• MRP (political party, France)

    Popular Republican Movement, former French social reform party whose policies corresponded largely to the European Christian Democratic tradition. Founded on Nov. 26, 1944, shortly after the end of the German occupation of France during World War II, the MRP consistently won some 25 percent of the

  • MRS (medicine)

    magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diagnostic imaging technique based on the detection of metabolites in tissues. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is related to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in that it uses the same machinery; however, instead of measuring blood flow, MRS measures the

  • Mrs Henderson Presents (film by Frears [2005])

    Judi Dench: …an eccentric theater owner in Mrs. Henderson Presents (2005), and the lonely teacher Barbara Covett in Notes on a Scandal (2006). During this time she also was nominated for best supporting actress for her performance in Chocolat (2000).

  • Mrs. America (American television miniseries)

    Cate Blanchett: Hepburn, Dylan, and Academy Awards: …2020 included the TV miniseries Mrs. America, in which she portrayed the activist Phyllis Schlafly, who opposed the Equal Rights Amendment. In 2021 Blanchett appeared in the films Don’t Look Up, a dramedy about an impending comet strike that will destroy Earth, and  Guillermo del Toro’s Nightmare Alley. In the…

  • Mrs. Bridge (novel by Connell)

    Evan S. Connell: Connell’s first novel, Mrs. Bridge (1959), dissects the life of a conventional upper-middle-class Kansas City matron who lacks a sense of purpose and conforms blindly to what is expected of her. Ten years later Connell published Mr. Bridge (1969), which relates the same story from the point of…

  • Mrs. Brown (film by Madden [1997])

    Gerard Butler: …with a supporting role in Mrs. Brown, a historical drama about Queen Victoria (played by Judi Dench) and her relationship with a Scottish servant. He had a small part in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) and appeared in several British films in the next few years, notably…

  • Mrs. Dalloway (novel by Woolf)

    Mrs. Dalloway, novel by Virginia Woolf published in 1925. It examines one day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, an upper-class Londoner married to a member of Parliament. Mrs. Dalloway is essentially plotless; what action there is takes place mainly in the characters’ consciousness. The novel

  • Mrs. Doubtfire (film by Columbus [1993])

    Sally Field: …included the comedies Soapdish (1991), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Forrest Gump (1994), and Two Weeks (2006). In Steven Spielberg’s Lincoln (2012), she portrayed Mary Todd Lincoln. She subsequently was cast in The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), The Amazing Spider-Man 2

  • Mrs. English and Other Women (poetry by Thomas)

    D.M. Thomas: For Mrs. English and Other Women (2014), Thomas drew inspiration from his own life. Vintage Ghosts (2012) is a verse novel.

  • Mrs. Graham (painting by Gainsborough)

    Thomas Gainsborough: London period of Thomas Gainsborough: …the Royal Academy the well-known Mrs. Graham, C.F. Abel, William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and Maria, Duchess of Gloucester, all deliberately glamorous and painted in richly heightened colour. Queen Charlotte is more restrained; the painting of the flounced white dress decorated with ribbons and laces makes her look particularly regal.…

  • Mrs. John Drew’s Arch Street Theatre (theater, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States)

    Louisa Lane Drew: …and it was reopened as Mrs. John Drew’s Arch Street Theatre. For 31 years she remained as manager. She quickly built up one of the most brilliant repertory companies in the history of the American stage. It lasted until 1878, when the company was disbanded and the theatre given over…

  • Mrs. Miniver (film by Wyler [1942])

    William Wyler: Films of the 1940s of William Wyler: Wyler’s next film, Mrs. Miniver (1942), won six Academy Awards and was nominated for another six, but its greatest legacy was the empathy for the British and the support for the Allied war effort it engendered among American audiences at a time when the United States had only…

  • Mrs. Nixon (novel by Beattie)

    Ann Beattie: In the unconventional novel Mrs. Nixon (2011), Beattie imagined the life of first lady Pat Nixon and also discussed the art of writing. A Wonderful Stroke of Luck, her 21st book, was published in 2019. Beattie’s other works included the children’s book Spectacles (1985), which deals with the supernatural,…

  • Mrs. Osmond (novel by Banville)

    John Banville: Fiction: In Mrs. Osmond (2017), Banville offered a sequel to Henry James’s The Portrait of a Lady (1881). In 2022 he published the satiric novel The Singularities, a sequel to The Infinities that features many of the characters of his previous books.

  • Mrs. Overtheway’s Remembrances (work by Ewing)

    children’s literature: Prehistory (early Middle Ages to 1712): Overtheway (in Juliana Ewing’s Mrs. Overtheway’s Remembrances, 1869), recalling her childhood reading, refers to it as “that book of wondrous fascination.” A softened Puritanism also reveals itself in Bunyan’s Book for Boys and Girls: or, Country Rhymes for Children (1686), as well as the Divine and Moral Songs for…

  • Mrs. Palfrey at the Claremont (film by Ireland [2005])

    Joan Plowright: Film and TV: …befriends a young writer in Mrs. Palfrey at the Claremont (2005). Plowright’s later movies included the children’s movies Curious George (2006), for which she supplied the voice of Miss Plushbottom, and The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008). She later had a cameo in the thriller Knife Edge (2009), which was her last…

  • Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (film by Rudolph [1994])

    Gwyneth Paltrow: …as a bohemian artist in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994), as Thomas Jefferson’s daughter in Jefferson in Paris (1995), and alongside Morgan Freeman and then-boyfriend Brad Pitt in the thriller Se7en (1995). Her first starring role, as the title character in the 1996 film adaptation of Jane Austen

  • Mrs. Pettigrew Lives for a Day (film by Nalluri [2008])

    Amy Adams: Breakthrough and stardom: …also starred in the comedy Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day and Sunshine Cleaning, a dramedy about sisters who open a crime-scene cleaning service.

  • Mrs. Robinson (song by Simon)

    Art Garfunkel: Success in Simon and Garfunkel: …“I Am a Rock,” “Mrs. Robinson” (from the feature film The Graduate [1967]), “A Hazy Shade of Winter,” “At the Zoo,” “Scarborough Fair/Canticle,” “The Boxer,” “Bridge over Troubled Water,” and “Cecilia.” However, at the height of their popularity, the duo’s personal relationship began to unravel, in part because of…

  • Mrs. Sheridan (painting by Gainsborough)

    Thomas Gainsborough: London period of Thomas Gainsborough: Mrs. Sheridan melts into the landscape, while Lady Bate Dudley, a symphony in blue and green, is an insubstantial form, almost an abstract. Mrs. Siddons, on the other hand, shows that Gainsborough could still paint a splendid objective study. Few of the later male portraits…

  • Mrs. Siddons (painting by Gainsborough)

    Thomas Gainsborough: London period of Thomas Gainsborough: Mrs. Siddons, on the other hand, shows that Gainsborough could still paint a splendid objective study. Few of the later male portraits are of a pronounced character, but exceptions are two particularly good pictures of musicians, Johann Christian Fischer and the unfinished Lord Abingdon.

  • Mrs. Soffel (film by Armstrong [1984])

    Gillian Armstrong: …of the 20th century for Mrs. Soffel (1984), an American crime movie based on a true story and starring Diane Keaton and Mel Gibson. High Tide (1987) featured Davis as a backup singer for an Elvis Presley impersonator.; when she loses her job in a small coastal town, she accidentally…

  • Mrs. Ted Bliss (novel by Elkin)

    Stanley Elkin: Mrs. Ted Bliss, a novel about the exploits of an octogenarian widow residing in a condominium complex in Miami Beach, Florida, was published in 1995.

  • Mrs. Warren’s Profession (play by Shaw)

    Mrs. Warren’s Profession, play in four acts by George Bernard Shaw, written in 1893 and published in 1898 but not performed until 1902 because of government censorship; the play’s subject matter is organized prostitution. Vivie Warren, a well-educated young woman, discovers that her mother attained

  • Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch (film by Taurog [1934])

    Norman Taurog: Musical comedies and Boys Town: Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch (1934) was yet another screen version of the Alice Hegan Rice story about a poor family led by an optimistic matriarch. Taurog’s film was notable for the appearance of W.C. Fields in an atypical role as the suitor of…

  • Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch (novel by Rice)

    Norman Taurog: Musical comedies and Boys Town: …of the Alice Hegan Rice story about a poor family led by an optimistic matriarch. Taurog’s film was notable for the appearance of W.C. Fields in an atypical role as the suitor of a spinster (Pitts). College Rhythm (1934), another comedy-musical, centres on the rivalry between former best friends (Jack…

  • Mrs. Winterbourne (film by Benjamin [1996])

    Shirley MacLaine: …her daughter-in-law’s mistaken identity in Mrs. Winterbourne (1996). In 2000 MacLaine directed her only feature film, Bruno (also released as The Dress Code), about a young boy struggling to express himself.

  • MRSA (bacterium)

    MRSA, bacterium in the genus Staphylococcus that is characterized by its resistance to the antibiotic methicillin and to related semisynthetic penicillins. MRSA is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus and was first isolated in the early 1960s, shortly after methicillin came into use as an antibiotic.

  • MRTA (Peruvian revolutionary group)

    Túpac Amaru, Peruvian revolutionary group. Founded in 1983, the group is best known for holding 490 people hostage in the Japanese embassy in Lima (1996) in an effort to gain the release of jailed comrades. After a standoff of several weeks, Peruvian troops stormed the embassy and killed all the

  • Mru language (language)

    Sino-Tibetan languages: Burmic languages: … in Assam, as well as Mru and Meitei (Meetei) in India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, seem close to Kukish.

  • MRV (missile)

    rocket and missile system: Multiple warheads: …came with multiple warheads, or multiple reentry vehicles (MRVs), and the Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS). The Soviets introduced both of these capabilities with the SS-9 Scarp, the first “heavy” missile, beginning in 1967. FOBS was based on a low-trajectory launch that would be fired in the opposite direction from…

  • Ms (American magazine)

    Ms., periodical, launched in 1972 by American feminists Gloria Steinem, Patricia Carbine, and others, that was the first nationally circulated women’s magazine to bring feminism and the issues of the women’s rights movement into the mainstream. From the beginning, the editors of the magazine

  • MS (pathology)

    multiple sclerosis (MS), progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve fibres of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves, as a result of which, the transmission of nerve impulses becomes impaired, particularly

  • MS St. Louis (German ocean liner)

    MS St. Louis, German ocean liner that gained international attention in May–June 1939 when Cuba, the United States, and Canada denied entry to its more than 900 Jewish passengers, most of whom had fled Nazi Germany. Ultimately, several European countries took the refugees, though 255 of the

  • MS St. Louis (German ocean liner)

    MS St. Louis, German ocean liner that gained international attention in May–June 1939 when Cuba, the United States, and Canada denied entry to its more than 900 Jewish passengers, most of whom had fled Nazi Germany. Ultimately, several European countries took the refugees, though 255 of the

  • MS-13 (international criminal gang)

    Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), international gang involved in drug and human smuggling, prostitution, murder, and extortion, among other illegal activities. It was founded in Los Angeles in the 1980s by immigrants from El Salvador and later spread throughout the United States, Central America, and

  • MS-DOS (operating system)

    MS-DOS, the dominant operating system for the personal computer (PC) throughout the 1980s. The acquisition and marketing of MS-DOS were pivotal in the Microsoft Corporation’s transition to software industry giant. American computer programmer Timothy Paterson, a developer for Seattle Computer

  • MS. Found in a Bottle (story by Poe)

    MS. Found in a Bottle, short story by Edgar Allan Poe, published in the Baltimore weekly Saturday Visiter (October 1833) as the winner of a contest held by the magazine. The story, one of Poe’s first notable works, was later published in the two-volume Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840).

  • Ms. Marvel (fictional character)

    Captain Marvel: From Ms. Marvel to Captain Marvel and back: …these early appearances, Danvers and Ms. Marvel were essentially separate individuals, and Danvers experienced blackouts whenever she transformed into her superheroic persona. With Ms. Marvel no. 3 (March 1977), X-Men writer Chris Claremont took over the title, and he began integrating the two personalities.

  • Ms. Marvel (American television miniseries)

    Captain Marvel: From Ms. Marvel to Captain Marvel and back: …the critically acclaimed Disney+ miniseries Ms. Marvel (2022). Iman Vellani, who played the title character in Ms. Marvel, was the breakout star of The Marvels (2023), a lively cosmic romp that saw the return of Larson as Captain Marvel and Teyonah Parris as Monica Rambeau.

  • MSA

    hinterland: …a metropolitan hinterland is the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as designated by the U.S. Census Bureau. MSA’s are comprised of a central city, defined by the corporate limits; an urbanized, built-up area contiguous to the central city; and a non-urbanized area, delimited on a county basis, economically tied to the…

  • MSA (political party, Republic of the Congo)

    Republic of the Congo: Congo since independence: …parties existed at independence: the African Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialiste Africain; MSA) and the Democratic Union for the Defense of African Interests (Union Démocratique pour la Défense des Intérêts Africains; UDDIA). The two parties pitted the north against the south, an opposition that stemmed from the privileged place occupied by…

  • Msaho (Mozambican literary journal)

    African literature: Portuguese: In 1952 another journal, Msaho, began publication; it included works by such poets as Alberto Lacerda and Noémia de Sousa. Marcelino dos Santos (Kalungano) wrote poetry steeped in African tradition, while Rui Nogar’s poetry captured the atmosphere of Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. José Craveirinha consciously evolved new poetic…

  • Msaken (town, Tunisia)

    Masākin, town located in eastern Tunisia, on Al-Sāḥil (Sahel), the coastal strip, 7 miles (11 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. A road and rail junction, the town is also a centre for olive growing and processing, flour milling, and weaving. Its buildings, typical of the area, are constructed mostly

  • MSB (naval vessel)

    minesweeper: minesweeping force was the minesweeping boat; this vessel was completely nonmagnetic, equipped to sweep contact, magnetic, or acoustic mines, and was operated by a crew of six enlisted men. Helicopter minesweepers were also developed; these aircraft hover safely over the sea while towing minesweeping gear that explodes magnetic or…

  • MSC (United States Navy)

    Military Sealift Command (MSC), division within the U.S. Navy charged with delivering supplies to bases and ships worldwide through the operation of a wide variety of resupply, transport, and auxiliary ships. MSC was founded in 1949 and grew out of the Military Sea Transportation Service, which was

  • MSE (statistics)

    statistics: Significance testing: …in a similar manner, the mean square due to error, MSE, is computed by dividing SSE by its degrees of freedom. An F-test based on the ratio MSR/MSE can be used to test the statistical significance of the overall relationship between the dependent variable and the set of independent variables.…

  • MSE (mathematics)

    mean squared error (MSE), the average squared difference between the value observed in a statistical study and the values predicted from a model. When comparing observations with predicted values, it is necessary to square the differences as some data values will be greater than the prediction (and

  • MSG (chemical compound)

    monosodium glutamate (MSG), white crystalline substance, a sodium salt of the amino acid glutamic acid, that is used to intensify the natural flavour of certain foods. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is an important ingredient in the cuisines of China and Japan and is used commercially in broths, soups,

  • MSG symptom complex (medical condition)

    carboxylic acid: Amino acids: …is commonly known as “Chinese restaurant syndrome,” because MSG has been a widely used ingredient in the cuisine of many Chinese restaurants.

  • MSH

    melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), any of several peptides derived from a protein known as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and secreted primarily by the pituitary gland. In most vertebrates, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) peptides are secreted specifically by the intermediate lobe of the

  • Msham, Mwana Kupona binti (Kenyan poet)

    African literature: Swahili: …first prominent Swahili female poet, Mwana Kupona binti Msham. Love poetry, like other poetry, was sung with or without musical accompaniment. The epic of the legendary figure Fumo Liyongo wa Bauri, who likely lived during the 12th century, was created by Muhammad Kijumwa (Utenzi wa Fumo Liyongo [1913; “The Epic…

  • Mshattā (palace, Middle East)

    Islamic arts: Palaces: …Says, Khirbat Minyah, Khirbat al-Mafjar, Mshattā, Qaṣr ʿAmrah, Qaṣr al-Kharānah, and Qaṣr al-Ṭūbah. Apparently, those examples of princely architecture belong to a group of more than 60 ruined or only textually identifiable rural complexes erected by Umayyad princes. In the past a romantic theory had developed about their locations, suggesting…

  • Mshweshwe (African chief)

    Moshoeshoe was the founder and first paramount chief of the Sotho (Basuto, Basotho) nation. One of the most successful Southern African leaders of the 19th century, Moshoeshoe combined aggressive military counteraction and adroit diplomacy against colonial invasions. He created a large African

  • Msi (African leader)

    Ndebele: …Ndebele traces its ancestry to Musi, or Msi, who, with his followers, diverged from a small group of Nguni people migrating down the southeastern coast of Africa and eventually settled in the Transvaal at the site of modern Pretoria. The descendants of Musi’s people were joined in the 18th and…

  • MSI (political party, Italy)

    National Alliance, former nationalist anticommunist political party of Italy. Historically, some of its members held neofascist views. The MSI was formed in 1946 by supporters of former Italian leader Benito Mussolini from elements of the defunct Uomo Qualunque (Average Man) Party that had appeared

  • MSI Cellular Investments (company)

    Mo Ibrahim: …Investments, which was later renamed Celtel International. He created a business plan that was built around the idea that no bribes would be given or accepted by him and his cofounders, in stark contrast to standard dealings among many African companies. Celtel expanded quickly to become one of the largest…

  • Msiri (African ruler)

    Msiri was an African ruler, one of the most successful of the 19th-century immigrant adventurers and state builders in Central Africa. About 1856 Msiri settled in southern Katanga with a few Nyamwezi followers, and by about 1870 he had succeeded in taking over most of this valuable copper region

  • MSL (Mars rover)

    Curiosity, U.S. robotic vehicle, designed to explore the surface of Mars, which determined that Mars was once capable of supporting life. The rover was launched by an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on November 26, 2011, and landed in Gale crater on Mars on August 6, 2012. Curiosity is

  • MSM (political party, Mauritius)

    Mauritius: Political process and security: …Militant Mauricien; MMM), and the Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialiste Militant; MSM). The MLP and the MSM generally compete for the dominant Hindu vote, although they both have supporters in all communities. The MMM has its base in the minorities—the Creoles, Muslims, and non-Hindi-speaking Indian communities (especially the Tamils and…

  • MSNBC (American corporation)

    MSNBC, American cable television news and political commentary channel launched in 1996. It is owned by NBCUniversal, which is a subsidiary of Comcast. MSNBC is generally considered to be liberal or left-leaning. MSNBC was formed as a joint venture between Microsoft and NBC, and it began

  • MSR (statistics)

    statistics: Significance testing: The mean square due to regression, denoted MSR, is computed by dividing SSR by a number referred to as its degrees of freedom; in a similar manner, the mean square due to error, MSE, is computed by dividing SSE by its degrees of freedom. An F-test…

  • MSS (Chinese government agency)

    intelligence: China: …is the province of the MSS. The organization of the MSS is similar to that of the former KGB, with bureaus responsible for foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, and the collection of scientific and technical intelligence. Chinese intelligence operations are conducted by officers under diplomatic cover as well as under nonofficial cover…

  • MST (Brazilian social movement)

    Landless Workers Movement (MST), Brazilian social movement seeking agrarian reform through land expropriation. The Landless Workers Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra; MST) is one of the largest and most-influential social movements in Latin America. Thousands of Brazilian

  • MST3K (American television program)

    Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K), American television comedy show and cult classic that aired on several cable channels (1988–99) and Netflix (2017–18) before finding a home on its own streaming platform in 2022. The show focuses on the zany exploits of a human and several sentient robots who

  • MSUD (pathology)

    maple syrup urine disease, inherited metabolic disorder involving leucine, isoleucine, and valine (a group of branch chain amino acids). Normally, these amino acids are metabolized, step by step, by a number of enzymes, each of which is specific for each step in the metabolism of each amino acid.

  • mSv (physics)

    sievert: …various applications, and so the millisievert (mSv), which equals 1/1,000 sievert, is frequently used instead. One millisievert corresponds to 10 ergs of energy of gamma radiation transferred to one gram of living tissue. The sievert was recommended in 1977 by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) as…

  • MSW (waste management)

    refuse, nonhazardous solid waste that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site. Refuse includes garbage and rubbish. Garbage is mostly decomposable food waste or yard waste that is highly putrescible, while rubbish is mostly dry material such as glass, paper, cloth, or

  • Mswati II (Southern African king)

    Mswati II was a Southern African king and son of Sobhuza I. Mswati II was the greatest of the Dlamini-Ngwane kings, and the Swazi (as the Dlamini-Ngwane came to be called) take their name from him. He extended his kingdom northward into Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), including territory since lost by the

  • Mswati III (king of Eswatini)

    Mswati III is a member of the Swazi royal family who became king of Swaziland in 1986. Born to King Sobhuza II and one of his wives, Ntombi Twala, he was given the title of Prince Makhosetive (King of All Nations). The young prince was one of more than 60 sons that Sobhuza had with his many wives.

  • Mswazi (Southern African king)

    Mswati II was a Southern African king and son of Sobhuza I. Mswati II was the greatest of the Dlamini-Ngwane kings, and the Swazi (as the Dlamini-Ngwane came to be called) take their name from him. He extended his kingdom northward into Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), including territory since lost by the

  • MSzMP (political party, Hungary)

    Hungary: Overview: …it was reorganized as the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party, which survived until the fall of communism in 1989.

  • MSzP (political party, Hungary)

    Hungarian Socialist Party (MSzP), left-wing Hungarian political party. Although the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSzP) was founded in 1989, its origins date to 1948, when the Hungarian Social Democratic Party merged into what was first called the Hungarian Workers’ Party and then, following the

  • mT (atmospheric science)

    air mass: The maritime Tropical (mT) is the most important moisture-bearing and rain-producing air mass throughout the year. In winter it moves poleward and is cooled by the ground surface. Consequently, it is characterized by fog or low stratus or stratocumulus clouds, with drizzle and poor visibility. A steep lapse…

  • Mt (chemical element)

    meitnerium (Mt), an artificially produced element belonging to the transuranium group, atomic number 109. It is predicted to have chemical properties resembling those of iridium. The element is named in honour of Austrian-born physicist Lise Meitner. In 1982 West German physicists at the Institute

  • mT air mass (atmospheric science)

    air mass: The maritime Tropical (mT) is the most important moisture-bearing and rain-producing air mass throughout the year. In winter it moves poleward and is cooled by the ground surface. Consequently, it is characterized by fog or low stratus or stratocumulus clouds, with drizzle and poor visibility. A steep lapse…

  • Mt. Gox (Bitcoin exchange)

    Bitcoin: …revealed in February 2014 when Mt. Gox, which had been the world’s third largest Bitcoin exchange, declared bankruptcy because of the theft of about 650,000 Bitcoins, then valued at about $380 million.

  • Mt. Healthy City Board v. Doyle (law case)

    Mt. Healthy City Board v. Doyle, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on January 11, 1977, ruled (9–0) that an Ohio public school teacher’s dismissal by a school board—which cited conduct that was protected by the First and Fourteenth amendments—would not be unconstitutional if the board could

  • MTA (public-transit authority, Los Angeles, California, United States)

    Los Angeles: Transportation of Los Angeles: …creating the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) to build and operate such a system.

  • mtama (grain)

    sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), cereal grain plant of the grass family (Poaceae) and its edible starchy seeds. The plant likely originated in Africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food; grass sorghums, grown for hay and fodder; and

  • MTBE (chemical compound)

    natural gas: Applications: …methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), an oxygenated fuel additive added to gasoline in order to raise its octane number, is produced via chemical reaction of methanol and isobutylene over an acidic ion-exchange resin.

  • mTBI (medical condition)

    concussion, a temporary loss of brain function typically resulting from a relatively mild injury to the brain, not necessarily associated with unconsciousness. Concussion is among the most commonly occurring forms of traumatic brain injury and is sometimes referred to as mild traumatic brain injury

  • MTCA (American organization)

    Preparedness Movement: In February 1916 the Military Training Camps Association (MTCA) was created to lobby for and facilitate preparedness.

  • MTCR (international organization)

    Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), an informal association of countries dedicated to nonproliferation of unmanned weapons systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The members (called “partners”) of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) also seek to coordinate

  • mtDNA (genetics)

    horse: Origin of horse domestication: Results of studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited only from the mother, showed a great deal of diversity among individuals and strongly supported the idea that wild horses from many different geographic areas contributed to the domestic horse. The mtDNA data clearly indicated that there were multiple…

  • Mtetwa (historical state, Africa)

    Mthethwa, important chieftaincy and small historical state of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, located south of the lower Mfolozi River in the northeastern part of the present-day province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Under chiefs from the Nyambose lineage, particularly Jobe and his son

  • MTF (United States survey)

    drug use: Extent of contemporary drug abuse: …and Health (NSDUH) and the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey (also called National High School Senior Survey). The MTF tracks drug use and attitudes toward drugs among students in the 8th, 10th, and 12th grades. The NSDUH tracks the prevalence of drug use among persons age 12 and older across…

  • Mthatha (South Africa)

    Mthatha, town, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. It was the capital of Transkei, a nominally independent but not internationally recognized southern African republic that was reincorporated into South Africa in 1994. Located on the Mthatha (“The Taker”) River (so named because of its destructive

  • Mthethwa (historical state, Africa)

    Mthethwa, important chieftaincy and small historical state of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, located south of the lower Mfolozi River in the northeastern part of the present-day province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Under chiefs from the Nyambose lineage, particularly Jobe and his son

  • MTI radar

    Henri-Gaston Busignies: …participated in the development of moving-target indication (MTI) radar, which allows detection of a moving object, such as an aircraft, when its echo is masked by large, unwanted echoes from land or sea clutter. Busignies retired from ITT in 1975 as a senior vice president.

  • Mtila, Joyce Hilda (president of Malawi)

    Joyce Banda is a Malawian politician who served as vice president (2009–12) and president (2012–14) of Malawi. She was the first woman to serve as head of state anywhere in Southern Africa. Banda’s official government profile states that she obtained a bachelor’s degree from Atlantic International

  • Mtintso, Thenjiwe (South African activist and journalist)

    Thenjiwe Mtintso is a South African antiapartheid activist and journalist who occupied various leadership positions within the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP) and later served in multiracial governments in South Africa from 1994. Mtintso was the daughter

  • Mtkvari River (river, Asia)

    Kura River, river in Turkey, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. The Kura is the largest river in Transcaucasia. It rises on the slopes of Mount Kısırındağı in extreme eastern Turkey and cuts northward through the Lesser Caucasus range in a series of gorges with many rapids. Some distance after entering

  • MTLD (revolutionary movement, Algeria)

    Ahmed Messali Hadj: …reemerge in 1946 as the Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertés Démocratiques (MTLD; Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties). His influence, however, declined dramatically in the postwar period. In 1954 he formed the Mouvement National Algérian (Algerian National Movement), but this organization was unable to compete with the Front…

  • MTM Enterprises (American television production company)

    Steven Bochco: …and for Mary Tyler Moore’s MTM Enterprises (1978–85) before forming his own production company in 1987. Bochco cocreated, wrote for, and produced such successful television dramas as Hill Street Blues (1981–87), L.A. Law (1986–94), and NYPD Blue (1993–2005), and he won several Emmy Awards for his scripts. His later projects

  • mTOR (enzyme)

    aging: Genetics and life span: …mammalian target of rapamycin, or mTOR, which is involved in regulating growth and life span. The ability of rapamycin to inhibit the mTOR cell-signaling pathway is suspected to underlie the drug’s ability to extend the life span of mice.

  • MTP joint (anatomy)

    joint disease: Degenerative joint disease: The first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, located between the big toe and the rest of the foot, naturally bears heavy loads and is a common site of osteoarthritis. Regular wearing of high-heeled shoes and repetitive microtrauma are associated with the development of osteoarthritis of the first MTP joint.…

  • MTS

    mobile telephone: Development of cellular systems: …1946, with the introduction of mobile telephone service (MTS) by the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T). In the U.S. MTS system, a user who wished to place a call from a mobile phone had to search manually for an unused channel before placing the call. The user then spoke…

  • MTS (Soviet institution)

    machine-tractor station, in the Soviet Union, state-owned institution that rented heavy agricultural machinery (e.g., tractors and combines) to a group of neighbouring kolkhozy (collective farms) and supplied skilled personnel to operate and repair the equipment. The stations, which became

  • MTS1 (gene)

    cancer: Other tumor suppressor genes: …the tumor suppressor gene called MTS1 (from multiple tumor suppressor), which also goes awry in a variety of sporadic tumors. MTS1 codes for a protein called p16. When functioning properly, the p16 protein prevents the cell cycle from progressing from the G1 stage to the S stage through an interaction…