’s farm and played football in high school before he enlisted in the U.S. Navy in

Doris Miller was a U.S. naval serviceman noted for his bravery during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (1941). He was the first African American recipient of the Navy Cross for valour. Miller worked on his family’s farm and played football in high school before he enlisted in the U.S. Navy in

Lee Miller was an American photographer, Surrealist artist, and model who might have been known primarily as the muse and lover of the Surrealist artist Man Ray had her son not discovered and promoted her exceptional work as a fashion and war photographer and recovered her reputation as an artist

dress: The 19th century: …been made by the American Elizabeth Smith Miller. The costume she designed was enthusiastically advocated by her friend Amelia Jenks Bloomer, a journalist and writer. In 1851 Bloomer traveled to London and Dublin to publicize this dress reform. The outfit, consisting of a jacket and knee-length skirt worn over Turkish-style…

Frank Miller is an American writer and artist whose work helped usher in a grittier, more mature era of storytelling in comics. Miller began his career in the late 1970s by providing the art for The Twilight Zone, a comic series published by Gold Key that was based on the classic television show

George Miller is an Australian director, screenwriter, and producer who worked in a diverse range of genres but is best known for the futuristic action series Mad Max. While studying medicine at the University of New South Wales, Miller and his twin brother, John, made St. Vincent’s Revue Film

George A. Miller was an American psychologist who was one of the founders of cognitive psychology and of cognitive neuroscience (see cognitive science). He also made significant contributions to psycholinguistics and the study of human communication. One of Miller’s most famous discoveries was that

George A. Miller was an American psychologist who was one of the founders of cognitive psychology and of cognitive neuroscience (see cognitive science). He also made significant contributions to psycholinguistics and the study of human communication. One of Miller’s most famous discoveries was that

Glenn Miller was an American big band leader, arranger, composer, and trombonist, considered the premier musical symbol of the World War II generation. Miller began studies at the University of Colorado in Boulder, but he left to work as a musician. He played for several bands before being hired as

Harriet Mann Miller was an American children’s author whose writing tended to either heartrending fiction about desolate children or lively, factual nature pieces. Harriet Mann grew up in various towns as her itinerant father drifted from place to place, and her schooling was consequently

Harriet Mann Miller was an American children’s author whose writing tended to either heartrending fiction about desolate children or lively, factual nature pieces. Harriet Mann grew up in various towns as her itinerant father drifted from place to place, and her schooling was consequently

Henry Miller was a U.S. writer and perennial Bohemian whose autobiographical novels achieve a candour—particularly about sex—that made them a liberating influence in mid-20th-century literature. He is also notable for a free and easy American style and a gift for comedy that springs from his

Hugh Miller was a Scottish geologist and lay theologian who was considered one of the finest geological writers of the 19th century and whose writings were widely successful in arousing public interest in geologic history. After early literary ventures and a six-year period as a bank accountant in

J. Hillis Miller was an American literary critic who was associated initially with the Geneva group of critics and later with the Yale school and deconstruction. Miller was important in connecting North American criticism with Continental philosophical thought. Miller graduated from Oberlin College

Rosie the Riveter: …created by the American artist J. Howard Miller in 1942, but it was titled “We Can Do It!” and had no association with anyone named Rosie. It is believed that this initial drawing was part of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation’s wartime production campaign to recruit female workers. Miller’s drawing portrayed…

Ewan MacColl was a British singer, songwriter, and playwright. MacColl’s parents were singers and taught him many folk songs. He left school at 14, taking a variety of blue-collar jobs and working as a singer and actor. In 1945 he and Joan Littlewood founded Theatre Workshop; he was the company’s

The Exorcist: Jason Miller, and Lee J. Cobb. The story chronicles a single mother’s struggle to save her daughter from a mysterious ailment, later revealed to be demonic possession. She enlists the help of two Roman Catholic priests, who attempt to perform an exorcism. Though it was…

the Rolling Stones: Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St.: …first by Glyn Johns and Jimmy Miller and then by Jagger and Richards themselves (as the “Glimmer Twins”), their recordings of this period found them adding country music to their list of influences and—most notably on Beggars Banquet—adding more and more acoustic guitar textures to their already impressive command of…

Joaquin Miller was an American poet and journalist whose best work conveys a sense of the majesty and excitement of the Old West. His best-known poem is “Columbus” with its refrain, “On, sail on!”—once familiar to millions of American schoolchildren. Miller went west with his family and led a

Tea Party movement: The 2010 midterm elections: Senate, Joe Miller, won the Republican nomination but faced a strong general election challenge from incumbent Republican Lisa Murkowski, who chose to run as a write-in candidate. On election day the sum of votes for write-in candidates outpaced those for either Miller or the Democratic nominee,…

Johann Martin Miller was a German poet, novelist, and preacher known for moralizing, sentimental novels and folk song-like poems. Miller studied theology at Göttingen where, in 1772, he and other students established the Göttinger Hainbund, a group that met to discuss their poems and to further the

roller coaster: Expansion in the United States: John Miller, who was chief engineer for La Marcus Thompson and worked with other designers, owned more than 100 patents, notably on safety features. His most important was the safety chain dog, or safety ratchet (patented in 1910), which prevented cars from rolling backward down…

Chinese Exclusion Act: Causes and effects: John F. Miller of California, a proponent of the Chinese Exclusion Act, argued that the Chinese workers were “machine-like…of obtuse nerve, but little affected by heat or cold, wiry, sinewy, with muscles of iron.” Partly in response to that stereotype, organized labour in the West…

Seve Ballesteros: …Championship) at Royal Birkdale, behind Johnny Miller. Also that year he received the Professional Golfers’ Association of America (PGA) European Tour’s Order of Merit (as the season’s top moneymaker), which he would eventually be awarded six times. He won his first Masters Tournament in 1980 and followed with a second…

Jonathan Miller was an English actor, director, producer, medical doctor, and man of letters noted for his wide-ranging abilities. Miller was the son of a psychiatrist and a novelist. He graduated from St. John’s College, Cambridge, in 1956 and studied medicine at the University College School of

Angelina Jolie: Film roles: …her first husband, British actor Jonny Lee Miller (married 1996; divorced 1999). The film failed to find an audience, as did a series of subsequent movies. In 1997, however, Jolie garnered much attention portraying the wife of Alabama’s segregationist governor in the television movie George Wallace, and she later won…

J. Hillis Miller was an American literary critic who was associated initially with the Geneva group of critics and later with the Yale school and deconstruction. Miller was important in connecting North American criticism with Continental philosophical thought. Miller graduated from Oberlin College

Jill Abramson: …when it emerged that reporter Judith Miller, who was at the time attached to the Washington bureau, had inaccurately reported on the presence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq during the lead-up to the 2003 declaration of war on that country. However, Abramson emerged largely unscathed from the controversy.…

Julia Phillips was an American film producer and writer who was the first woman to win an Academy Award for best picture, for The Sting (1973). Phillips was educated at Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts (B.A., 1965), and worked in publishing before becoming a story editor for

Lee Miller was an American photographer, Surrealist artist, and model who might have been known primarily as the muse and lover of the Surrealist artist Man Ray had her son not discovered and promoted her exceptional work as a fashion and war photographer and recovered her reputation as an artist

Emerging as a rapper, producer, and songwriter in the “party rap” tradition, Mac Miller went on to captivate audiences with a diverse discography of hip-hop music. Originally derided by critics, Miller’s Blue Slide Park (2011) became the first independently distributed debut album to reach the top

Maria Stewart was an American writer, lecturer, teacher, and activist who was the first known American woman to lecture the public on the abolitionist movement. Her speeches and essays helped influence other people to work toward the educational and social advancement of African Americans. Stewart

Marilyn Miller was one of the most popular American musical comedy actresses of the 1920s. Mary Ellen Reynolds grew up with her stepfather’s name, Miller. Her parents and eldest sister formed a vaudeville act called the Columbian Trio, which Marilyn joined as “Mlle Sugarplum” when she was four,

Marvin Miller was an American union leader who, as head of the Major League Baseball (MLB) Players Association, drove successful efforts to improve ballplayers’ labour rights, revolutionizing the business of professional sports as a result. Miller graduated from New York University (1938) with an

Marvin Miller was an American union leader who, as head of the Major League Baseball (MLB) Players Association, drove successful efforts to improve ballplayers’ labour rights, revolutionizing the business of professional sports as a result. Miller graduated from New York University (1938) with an

Mary Boykin Chesnut was the author of A Diary from Dixie, an insightful view of Southern life and leadership during the American Civil War (1861–65), told from an upper-class perspective. The work has led some to call Chesnut “the preeminent writer of the Confederacy.” Mary Boykin Miller was born

stand-up comedy: The British tradition and the spread of stand-up comedy: …and early 20th centuries, especially Max Miller, who dressed in flashy suits and delivered cheeky fast-paced comedy patter in between song-and-dance bits. The more progressive British comedy of the 1950s and ’60s was largely an outgrowth of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge tradition of satirical college revues, including the…