Süleyman the Magnificent was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 who not only undertook bold military campaigns that enlarged his realm but also oversaw the development of what came to be regarded as the most characteristic achievements of Ottoman civilization in the fields of law,

Muhu, archipelago and island, Estonia, separating the Gulf of Riga from the Baltic Sea. The archipelago’s three main islands are Saaremaa, the largest, in the south; Hiiumaa in the north; and Muhu, the smallest, in the east nearest the mainland. Navigable straits separate the islands from each

Mozambique: The arts: Malangatana and the muralist Mankew Valente Muhumana have inspired the formation of artist cooperatives, particularly around Maputo; among the most prominent of these is the Nucleo de Arte, which operates a gallery and offers workshops throughout the year.

Ibn al-ʿArabī was a celebrated Muslim mystic-philosopher who gave the esoteric, mystical dimension of Islamic thought its first full-fledged philosophic expression. His major works are the monumental Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyyah (“The Meccan Revelations”) and Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam (1229; “The Bezels of

Abū Kālījār al-Marzubān was a ruler of the Buyid dynasty from 1024, who for a brief spell reunited the Buyid territories in Iraq and Iran. When his father, Sulṭān al-Dawlah, died in December 1023/January 1024, Abū Kālījār’s succession to the sultan’s Iranian possessions of Fārs and Khuzistan was

Point Ke Ga, the easternmost point of Vietnam, lying along the South China Sea. The promontory, rising to 2,316 feet (706 m) above the sea, lies southeast of Tuy Hoa and is a continuation of a massive southwest-northeast–trending granite spur of the Annamese Cordillera. Ke Ga is also the name of

Point Ke Ga, the easternmost point of Vietnam, lying along the South China Sea. The promontory, rising to 2,316 feet (706 m) above the sea, lies southeast of Tuy Hoa and is a continuation of a massive southwest-northeast–trending granite spur of the Annamese Cordillera. Ke Ga is also the name of

Monaghan, one of the three counties of Ireland forming part of the historic province of Ulster that now projects northward into Northern Ireland. Most of the county’s northern boundary winds through cultivated lowlands except on Slieve Beagh, a desolate upland rising to 1,221 feet (372 metres). For

Glacier Bay: Muir Glacier, formerly the most famous of the tidewater glaciers, once rose 265 feet (81 metres) above the water and was nearly 2 miles (3 km) wide; it has shrunk and receded and no longer reaches the sea. Johns Hopkins Glacier is now the largest…

Muir Woods National Monument, one of the two virgin stands of coastal redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) in northern California, U.S., administered by the U.S. National Park Service (the other being Redwood National Park). The small groves of the giant trees lie near the Pacific Ocean coast at the

Edwin Muir was a literary critic, translator, and one of the chief Scottish poets of his day writing in English. The son of a crofter, Muir received his education in Kirkwall. After his marriage (1919) to Willa Anderson, Muir went to London where he wrote literary reviews; he later taught English

John Muir was a Scottish-born American naturalist, writer, and advocate of U.S. forest conservation, who was largely responsible for the establishment of Sequoia National Park and Yosemite National Park, which are located in California. He and other conservationists founded the Sierra Club in 1892.

Celtic literature: Bardic verse: …bardic family of Ó Dálaigh, Muireadhach Albanach, left a fine elegy on the death of his wife, as well as a stirring defense of his action in killing a tax collector. The courtly love themes, introduced into Irish literature by Norman invaders in the 12th century, were used with native…

Chibcha, South American Indians who at the time of the Spanish conquest occupied the high valleys surrounding the modern cities of Bogotá and Tunja in Colombia. With a population of more than 500,000, they were notable for being more centralized politically than any other South American people

Fakhr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī: …some Muslims as a major “renewer of the faith.” According to tradition, one such was due to appear each century, and al-Ghazālī had been the one immediately before ar-Rāzī. His aim, like al-Ghazālī’s, was doubtless to be a revitalizer and reconciler in Islām, but he did not have al-Ghazālī’s originality,…

Shaykh Aḥmad Sirhindī was an Indian mystic and theologian who was largely responsible for the reassertion and revival in India of orthodox Sunnite Islam as a reaction against the syncretistic religious tendencies prevalent during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar. Shaykh Aḥmad, who through his

mujāhadah, (Arabic: “striving”), in Sufism, struggle with the carnal self; the word is related to jihad (struggle), which is often understood as “holy war.” The Sufis refer to mujāhadah as al-jihād al-akbar (the greater war) in contrast to al-jihād al-aṣghar (the minor war), which is waged against

Iran: The Iran-Iraq War (1980–88): …also provided support to the Mojāhedīn-e Khalq, now headquartered in Iraq. The Mojāhedīn launched a campaign of sporadic and highly demoralizing bombings throughout Iran that killed many clerics and government leaders. In June 1981 a dissident Islamist faction (apparently unrelated to the Mojāhedīn) bombed the headquarters of the Islamic Republican…

mujahideen, in its broadest sense, Muslims who fight on behalf of the faith or the Muslim community (ummah). Its Arabic singular, mujāhid, was not an uncommon personal name from the early Islamic period onward. The term did not gain popular currency as a collective or plural noun referring to “holy

India: Bahmanī consolidation of the Deccan: …when his son and successor, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Mujāhid (reigned 1375–78), was assassinated by his cousin Dāʾūd while returning from a campaign in Vijayanagar. Dāʾūd was in turn murdered by ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn’s partisans, who then set Dāʾūd’s brother Muḥammad II (reigned 1378–97) on the throne and blinded Dāʾūd’s son. These political…

mujahideen, in its broadest sense, Muslims who fight on behalf of the faith or the Muslim community (ummah). Its Arabic singular, mujāhid, was not an uncommon personal name from the early Islamic period onward. The term did not gain popular currency as a collective or plural noun referring to “holy

mujahideen, members of a number of guerrilla groups operating in Afghanistan during the Afghan War (1978–92) that opposed the invading Soviet forces and eventually toppled the Afghan communist government. Rival factions thereafter fell out among themselves, precipitating the rise of one faction,

mujahideen, in its broadest sense, Muslims who fight on behalf of the faith or the Muslim community (ummah). Its Arabic singular, mujāhid, was not an uncommon personal name from the early Islamic period onward. The term did not gain popular currency as a collective or plural noun referring to “holy

history of Arabia: Quraysh: …generations before the Prophet Muhammad”) Quṣayy ibn Kilāb, called al-Mujammiʿ (“The Unifier”), is credited with having brought together scattered groups of Bedouin and installed them in Mecca. They took over a role that had long before been played by Minaeans and Nabataeans, controlling the west coast trade routes; they sent…

Jorge Edwards: …“Wax Museum”), a political allegory; La mujer imaginaria (1985; “The Imaginary Woman”), about the liberation of an upper-class, middle-aged female artist; El anfitrión (1987; “The Host”), a modern retelling of the Faust story; El origen del mundo (1996; “The Origins of the World”), which centres on leftist Chilean expatriates in…

Carmen Laforet: …1951 is strongly reflected in La mujer nueva (1955; “The New Woman”), in which a worldly woman rediscovers her faith. Although that novel received the Menorca Prize in 1955 and the Miguel de Cervantes Prize the following year, many critics consider its main character unrealistic and its statement of faith…

Spanish literature: Women poets: …and Mujer sin Edén (1947; Woman Without Eden). The latter implicitly equated the fall of the Spanish Republican government with the Fall of Man, also using Cain and Abel motifs to symbolize the country’s Civil War. Slightly younger, María Concepción Zardoya González, who wrote under the name Concha Zardoya, published…

Pedro Almodóvar: Films: …un ataque de nervios (1988; Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown) won international acclaim, including an Academy Award nomination for best foreign-language film.

Shakira: The Voice, 2020 SuperBowl performance, and later releases: …first album in seven years, Las mujeres ya no lloran, which features several songs that had proved themselves as hits in 2022 and 2023. These included “Te felicito” with Rauw Alejandro and a searing diss track aimed at her ex-boyfriend Gerard Piqué following their breakup called “Shakira: Bzrp Music Sessions,…

Mujibur Rahman was a Bengali leader who became the president (1971–72; 1975) and prime minister (1972–75) of Bangladesh. Mujib, the son of a middle-class landowner, studied law and political science at the Universities of Calcutta and Dacca (now Dhaka). Although jailed briefly as a teenager for

José Mujica is an Uruguayan politician who served as president of Uruguay (2010–15) after being long imprisoned for his guerrilla activities with the Tupamaro revolutionary organization. Mujica was born to parents of modest means and grew up in a neighbourhood on the outskirts of Montevideo. In the

Manuel Mujica Láinez was a popular Argentine writer whose novels and short stories are best known for their masterful and fascinating blend of myth and fantasy with historical figures and events. Mujica Láinez was descended from an Argentine family that included the writers Juan Cruz Varela and

José Mujica is an Uruguayan politician who served as president of Uruguay (2010–15) after being long imprisoned for his guerrilla activities with the Tupamaro revolutionary organization. Mujica was born to parents of modest means and grew up in a neighbourhood on the outskirts of Montevideo. In the

Shiʿi: Shiʿi dynasties: >mujtahid, someone trained and therefore qualified to undertake ijtihād). By contrast, those affiliated with the Akhbārī school argued for greater recourse to the statements of the imams (called akhbār) and more limited, if any, reliance on ijtihād. The latter did, however, accept the authoritative position…

Mujur rug, any of the prayer rugs handwoven in Mucur (Mujur, or Mudjar), a village near Kırşehir in central Turkey. As have the designs of Makri rugs, the designs of Mujur prayer rugs have been likened to those on the medieval stained-glass windows of European churches. The characteristic design in

Zimbabwe: Succession: One potential successor was Joice Mujuru, one of Zimbabwe’s two vice presidents and a ZANU-PF stalwart who was celebrated for her role in the guerrilla war against Smith’s white-minority government. After decades of service in various government roles, she had become an influential member of ZANU-PF and was well…

Mukacheve, city, western Ukraine, on the Latoritsa (Latoritsya) River. Its location controls the southern approach to a major pass across the Carpathian Mountains, today followed by road and rail. This position gave Mukacheve a key fortress role in the region known as Subcarpathian Ruthenia and

Mukacheve, city, western Ukraine, on the Latoritsa (Latoritsya) River. Its location controls the southern approach to a major pass across the Carpathian Mountains, today followed by road and rail. This position gave Mukacheve a key fortress role in the region known as Subcarpathian Ruthenia and

Mukacheve, city, western Ukraine, on the Latoritsa (Latoritsya) River. Its location controls the southern approach to a major pass across the Carpathian Mountains, today followed by road and rail. This position gave Mukacheve a key fortress role in the region known as Subcarpathian Ruthenia and

Mukai Chiaki is a Japanese doctor and astronaut, the first Japanese woman to travel into space. Mukai earned a doctorate in medicine in 1977 and a doctorate in physiology in 1988 from Keiō University School of Medicine in Tokyo. Mukai was working as a heart surgeon in Japan when the National Space

Mukai Kyorai was a Japanese haiku poet of the early Tokugawa period (1603–1867) who was one of the first disciples of the haiku master Matsuo Bashō. Kyorai first trained as a samurai, but at age 23 he gave up martial service and turned to the writing of poetry. In 1684 he made the acquaintance of

Mukai Kyorai was a Japanese haiku poet of the early Tokugawa period (1603–1867) who was one of the first disciples of the haiku master Matsuo Bashō. Kyorai first trained as a samurai, but at age 23 he gave up martial service and turned to the writing of poetry. In 1684 he made the acquaintance of

Al-Mukallā, port, southeastern Yemen, on the Hadhramaut coast of the Gulf of Aden. The largest settlement and the only important port in the eastern part of the country, it is a centre of the fishing industry and has a fish-canning plant and a fish meal factory. It is also a marketplace for the

Islamic arts: Mime shows: Called meddah (eulogist) or mukallit (imitator) in Turkish, the mimic had many similarities to his Classical Greek forerunners. Basically, he was a storyteller who used mimicry as a comic element, designed to appeal to his largely uneducated audience. By gesture and word he would imitate animals,…

Haya: …under a ruler called the mukama. Traditionally, rulers appointed subordinate chiefs and officials from both royal and commoner clans.

David al-Mukammas was a Syrian philosopher and polemicist, regarded as the father of Jewish medieval philosophy. A young convert to Christianity, al-Mukammas studied at the Syriac academy of Nisibis but became disillusioned with its doctrines and wrote two famous polemics against the Christian

David al-Mukammas was a Syrian philosopher and polemicist, regarded as the father of Jewish medieval philosophy. A young convert to Christianity, al-Mukammas studied at the Syriac academy of Nisibis but became disillusioned with its doctrines and wrote two famous polemics against the Christian

Rwanda: Sports and recreation: …in Los Angeles, where runner Marcianne Mukamurenzi attracted international attention for her unorthodox training regimen; while working as a mail carrier and messenger for the Rwandan Ministry of Youth, Sport, and Culture, she sped from one destination to the next, making deliveries across Kigali’s hilly terrain entirely on foot. Though…

Najāḥid Dynasty: ʿAlī’s son al-Mukarram, however, heavily influenced by his mother, took Zabīd c. 1083, forcing the Najāḥids to flee again. Saʿīd regained power briefly (1086–88) but was finally murdered by al-Mukarram’s wife as-Sayyidah. Jayyāsh, meanwhile, had fled to India. He returned in disguise and assumed power with little…

history of Arabia: Sabaeans: …the rulers adopted the title mukarrib, now generally thought to mean “unifier” (with allusion to the process of expansion of Sabaean influence over neighbouring communities). Persons other than the rulers never used this title in their texts but referred to the rulers by their regnal styles or occasionally as “king…

Martyrs of Uganda: Joseph Mukasa, an important member of the royal household and a Catholic, reproached the kabaka for the massacre, and, on November 15 of that year, Mwanga had Mukasa beheaded.

Michael Mukasey is an American lawyer and judge who served as attorney general of the United States (2007–09). Mukasey attended Columbia University (B.A., 1963) and Yale Law School (J.D., 1967). After working in private practice from 1967 to 1972, he served as an assistant U.S. attorney in New York

Ottoman Empire: Institutional evolution: …administrative and financial organization, the mukâṭaʾa, which associated each office with a source of revenues and made each official the collector of his own salary. At the same time it circumscribed his administrative powers to those tasks directly involved with the financial function. It was relatively simple for the Ottomans…

Shenyang, capital of Liaoning sheng (province), China, and the largest city in the Northeast (formerly Manchuria). It is one of China’s greatest industrial centres. Shenyang is situated in the southern portion of the vast Northeast (Manchurian) Plain just north of the Hun River, a major tributary

Mukden Incident, seizure of the Manchurian city of Mukden (now Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China) by Japanese troops on September 18, 1931. It was followed by the Japanese invasion of all of Manchuria and the establishment of the Japanese-dominated state of Manchukuo (Manzhouguo) in the area. Most

Battle of Mukden, battle fought between forces of Imperial Russia and Japan from February 20 to March 10, 1905, at Mukden (Shenyang in northeast China) during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). The battle, the last land engagement of the war, was one of the largest fought before World War I, with

Subroto Mukerjee was an Indian military officer and the first Indian commander of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Mukerjee was the youngest of four children in the family of a civil servant in the colonial British administration in India. He was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), and the family lived in

Mocha, town, southwestern Yemen, on the Red Sea and the Tihāmah coastal plain. Yemen’s most renowned historic port, it lies at the head of a shallow bay between two headlands, with an unprotected anchorage 1.5 miles (2.5 km) offshore. It was long famous as Arabia’s chief coffee-exporting centre;

Belarus: Drainage: …Belarus is drained by the Mukhavyets, a tributary of the Bug (Buh) River, which forms part of the border with Poland and flows to the Baltic Sea. The Mukhavyets and Pripet are linked by a ship canal, thereby connecting the Baltic and Black seas. The rivers are generally frozen from…

Bharati Mukherjee was an Indian-born American novelist and short-story writer who delineated in her writing the cultural changes and alienation in the immigrant experience. Mukherjee was born into a wealthy Calcutta (now Kolkata) family. She attended an Anglicized Bengali school from 1944 to 1948.

Hrishikesh Mukherjee was an Indian filmmaker who, in a Bollywood career that spanned more than four decades (1953–98), directed 43 Hindi-language films. He is counted among the greatest of Indian filmmakers and is regarded as a pioneer of “middle cinema,” which depicted the lives and struggles of

Pranab Mukherjee was an Indian politician and government official who served as president of India (2012–17). He succeeded Pratibha Patil (served 2007–12), India’s first woman president. Mukherjee’s father, Kamada Kinkar Mukherjee, was deeply involved in India’s struggle for independence from Great

Pranab Mukherjee was an Indian politician and government official who served as president of India (2012–17). He succeeded Pratibha Patil (served 2007–12), India’s first woman president. Mukherjee’s father, Kamada Kinkar Mukherjee, was deeply involved in India’s struggle for independence from Great

Siddhartha Mukherjee is an Indian-born American oncologist and writer celebrated for his effort to demystify cancer with his Pulitzer Prize-winning book The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer (2010). The work was published to wide acclaim and later formed the basis of the American film

Subroto Mukerjee was an Indian military officer and the first Indian commander of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Mukerjee was the youngest of four children in the family of a civil servant in the colonial British administration in India. He was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), and the family lived in

2002 Bali Bombings: In December 2002 Ali Ghufron (also known as Mukhlas) was arrested in Java. He confessed that he had participated in the planning of the Bali bombings, primarily as a religious guide, and had recruited two of his brothers (Ali Imron and Amrozi bin Nurhasyim) to help assemble and…

Georgia: Turkish and Persian domination: …under the viceroys of the house of Mukhran, who governed at Tbilisi under the aegis of the shahs from 1658 until 1723. The most notable Mukhranian ruler was Vakhtang VI, regent of Kartli from 1703 to 1711 and then king, with intervals, until 1723. Vakhtang was an eminent lawgiver and…

al-Mukhtār ibn Abī ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī was a Shīʿite Muslim leader who in 686 championed the unenthusiastic Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah, a son of ʿAlī (the fourth caliph in Islam), as leader of the Islamic community in opposition to the Umayyad dynasty. In his call for revolt, Mukhtār appealed to the

Uzbekistan: Cultural life: …generation of contemporary authors is Asqad Mukhtar (b. 1921), whose Socialist Realist novel Apä singillär (Sisters; original and translation published during the 1950s), has been translated into English and other languages. Mukhtar, along with others of his generation, effectively encouraged the creative efforts of younger Uzbek poets and authors, a…

Misau: …Mamman Manga (the son of Gwani Mukhtar, the Fulani warrior who had conquered Birni Ngazargamu, capital of the Bornu kingdom, in 1808 during the Fulani jihad, or holy war). He is credited with founding Misau emirate.

western Africa: Dominance of Tuareg and Amazigh tribes: …and in the person of Sīdī Mukhtār (died 1811) it had produced a spiritual leader so respected among the Muslims of the western Sudan that the Kunta were able to exercise on the quarrels between the pastoral tribes a mediating influence which was clearly to the general benefit of commerce…

North Africa: Advent of European colonialism: …the brilliant Sanūsī guerrilla leader ʿUmar al-Mukhtār. By 1939, however, the colonization of Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya by French and Italian settlers was well advanced.

Zanj rebellion: …afterward a Zanj capital, al-Mukhtārah (Arabic: the Chosen), was built on an inaccessible dry spot in the salt flats, surrounded by canals. The rebels gained control of southern Iraq by capturing al-Ubullah (June 870), a seaport on the Persian Gulf, and cutting communications to Basra, then seized Ahvāz in…

Abū al-Fidāʾ: …major works were a history, Mukhtaṣar tāʾrīkh al-bashar (“Brief History of Man”), spanning pre-Islāmic and Islāmic periods to 1329; and a geography, Taqwīm al-buldān (1321; “Locating the Lands”). Both works were compilations of other authors, arranged and added to by Abū al-Fidāʾ, rather than original treatises. Popular in their day…

Pakistan: Civil war: …came to be called the Mukhti Bhini (“Freedom Force”), took form from disaffected Bengalis in the Pakistan army and others who were prepared to fight what they now judged to be an alien army. The independent state of Bangladesh was proclaimed, and a government in exile took root in India…

peshwa, the office of chief minister among the Maratha people of India. The peshwa, also known as the mukhya pradhan, originally headed the advisory council of the raja Shivaji (reigned c. 1659–80). After Shivaji’s death the council broke up and the office lost its primacy, but it was revived when

Alalakh: …city of the district of Mukish and was incorporated within the kingdom of Yamkhad.

Ōsaka-Kōbe metropolitan area: Kōbe of the Ōsaka-Kōbe metropolitan area: …River from the town of Hyōgo, the chief port of the area. Hyōgo, also known as Ōwada and Muko, was an important port for trade with China and Korea as early as the 8th century. For many centuries it continued to be Japan’s chief port for foreign trade, prospering especially…

Anatolia: Greek colonies on the Anatolian coasts, c. 1180–547 bce: …appearance of the house of Muksas (Phoenician: Mups) in the Karatepe bilingual inscription has suggested that there may be some historical basis for these traditions, which seem to be a heritage common to both the Greeks and the original Anatolian population. Archaeological finds indicate considerable Greek colonizing activity on the…

jiva: In a pure state (mukta-jiva), they rise to the top of the universe, where they reside with other perfected beings and are never again reborn. Most jivas are, however, bound to samsara (rebirth in mundane earthly existence), because they are covered with karmas—fine particulate substances that accumulate on the…

al-Muktafī was an ʿAbbāsid caliph who reigned from 902–908 and prosecuted wars on several fronts vigorously in a period of disintegration of the Islamic empire. The son of al-Muʿtaḍid, al-Muktafī ascended to the throne in 902 with somewhat more popular support than his predecessors, thanks to his

South Asian arts: Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of Orissa: The Mukteśvara temple (10th century), which has a hall with a phāmsanā roof, is the product of the most exquisite workmanship. The enclosing wall and the arched entrance, or toraṇa, are still present, giving a clear idea of a temple with all its parts fully preserved.…

South Asian arts: Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of Orissa: The Mukteśvara temple (10th century), which has a hall with a phāmsanā roof, is the product of the most exquisite workmanship. The enclosing wall and the arched entrance, or toraṇa, are still present, giving a clear idea of a temple with all its parts fully preserved.…

moksha, in Indian philosophy and religion, liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth (samsara). Derived from the Sanskrit word muc (“to free”), the term moksha literally means freedom from samsara. This concept of liberation or release is shared by a wide spectrum of religious traditions,

Zion National Park, dramatic landscape of colourful deep canyons, high cliffs, mesas, and forested plateaus in southwestern Utah, U.S. The park lies on the northwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of the city of St. George. Cedar Breaks National Monument is nearby

narra, (genus Pterocarpus), genus of timber trees of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to Asia and Africa. Narra wood is primarily used for cabinetwork; it is usually red or rose colour, often variegated with yellow. The wood is hard and heavy, and the pattern of the grain and the colouring are

Denis Mukwege is a Congolese physician noted for his work in treating victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In 2018 he was a corecipient, with Yazīdī activist Nadia Murad, of the Nobel Prize for Peace. Mukwege grew up in Bukavu, where he first became aware of the

Sikhism: The Adi Granth and the Dasam Granth: …Adi Granth opens with the Mul Mantra, the basic statement of belief: “There is one Supreme Being, the Eternal Reality. [This Supreme Being] is the Creator, without fear and devoid of enmity, immortal, never incarnated, self-existent, known by grace through the Guru.” The Mul Mantra is followed by the only…

Daxue Mountains: …is also known as the Mula Mountains.

Dayananda Sarasvati was a Hindu ascetic and social reformer who was the founder (1875) of the Arya Samaj (Society of Aryans [Nobles]), a Hindu reform movement advocating a return to the temporal and spiritual authority of the Vedas, the earliest scriptures of India. Dayananda received the early

Battle of Al-Mulaydah, (1891), decisive victory for Ibn Rashīd, the ruler of the Rashīdī kingdom at Ḥāʾil, near Jabal Shammar in Najd, northern Arabia, who defeated allies of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, the head of the Wahhābī (fundamentalist Islamic) state in Najd. The battle marked the end of the second

Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, (Sanskrit: “Fundamentals of the Middle Way”), Buddhist text by Nāgārjuna, the exponent of the Mādhyamika (Middle Way) school of Mahāyāna Buddhism. It is a work that combines stringent logic and religious vision in a lucid presentation of the doctrine of ultimate “emptiness.”

Christina Aguilera: …“Reflection” for the Disney movie Mulan (1998), Aguilera signed a recording deal and released a self-titled debut album of dance-oriented pop music in 1999. Both the album and Aguilera’s first single, “Genie in a Bottle,” quickly climbed to the top of the Billboard pop charts, and she won the Grammy…

Christina Aguilera: …for Addams Family (2019) and Mulan (2020), respectively. In 2019 she began a residency show titled Xperience at Planet Hollywood in Las Vegas. Aguilera received numerous accolades and awards for her music, including several Grammy Awards.

Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse: Premise and summary: …Peter Porker, or Spider-Ham (John Mulaney). Miles wants to help the five other spider-heroes return to their own dimensions and to destroy the collider, but, because of his inexperience, none of them trusts him to do it. Miles must find it in himself to become his universe’s new Spider-Man—and…

Mulanje, town, southern Malawi. At the southwestern foot of Mulanje Peak, it lies on the railway to Blantyre and is the area’s commercial centre. The surrounding region borders Mozambique to the south and east and Lake Chilwa to the north. Intensive agriculture produces tea, pineapples, tung, and

African cypress: With the exception of Mulanje (or Mlanje) cedar (Widdringtonia whytei), the plants are fire-adapted and release their seeds following a wildfire, the heat of which forces the cones to open.

Mulanje Mountains, mountains in Mulanje District, southeastern Malaŵi. They rise abruptly from the surrounding plateau in an almost rectangular syenite mass measuring 12 mi (19 km) across and overlook the Lake Chilwa–Phalombe Plain to the northeast. Mulanje Peak reaches a height of 9,848 ft (3,002

mulatto, a person of mixed white and Black ancestry. The term mulatto is a legacy of attempts to establish taxonomies of race, a concept that science has shown to be socially constructed and to have no biological basis. Much of the significance of mulatto identity is grounded in the social,

African American literature: Chicago writers: … in Harlem; Hughes, whose play Mulatto (produced 1935) reached Broadway with a searching examination of miscegenation; and Ward, whose Big White Fog (produced 1938) was the most widely viewed African American drama of the period.