Iglesia ni Cristo: It was established by Félix Ysagun Manalo in 1914.

Victoria Draves was an American diver who was the first woman to win Olympic gold medals in both springboard and platform diving in the same Olympiad, accomplishing this feat at the 1948 Olympic Games in London. Did You Know? Victoria Draves was the first Asian American to win an Olympic medal. Her

Manama, capital and largest city of Bahrain. It lies at the northeast tip of Bahrain island, in the Persian Gulf. About one-fifth of the country’s population lives in the city. First mentioned in Islamic chronicles about 1345 ce, it was taken by the Portuguese (1521) and by the Persians (1602). It

ʿAjmān: They are tiny Al-Manāmah, 37 miles (60 km) east-southeast of ʿAjmān city, and Maṣfūṭ, 56 miles (90 km) southeast of ʿAjmān city, in the Wadi Ḥattá at the promontory’s base.

Abington, town (township), Plymouth county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Boston and 4 miles (6 km) east of Brockton. Ames Nowell State Park is nearby (to the west). The area now occupied by the town was purchased in 1649 from Massasoit, chief of the Massachusett

Peggy Lee: Songwriting career: …Movin’ Too Fast,” and “Mañana.” Lee’s rendition of the last-mentioned title was the most popular recording of 1948, selling more than two million copies. Lee and Barbour divorced in 1951 but remained friends and occasional collaborators until his death in 1965. She continued to write songs with such noted…

Lebombo Mountains: …(600 metres) above sea level; Mount Mananga, on the border between Mpumalanga province and Swaziland, rises to about 2,500 feet (760 metres). A number of rivers, including the eastward-flowing Mkuze, Olifants, Pongola, Ingwavuma (Ngwavuma), and Usutu, cut their way through the range, and the latter two have formed especially spectacular…

Mananjary, town, eastern Madagascar. It lies at the mouth of the Mananjary River. A port on the Indian Ocean and the Pangalanes Canal, it handles coastal shipments of coffee, vanilla, cacao, olives, and rice. It is at the end of a highway from Fianarantsoa (85 miles [137 km] northwest). Pop. (2001

Manannán mac Lir, (Celtic: “Manannán, Son of the Sea”), Irish sea god from whom the name of the Isle of Man allegedly derived. Manannán traditionally ruled an island paradise, protected sailors, and provided abundant crops. He gave immortality to the gods through his swine, which returned to life

Manannán mac Lir, (Celtic: “Manannán, Son of the Sea”), Irish sea god from whom the name of the Isle of Man allegedly derived. Manannán traditionally ruled an island paradise, protected sailors, and provided abundant crops. He gave immortality to the gods through his swine, which returned to life

Manaus, city and river port, capital of Amazonas estado (state), northwestern Brazil. It lies along the north bank of the Negro River, 11 miles (18 km) above that river’s influx into the Amazon River. Manaus is situated in the heart of the Amazon Rainforest, 900 miles (1,450 km) inland from the

Orinoco River: Physiography of the Orinoco: Tributaries include the Guárico, Manapire, Suatá (Zuata), Pao, and Caris rivers, which enter on the left bank, and the Cuchivero and Caura rivers, which join the main stream on the right. So much sediment is carried by these rivers that islands often form at the mouths. The Caroní River,…

Lake Manapouri, lake, southwestern South Island, New Zealand, the deepest lake in the country. It is one of the Southern Lakes, found in the highland section of Fiordland National Park, which were formed by the glacial deepening of an existing stream valley accompanied by damming of the valley with

al-Jāḥiẓ: …by writing essays such as Manāqib at-turk (Eng. trans., “Exploits of the Turks,” in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1915), a discussion of the military qualities of the Turkish soldiers, on whom government policy depended.

Aoba: …the island is dominated by Manaro, a 4,907-foot (1,496-metre) volcanic peak with three lakes in its caldera. Aoba’s landscape inspired James Michener (who served as a naval historian in Vanuatu during World War II) in his description of the fictional Bali Ha’i in Tales of the South Pacific (1947). Manaro…

manas, (Sanskrit: “thought”), in Indian philosophy, the human “mind,” that faculty which coordinates sensory impressions before they are presented to the consciousness. Thus, when a person sees, hears, and smells an object—three different and not necessarily related impressions—the manas makes

flag of Kyrgyzstan: …by the Kyrgyz national hero, Manas the Noble. In the centre of the flag is a yellow sun with 40 rays, corresponding to the followers of Manas and the tribes he united; its further symbolic attributes are light, nobility, and eternity. On that sun is a red-and-yellow emblem with two…

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, wildlife sanctuary in western Assam state, eastern India. It is situated at the foot of the Himalayas on the eastern bank of the Manas River, 92 miles (153 km) west of Guwahati. Established in 1928, it has an area of some 200 square miles (520 square km) and lies in a

Manasa, goddess of snakes, worshipped mainly in Bengal and other parts of northeastern India, chiefly for the prevention and cure of snakebite and also for fertility and general prosperity. As the protector of children, she is often identified with the goddess Shashti (“the Sixth”; worshipped on

Premchand: …in Hindi under the title Manasarovar (“The Holy Lake”). Compact in form and style, they draw, as do his novels, on a notably wide range of northern Indian life for their subject matter. Usually they point to a moral or reveal a single psychological truth.

Lake Mapam, lake, in the western Tibet Autonomous Region of China, to the south of the Kailas Range. Lying nearly 15,000 feet (4,600 metres) above sea level, it is generally recognized as the highest body of fresh water in the world. The lake is prominent in the mythology of Hinduism, and it has

Manasi, collection of poems by Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, first published in 1890. Although this collection marked the maturation of Tagore’s poetic genius, it nevertheless contains themes of youthful romanticism. Whether addressing nature or love, the work emphasizes duality: the primitive

Manāslu I, one of the world’s highest mountains (26,781 feet [8,163 m]); it lies in the Himalayas of north Nepal, 38 miles (61 km) north of the town of Gurkha. The summit of this snow- and glacier-covered peak was first reached on May 9 and 11, 1956, by two separate Japanese

Jack Dempsey was an American world heavyweight boxing champion, regarded by many as the epitome of the professional fighter. He held the title from July 4, 1919, when he knocked out Jess Willard in three rounds in Toledo, Ohio, until September 23, 1926, when he lost a 10-round decision to Gene

Manassas, residential city, seat (1892) of Prince William county, northeastern Virginia, U.S. It is situated near the creek Bull Run, 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Washington, D.C. Originally known as Manassas Gap and then Manassas Junction, the town was established in 1853, when the Manassas Gap

Manassas, residential city, seat (1892) of Prince William county, northeastern Virginia, U.S. It is situated near the creek Bull Run, 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Washington, D.C. Originally known as Manassas Gap and then Manassas Junction, the town was established in 1853, when the Manassas Gap

First Battle of Bull Run, (July 21, 1861), in the American Civil War, the first of two engagements fought at a small stream named Bull Run, near Manassas in northern Virginia. (Civil War battles often had one name in the North, which was usually associated with a prominent nearby physical feature,

Manassas, residential city, seat (1892) of Prince William county, northeastern Virginia, U.S. It is situated near the creek Bull Run, 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Washington, D.C. Originally known as Manassas Gap and then Manassas Junction, the town was established in 1853, when the Manassas Gap

Manassas: Manassas National Battlefield Park (established 1940), just north of the city and encompassing about 8 square miles (21 square km), preserves the sites of the two Civil War engagements. Inc. city, 1938. Pop. (2010) 37,821; (2020) 42,772.

First Battle of Bull Run, (July 21, 1861), in the American Civil War, the first of two engagements fought at a small stream named Bull Run, near Manassas in northern Virginia. (Civil War battles often had one name in the North, which was usually associated with a prominent nearby physical feature,

Second Battle of Bull Run, (August 29–30, 1862), in the American Civil War, the second of two engagements fought at a small stream named Bull Run, near Manassas in northern Virginia. (Civil War battles often had one name in the North, which was usually associated with a prominent nearby physical

Manasseh, king of Judah (reigned c. 686 to 642 bce). During his long and peaceful reign, Judah was a submissive ally of Assyria. In the course of his reign there occurred a revival of pagan rites, including astral cults in the very forecourts of the temple of Yahweh, child sacrifice, and temple

Manasseh, one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel that in biblical times constituted the people of Israel. The tribe was named after the elder son of Joseph, himself a son of Jacob. After the Exodus from Egypt and the death of Moses, the Israelites entered the Promised Land under the leadership of

Manasseh ben Israel was a major Hebraic scholar of the Jewish community of Amsterdam and the founder of the modern Jewish community in England. Manasseh was born into a family of Marranos (Jews of Spain and Portugal who publicly accepted Christianity but privately practiced Judaism). After his

Prayer of Manasseh, apocryphal work (noncanonical for Jews and Protestants), one of a collection of songs appended to the Old Testament book of Psalms in several manuscripts of the Septuagint (the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible). The Prayer of Manasseh, best known of the collection, is a

Manasseh, king of Judah (reigned c. 686 to 642 bce). During his long and peaceful reign, Judah was a submissive ally of Assyria. In the course of his reign there occurred a revival of pagan rites, including astral cults in the very forecourts of the temple of Yahweh, child sacrifice, and temple

Constantine Manasses was a Byzantine chronicler, metropolitan (archbishop) of Naupactus, and the author of a verse chronicle (Synopsis historike; “Historical Synopsis”). Written at the request of Emperor Manuel I’s sister-in-law, Irene, the chronicle surveys a period from the Creation to 1081. It

al-Lāt: Two other North Arabian goddesses, Manāt (Fate) and al-ʿUzzā (Strong), were associated with al-Lāt in the Qurʾān (Islāmic sacred scriptures). The Prophet Muḥammad once recognized these three as goddesses, but a new revelation led him to abrogate the approving verses he had earlier recited and to abandon his attempt to…

manatee, (genus Trichechus), any of three species of large slow aquatic mammals found along tropical and subtropical Atlantic coasts and associated inland waters, including the watersheds of the Amazon and Niger rivers. Dull gray, blackish, or brown in colour, all three manatee species have stout

Manatí, town, north-central Puerto Rico, situated on the humid coastal lowlands. The name Manatí, of Indian origin, refers to a sea mammal, the manatee. Founded in 1738 on the northernmost point of limestone hills, Manatí is linked by a highway to San Juan. The town produces pharmaceutical

Cheduba Island, island in the Bay of Bengal, southwestern Myanmar (Burma). It lies about 30 miles (50 km) west of Taungup on the Arakan Coast and is separated from Ramree Island to the north by the Cheduba Strait. It is 20 miles (32 km) long and 17 miles (27 km) wide and has an area of 202 square

Manaus, city and river port, capital of Amazonas estado (state), northwestern Brazil. It lies along the north bank of the Negro River, 11 miles (18 km) above that river’s influx into the Amazon River. Manaus is situated in the heart of the Amazon Rainforest, 900 miles (1,450 km) inland from the

Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization: …ACTO was responsible for the Manaus Declaration, a treaty designed to coordinate the development of approximately 2.9 million square miles (7.5 million square km) of rainforest. The declaration reaffirmed the commitment of member countries to promote the social and economic development of the Amazon and the preservation of its cultures.…

Tenkalai: …of the Tenkalai sect, and Manavala, or Varavara Muni (1370–1443), is regarded as its most important leader. The sect’s main centre is at Nanganur, near Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu state), and the Tenkalai are referred to as the southern school of the Shrivaishnava.

Sri Lanka: The Anuradhapura period: Manavamma, a Sinhalese royal fugitive, was placed on the throne in 684 with the support of the Pallava rulers of south India.

Orinoco River: Physiography of the Orinoco: …the left bank and the Manaviche, Ocamo, Padamo, and Cunucunuma rivers on the right.

Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands, outlying island group of New Zealand, in the South Pacific Ocean 40 miles (64 km) northwest of North Island. Of volcanic formation, the islands have a total land area of 2.7 square miles (7 square km). Manawatāwhi/Great Island, the largest at 875 acres (354

Manawatu River, river, in south-central North Island, New Zealand, rising on the east slopes of the Ruahine Range. The river, 113 miles (182 km) long, flows west and southwest for 30 miles (48 km) to Woodville and turns sharply northwest to pass between the Ruahine and Tararua ranges through the

Manawatū-Whanganui, regional council, southern North Island, New Zealand. It includes a major portion of one of the largest plains of the North Island and encompasses the Whanganui River valley. The area rises northward to the Kaimanawa Mountains and stretches along the Tasman Sea to include the

Manannán mac Lir, (Celtic: “Manannán, Son of the Sea”), Irish sea god from whom the name of the Isle of Man allegedly derived. Manannán traditionally ruled an island paradise, protected sailors, and provided abundant crops. He gave immortality to the gods through his swine, which returned to life

The Four Branches of the Mabinogi: Manawydan fab Llŷr (“Manawydan Son of Llŷr”) comprises the further adventures of two of the escapees, Manawydan (Brân and Branwen’s brother) and Pryderi, who with his wife, Cigfa, and mother, Rhiannon, combat an enchantment placed over Pryderi’s realm. Math fab Mathonwy (“Math Son of Mathonwy”)…

fire extinguisher: George Manby introduced a handheld fire extinguisher—a three-gallon tank containing a pressurized solution of potassium carbonate—in 1817. Modern incarnations employing a variety of chemical solutions are essentially modifications of Manby’s design.

Jeanne Mance was the French founder of the first hospital in Montreal. A member of a French association that planned a utopian colony at Montreal, she sailed with the first settlers in 1641 and founded the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal in 1644. After a trip to France (1657), she returned with Sisters

Sir Henry Christopher Mance was a British scientist and engineer who invented the heliograph, a signaling device that employs two mirrors to gather sunlight and send it to a prearranged spot as a coded series of short and long flashes. Mance joined the Persian Gulf Telegraph Department of the

Basse-Normandie: of Orne, Calvados, and Manche. The northern and western shores of the region are washed by the English Channel. In 2016 the Basse-Normandie région was joined with the région of Haute-Normandie to form the new administrative entity of Normandy.

English Channel, narrow arm of the Atlantic Ocean separating the southern coast of England from the northern coast of France and tapering eastward to its junction with the North Sea at the Strait of Dover (French: Pas de Calais). With an area of some 29,000 square miles (75,000 square km), it is

Manchester: city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester urban county, northwestern England. Most of the city, including the historic core, is in the historic county of Lancashire, but it includes an area south of the River Mersey in the historic county of Cheshire. Manchester is…

Manchester, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester urban county, northwestern England. Most of the city, including the historic core, is in the historic county of Lancashire, but it includes an area south of the River Mersey in the historic county of

Manchester, town (township), which includes Manchester Village, Manchester Center, and Manchester Depot in southwestern Vermont, U.S. It lies near the Batten Kill River between the Taconic Range and the Green Mountains. Manchester Village is one of the seats (the other is Bennington) of Bennington

Lancaster: The resultant aircraft, the Manchester, first flew in July 1939, entered production the following year, and was committed to combat in February 1941. However, the Vulture engine proved to be a failure, and the Manchester was produced only in small numbers. Avro then proposed a redesigned Manchester powered by…

Cuyahoga Falls, city, Summit county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., just northeast of Akron, on the Cuyahoga River. Cuyahoga, possibly meaning “crooked water,” was the name given by the Iroquois Indians to the river. Surveyors mapping the Western Reserve platted the area in 1797, and settlers from

Yazoo City, city, seat (1848) of Yazoo county, west-central Mississippi, U.S. It lies along the Yazoo River, 47 miles (76 km) northwest of Jackson. Founded as a planned community in 1826, it was later called Manchester; it was renamed for the Yazoo Indians in 1839. Its riverfront was a scene of

Manchester, city, Hillsborough county, southern New Hampshire, U.S. It lies along the Amoskeag Falls (named for the Indigneous Amoskeag people who once inhabited the area) of the Merrimack River, the 55-foot (17-metre) drop of which provides hydroelectric power. Manchester is the state’s largest

Manchester, urban town (township), Hartford county, central Connecticut, U.S. It lies east of Hartford on the Hockanum River. The area was settled in 1672, when it was purchased from the Mohegan Indians by the Puritan clergyman Thomas Hooker and his company. Originally a part of Hartford (after

Kenneth Lonergan: Lonergan then wrote and directed Manchester by the Sea (2016). The movie starred Casey Affleck as a reclusive janitor who is unexpectedly required to raise his late brother’s teenage son. It earned widespread critical praise and was successful at the box office. Lonergan won an Academy Award for best original…

Manchester: Cultural life: …Whitworth Art Gallery and the Manchester City Art Gallery are particularly well known. The latter contains a fine collection of paintings, sculpture, silver, and pottery and is supplemented by several branch galleries. The Manchester Museum has special exhibits of Egyptian and Japanese objects, as well as natural history collections and…

Manchester City FC, English men’s professional football (soccer) club based in Manchester. Manchester City achieved consistent top-division success and claimed multiple titles after Sheikh Mansour ibn Zayed Al Nahyan purchased a controlling share in the club in 2008. In 2024, under manager Pep

Manchester City FC, English men’s professional football (soccer) club based in Manchester. Manchester City achieved consistent top-division success and claimed multiple titles after Sheikh Mansour ibn Zayed Al Nahyan purchased a controlling share in the club in 2008. In 2024, under manager Pep

Manchester City FC: Manchester City WFC: The Manchester City Women’s Football Club was founded in 1988. Affiliated with Manchester United FC from its creation, the women’s team formalized its partnership with the men’s team in 2012 and entered the Women’s Super League in 2013, winning the league championship…

Manchester City FC: Manchester City WFC: The Manchester City Women’s Football Club was founded in 1988. Affiliated with Manchester United FC from its creation, the women’s team formalized its partnership with the men’s team in 2012 and entered the Women’s Super League in 2013, winning the league championship…

Manchester University, private coeducational institution of higher learning in North Manchester, Indiana, U.S. It is a university of liberal arts and sciences that grants baccalaureate degrees in more than 40 areas of study, as well as several associate of arts degrees and master’s degrees. The

Manchester: Early settlement and medieval growth: …up in 1506 became the Manchester Grammar School in 1515, founded by Hugh Oldham, bishop of Exeter.

The Guardian, influential daily newspaper published in London, generally considered one of the United Kingdom’s leading newspapers. The paper was founded in Manchester in 1821 as the weekly Manchester Guardian but became a daily after the British government lifted its Stamp Tax on newspapers in

stored-program computer: …the first stored-program computer, the Manchester Mark I, shortly before the Americans built EDVAC, both operational in 1949.

Manchester: Cultural life: The Manchester Museum has special exhibits of Egyptian and Japanese objects, as well as natural history collections and an aquarium. The Museum of Science and Industry highlights Manchester’s industrial heritage.

Manchester school, Political and economic school of thought led by Richard Cobden and John Bright that originated in meetings of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce in 1820 and dominated the British Liberal Party in the mid-19th century. Its followers believed in laissez-faire economic policies,

Manchester Ship Canal, waterway opened in 1894 linking Eastham, Merseyside, Eng., to the city of Manchester. The canal made Manchester accessible to large oceangoing vessels. It is 36 miles (58 km) long, 45–80 feet (14–24 m) wide, and varies in depth from 28 to 30 feet (about 9 m); it has five

Manchester terrier, breed of dog developed in England from the whippet, a racing dog, and the black-and-tan terrier, a valued ratter, to combine the talents of each. In 1860 the breed was named after the city of Manchester, a breeding centre, but it was often called the black-and-tan terrier until

Manchester United, English professional football (soccer) team based in Manchester, England. Nicknamed “the Red Devils” for its distinctive red jerseys, it is one of the richest and best-supported football clubs not only in England but in the entire world. The club has won the English top-division

Manchester United, English professional football (soccer) team based in Manchester, England. Nicknamed “the Red Devils” for its distinctive red jerseys, it is one of the richest and best-supported football clubs not only in England but in the entire world. The club has won the English top-division

Manchester University, private coeducational institution of higher learning in North Manchester, Indiana, U.S. It is a university of liberal arts and sciences that grants baccalaureate degrees in more than 40 areas of study, as well as several associate of arts degrees and master’s degrees. The

Manchester: Education and social services: …has become autonomous as an Institute of Science and Technology, and, with the establishment of the University of Salford in 1967 and the growth of a large polytechnic, there are now four institutions of higher learning in and near the city.

University of Manchester, Public university in Manchester, England. It has its origins in a nonsectarian college for men founded in 1851. It became a university in 1880, having established colleges in Leeds and Liverpool which later (1903) became universities in their own right. Ernest Rutherford

Edward Montagu, 2nd earl of Manchester was a Parliamentarian general in the English Civil Wars. Son of the 1st earl, Henry Montagu, he was educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He sat in Parliament from 1624 to 1626 and in the latter year was raised to the peerage as Baron Kimbolton, but he

Edward Montagu, 2nd earl of Manchester was a Parliamentarian general in the English Civil Wars. Son of the 1st earl, Henry Montagu, he was educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He sat in Parliament from 1624 to 1626 and in the latter year was raised to the peerage as Baron Kimbolton, but he

Richard Perry: Career: …artists’ works, including those of Melissa Manchester, Willie Nelson, and Randy Travis.

University of Manchester, Public university in Manchester, England. It has its origins in a nonsectarian college for men founded in 1851. It became a university in 1880, having established colleges in Leeds and Liverpool which later (1903) became universities in their own right. Ernest Rutherford

Pakistan: The Indus River plain: Manchhar, a marshy lake west of the Indus, has an area of 14 square miles (36 square km) at low water but extends for no less than 200 square miles (500 square km) when full; on such occasions it is one of the largest freshwater…

Manchild in the Promised Land, autobiographical novel by Claude Brown, published in 1965. The work was noted for its realistic depiction of desperate poverty in Harlem. Brown’s tale of heroin addicts, pimps, and small-time criminals in New York slums shocked readers who were unfamiliar with ghetto

Joe Manchin is an American politician who represented West Virginia as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate (2010–25). He previously served as governor of that state (2005–10). In 2023 Manchin announced that he would not seek another term in the Senate, and the following year he formally switched his

Joe Manchin is an American politician who represented West Virginia as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate (2010–25). He previously served as governor of that state (2005–10). In 2023 Manchin announced that he would not seek another term in the Senate, and the following year he formally switched his

manchineel, (Hippomane mancinella), tree of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) famous for its poisonous properties. The manchineel is native mostly to sandy beaches of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, including Florida. The manchineel is a handsome round-crowned tree that grows up to 12 metres (40

history of Europe: Prestige and status: Manching, one of the largest oppida in Europe, contained many of these characteristics. The site, located at the junction of the Danube and the Paar rivers, was occupied from about 200 bce and developed rapidly from a small undefended village to a large walled settlement.…

Manchukuo, puppet state created in 1932 by Japan out of the three historic provinces of Manchuria (northeastern China). After the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), Japan gained control of the Russian-built South Manchurian Railway, and its army established a presence in the region; expansion there was

Manchu, people who lived for many centuries mainly in Manchuria (now Northeast) and adjacent areas of China and who in the 17th century conquered China and ruled for more than 250 years. The term Manchu dates from the 16th century, but it is certain that the Manchu are descended from a group of

Qing dynasty, the last of the imperial dynasties of China, spanning the years 1644 to 1911/12. Under the Qing the territory of the empire grew to treble its size under the preceding Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the population grew from some 150 million to 450 million, many of the non-Chinese

Manchu language, the most historically influential of the Manchu-Tungus languages (a family within the Altaic language group), formerly spoken by the Manchu people in Manchuria and once a court language of the Qing dynasty. In 1995 fewer than 70 Manchu, all of whom were over age 70 and living in

Manchu-Tungus languages, smallest of three families of the Altaic language group. The Manchu-Tungus languages are a group of 10 to 17 languages spoken by fewer than 70,000 people scattered across a vast region that stretches from northern China across Mongolia to the northern boundary of Russia.

Manchukuo, puppet state created in 1932 by Japan out of the three historic provinces of Manchuria (northeastern China). After the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), Japan gained control of the Russian-built South Manchurian Railway, and its army established a presence in the region; expansion there was

Manchukuo, puppet state created in 1932 by Japan out of the three historic provinces of Manchuria (northeastern China). After the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), Japan gained control of the Russian-built South Manchurian Railway, and its army established a presence in the region; expansion there was