- muscle of Riolan (anatomy)
human eye: The muscles of the lids: …names—namely, Horner’s muscle and the muscle of Riolan; they come into close relation with the lacrimal apparatus and assist in drainage of the tears. The muscle of Riolan, lying close to the lid margins, contributes to keeping the lids in close apposition. The orbital portion of the orbicularis is not…
- muscle protein
meat processing: PSE meat: …and high temperature adversely affects muscle proteins, reducing their ability to hold water (the meat drips and is soft and mushy) and causing them to reflect light from the surface of the meat (the meat appears pale). PSE meat is especially problematic in the pork industry. It is known to…
- muscle ragged red fibre (physiology)
metabolic disease: Mitochondrial disorders: So-called muscle ragged red fibres may be seen on microscopic examination and are suggestive of mitochondrial disease, but often are not present and may be seen in other muscle disorders. Sometimes a diagnosis can be made by identifying an mtDNA mutation through molecular diagnostic techniques. However,…
- muscle relaxant (drug)
Daniel Bovet: drugs, antihistamines, and muscle relaxants.
- Muscle Shoals (river, Alabama, United States)
Muscle Shoals, section of the Tennessee River, in Colbert and Lauderdale counties, northwestern Alabama, U.S.; it was formerly a navigation hazard but is now submerged by dams. Mussels were abundant in the area, and the name given to the shoals was an obsolete form of the word mussel. Flinty,
- Muscle Shoals Studios (recording facility, Muscle Shoals, Alabama, United States)
Muscle Shoals Studios: “Land of 1000 Dances”: Muscle Shoals, Alabama, was the last place anyone wanted to go to make a record: not only was it inconvenient (the absence of direct flights from New York City or Los Angeles meant changing planes in Atlanta, Georgia, or Memphis, Tennessee), it was dry (no…
- Muscle Shoals Studios: “Land of 1000 Dances”
Muscle Shoals, Alabama, was the last place anyone wanted to go to make a record: not only was it inconvenient (the absence of direct flights from New York City or Los Angeles meant changing planes in Atlanta, Georgia, or Memphis, Tennessee), it was dry (no bars). But the determination of one man
- muscle spindle (anatomy)
human nervous system: Muscle spindles: The familiar knee-jerk reflex, tested routinely by physicians, is a spinal reflex in which a brief, rapid tap on the knee excites muscle spindle afferent neurons, which then excite the motor neurons of the stretched muscle via a single synapse in the spinal…
- muscle system (anatomy)
muscle, contractile tissue found in animals, the function of which is to produce motion. Movement, the intricate cooperation of muscle and nerve fibres, is the means by which an organism interacts with its environment. The innervation of muscle cells, or fibres, permits an animal to carry out the
- muscle system, human
human muscle system, the muscles of the human body that work the skeletal system, that are under voluntary control, and that are concerned with movement, posture, and balance. Broadly considered, human muscle—like the muscles of all vertebrates—is often divided into striated muscle (or skeletal
- muscle tone (physiology)
nervous system disease: Muscle tone: When the physician flexes or extends the joints in a normal, relaxed limb, a certain resistance, known as tone, is detected. This resistance decreases whenever the reflex arc is damaged (usually at the level of the peripheral motor or sensory nerve), but it…
- muscle tumour (pathology)
muscle tumour, abnormal tissue growth located in or originating from muscle tissue. Tumours may either arise in muscle tissue or spread to it. Three major types of muscle tumours are leiomyomas, rhabdomyomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas. A leiomyoma is a benign tumour of smooth muscles (such as those in
- muscle weakness (physiology)
muscle disease: Muscle weakness: Weakness is a failure of the muscle to develop an expected force. Weakness may affect all muscles or only a few, and the pattern of muscle weakness is an indication of the type of muscle disease. Often associated with muscle…
- Muscogee (people)
Muscogee, Muskogean-speaking Indigenous North American people who originally occupied a huge expanse of the flatlands of what are now Georgia and Alabama. The Muscogee, along with their smaller allies the Hitchiti and Alabama, were called Creek by the English settlers because of their residence
- muscone (chemistry)
musk: …odorous principle of musk is muscone (muskone), or 3-methylcyclopentadecanone. Muscone and other compounds that produce musk odour have been synthesized and used in perfumes.
- muscovite (mineral)
muscovite, abundant silicate mineral that contains potassium and aluminum. Muscovite is the most common member of the mica group. Because of its perfect cleavage, it can occur in thin, transparent, but durable sheets. Sheets of muscovite were used in Russia for windowpanes and became known as
- Muscovy (medieval principality, Russia)
Grand Principality of Moscow, medieval principality that, under the leadership of a branch of the Rurik dynasty, was transformed from a small settlement in the Rostov-Suzdal principality into the dominant political unit in northeastern Russia. Muscovy became a distinct principality during the
- Muscovy Company (English trade organization)
Muscovy Company, body of English merchants trading with Russia. The company was formed in 1555 by the navigator and explorer Sebastian Cabot and various London merchants and was granted a monopoly of Anglo-Russian trade. It was the first English joint-stock company in which the capital remained
- Muscovy duck (bird)
anseriform: Importance to humans: The muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) was domesticated in Colombia and Peru before the arrival of the conquistadores. The greylag goose (Anser anser) has been domesticated for at least 4,000 years; Egyptian frescoes of that age already show changes in shape from the natural form, and eight…
- muscular atrophy (pathology)
atrophy: Atrophy of muscle or of muscle and bone: Local atrophy of muscle, bone, or other tissues results from disuse or diminished activity or function. Although the exact mechanisms are not completely understood, decreased blood supply and diminished nutrition occur in inactive tissues. Disuse of muscle resulting from loss of motor nerve supply to the…
- Muscular Christianity (Christian ideology)
Muscular Christianity, ideology that promotes engagement in athletics as an expression of Christian ethical values and masculinity. Muscular Christianity first developed in England during the 19th century as a method to build Christian character integrity in boys. The philosophy was first espoused
- muscular disease (pathology)
muscle disease, any of the diseases and disorders that affect the human muscle system. Diseases and disorders that result from direct abnormalities of the muscles are called primary muscle diseases; those that can be traced as symptoms or manifestations of disorders of the nervous system or other
- muscular dystrophy (pathology)
muscular dystrophy, any of a group of hereditary conditions that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles. There are several types of muscular dystrophy, all of which arise from mutations in genes that encode proteins with roles in muscle structure and
- Muscular Dystrophy Association (American organization)
Bill Hicks: Early life and start in comedy: …local segment of Jerry Lewis’s Muscular Dystrophy Association telethon but were prevented from doing so by Hicks’s parents. At age 15 Hicks began sneaking out of his room at night through a window to appear onstage with Slade at a new comedy club, the Comedy Workshop. A comedic wunderkind, Hicks…
- muscular palate (human anatomy)
soft palate, in mammals, structure consisting of muscle and connective tissue that forms the roof of the posterior (rear) portion of the oral cavity. The soft palate, along with the hard palate, forms the palate, or the roof of the mouth, which separates the oral and nasal cavities. The soft palate
- musculature (anatomy)
muscle, contractile tissue found in animals, the function of which is to produce motion. Movement, the intricate cooperation of muscle and nerve fibres, is the means by which an organism interacts with its environment. The innervation of muscle cells, or fibres, permits an animal to carry out the
- musculocutaneous nerve (anatomy)
human nervous system: Brachial plexus: …forearm, are served by the musculocutaneous nerve.
- musculoepithelial cell (physiology)
muscle: Cnidarians: In the hydra the musculoepithelial cells that cover the outer surface of the body have longitudinal muscle fibres; those that line the gut cavity (the gastrodermis) have circular muscle fibres. Sea anemones have all of the muscle fibres in the gastrodermis, though some of the fibres are longitudinal and…
- Muse (Greek mythology)
Muse, in Greco-Roman religion and mythology, any of a group of sister goddesses of obscure but ancient origin, the chief center of whose cult was Mount Helicon in Boeotia, Greece. They were born in Pieria, at the foot of Mount Olympus. Very little is known of their cult, but they had a festival
- MUSE (activist group)
Bonnie Raitt: …1979 antinuclear benefit sponsored by Musicians United for Safe Energy, an organization she cofounded.
- MUSE (computer)
Tom Kilburn: …most ambitious project, MUSE, renamed Atlas when Ferranti joined the project in 1959. In parallel with two similar projects in the United States (LARC and Stretch; see supercomputer) but largely independent of them, Atlas made the massive jump from running one program at a time to multiprogramming. With multiprogramming a…
- Muse’s Looking-Glass, The (work by Randolph)
Thomas Randolph: The Muse’s Looking-Glass, a comical satire on morality, was performed at the Salisbury Court Theatre in 1630, and his pastoral Amyntas was staged at court in 1631. Randolph had a high contemporary reputation, and his poetry appeared in several collections, but his promising career was…
- Muse, The (film by Brooks [1999])
Albert Brooks: …Reynolds in the title role; The Muse (1999); and Looking for Comedy in the Muslim World (2005). He also appeared in the crime dramas Drive (2011) and A Most Violent Year (2014) and portrayed a doctor in Concussion (2015), about the discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) among professional football…
- Musée d’Orsay (museum, Paris, France)
Musée d’Orsay, national museum of fine and applied arts in Paris that features work mainly from France between 1848 and 1914. Its collection includes painting, sculpture, photography, and decorative arts and boasts such iconic works as Gustave Courbet’s The Artist’s Studio (1854–55), Édouard
- Musée de Cluny (museum, Paris, France)
Musée de Cluny, in Paris, museum of arts and crafts from the Middle Ages, including the Hôtel de Cluny, which houses the collection, and the adjoining Thermes de Cluny ancient thermal baths. The Hôtel de Cluny was built in the Gothic style in 1485 as the town residence of the abbots of Cluny. It
- Musée de Cluny, Musée National du Moyen Âge (museum, Paris, France)
Musée de Cluny, in Paris, museum of arts and crafts from the Middle Ages, including the Hôtel de Cluny, which houses the collection, and the adjoining Thermes de Cluny ancient thermal baths. The Hôtel de Cluny was built in the Gothic style in 1485 as the town residence of the abbots of Cluny. It
- Musée des Beaux Arts (poem by Auden)
Musée des Beaux Arts, poem by W.H. Auden, published in the collection Another Time (1940). In this two-stanza poem that starts “About suffering they were never wrong,/The Old Masters,” Auden comments on the general indifference to suffering in the world. Written in a tone of critical irony, the
- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Montréal (museum, Montreal, Quebec, Canada)
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, in Montreal, Canadian art museum with outstanding collections of paintings, graphics, furniture, textiles, sculpture, and the decorative and fine arts. One of North America’s finest collections of indigenous prints and carvings and Northwest Coast Indian art is
- Musée du Louvre (museum, Paris, France)
Louvre, national museum and art gallery of France, housed in part of a large palace in Paris that was built on the right-bank site of the 12th-century fortress of Philip Augustus. It is the world’s most-visited art museum, with a collection that spans work from ancient civilizations to the mid-19th
- Musée Guimet (museum, Paris, France)
Guimet Museum, museum in Paris, housing art collections from all parts of Asia. The original collection was begun in Lyon, Fr., in 1879 by Émile Guimet, donated to France in 1884, and moved to Paris in 1888. In 1945 the collections in Oriental art in the Louvre were transferred to the Guimet, and
- Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art (museum, Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
Luxembourg National Museum, national museum of Luxembourg, located in the historic centre of Luxembourg city at the Fish Market (Marché-aux-Poissons). It is housed in an extensive late Gothic and Renaissance mansion. The museum has collections of Gallo-Roman art, coins, medieval sculpture, armour,
- Musée National des Arts et Traditions Populaires (museum, Paris, France)
museum: History museums: The former National Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions in Paris exemplified a national approach within a museum building. The museum’s closure in 2005, however, suggested changing trends in an era of increased globalization. The Museum of Civilizations from Europe and the Mediterranean (Mucem) absorbed some of…
- Musée National Picasso (museum, Paris, France)
Picasso Museum, museum in Paris dedicated to showcasing the paintings, drawings, engravings, and sculptures of the Spanish-born artist Pablo Picasso. The Picasso Museum opened in Paris in 1985 with a total of 228 paintings, 149 sculptures, and nearly 3,100 drawings and engravings. The artwork was
- Musée Rodin (museum, Paris, France)
Rodin Museum, museum in Paris, France, showcasing the sculptures, drawings, and other works of the French artist Auguste Rodin and based in the Hôtel Biron. The Hôtel Biron, covering 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of land in Paris, was completed in 1730 by Jean Aubert. Rodin moved into the Hôtel Biron in
- Musées Royaux (museum, Brussels, Belgium)
René Magritte: …opened in 2009 at the Royal Museum of Fine Arts.
- Musei Capitolini (museums, Rome, Italy)
Capitoline Museums, complex of art galleries on the Capitoline Hill in Rome. The collection was initially founded in 1471 by Pope Sixtus IV, who donated statuary recovered from ancient ruins. It was augmented by gifts from later popes and, after 1870, by acquisitions from archaeological sites on
- Musei, Palazzo dei (building, Modena, Italy)
Modena: The Palazzo dei Musei houses the municipal collections, including the Este Gallery and Museum (rich in Renaissance paintings) and the Este Library, noted for its collection of illuminated manuscripts. The picture collection was given by Francesco V in 1869; the library, established by the Este family…
- müsellem (Ottoman cavalry)
Ottoman Empire: Military organization: …yayas; those organized as cavalry, müsellems. Although the new force included some Turkmens who were content to accept salaries in place of booty, most of its men were Christian soldiers from the Balkans who were not required to convert to Islam as long as they obeyed their Ottoman commanders. As…
- Muselo River (river, Mozambique)
Zambezi River: Physiography: …eastern channel splits into the Muselo River to the north and the main mouth of the Zambezi to the south. The western channel forms both the Inhamissengo River and the smaller Melambe River. North of the main delta the Chinde River separates from the Zambezi’s main stream to form a…
- Musenalmanach (literary journal)
Ludwig Heinrich Christoph Hölty: …poems in the society’s mouthpiece, Musenalmanach (“Muses’ Almanac”), encompassed a wide variety of forms. Influenced by Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,” he introduced an element of social criticism into that form by his comparison of city and village life in Elegie auf einen Dorfkirchhof and Elegie auf…
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (museum, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences, national museum (founded 1823) in Buenos Aires. It has zoological, botanical, and geological departments. The museum has about 2,000,000 exhibits and a library of more than 500,000 volumes. Areas of expertise include archaeology, botany, ecology, entomology,
- Museo Arqueológica de Barcelona e Instituto de Prehistoria y Arqueología (museum, Barcelona, Spain)
Archaeological Museum of Barcelona, institution in Barcelona, Spain, notable for its collection of prehistoric objects and for its collection of ancient Greek and Roman art and examples illustrating Iberian archaeology. Exhibits include a scale model of a part of the excavation at Ampurias
- Museo Cabrera (museum, Ica, Peru)
Ica: …city in 1961, and the Regional Museum of Ica has a collection of textiles and pottery of the Nazca culture (c. 200 bce–600 ce). Ica is connected by road to the port of Pisco 40 miles (64 km) northwest and to Paracas, a national reserve with rich fishing grounds and…
- Museo Chiaramonti (museum, Vatican City, Europe)
Vatican Museums and Galleries: The Chiaramonti Sculpture Gallery (Museo Chiaramonti), established by Pope Pius VII in the 19th century and designed by the sculptor Antonio Canova, is also devoted to ancient sculpture. It has three parts: the museum, in a gallery designed by Donato Bramante; the New Wing (Braccio Nuovo);…
- museo de cera, El (novel by Edwards)
Jorge Edwards: …during the 1973 military coup; El museo de cera (1981; “Wax Museum”), a political allegory; La mujer imaginaria (1985; “The Imaginary Woman”), about the liberation of an upper-class, middle-aged female artist; El anfitrión (1987; “The Host”), a modern retelling of the Faust story; El origen del mundo (1996; “The Origins…
- museo de los esfuerzos inútiles, El (short stories by Peri Rossi)
Cristina Peri Rossi: …de los esfuerzos inútiles (1983; The Museum of Useless Efforts) is another book of stories about estrangement. Her novels included La nave de los locos (1984; The Ship of Fools), La última noche de Dostoievski (1992; Dostoevsky’s Last Night), Desastres íntimos (1997; Intimate Disasters), and El amor es una droga…
- Museo del Prado (museum, Madrid, Spain)
Prado Museum, art museum in Madrid, housing the world’s richest and most comprehensive collection of Spanish painting, as well as masterpieces of other schools of European painting, especially Italian and Flemish art. The Prado’s building had its start in 1785 when Charles III commissioned the
- Museo delle Terme (museum, Rome, Italy)
National Roman Museum, in Rome, one of the world’s greatest museums of ancient Greco-Roman art. It was founded in 1889 and originally housed in a former monastery, probably designed by Michelangelo in the 16th century, on the site of the Baths of Diocletian. In the 1980s the museum acquired several
- Museo e Gallerie Nazionali di Capodimonte (museum, Naples, Italy)
National Museum and Galleries of Capodimonte, art museum in Naples housed in the Palazzo of Capodimonte (begun 1738). (Read Sister Wendy’s Britannica essay on art appreciation.) Charles VII, the Bourbon king of Naples and later Charles III of Spain, who set out to purchase the land at Capodimonte
- Museo Gregoriano Egizio (museum, Vatican City, Europe)
Vatican Museums and Galleries: The Egyptian Museum (Museo Gregoriano Egizio), also founded by Gregory XVI, was opened to the public in 1839. The Pinacoteca, founded by Pope Pius VI in 1797 and housed in its present gallery (commissioned by Pope Pius XI) since 1932, contains 460 paintings arranged chronologically. It…
- Museo Gregoriano Etrusco (museum, Vatican City, Europe)
Vatican Museums and Galleries: The Gregorian Etruscan Museum (Museo Gregoriano Etrusco), founded in 1836 by Pope Gregory XVI and reorganized in 1924, houses a collection of objects from Etruscan excavations and features an interactive reconstruction of the Regolini-Galassi tomb, which contained a splendid array of Etruscan jewelry. The Egyptian Museum…
- Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (museum, Madrid, Spain)
Guernica: …moved several blocks to the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (called the Reina Sofía), Spain’s newly established national museum dedicated to 20th-century art. The move was controversial as it defied Picasso’s expressed desire that the painting hang amid the Prado’s great masterpieces..
- Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología, e Historia del Perú, El (museum, Lima, Peru)
The National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History of Peru, museum in Lima, Peru, noted for its historical artifacts that showcase Peru’s cultural history. The National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History of Peru is the country’s first and largest state museum. The assembly
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (museum, Montevideo, Uruguay)
museum: The spread of the European model: …of natural history in Santiago, Chile (1830), and Montevideo, Uruguay (1837). In Canada the zoological collection of the Pictou Academy in Nova Scotia (founded in 1816) was probably opened to the public by 1822. In South Africa a museum based on the zoological collection of Andrew (later Sir Andrew) Smith…
- Museo Nazionale (museum, Taranto, Italy)
Italy: Museums and galleries: The permanent collection in the National Museum in Taranto provides one of the most important insights into the history of Magna Graecia, while the archaeological collections in the Roman National Museum in Rome and in the National Archaeological Museum in Naples are considered among the best in the world. The…
- Museo Nazionale del Bargello (museum, Florence, Italy)
Bargello Museum, art museum established in 1865 and housed in the Palazzo del Bargello (or del Podestà), Florence, which dates from the 13th and 14th centuries. Since 2014 the museum has been the leading institution of the Musei del Bargello, which comprises four other Florentine museums: the
- Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci (museum, Milan, Italy)
Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci, in Milan, museum devoted to developments in science since the 15th century, including transport, metallurgy, physics, and navigation. It is housed in the old Olivetan convent of San Vittore, which dates from the early 16th century.
- Museo Nazionale Romano (museum, Rome, Italy)
National Roman Museum, in Rome, one of the world’s greatest museums of ancient Greco-Roman art. It was founded in 1889 and originally housed in a former monastery, probably designed by Michelangelo in the 16th century, on the site of the Baths of Diocletian. In the 1980s the museum acquired several
- museo pictórico y escala óptica, El (book by Palomino)
Diego Velázquez: …español; “The Spanish Parnassus”) of El museo pictórico y escala óptica (“The Pictorial Museum and Optical Scale”), published in 1724 by the court painter and art scholar Antonio Palomino. This was based on biographical notes made by Velázquez’s pupil Juan de Alfaro, who was Palomino’s patron. The number of personal…
- Museo Pio-Clementino (museum, Vatican City, Europe)
Vatican Museums and Galleries: The Pio-Clementino Museum (Museo Pio-Clementino or Musei di Scultura) was founded in the 18th century by Pope Clement XIV and enlarged by Pope Pius VI. It exhibits the pontifical collection of ancient sculpture that originated with the collection of Pope Julius II. The Chiaramonti Sculpture Gallery…
- Museo Soumaya (museum, Mexico City, Mexico)
Carlos Slim Helú: …(1994) a not-for-profit art museum, Museo Soumaya (named for his wife), in Mexico City. In 2011 the museum moved to a larger building in the city. The new anvil-shaped structure—designed by Fernando Romero, Slim’s son-in-law—featured a facade covered in aluminum hexagons, and the interior offered 183,000 square feet (17,000 square…
- Museo Tecnológico (museum, Mexico City, Mexico)
museum: Science and technology museums: …Industry in Chicago or the Technological Museum in Mexico City, are of a more technical nature. These museums are often sponsored directly or indirectly by industries, which occasionally found their own museums in order to preserve their heritage and promote their work. Other museums highlight a specific product resulting from…
- Museo Torlonia (museum, Rome, Italy)
Torlonia Museum, private archaeological museum in Rome founded in the 18th century by Giovanni Torlonia, who assembled sculptures from Roman collections, most originally found in the city of Rome. The Torlonia Museum closed in the 1970s, and its contents were placed in storage. The museum contained
- Museographia (work by Neickel)
museum: Specialized personal collections: …less-specialized collector, works such as Museographia, by Casper F. Neickel (pseudonym of Kaspar Friedrich Jenequel), published at Leipzig in 1727, were generally available to aid in classification, care of a collection, and the identification of potential sources from which collections might be developed.
- museography
museum: Museology and museography: …the theory’s practical applications—known as museography—fell far short of expectations. Museums suffered from a conflict of purpose, with a resulting lack of clear identity. Further, the apprenticeship method of training for museum work gave little opportunity for the introduction of new ideas. This situation prevailed until other organizations began to…
- museology
museum: Museology and museography: Along with the identification of a clear role for museums in society, there gradually developed a body of theory the study of which is known as museology. For many reasons, the development of this theory was not rapid. Museum personnel were nearly…
- museos abandonados, Los (short stories by Peri Rossi)
Cristina Peri Rossi: Her award-winning Los museos abandonados (1969; “Abandoned Museums”) is a series of short stories, but some consider it to be a brief novel. (One of the features of her work is disregard for genre boundaries and conventions.) Peri Rossi’s Diáspora (1976; “Diaspora”) is a book of poetry.
- Muses Elizium, The (poem by Drayton)
English literature: Continued influence of Spenser: …idealized Elizabethan golden age (The Muses Elizium, 1630). Nostalgia was a dangerous quality under the progressive and absolutist Stuarts; the taste for Spenser involved a respect for values—traditional, patriotic, and Protestant—that were popularly, if erroneously, linked with the Elizabethan past but thought to be disregarded by the new regime.…
- Muses, Hill of the (hill, Athens, Greece)
Athens: Other notable buildings: …an observatory in 1842; the Hill of the Muses, crowned with the remains of the marble monument to Philopappus, a Syrian who was Roman consul in the 2nd century ce; and the middle hill, the Pnyx (Tightly Crowded Together), the meeting place of the Ecclesia, the assembly of 18,000 citizens…
- Muses, House of the (ancient institution, Alexandria, Egypt)
Alexandrian Museum, ancient centre of classical learning at Alexandria in Egypt. A research institute that was especially noted for its scientific and literary scholarship, the Alexandrian Museum was built near the royal palace about the 3rd century bce possibly by Ptolemy I Soter (reigned
- Muset, Colin (French trouvère)
Colin Muset was a French trouvère, a professional vielle player and jongleur, who performed in châteaus of the Upper Marne Valley between Langres and Joinville. Colin was a native of Lorraine; his poetry, skillfully written, praised the pleasures of wine and good living. He also wrote and sometimes
- musette (musical instrument)
musette, small, elegant bagpipe that was fashionable in French court circles in the 17th and 18th centuries. The bagpipe was bellows-blown, with a cylindrical double-reed chanter beside which the instrument-maker Jean Hotteterre, about 1650, placed a short stopped chanter with six keys giving notes
- Museu de Arte de São Paulo (museum, São Paulo, Brazil)
Lina Bo Bardi: Life and work in Brazil: …help establish and direct the Art Museum of São Paulo (Museu de Arte de São Paulo; MASP), the first museum in Brazil to collect and exhibit modern art. For the first iteration of the institution, which opened in 1947 in part of the building that housed Chateaubriand’s business, Bo Bardi…
- Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (museum, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
National Museum of Fine Arts, museum of art in Rio de Janeiro, formally established in 1937. The original collection was inherited from the National School of Fine Arts (formerly the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts). It comprised art from the personal collection of King John VI of Portugal; paintings
- Museum (ancient institution, Alexandria, Egypt)
Alexandrian Museum, ancient centre of classical learning at Alexandria in Egypt. A research institute that was especially noted for its scientific and literary scholarship, the Alexandrian Museum was built near the royal palace about the 3rd century bce possibly by Ptolemy I Soter (reigned
- Museum (British magazine)
history of publishing: Great Britain: …a London publisher, started the Museum (1746–47), devoted mainly to books, and Ralph Griffiths, a Nonconformist bookseller, founded The Monthly Review (1749–1845), which had the novelist and poet Oliver Goldsmith as a contributor. To oppose the latter on behalf of the Tories and the Church of England, The Critical Review…
- museum (cultural institution)
museum, institution dedicated to preserving and interpreting the primary tangible evidence of humankind and the environment. In its preserving of this primary evidence, the museum differs markedly from the library, with which it has often been compared, for the items housed in a museum are mainly
- Museum (poetry by Dove)
Rita Dove: …on the Corner (1980) and Museum (1983), as well as a volume of short stories titled Fifth Sunday (1985), Dove focused her attention on the particulars of family life and personal struggle, addressing the larger social and political dimensions of the Black experience primarily by indirection. The Pulitzer Prize-winning Thomas…
- Museum Folkwang (museum, Essen, Germany)
museum of modern art: History: These include the Museum Folkwang in Hagen, Germany, founded in 1902 by Karl Ernst Osthaus and moved to Essen in 1922; the Kröller-Müller State Museum in Otterlo, Netherlands, (1938), the result of a large donation from Helene Kröller-Müller; the Barnes Foundation Galleries in Merion, Pennsylvania, which housed Albert…
- Museum het Rembrandthuis (museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Rembrandt House Museum, museum in Amsterdam dedicated to the life and work of Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn. The Rembrandt House Museum is located in the house where Rembrandt lived from 1639 to 1658. The building was constructed in 1606–07, and Rembrandt purchased it in 1639. Financial troubles
- Museum of Art in Lima (museum, Lima, Peru)
Museum of Art in Lima (MALI), art museum in Lima, Peru, that features the art of Peru from the ancient to the contemporary. (Read Sister Wendy’s Britannica essay on art appreciation.) The Museum of Art in Lima maintains one of Peru’s broadest art collections, featuring work from pre-Columbian times
- Museum of Arts & Design (museum, New York City, New York, United States)
Museum of Arts & Design (MAD), museum in New York, N.Y., dedicated to the collection and exhibition of contemporary works and objects made from clay, glass, wood, metal, and fibre. It emphasizes craft, art, and design but is also concerned with the broader subjects of architecture, fashion,
- Museum of Contemporary Art (museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States)
Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA), art museum in Chicago devoted to the display of new and experimental art across all media. One of the largest multidisciplinary contemporary art museums in the world, the Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) houses a permanent collection of more than 2,750 works. The
- Museum of Decorative Arts (museum, Berlin, Germany)
Museum of Decorative Arts, museum in Berlin housing an important collection of applied arts and crafts. The museum, among the oldest of its kind in Germany, displays both historical and contemporary pieces. It is part of the National Museums of Berlin (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin). The museum was
- Museum of Extraordinary Things, The (novel by Hoffman)
Alice Hoffman: In 2014 Hoffman published The Museum of Extraordinary Things, a tale centring on an early 20th-century New York City boardwalk curiosity show. The Marriage of Opposites (2015) imagines the life of painter Camille Pissarro’s mother, a Creole Jew living on the island of St. Thomas who, following the death…
- Museum of Innocence, The (novel by Pamuk)
Orhan Pamuk: Works: Masumiyet müzesi (2008; The Museum of Innocence) investigates the relationship between an older man and his second cousin. Thwarted in his attempts to marry her, the man begins to collect objects that she has touched. Pamuk replicated the titular museum in reality, using a house in Istanbul to…
- Museum of Islamic Art (museum, Cairo, Egypt)
Museum of Islamic Art, museum in Cairo, one of the largest in the world dedicated to Islamic art and artifacts. The museum was founded in 1881, and its collection spans from the 7th-century Umayyad dynasty to the 19th-century Ottoman Empire. In 1903 the museum moved to its current building in Bāb
- Museum of Latin American Art of Buenos Aires (museum, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Museum of Latin American Art of Buenos Aires, museum in Buenos Aires dedicated to Latin American art from the early 20th century through the present day. The Museum of Latin American Art of Buenos Aires was established as a progressive institution and cultural centre that would promote the artistic
- Museum of London (museum, London, United Kingdom)
Museum of London, museum dedicated to recording and representing the history of the London region from prehistoric times to the present day. It is the largest urban-history museum in the world. Situated at the junction of London Wall and Aldersgate Street in the Barbican district of the City of
- museum of modern art (art institution)
museum of modern art, an institution devoted to the collection, display, interpretation, and preservation of “avant-garde” or “progressive” art of the late 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. (Read Glenn Lowry’s Britannica essay on “Art Museums & Their Digital Future.”) Museums of modern art, as they