Maffei 1 and 2: 2, two galaxies relatively close to the Milky Way Galaxy but unobserved until the late 1960s, when the Italian astronomer Paolo Maffei detected them by their infrared radiation. Later studies established that the objects are galaxies. Lying near the border between the constellations Perseus and…

Western painting: Early and High Baroque in Italy: …colours and flickering brushwork of Francesco Maffei from Vicenza, whereas Bernardo Strozzi in 1630 carried to Venice the saturated colours and vigorous painterly qualities of the Genoese school. Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione also began his career in Genoa and, after a period in Rome, worked from 1648 as court painter in…

Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei was an Italian dramatist, archaeologist, and scholar who, in his verse tragedy Merope, attempted to introduce Greek and French classical simplicity into Italian drama and thus prepared the way for the dramatic tragedies of Vittorio Alfieri and the librettos of

Maffei 1 and 2: …1960s, when the Italian astronomer Paolo Maffei detected them by their infrared radiation. Later studies established that the objects are galaxies. Lying near the border between the constellations Perseus and Cassiopeia, they are close to the plane of the Milky Way, where obscuring dust clouds in interstellar space prevent nearly…

Czechoslovak history: Struggle for independence: …underground organization called the “Maffia” served as a liaison between them.

Mafia, hierarchically structured society of criminals of primarily Italian or Sicilian birth or extraction. The term applies to the traditional criminal organization in Sicily and also to a criminal organization in the United States. Most scholars agree that the Mafia emerged in Sicily in the 19th

Rome: Capital of a united Italy: …in connection with the so-called Mafia Capitale scandal, which saw millions of euros in public funds diverted to a pair of criminal ringleaders. City services, including trash collection, public transit, and public housing, were affected by the embezzlement and kickback scheme. Ignazio Marino of the Democratic Party (Partito Democratico) was…

Mafia Island, island in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Tanzania, eastern Africa. It lies 80 miles (130 km) southeast of Dar es-Salaam and opposite the mouth of the Rufiji River. It is 170 square miles (440 square km) in area and is separated from the mainland by a channel 10 miles (16

Leonardo Sciascia: Mafia Vendetta), a study of the Mafia. Other mystery novels followed, among them A ciascuno il suo (1966; A Man’s Blessing), Il contesto (1971; Equal Danger), and Todo modo (1974; One Way or Another). Sciascia also wrote historical analyses, plays, short stories, and essays on…

online gaming: Social gaming: …most successful “Facebook games”—notably Zynga’s Mafia Wars (2008) and Farmville (2009) and EA’s The Sims Social (2011)—maximized revenue by rewarding players for interacting with advertising partners and selling in-game currency.

mafic rock, in geology, igneous rock that is dominated by the silicates pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, and mica. These minerals are high in magnesium and ferric oxides, and their presence gives mafic rock its characteristic dark colour. Mafic rock is commonly contrasted with felsic rock, in which

Mahikeng, city, capital of North-West province, South Africa. It lies close to the Botswana border, about 150 miles (240 km) west of Johannesburg. The area was settled by Chief Molema and his followers in 1852; they called it “Molema’s town.” In 1881 the name was changed to Mahikeng, meaning “place

Mafinga Hills, hills located astride the Malawi-Zambia border southeast of Chitipa (Fort Hill), Malawi. The hills are composed of quartzites, phyllites, and feldspathic sandstones of sedimentary origin. Three separate sections—the Mafingi Ridge, Pilewombe Hills, and Kayuni-Misissi Hills—were formed

Mafou River, headstream of the upper Niger that rises in the highlands of southern Guinea. It flows northward to join the Niger near Kouroussa, Guinea, after a course of 100 miles (160

Mafra, town, west-central Portugal. It lies near the Atlantic Ocean, 18 miles (29 km) northwest of central Lisbon, and constitutes a parish of that city. Mafra is noted primarily for the National Palace (also containing a church and monastery), built (1717–35) by King John V in thanksgiving for the

MAG machine gun, general-purpose machine gun used primarily as a tank- or vehicle-mounted weapon, although it is also made with a butt and bipod for infantry use. Manufactured by Belgium’s Fabrique Nationale d’Armes de Guerre (FN), the MAG was adopted for use by the North Atlantic Treaty

Mag Tuired, mythical plain in Ireland, which was the scene of two important battles. The first battle was between the Fir Bolg and the Tuatha Dé Danann, or race of gods. In this battle the Dé Danann overcame the Fir Bolg and won Ireland for themselves, but Nuadu, the king of the gods, lost his hand

MAGA movement, nativist political movement that emerged in the United States during the 2016 presidential campaign of its putative leader, Donald Trump. Its name is derived from Trump’s 2016 campaign slogan “Make America Great Again,” which became a rallying cry for many Trump supporters during his

MAGA movement, nativist political movement that emerged in the United States during the 2016 presidential campaign of its putative leader, Donald Trump. Its name is derived from Trump’s 2016 campaign slogan “Make America Great Again,” which became a rallying cry for many Trump supporters during his

Benin: Decolonization and independence: …1964–65), Justin Ahomadégbé (1972), and Hubert Maga (1960–63 and 1970–72), drawing their principal support respectively from Porto-Novo, Abomey, and the north. After independence in 1960, these political problems were exacerbated by economic difficulties, reflected in student and trade union unrest. The ensuing instability resulted in six successful military coups d’état…

Magadan, port and administrative centre of Magadan oblast (region), far northeastern Russia. It lies at the head of Nagayevo Bay of the Gulf of Tauysk, on the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. The city was founded in 1933 as the port and supply centre for the Kolyma goldfields. Engineering

Magadan, oblast (region), northeastern Siberia, far eastern Russia. Magadan oblast is bordered by the Sea of Okhotsk to the east and southeast and by the Chukchi autonomous okrug to the north, Khabarovsk kray (territory) to the southwest, and Sakha republic to the west. Most of the oblast is rugged

Gaya: …and several colleges affiliated with Magadh University. It was constituted a municipality in 1865. In the surrounding region grains, oilseeds, and sugarcane are grown with the aid of irrigation from the Son, Punpun, Morhar, and Phalgu rivers and the Patna Canal system. Building stone and mica deposits are worked in…

Magadha, ancient kingdom of India, situated in what is now west-central Bihar state, in northeastern India. It was the nucleus of several larger kingdoms or empires between the 6th century bce and the 8th century ce. The early importance of Magadha may be explained by its strategic position in the

Bihārī languages: …main languages: Maithilī (Tirhutiā) and Magadhī (Magahī) in the east and Bhojpurl in the west, extending into the southern half of Chota Nāgpur. Maithilī, spoken in the old country of Mithilā (Tirhut), was famous from ancient times for its use among scholars, and it still retains many antiquated linguistic forms.…

Lake Magadi, lake, in the Great Rift Valley, southern Kenya. Lake Magadi is 20 miles (32 km) long and 2 miles (3 km) wide and is located about 150 miles (240 km) east of Lake Victoria. It occupies the lowest level of a vast depression, and its bed consists almost entirely of solid or semisolid

Bihārī languages: …main languages: Maithilī (Tirhutiā) and Magadhī (Magahī) in the east and Bhojpurl in the west, extending into the southern half of Chota Nāgpur. Maithilī, spoken in the old country of Mithilā (Tirhut), was famous from ancient times for its use among scholars, and it still retains many antiquated linguistic forms.…

amphibian: Economic importance: …have been found to contain magainin, a substance that provides a natural antibiotic effect. Other skin secretions, especially toxins, have potential use as anesthetics and painkillers. Biochemists are currently investigating these substances for medicinal use.

Brazilian literature: Nationalism and Romanticism: …began with the publication of Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães’s Suspiros poéticos e saudades (1836; “Poetic Sighs and Nostalgias”), a volume of intimate and lyrical poetry. Magalhães, along with other intellectuals and writers, is also credited with having introduced Romanticism to Brazil via the publication in Paris of Niterói: revista…

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who sailed under the flags of both Portugal (1505–13) and Spain (1519–21). From Spain, he sailed around South America, discovering the Strait of Magellan, and across the Pacific. Though he was killed in the Philippines, one of his ships

Magallanes y La Antarctica Chilena, largest and southernmost región of Chile. Named for Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese navigator, it became a colonial territory in 1853 and a province in 1929. It was given its present boundaries in 1961 and established as a region in 1974. It includes the

Strait of Magellan, channel linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, between the mainland tip of South America and Tierra del Fuego island. Lying entirely within Chilean territorial waters, except for its easternmost extremity touched by Argentina, it is 350 miles (560 km) long and 2–20 miles (3–32

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who sailed under the flags of both Portugal (1505–13) and Spain (1519–21). From Spain, he sailed around South America, discovering the Strait of Magellan, and across the Pacific. Though he was killed in the Philippines, one of his ships

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who sailed under the flags of both Portugal (1505–13) and Spain (1519–21). From Spain, he sailed around South America, discovering the Strait of Magellan, and across the Pacific. Though he was killed in the Philippines, one of his ships

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who sailed under the flags of both Portugal (1505–13) and Spain (1519–21). From Spain, he sailed around South America, discovering the Strait of Magellan, and across the Pacific. Though he was killed in the Philippines, one of his ships

Hambantota port, inland port on Sri Lanka’s southern coast near the town of Hambantota. The port, which was intended to become a major hub in global shipping routes, came to represent the financial mismanagement and corruption of Sri Lankan Pres. Mahinda Rajapaksa and his family, who were removed

Magangué, city, Bolívar departamento, northern Colombia, on the Brazo de Loba (a branch of the Magdalena River). The original Indian village, Maganguey (Manguey), was discovered by Spanish explorers in 1532. The city was not actually founded, however, until 1610, when Diego de Carvajal expanded the

Magar, indigenous ethnic group of Nepal, living mainly on the western and southern flanks of the country’s north-central Dhaulagiri mountain massif. They also live in small but significant numbers in northern India, especially in the state of Sikkim. The Magar speak a language of the Tibeto-Burman

Australian Aboriginal peoples: Leadership and social control: …of this sort being the Makarrata (magarada, or maneiag) of Arnhem Land. During a ritualized meeting, the accused ran the gauntlet of his accusers, who threw spears at him; a wounded thigh was taken as proof of guilt.

India: Ashoka and his successors: Magas of Cyrene; and Alexander (of either Epirus or Corinth). This reference has become the bedrock of Mauryan chronology. Local tradition asserts that he had contacts with Khotan and Nepal. Close relations with Tissa, the king of Sri Lanka, were furthered by the fact that…

magatama, chiefly Japanese jade ornament shaped like a comma with a small perforation at the thick end; it was worn as a pendant, and its form may derive from prehistoric animal-tooth pendants. There are also examples with caps made of gold or silver. In Japan, magatamas have been made since the

logistics: Logistic systems before 1850: …logistic innovations were notable: the magazine, a strategically located prestocked depot, usually established to support an army conducting a siege; and its smaller, mobile version, the rolling magazine, which carried a few days’ supply for an army on the march. Secure lines of communication became vital, and whole armies were…

magazine, a printed or digitally published collection of texts (essays, articles, stories, poems), often illustrated, that is produced at regular intervals (excluding newspapers). A brief treatment of magazines follows. For full treatment, see publishing: Magazine publishing. The modern magazine

history of publishing: Reader’s Digest magazine: …of the more successful was Magazine Digest (founded 1930), which was based in Canada and contained a good deal of scientific and technical matter. One that tried a new formula, based on timeliness and a liberal slant, was Reader’s Scope (1943–48). The most successful book digest was probably Omnibook (1938–57),…

Arkansas: Relief, drainage, and soils: …highest point in the state, Mount Magazine, which rises to 2,753 feet (839 metres). Several mountains in the Ouachita Province reach heights of about 2,500 feet (760 metres). The mountains are eroded, folded, and faulted rocks, with the ridges stretching to the east and west.

Anthony Boucher: Francis McComas founded The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (F&SF), which aimed to publish work at a higher literary level than had previously existed in the genre. F&SF encouraged a new generation of science fiction authors that included Philip K. Dick and Alfred Bester and published Walter…

Magburaka, town, central Sierra Leone, on the Rokel River. Located on the government railway, it is a traditional trade centre (in rice, palm oil and kernels, tomatoes, and kola nuts) among the Temne people. Magburaka has government and church schools, a vocational training centre, and a government

Hermann Sudermann: , Magda) carried his fame throughout the world. It portrays the conflicts of Magda, a celebrated opera singer who returns to confront her past in the narrow, provincial hometown that she left in disgrace.

Magdalen Islands, islands in Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine region, eastern Quebec province, Canada. They lie in the southern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence between Prince Edward Island (southwest) and Newfoundland island (east-northeast), 150 miles (240 km) southeast of the Gaspé Peninsula. The

Magdalene laundry, an institution in which women and girls were made to perform unpaid laundry work, sewing, cleaning, and cooking as penitence for violating moral codes. Such institutions existed in Europe, North America, and Australia between the 18th and 20th centuries and were often overseen by

Magdalena, delegación (administrative subdivision), west-central Federal District, central Mexico. It lies along the Magdalena River near Cerro Ajusco. Although once simply the commercial centre for the cereals, beans, fruits, and livestock produced in the surrounding area, Magdalena gained

Magdalena, departamento, northern Colombia, occupying the Caribbean lowlands and bounded by the Magdalena River on the west. Much of its area is swamp, floodplain, or high mountains (including the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in the northeast). The major economic activity is banana cultivation,

Magdalena, delegación (administrative subdivision), west-central Federal District, central Mexico. It lies along the Magdalena River near Cerro Ajusco. Although once simply the commercial centre for the cereals, beans, fruits, and livestock produced in the surrounding area, Magdalena gained

Magdalena del Mar, city in the Lima-Callao metropolitan area of Peru, southwest of central Lima. It is bounded on the south by cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean. In the early 20th century the area developed as a popular resort, but it is now largely residential. The city contains the large

Magdalena del Mar, city in the Lima-Callao metropolitan area of Peru, southwest of central Lima. It is bounded on the south by cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean. In the early 20th century the area developed as a popular resort, but it is now largely residential. The city contains the large

Magdalena River, river, north-central Colombia. It rises at the bifurcation of the Andean Cordilleras Central and Oriental and flows northward for 930 miles (1,497 km) to the Caribbean Sea. It receives the San Jorge, César, and Cauca rivers in the swampy floodplain of the northern lowlands. The

Pueblo Libre, distrito (district), in the southwestern Lima–Callao metropolitan area, Peru. Mainly a middle-income residential community, it is dotted with small parks. Although many of the homes are modern, some predate Peru’s independence from Spain (1824). The liberators Simón Bolívar and José

Donatello: Paduan period of Donatello: When the statue of Mary Magdalene was damaged in the 1966 flood at Florence, restoration work revealed the original painted surface, including realistic flesh tones and golden highlights throughout the saint’s hair.

Magdalene laundry, an institution in which women and girls were made to perform unpaid laundry work, sewing, cleaning, and cooking as penitence for violating moral codes. Such institutions existed in Europe, North America, and Australia between the 18th and 20th centuries and were often overseen by

Magdalene laundry, an institution in which women and girls were made to perform unpaid laundry work, sewing, cleaning, and cooking as penitence for violating moral codes. Such institutions existed in Europe, North America, and Australia between the 18th and 20th centuries and were often overseen by

Magdalene laundry, an institution in which women and girls were made to perform unpaid laundry work, sewing, cleaning, and cooking as penitence for violating moral codes. Such institutions existed in Europe, North America, and Australia between the 18th and 20th centuries and were often overseen by

Magdalene laundry, an institution in which women and girls were made to perform unpaid laundry work, sewing, cleaning, and cooking as penitence for violating moral codes. Such institutions existed in Europe, North America, and Australia between the 18th and 20th centuries and were often overseen by

Magdalenian culture, toolmaking industry and artistic tradition of Upper Paleolithic Europe, which followed the Solutrean industry and was succeeded by the simplified Azilian; it represents the culmination of Upper Paleolithic cultural development in Europe. The Magdalenians lived some 11,000 to

Magdeburg, city, capital of Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies along the Elbe River, southwest of Berlin. First mentioned in 805 as a small trading settlement on the frontier of the Slavic lands, it became important under Otto I (the Great), who founded there (c. 937) the

Ottonian art: …ivory plaques of the “Magdeburg Antependium” (c. 970), carvings have a characteristic restraint and the narrative is conveyed through simple gestures and enlivened by an original kind of decoration such as that in the strongly patterned background. An important development in Ottonian art was that of large-scale sculpture. Stone…

Wrocław: History: …1261, when it adopted the Magdeburg Law (Magdeburger Recht), a civic constitution based on German law. Wrocław again flourished as an economic center. Nearby to the east a “new town” was developed; it was united with the older city in 1327. In 1335 Wrocław passed to Bohemia with the rest…

Magdeburg: The Magdeburg Rider, the oldest German equestrian statue (c. 1240), showing Otto the Great, can be seen in Magdeburg’s Cultural History Museum. The physicist Otto von Guericke, the composer Georg Telemann, and the soldier Frederick William, Freiherr (baron) von Steuben, were born in Magdeburg. The city…

The Thirty Years’ War had been raging in what is now Germany for a dozen years when, in 1630, its scope widened to include international actors. Foremost among them was King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, who landed a large invasion force in support of the Protestant cause in June 1630. In turn the

Wrocław: History: …1261, when it adopted the Magdeburg Law (Magdeburger Recht), a civic constitution based on German law. Wrocław again flourished as an economic center. Nearby to the east a “new town” was developed; it was united with the older city in 1327. In 1335 Wrocław passed to Bohemia with the rest…

Magdeburg: The Magdeburg Rider, the oldest German equestrian statue (c. 1240), showing Otto the Great, can be seen in Magdeburg’s Cultural History Museum. The physicist Otto von Guericke, the composer Georg Telemann, and the soldier Frederick William, Freiherr (baron) von Steuben, were born in Magdeburg. The city…

Uys Krige: …Kentering (1935; “Turnings”); a play, Magdelena Retief (1938); and a volume of poetic tales, Die palmboom (1940; “The Palm Tree”). He served as a war correspondent with the South African forces in North Africa (1940–41) and was captured at Tobruk. He was sent to Italy as a prisoner of war,…

Magelang, city, Central Java (Jawa Tengah) propinsi (or provinsi; province), Java, Indonesia. It lies about 25 miles (40 km) north-northwest of Yogyakarta, along the Progo River, which empties into the Indian Ocean. A tourist centre for those visiting the Borobudur, Pawon, and Mendut temples, the

Magellan, U.S. spacecraft that from 1990 to 1994 used radar to create a high-resolution map of the surface of Venus. The Magellan spacecraft was launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from the space shuttle Atlantis on May 4, 1989. The primary spacecraft instrument was a

sheldgoose: hybrida), the Magellan goose (C. picta), and the Andean goose (C. melanoptera)—and the Orinoco goose (Neochen jubatus). African sheldgeese include the spur-winged goose (Plectropterus gambensis) and the Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus).

Las Campanas Observatory: …two largest telescopes, collectively named Magellan, have a diameter of 6.5 metres (260 inches). The first Magellan telescope, named after American astronomer Walter Baade, made its first observations in 2000, and the second Magellan telescope, named after project benefactor Landon Clay, made its first observations in 2002. The Magellan telescopes…

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who sailed under the flags of both Portugal (1505–13) and Spain (1519–21). From Spain, he sailed around South America, discovering the Strait of Magellan, and across the Pacific. Though he was killed in the Philippines, one of his ships

Strait of Magellan, channel linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, between the mainland tip of South America and Tierra del Fuego island. Lying entirely within Chilean territorial waters, except for its easternmost extremity touched by Argentina, it is 350 miles (560 km) long and 2–20 miles (3–32

Magellanic Cloud, either of two satellite galaxies of the Milky Way Galaxy, the vast star system of which Earth is a minor component. These companion galaxies were named for the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, whose crew discovered them during the first voyage around the world (1519–22).

Magellanic penguin, (Spheniscus magellanicus), species of penguin (order Sphenisciformes) characterized by the presence of a broad crescent of white feathers that extends from just above each eye to the chin, a horseshoe-shaped band of black feathers that cuts across the white feathers on the chest

annelid: Annotated classification: …and hooded hooks; single genus, Magelona. Order Psammodrilida Prostomium and peristome lack appendages; parapodia in mid-region long and supported by aciculae; minute; 2 genera, Psammodrilus and Psammodriloides, each with a single species. Order Ctenodrilida

annelid: Annotated classification: Order Magelonida Long, slender bodies divided into 2 regions; prostomium flattened with 2 long palpi arising from the ventral surface at the junction of the prostomium and next segment; capillary and hooded hooks; single genus, Magelona. Order Psammodrilida Prostomium and peristome lack appendages; parapodia in

Simeon ben Zemah Duran: His commentary Magen Avot (“The Shield of the Fathers”), which influenced the great medieval Jewish philosopher Joseph Albo, is important for reducing the Thirteen Articles of Faith of Moses Maimonides (1135–1204) to three essential dogmas: the existence of God, the divine origin of Jewish law, and the…

Star of David, Jewish symbol composed of two overlaid equilateral triangles that form a six-pointed star. It appears on synagogues, Jewish tombstones, and the flag of the State of Israel. The symbol—which historically was not limited to use by Jews—originated in antiquity, when, side by side with

François Magendie was a French experimental physiologist who was the first to prove the functional difference of the spinal nerves. His pioneer studies of the effects of drugs on various parts of the body led to the scientific introduction into medical practice of such compounds as strychnine and

Magenta, town, Lombardia (Lombardy) regione, northern Italy, just west of Milan. Its name is derived from that of Marcus Maxentius, a Roman general and emperor (ad 306–312) who had his headquarters there at Castra Maxentia. The town was the site of the Battle of Magenta (June 4, 1859), fought

colour: The laws of colour mixture: …light, and its colour is magenta. The blue-absorbing image transmits only green light and red light, and its colour is yellow. Hence, the subtractive primaries are cyan, magenta, and yellow (see figure, right).

Battle of Magenta, engagement on June 4, 1859, between France and Austria in the Franco-Piedmontese War during the second war of Italian independence (1859–61). French ruler Emperor Napoleon III had allied himself with the kingdom of Piedmont, intending to drive the Austrians out of northern Italy.

Patrice de Mac-Mahon was a marshal of France and the second president of the Third French Republic. During his presidency, the Third Republic took shape, the new constitutional laws of 1875 were adopted, and important precedents were established affecting the relationship between executive and

Porsangen: Magerøya (island), just west of the mouth, contains North Cape (Nordkapp) and the northernmost point in Europe; a tunnel under Magerøy Sound leads to the island. The region around Porsangen is sparsely populated; Kistrand, Banak, Lakselv, and Børselv are the main villages. All are located…

Porsangen: Magerøya (island), just west of the mouth, contains North Cape (Nordkapp) and the northernmost point in Europe; a tunnel under Magerøy Sound leads to the island. The region around Porsangen is sparsely populated; Kistrand, Banak, Lakselv, and Børselv are the main villages. All are located…

marga, in Indian religions, a path toward, or way of reaching, salvation. The epic Bhagavadgita (or Gita) describes jnana-marga, the way of knowledge (study of philosophical texts and contemplation); karma-marga, the way of action (proper performance of one’s religious and ethical duties); and

maggid, any of the many itinerant Jewish preachers who flourished especially in Poland and Russia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Because rabbis at that time preached only on the Sabbaths preceding Pesaḥ (Passover) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), maggidim were in great demand throughout the

Joseph ben Ephraim Karo: …a strange, mystical diary, entitled Maggid mesharim (1646; “Preacher of Righteousness”), in which he recorded the nocturnal visits of an angelic being, the personification of the Mishna (the authoritative collection of Jewish Oral Law). His visitor spurred him to acts of righteousness and even asceticism, exhorted him to study the…

maggid, any of the many itinerant Jewish preachers who flourished especially in Poland and Russia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Because rabbis at that time preached only on the Sabbaths preceding Pesaḥ (Passover) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), maggidim were in great demand throughout the

Erma Bombeck: …and produced a television series, Maggie (1981–82); and appeared (1975–86) on the TV show Good Morning America. She underwent a mastectomy in 1992, and shortly afterward her kidneys began to fail. She underwent dialysis and was placed on waiting lists for a transplant, but though a donor match was found,…

Jack Kerouac: On the Road and other early work: …“true-life” novels, Doctor Sax (1959), Maggie Cassidy (1959), and Tristessa (1960) among them.

Rod Stewart: Solo career: …States simultaneously; the single “Maggie May” repeated the feat; and Rolling Stone magazine named Stewart “rock star of the year.”

Stephen Crane: …Crane wrote his first book, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893), a sympathetic study of an innocent and abused slum girl’s descent into prostitution and her eventual suicide.

Guarneri Family: …Brescian school, particularly those of G.P. Maggini, whom he followed in the boldness of outline and the massive construction that aim at the production of tone, rather than visual perfection of form. The great variety of his work in size, model, and related features represents his experiments in tonal production.…

Lake Maggiore, second largest lake in Italy (area 82 square miles [212 square km]), bisected by the border between Lombardy (east) and Piedmont (west). Its northern end is in the Swiss Ticino canton. At an elevation of 633 feet (193 metres) above sea level, the lake is 34 miles (54 km) long, with a