Al-Manṣūrah, capital of Al-Daqahliyyah muḥāfaẓah (governorate), on the east bank of the Damietta Branch of the Nile River delta, Lower Egypt. It originated in 1219 ce as the camp of al-Malik al-Kāmil, nephew of Saladin (Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn). It was occupied briefly by Crusaders, who in 1250 were decimated

Al-Manṣūrah, capital of Al-Daqahliyyah muḥāfaẓah (governorate), on the east bank of the Damietta Branch of the Nile River delta, Lower Egypt. It originated in 1219 ce as the camp of al-Malik al-Kāmil, nephew of Saladin (Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn). It was occupied briefly by Crusaders, who in 1250 were decimated

Cairo, city, capital of Egypt, and one of the largest cities in Africa. Cairo has stood for more than 1,000 years on the same site on the banks of the Nile, primarily on the eastern shore, some 500 miles (800 km) downstream from the Aswan High Dam. Located in the northeast of the country, Cairo is

Manta, port city, western Ecuador, on Manta Bay. Originally known as Jocay (“Golden Doors”), it was inhabited by 3000 bce and was a Manta Indian capital by 1200 ce. Under Spanish rule it was renamed Manta and was reorganized by the conquistador Francisco Pancheco in 1535. In 1565 families from

manta ray: …(2 feet) across, but the Atlantic manta, or giant devil ray (Manta birostris), the largest of the family, may grow to more than 7 metres (23 feet) wide. The Atlantic manta is a well-known species, brown or black in colour and very powerful but inoffensive. It does not, old tales…

manta ray, any of several genera of marine rays comprising the family Mobulidae (class Selachii). Flattened and wider than they are long, manta rays have fleshy enlarged pectoral fins that look like wings; extensions of those fins, looking like a devil’s horns, project as the cephalic fins from the

Palawan: …entire 270-mile (434-km) length, with Mount Mantalingajan (6,840 feet [2,085 metres]) in the south as its highest peak. The archipelago off the southern tip that includes the Balabac and Bugsuk island groups is a remnant of a land bridge that connected Palawan and the island of Borneo during the Pleistocene…

Oceanic art and architecture: The Admiralty Islands: …of the Admiralty Islands; the Matankor, who lived on the small islands to the north, east, and southeast of Manus; and the largest group, the Manus, who lived on the southern coast of Manus as well as on some offshore islands. Each group relied on the others for some items…

Southern Africa: The Mfengu and the Mantatee: The upheaval affected the southern chiefdoms and rebellious tributaries attacked by Shaka as far away as Pondoland. Many of the refugees fled either into the eastern Cape or west onto the Highveld, although their precise number is a matter of dispute. In both areas…

Latin jazz: …produced the 1947 hit “Manteca,” which quickly became a standard of the jazz repertoire.

Montego Bay, city, northwestern Jamaica, about 85 miles (140 km) northwest of Kingston. It lies on the site of a Taino village visited by Christopher Columbus in 1494. Its original Spanish name, Bahía de Manteca (“Butter Bay”), probably recalls its early function as a lard (“hog’s butter”) centre.

Andrea Mantegna was a painter and engraver, the first fully Renaissance artist of northern Italy. His best known surviving work is the Camera degli Sposi (“Room of the Bride and Groom”), or Camera Picta (“Painted Room”) (1474), in the Palazzo Ducale of Mantua, for which he developed a

mantel, hood or other similar projection, usually ornamented, that surrounds the opening of a fireplace and directs smoke up to the chimney flue. See

Hilary Mantel: …released a volume of essays, Mantel Pieces: Royal Bodies and Other Writing from the London Review of Books (2020).

Hilary Mantel was an English writer known for her bleakly comic, socially probing novels set in a wide range of contemporary and historical milieus. Her most notable work was a trilogy based on the life of Thomas Cromwell: Wolf Hall (2009), Bring Up the Bodies (2012), and The Mirror & the Light

Hilary Mantel was an English writer known for her bleakly comic, socially probing novels set in a wide range of contemporary and historical milieus. Her most notable work was a trilogy based on the life of Thomas Cromwell: Wolf Hall (2009), Bring Up the Bodies (2012), and The Mirror & the Light

Gideon Algernon Mantell was a British physician, geologist, and paleontologist, who discovered four of the five genera of dinosaurs known during his time. Mantell studied the paleontology of the Mesozoic Era, particularly in Sussex, a region he made famous in the history of geological discovery. He

Servite: …includes sisters, traditionally known as Mantellate Sisters, engaged in many active works, and nuns devoted entirely to prayer within the monastery.

frog and toad: Annotated classification: Family Mantellidae No fossil record; 8 presacral vertebrae; vertebral column procoelous; intercalary cartilages present; 3 tarsals; aquatic larvae; 3 genera, 61 species; adult size 2–12 cm (1–5 inches). Madagascar. Family Microhylidae Miocene to present; 8 presacral vertebrae; vertebrae procoelous or diplasiocoelous; intercalary cartilages usually absent;

frog and toad: Annotated classification: Family Mantellidae No fossil record; 8 presacral vertebrae; vertebral column procoelous; intercalary cartilages present; 3 tarsals; aquatic larvae; 3 genera, 61 species; adult size 2–12 cm (1–5 inches). Madagascar. Family Microhylidae Miocene to present; 8 presacral vertebrae; vertebrae procoelous or diplasiocoelous; intercalary cartilages usually absent;

Dino Buzzati: Buzzati’s other plays include Il mantello (performed 1960; “The Overcoat”), a supernatural drama in which a soldier who has been declared missing mysteriously returns and is discovered to be a spirit, and L’uomo che andrà in America (performed and published 1962; “The Man Who Will Go to America”), the…

mantel, hood or other similar projection, usually ornamented, that surrounds the opening of a fireplace and directs smoke up to the chimney flue. See

Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār: …the well-known Manṭeq al-ṭayr (The Conference of the Birds). This is an allegorical poem describing the quest of the birds (i.e., Sufis) for the mythical Sīmorgh, or Phoenix, whom they wish to make their king (i.e., God). In the final scene the birds that have survived the journey approach…

Edwin, Freiherr von Manteuffel was a Prussian field marshal, a victorious general and able diplomat of the Bismarck period. A cavalryman from 1827, Manteuffel became aide-de-camp to Frederick William IV of Prussia during the revolution of 1848. In 1854, during the Crimean War, he went on two

Hasso, baron of Manteuffel was a German military strategist whose skillful deployment of tanks repeatedly thwarted Allied offensives in World War II. Manteuffel was the descendant of a Prussian family noted in politics and military affairs; his granduncle was the Prussian field marshal Edwin,

Frederick William IV: Final years.: …absolutism of his prime minister Otto von Manteuffel, worked above all for recasting the constitution of 1848 in a conservative mold. This included the disastrous introduction of three-class suffrage according to income in 1850 instead of universal suffrage, the retention of the monarchical character of army and bureaucracy, the reestablishment…

Manti, city, seat (1850) of Sanpete county, central Utah, U.S. Located in an agricultural district at an elevation of 5,530 feet (1,685 metres), the city was settled in 1849 by a party of Mormons ordered there from Salt Lake City by church leader Brigham Young; at the time, it was the southernmost

manticore, a legendary animal having the head of a man (often with horns), the body of a lion, and the tail of a dragon or scorpion. The earliest Greek report of the creature is probably a greatly distorted description of the Caspian tiger, a hypothesis that accords well with the presumed source of

manticore, a legendary animal having the head of a man (often with horns), the body of a lion, and the tail of a dragon or scorpion. The earliest Greek report of the creature is probably a greatly distorted description of the Caspian tiger, a hypothesis that accords well with the presumed source of

manticore, a legendary animal having the head of a man (often with horns), the body of a lion, and the tail of a dragon or scorpion. The earliest Greek report of the creature is probably a greatly distorted description of the Caspian tiger, a hypothesis that accords well with the presumed source of

The Deptford Trilogy: consisting of Fifth Business (1970), The Manticore (1972), and World of Wonders (1975). Throughout the trilogy, Davies interweaves moral concerns and bits of arcane lore.

mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which feed

mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which feed

mantispid, (family Mantispidae), any of a group of insects in the order Neuroptera, the adults of which bear a superficial resemblance to the praying mantid (suborder Mantodea). The European mantispid (Mantispa styriaca) is 12 to 20 mm (0.5 to 0.8 inch) long and has a wingspread of about 25 mm (1

manticore, a legendary animal having the head of a man (often with horns), the body of a lion, and the tail of a dragon or scorpion. The earliest Greek report of the creature is probably a greatly distorted description of the Caspian tiger, a hypothesis that accords well with the presumed source of

Mantineia, ancient Greek city of Arcadia, situated about eight miles north of modern Trípolis between Mt. Maínalon and Mt. Artemísion, mentioned as a source of soldiers in the catalog of ships in Book II of Homer’s Iliad. It was the site of three ancient battles. Until the early 5th century bc, it

Mantineia, ancient Greek city of Arcadia, situated about eight miles north of modern Trípolis between Mt. Maínalon and Mt. Artemísion, mentioned as a source of soldiers in the catalog of ships in Book II of Homer’s Iliad. It was the site of three ancient battles. Until the early 5th century bc, it

Mantineia: …be defeated at the first Battle of Mantineia in 418 by the Spartan forces of King Agis. In 362 the city was again prominent when the Theban army, cleverly outmanoeuvring the Spartan troops, won the battle and lost their commander, Epaminondas, in an encounter on the Mantineian Plain.

Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār: …the well-known Manṭeq al-ṭayr (The Conference of the Birds). This is an allegorical poem describing the quest of the birds (i.e., Sufis) for the mythical Sīmorgh, or Phoenix, whom they wish to make their king (i.e., God). In the final scene the birds that have survived the journey approach…

Mantiqueira Mountains, mountain range of eastern Brazil. It rises abruptly from the northwestern bank of the Paraíba do Sul River and extends northeastward for approximately 200 miles (320 km), reaching a height of 9,255 feet (2,821 metres) in the Pico (peak) das Agulhas Negras. The mountains,

mantid: Representative European genera are Mantis (M. religiosa is the most widespread), Ameles, Iris, and Empusa. North American genera include Stagmomantis (S. carolina is widely distributed), Litaneutria (L. minor, a small western species, is the sole mantid native to Canada), and Thesprotia and Oligonicella (both very slender forms). M.

mantid, (family Mantidae), any of approximately 2,000 species of large, slow-moving insects that are characterized by front legs with enlarged femurs (upper portion) that have a groove lined with spines into which the tibia (lower portion) presses. Using their spined front legs, mantids, which feed

mantid: …European genera are Mantis (M. religiosa is the most widespread), Ameles, Iris, and Empusa. North American genera include Stagmomantis (S. carolina is widely distributed), Litaneutria (L. minor, a small western species, is the sole mantid native to Canada), and Thesprotia and Oligonicella (both very slender forms). M. religiosa, Iris…

mantis shrimp, any member of the marine crustacean order Stomatopoda, especially members of the genus Squilla. Mantis shrimps are so called because the second pair of limbs are greatly enlarged and shaped like the large grasping forelimbs of the praying mantid, or mantis, an insect. They use these

mantispid, (family Mantispidae), any of a group of insects in the order Neuroptera, the adults of which bear a superficial resemblance to the praying mantid (suborder Mantodea). The European mantispid (Mantispa styriaca) is 12 to 20 mm (0.5 to 0.8 inch) long and has a wingspread of about 25 mm (1

mantispid, (family Mantispidae), any of a group of insects in the order Neuroptera, the adults of which bear a superficial resemblance to the praying mantid (suborder Mantodea). The European mantispid (Mantispa styriaca) is 12 to 20 mm (0.5 to 0.8 inch) long and has a wingspread of about 25 mm (1

mantispid, (family Mantispidae), any of a group of insects in the order Neuroptera, the adults of which bear a superficial resemblance to the praying mantid (suborder Mantodea). The European mantispid (Mantispa styriaca) is 12 to 20 mm (0.5 to 0.8 inch) long and has a wingspread of about 25 mm (1

logarithm: Properties of logarithms: …and 1, known as the mantissa—would be found in a table. For example, to find the logarithm of 358, one would look up log 3.58 ≅ 0.55388. Therefore, log 358 = log 3.58 + log 100 = 0.55388 + 2 = 2.55388. In the example of a number with a…

incandescent lamp: Nonelectric incandescent lamps: Nonelectric incandescent lamps include the gas-mantle lamp. The mantle is a mesh bag of fabric impregnated with a solution of nitrates of cerium and one or more of the following metals: thorium, beryllium, aluminum, or magnesium. The mantle is fixed over an orifice carrying a flammable gas such as natural…

mantle, in biology, soft covering, formed from the body wall, of brachiopods and mollusks; also, the fleshy outer covering, sometimes strengthened by calcified plates, of barnacles. The mantle of mollusks and brachiopods secretes the shell in species that possess shells. It also forms a mantle

mantle, cloak fashioned from a rectangular piece of cloth, usually sleeveless, of varying width and length, wrapped loosely around the body. Usually worn as an outer garment in the ancient Mediterranean world, it developed in different styles, colours, and materials. The Greek chlamys (worn only by

chemical element: The Earth’s mantle: The mantle comprises that part of the Earth between the Mohorovičić and the Wiechert–Gutenberg discontinuities. It makes up 83 percent of the volume of the Earth and 67 percent of its mass and is thus of decisive importance in determining the bulk composition…

Rachel Whiteread: …she showed four sculptures: Closet, Mantle, Shallow Breath, and Torso. Each was a plaster cast of some interior space, an effect roughly comparable to the casts made of those who died at Pompeii. Torso embodies the interior of a hot-water bottle; Mantle casts the space directly below and outlined by…

mollusk: External features: … (except in bivalves), and the mantle cavity. The mantle in caudofoveates and solenogasters is covered by cuticle that contains scales or minute, spinelike, hard bodies (spicules), or both (aplacophoran level). The chitons (class Polyplacophora) develop a series of eight articulating plates or valves often surrounded by a girdle of cuticle…

plate tectonics: Mantle convection: Most agree that plate movement is the result of the convective circulation of Earth’s heated interior, much as envisaged by Arthur Holmes in 1929. The heat source for convection is thought to be the decay of radioactive elements in the mantle. How this…

plate tectonics: Mantle convection: …plates, a force known as mantle drag. However, the mantle flow pattern at depth does not appear to be reflected in the surface movements of the plates.

chemical element: The Earth’s mantle: The mantle comprises that part of the Earth between the Mohorovičić and the Wiechert–Gutenberg discontinuities. It makes up 83 percent of the volume of the Earth and 67 percent of its mass and is thus of decisive importance in determining the bulk composition…

mollusk: The nervous system and organs of sensation: Pluricellular mantle papillae, which penetrate the cuticle, the valves, and the shell in some conchifers, are differentiated in placophores as photoreceptors. Aside from the well-developed, vertebrate-like eyes of cephalopods, there are photoreceptors on the mantle margins of scallops and related bivalves. Orientation in different gastropods is…

marine ecosystem: Seasonal cycles of production: …can result in nutrient-rich turbid plumes (i.e., estuarine or riverine plumes) that extend into waters of the continental shelf. Changes in production, therefore, may depend on the season, the proximity to fresh water, and the timing and location of upwelling, currents, and patterns of reproduction.

bivalve: The mantle and musculature: …between the shell valves by mantle retractor muscles; their point of attachment to the shell being called the pallial line.

incandescent lamp: Nonelectric incandescent lamps: Nonelectric incandescent lamps include the gas-mantle lamp. The mantle is a mesh bag of fabric impregnated with a solution of nitrates of cerium and one or more of the following metals: thorium, beryllium, aluminum, or magnesium. The mantle is fixed over an orifice carrying a flammable gas such as natural…

Mickey Mantle was a professional American League baseball player for the New York Yankees (1951–68), who was a powerful switch-hitter (right- and left-handed) and who hit 536 home runs. He helped the Yankees win seven World Series (1951–53, 1956, 1958, 1961–62). Mantle began playing baseball as a

Mickey Mantle was a professional American League baseball player for the New York Yankees (1951–68), who was a powerful switch-hitter (right- and left-handed) and who hit 536 home runs. He helped the Yankees win seven World Series (1951–53, 1956, 1958, 1961–62). Mantle began playing baseball as a

Mars: The interior: …a metal-rich core and rocky mantle—at the end of the planetary accretion period 4.5 billion years ago. The planet has no detectable magnetic field that would indicate convection (heat-induced flow) in the core today. Large regions of magnetized rock have been detected in the oldest terrains, however, which suggests that…

al-Būṣīrī: …for his poem Al-Burdah (The Poem of the Scarf).

colobus: …the Abyssinian colobus, or mantled guereza (C. guereza), of the East African mountains, including Mount Kenya and Kilimanjaro. This colobus has a long beautiful veil of white hair along each flank and a long white brush on the tail. The pelts are valued by native populations as ornaments, and at…

heraldry: The mantling: From the helmet hangs the mantling, or lambrequin. When worn, that was made of linen or other cloth and performed the useful function of shielding the wearer from the sun’s rays; it also served to snare or deflect sword cuts. The mantling, or mantle,…

Poliziano: …as the Sylvae (“The Trees”): Manto (1482; “The Cloak”), on Virgil’s poetry; Rusticus (1483; “The Countryside”), on the bucolic poems of Hesiod and Virgil; Ambra (1485; “Amber”), on Homer; and Nutricia (1486; “The Foster Mother”), on the different genres of Greek and Latin literature.

Manto, in Greek legend, the daughter and assistant of the Theban prophet Tiresias. After the sack of Thebes by the Epigoni (the sons of the seven champions who fought against Thebes), she was dedicated to Apollo at his oracular shrine of Delphi as the fairest of the spoil. Fulfilling an utterance

Agustina Bessa-Luís: …O susto (1958; “The Fright”), O manto (1961; “The Mantle”), and O sermão de fogo (1963; “The Sermon of Fire”). She remained a prolific novelist through the turn of the 21st century, and in 2004 she received the Camões Prize, the most prestigious prize for literature in Portuguese. In addition,…

South Asian arts: Radio and television plays: Saadat Hasan Manto (1912–55), one of the greatest writers of short stories and author of over 100 radio plays and features, remains a model for 21st-century writers for plot construction, bitter realism, and whimsical dialogue. His collection of plays (1942–45), including Manto ke Dramay (“Manto’s…

gladiator bug, (order Mantophasmatodea), any of approximately 15 species of insects found only in certain regions of Africa, the common name of which is derived from their stout appearance and predatory behaviour. These insects have modified raptorial legs that give them the ability to grasp their

Mantua, city, Lombardia (Lombardy) regione, northern Italy. The city is surrounded on three sides by lakes formed by the Mincio River, southwest of Verona. It originated in settlements of the Etruscans and later of the Gallic Cenomani. Roman colonization began about 220 bce, and the great Latin

Mantovani was an Italian-born British conductor and musician who favoured a technique that came to be known as “cascading strings,” a lush musical effect that became the hallmark of his style. The son of a violinist at the Covent Garden Opera, Mantovani showed an early talent for the violin and was

Mantovani was an Italian-born British conductor and musician who favoured a technique that came to be known as “cascading strings,” a lush musical effect that became the hallmark of his style. The son of a violinist at the Covent Garden Opera, Mantovani showed an early talent for the violin and was

mantra, in Asian religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, a sacred utterance (syllable, word, or verse) that is considered to possess mystical or religious efficacy. Various mantras are spoken aloud, muttered, or merely sounded internally in one’s thoughts, and they are either repeated continuously

Hinduism: Nature of Tantric tradition: There is also a Tantric mantra-yoga (discipline through spells), which operates with formulas, and a hatha-yoga, (Sanskrit: “union of force”). Hatha-yoga incorporates normal Yogic practices such as abstinences; observances; bodily postures; breath control; withdrawal of the mind from external objects; concentration, contemplation, and identification with the aid of mudras (i.e.,

Clara Bow: …as The Plastic Age (1925), Mantrap (1926), Kid Boots (1926), and Dancing Mothers (1926).

Vajrayana, form of Tantric Buddhism that developed in India and neighbouring countries, notably Tibet. Vajrayana, in the history of Buddhism, marks the transition from Mahayana speculative thought to the enactment of Buddhist ideas in individual life. The term vajra (Sanskrit: “thunderbolt,” or

Finland: Political parties: …power by force in the Mäntsälä coup attempt in 1932, the president intervened and managed in a radio speech to calm the rebellion. Another failure at this time was the law on the total prohibition of alcohol, introduced in 1919. As in the United States, the law resulted in a…

Mantua, city, Lombardia (Lombardy) regione, northern Italy. The city is surrounded on three sides by lakes formed by the Mincio River, southwest of Verona. It originated in settlements of the Etruscans and later of the Gallic Cenomani. Roman colonization began about 220 bce, and the great Latin

biblical literature: Collations of the Masoretic materials: …1626 and printed in the Mantua Bible of 1742. Benjamin Kennicott collected the variants of 615 manuscripts and 52 printed editions (2 vol., 1776–80, Oxford). Giovanni Bernado De Rossi published his additional collections of 731 manuscripts and 300 prints (4 vol., 1784–88, Parma), and C.D. Ginsburg did the same for…

Saint Anno: …important service was at the Council of Mantua (May 1064), when he succeeded in having Alexander II recognized as pope against the antipope Honorius II, who was originally a nominee of the German court. Anno retired to a life of strict penance at the Abbey of Siegburg, which he had…

Siege of Mantua, (June 4, 1796–Feb. 2, 1797), the crucial episode in Napoleon Bonaparte’s first Italian campaign; his successful siege of Mantua excluded the Austrians from northern Italy. The city was easy to besiege: the only access to it was via five causeways over the Mincio River. The two

France: Louis XIII: …thus involved France in the War of the Mantuan Succession (1628–31) in northern Italy. Through diplomatic means he worked for the dismissal of Albrecht Wenzel von Wallenstein, the brilliant general fighting on the side of Emperor Ferdinand II, whose forces were threatening to destroy the Protestant princes of Germany in…

Eero Mäntyranta was a Finnish Nordic skier who took part in four Olympic Games, winning a total of seven medals. One of the outstanding Nordic skiers of the 1960s, he also won two 30-km world championships (1962 and 1966). To support himself in his training, Mäntyranta worked as a border patrol

Eero Mäntyranta was a Finnish Nordic skier who took part in four Olympic Games, winning a total of seven medals. One of the outstanding Nordic skiers of the 1960s, he also won two 30-km world championships (1962 and 1966). To support himself in his training, Mäntyranta worked as a border patrol

Manu, in the mythology of India, the first man, and the legendary author of an important Sanskrit law code, the Manu-smriti (Laws of Manu). The name is cognate with the Indo-European “man” and also has an etymological connection with the Sanskrit verb man-, “to think.” Manu appears in the Vedas,

macaw: In Manú National Park in Peru, the members of five macaw species converge by the hundreds at mineral-rich riverbanks to eat the clay there, which may help them detoxify compounds in their diet. Macaws nest in tree hollows; hyacinth macaws sometimes nest in riverbank holes.

Manua Islands, group of three islands (Tau [Ta’u], Ofu, and Olosega), American Samoa, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Tau, the chief island, has an area of about 15 square miles (39 square km). It is conical in shape, rising to Lata Mountain (3,179 feet [969 metres]); the main village is Luma on the

Manu-smriti, traditionally the most authoritative of the books of the Hindu code (Dharma-shastra) in India. Manu-smriti is the popular name of the work, which is officially known as Manava-dharma-shastra. It is attributed to the legendary first man and lawgiver, Manu. The received text dates from

Manua Islands, group of three islands (Tau [Ta’u], Ofu, and Olosega), American Samoa, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Tau, the chief island, has an area of about 15 square miles (39 square km). It is conical in shape, rising to Lata Mountain (3,179 feet [969 metres]); the main village is Luma on the

Manuae Atoll, one of the southern Cook Islands, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean. It is a coral atoll of two islets joined by a coral reef enclosing a large lagoon, with a total land area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 square km). Manuae, on the west,

Stoicism: Later Roman Stoicism: The Encheiridion (Manual) of Epictetus and the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius furthered the sublime and yet personal consolation of the Stoic message and increasingly showed the strength of its rivalry to the burgeoning power of the new Christianity. The mark of a guide, of the religious teacher,…

organ: …key on the keyboard, or manual. Organs usually possess several sets of pipes (also known as stops, or registers), however, playable from several keyboards and a pedal board. Under their control are the various ranks of wooden and metal pipes of differing length and shape. These fall into the two…

psychomotor learning: Simple components of bodily skills: …be broadly referred to as manual dexterity, which includes fine finger dexterity, arm-wrist speed, and aiming ability. Motor abilities are also influenced by strength, of which there are several kinds, including static strength (pressure measured in pounds exerted against an immovable object) and dynamic strength (moving the limbs with force).…

Paulo Coelho: The Alchemist and other works: …do guerreiro da luz (1997; Manual of the Warrior of Light) couches a selection of spiritual exhortations from well-known religious figures in a fictional framework. Though Coelho’s novels continued to succeed both in Brazil and abroad, critics have often characterized them as overly didactic and moralizing.

theatre: Developments in staging: Nicola Sabbatini’s “Manual for Constructing Theatrical Scenes and Machines,” published in 1638, listed three main methods of changing scenery: one used periaktoi; the second maneuvered new wings around those already there; and the third pulled painted canvas around the wings to conceal the previously visible surfaces. In…

Julio Cortázar: …and Libro de Manuel (1973; A Manual for Manuel). A series of playful and humorous stories that Cortázar wrote between 1952 and 1959 were published in Historias de cronopios y de famas (1962; Cronopios and Famas). His later collections of short stories included Todos los fuegos el fuego (1966; All…

Frederick Busch: In his second novel, Manual Labor (1974), a married couple grapples with a miscarriage. The same characters reappear in Rounds (1979), in which their lives are intertwined with those of a doctor and a psychologist. Domestic Particulars: A Family Chronicle (1976), a collection of interlinked short stories, catalogs in…