stained glass: 20th century: …Dominikus Böhm’s and Heinz Bienefeld’s Church of Maria Königin (1953–54) in Cologne-Marienburg an entire sidewall of the church is conceived as a diaphanous veil of silvery gray stained glass that half reveals and half conceals the parklike grounds outside with equally dazzling effect. In Wallace K. Harrison’s First Presbyterian Church…

Marie-Louise was an Austrian archduchess who became empress of the French (impératrice des Français) as the second wife of the emperor Napoleon I; she was later duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. Marie-Louise, a member of the house of Habsburg, was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman

Manuel de Godoy: …as Charles IV, the domineering Maria Luisa persuaded Charles to advance Godoy in rank and power, and by 1792 he became field marshal, first secretary of state, and duque de Alcudia. From then on Godoy’s hold over the royal family, buttressed by his pliability, guile, and ingratiating nature, rarely, if…

Marie-Anne de la Trémoille, princess des Ursins: …Louis XIV of France, to María Luisa of Savoy, Louis sent her to Spain to be the queen’s camarera mayor (principal lady of the bedchamber). She soon established a complete ascendancy over María Luisa, who, in turn, ruled Philip. Until 1714 it was, in effect, the princess who decided Spanish…

Augusta was the queen consort of Prussia from 1861 and German empress from 1871, the wife of William I. The younger daughter of Charles Frederick, grand duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, she was married to the future king and emperor on June 11, 1829. She was jealously devoted to her children,

Marías Islands: …of the Marías is northernmost María Madre, 44 square miles (114 square km) in area and rising to an elevation of 2,011 feet (613 m). Nearby María Magdalena is second in area (32 square miles [83 square km]); María Cleofas, approximately 10 miles (16 km) to the southeast, totals only…

Friedrich Hebbel: …most of the realistic tragedy Maria Magdalena, published with a critical and philosophical preface in 1844 and performed in 1846. This skillfully constructed play, technically a model “tragedy of common life,” is a striking portrayal of the middle class.

Marías Islands: Nearby María Magdalena is second in area (32 square miles [83 square km]); María Cleofas, approximately 10 miles (16 km) to the southeast, totals only 9 square miles (23 square km). A fourth island, tiny San Juanito, is also included in the group. Lacking water, the…

Andronicus I Comnenus: …regency of the dowager empress Maria of Antioch after Manuel’s death. In the spring of 1182 he raised an army and entered Constantinople posing as the protector of the young emperor Alexius II; one of the results of his seizure of power was a massacre of the Westerners living in…

bridge: Railway bridges: The first, the 1877 Maria Pia Bridge over the Duoro River near Porto, Portugal, is a 157-metre (522-foot) crescent-shaped span that rises 42 metres (140 feet) at its crown. Again, a wide spreading of the arches at their base gives this structure greater lateral stiffness. The crowning achievement of…

Maria Skłodowska-Curie Museum, institution dedicated to the life and work of Marie Curie located in a gracious town house in the New Town district of central Warsaw, Poland. The house is a replica of the 18th-century house in which Curie was born. Her birthplace was among the buildings destroyed by

Maria Stella was an Italian adventuress who contested the parentage of Louis Philippe, duc d’Orléans, upon his accession to the French throne in 1830. Brought up as the daughter of Lorenzo Chiappini, constable of Modigliana, and his wife, Maria Stella was trained as a singer and dancer and appeared

Friedrich Schiller: Philosophical studies and classical drama of Friedrich Schiller: …more plays in quick succession: Maria Stuart (first performed in 1800), a psychological drama concerned with the moral rebirth of Mary, Queen of Scots; Die Jungfrau von Orleans (1801; The Maid of Orleans), a “romantic tragedy” on the subject of Joan of Arc, in which the heroine dies in a…

Marie-Thérèse of Austria was the queen consort of King Louis XIV of France (reigned 1643–1715). As the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and Elizabeth of France, Marie-Thérèse was betrothed to Louis by the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659), which ended a 24-year war between France and Spain. Under the

Maria Theresa was the archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), wife and empress of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I (reigned 1745–65), and mother of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II (reigned 1765–90). Upon her accession, the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48)

Mary Of Orange was the eldest daughter of the English king Charles I and wife of the Dutch stadholder William II of Orange. The marriage to Prince William took place in London and in 1642 she crossed over to Holland. In 1647 her husband succeeded his father as stadholder, but three years later,

Maria Martin: Audubon named the Maria’s woodpecker (Picus martinae), a subspecies of hairy woodpecker, in her honour.

Dominica: Independence of Dominica: On September 18, 2017, Hurricane Maria became the strongest storm on record to make landfall on Dominica. The category 5 hurricane caused what Skerrit described as “widespread devastation” across the island.

Hjalmar Fredrik Elgérus Bergman: His first play, Maria, Jesu moder (1905), owes much to the literary ideas of the 1890s, but shows an original approach to the psychology of Christ and the Virgin Mary. His other early plays reveal the influence of Ibsen. His most original contribution to drama was Marionettspel (1917;…

Marie-Louise was an Austrian archduchess who became empress of the French (impératrice des Français) as the second wife of the emperor Napoleon I; she was later duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. Marie-Louise, a member of the house of Habsburg, was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman

Jorge Isaacs: …whose best work, María (1867; Maria: A South American Romance, 1977), was one of the most famous Latin-American novels of the 19th century.

Mary Wollstonecraft: Life: …sociological and philosophical bent, and Maria; or, The Wrongs of Woman (1798), a posthumously published unfinished work that is a novelistic sequel to A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

mariachi, small Mexican musical ensemble composed of a variety of mostly stringed instruments. In addition to referring to an ensemble, the term mariachi is also used for the individual performer of mariachi music or for the music itself. Mariachi has long been considered a uniquely Mexican sound,

Claude Lelouch: …Live for Life), Mariage (1974; Marriage), Robert et Robert (1978; “Robert and Robert”), and À nous deux (1979; Us Two). For Toute une vie (1974; And Now My Love), he and Uytterhoeven received Oscar nominations for their original screenplay. Lelouch’s later notable movies included the musical Les Uns et les…

French literature: Drama: …one of his best-known plays, Le Mariage d’Olympe (1855; “The Marriage of Olympia”), which proposes that what makes a woman into a prostitute in the first place is an innate propensity to vice. On the other hand, Augier’s treatment of the venality of the press and the corruption of financiers…

Claude Autant-Lara: …that Autant-Lara completed in 1942—Le Mariage de Chiffon and Lettres d’amour—prefigured his work in Le Diable au corps and strengthened his standing as one of the major exponents of the French cinema’s “tradition of quality.” Adapted from a novel by Raymond Radiguet, Le Diable au corps is the story…

The Marriage of Figaro, comedy in five acts by Pierre-Augustin Beaumarchais, performed in 1784 as La Folle Journée; ou, le mariage de Figaro (“The Madness of a Day, or the Marriage of Figaro”). It is the sequel to his comic play The Barber of Seville and is the work upon which Mozart based the

Molière: Molière as actor and as playwright: …in Le Mariage forcé (1664; The Forced Marriage), from doubts about marriage expressed by Rabelais’s character Panurge, and in Le Médecin malgré lui he starts from a medieval fable, or fabliau, of a woodcutter who, to avoid a beating, pretends he is a doctor. On such skeleton themes Molière animates…

Rutebeuf: …his poems; for example, in Le Mariage Rutebeuf (“The Rutebeuf Marriage”) he records that on Jan. 21, 1261, he married an ugly old woman who had neither charm nor a dowry. An account of how he was reduced to poverty by a series of misfortunes is found in La Complainte…

Diane Johnson: >Le Mariage (2000), and L’Affaire (2003). She continued to explore the clash of cultures with Lulu in Marrakech (2008), which is set in Morocco. In Lorna Mott Comes Home (2021), a woman returns to the United States after living in France for a number of…

sixty-six, two-player card game, ancestral to bezique and pinochle, that was first recorded in 1718 under the name Mariagen-Spiel (German: “the marriage game”). It is still popular in Germany, even more so in Austria under the name Schnapsen (“booze”). The game uses a deck of 24 cards, ranked

Mariamne was a Jewish princess, a popular heroine in both Jewish and Christian traditions, whose marriage (37 bc) to the Judean king Herod the Great united his family with the deposed Hasmonean royal family (Maccabees) and helped legitimize his position. At the instigation of his sister Salome and

antiphon: The four Marian antiphons are long hymns, not true antiphons but independent compositions especially noted for their beauty: the “Salve Regina” (“Hail, Holy Queen”), “Ave Regina caelorum” (“Hail, Queen of Heaven”), “Regina caeli, laetare” (“Queen of Heaven, Rejoice”), and “Alma Redemptoris Mater” (“Kindly Mother of the Redeemer”).…

Marian apparitions are supernatural events in which the Virgin Mary (the mother of Jesus) is alleged to have appeared to one or more people. They are predominantly associated with Roman Catholic tradition, although apparitions have also been recognized by the Coptic Orthodox Church. A famous

Mariana, city, east-central Minas Gerais estado (state), southeastern Brazil. It is located on the Carmo River in the Doce River basin at 2,287 feet (697 metres) above sea level. Formerly known as Vila de Albuquerque and Vila de Carmo, the settlement was made a seat of a municipality in 1711 and

Measure for Measure: …place to be taken by Mariana, the woman Angelo was once engaged to marry but whom he then disavowed because her dowry had been lost. Afterward, Angelo reneges on his promise to save Claudio, fearing that the young man knows too much and is therefore dangerous. Vincentio, reemerging at last…

Juan José de Austria: …that forced the queen regent, Mariana, to dismiss her favourite and confessor, Father John Nithard. In early 1677, he drove Mariana and her new favourite, Fernando de Valenzuela, from court and established himself as first minister.

Mariana, poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, first published in Poems, Chiefly Lyrical in 1830. Suggested by the phrase “Mariana in the moated grange” in William Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure, the poem skillfully evokes an interior mood by describing exterior scenery—in this case, a bleak grange.

Mariana Islands, island arc, a series of volcanic and uplifted coral formations in the western Pacific Ocean, about 1,500 miles (2,400 km) east of the Philippines. They are the highest slopes of a massive undersea mountain range, rising some 6 miles (9.5 km) from the Marianas Trench in the ocean

Mariana Trench, deep-sea trench in the floor of the western North Pacific Ocean, the deepest such trench known on Earth, located mostly east as well as south of the Mariana Islands. It is part of the western Pacific system of oceanic trenches coinciding with subduction zones—points where two

Juan de Mariana was a historian, author of Historiae de rebus Hispaniae (1592), a history of Spain from its earliest times. After studying in Alcalá, Mariana entered the Jesuit order and was ordained in 1561. For the next 14 years he taught theology in Rome, Sicily, and Paris, where his expositions

Marianao, city, west-central Cuba. It is situated in a slightly hilly area along the northern coast, 10 miles (16 km) southwest of central Havana, and constitutes a municipality of the province-level Ciudad de la Habana (City of Havana). Marianao was founded in 1726. Since 1900, with the growth of

Mariana Trench, deep-sea trench in the floor of the western North Pacific Ocean, the deepest such trench known on Earth, located mostly east as well as south of the Mariana Islands. It is part of the western Pacific system of oceanic trenches coinciding with subduction zones—points where two

Giuseppe Verdi: Late years: The project collapsed and Angelo Mariani, who was to have conducted the performance, seemed to Verdi less than wholehearted in his support. Verdi, who could not bear being thwarted, visited his wrath on the unfortunate Mariani, who was the most distinguished Italian conductor of the day and, until then,…

Western sculpture: Early and High Baroque: With Stefano Maderno and Camillo Mariani a slightly more imaginative interpretation of the demands of the Council of Trent is to be found, while certain aspects of the work of Pietro Bernini (1562–1629) were to have considerable influence on his son Gian Lorenzo. The first breath of the new…

Marianist, a religious congregation of the Roman Catholic church founded by William Joseph Chaminade at Bordeaux, Fr., in 1817. The Marianists, including the Brothers of Mary, developed from the sodality (a devotional association of the laity) of the Blessed Mother organized in 1800 by Chaminade.

Marianist: The Institute of the Daughters of Mary, or Marianist Sisters, was also a product of this sodality. The male congregation, which is spread throughout western Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia, is engaged primarily in Christian education. To the usual religious vows of poverty, chastity,…

Leonard Cohen: The documentary Marianne & Leonard: Words of Love (2019) explores his relationship with Marianne Ihlen, who was considered his muse in the 1960s.

E.M. Forster: …a biography of his great-aunt, Marianne Thornton (1956); a documentary account of his Indian experiences, The Hill of Devi (1953); and Alexandria: A History and a Guide (1922; new ed., 1961). Maurice, a novel with a homosexual theme, was published posthumously in 1971 but written many years earlier.

Mariánské Lázně, spa town, western Czech Republic. It is situated on the edge of the wooded hills southwest of Karlovy Vary. Its more than 40 mineral springs were long the property of the Premonstratensian Abbey (12th century) at Teplá, a few miles east of the town. When Josef Nehr, the abbey’s

Marianus Scotus was a chronicler who wrote a universal history of the world from creation to 1082 that disputed the chronology of the Paschal calendar formulated by Dionysius Exiguus, a 6th-century theologian. Marianus’ Chronicon, written in Germany, maintains that the Paschal calendar dated

Marianus Scotus: …confused with another Irish monk, Marianus Scotus, abbot of St. Peter’s, Regensburg (d. 1088).

Marías Islands, archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of west-central Mexico. Lying approximately 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Cape Corrientes and about 230 miles (370 km) southeast of the tip of Baja California, the islands are administered by the state of Nayarit, Mexico. They

Lewis Range: Marias Pass (5,216 feet [1,590 m]) is crossed by rail and highway. Tourism is promoted in the park area, but development in the southern portions of the range is restricted by their inaccessibility.

Marias River, river in Glacier county, northwestern Montana, U.S. It is formed by the confluence of Cut Bank, Dupuyer, and Birch creeks and Two Medicine River and flows generally southeastward. The river is impounded by the Tiber Dam to form Lake Elwell, a reservoir used for irrigation and

Matthias Grünewald: …paint an altar for the Mariaschnee Chapel in the Church of Saints Peter and Alexander in Aschaffenburg. The artist painted this work in the years 1517–19. Grünewald apparently married about 1519, but the marriage does not appear to have brought him much happiness (at least, that is the tradition recorded…

instrumentals: …symphonically inspired songs such as Paul Mariat’s “Love in Blue” (1967) and Mason Williams’s “Classical Gas” (1968) also were hits. In general, however, the heyday of instrumental rock ended in the early 1960s as the British Invasion bands shifted the focus back to vocalists.

José Carlos Mariátegui was a political leader and essayist who was the first Peruvian intellectual to apply the Marxist model of historical materialism to Peruvian problems. The Leguía dictatorship in Peru (1919–30) sought to rid itself of one of its most ardent critics by sending the hitherto

Mariazell, town, east-central Austria, in the Salza River valley amid the north Styrian Alps north of Kapfenberg. Founded in 1157 by the monks of St. Lambrecht’s Abbey, it is the most famous pilgrimage place in Austria. In the Gnaden Church (rebuilt 1644–83) is a 12th-century limewood statue of the

Maʾrib, town and historic site, north-central Yemen. It is famous as the location of the ancient fortified city of Maʾrib and its associated dam, principal centre of the pre-Islamic state of Sabaʾ (950–115 bce). Sabaean civilization reached its peak with the transfer of power from the mukarribs

history of publishing: South America: The weekly rotogravure Maribel (1932–56) long had the highest periodical circulation in that country, closely followed by that of the women’s weekly Para ti (founded 1922). Mexico’s leading magazine in the early 1980s was the weekly Selecciones del Reader’s Digest; others included the weeklies El Libro Semanal (1954)…

Maribo, city, central Lolland island, Denmark, on Maribo Lake. The city (chartered 1416) grew up around an early 15th-century Bridgettine convent, the chapel of which survives as the cathedral of the Lolland-Falster diocese. The Diocesan Museum displays prehistoric and medieval artifacts and a

Maribor, city, northeastern Slovenia, on the Drava River near the Austrian border. Slovenia’s second largest city, Maribor lies between the Pohorje mountains and the hills of Slovenske Gorice. A settlement existed in Roman times, but the present city grew from the mid-12th century around Marburg

Maribor: The University of Maribor was founded in 1975. Pop. (2011) 95,171; (2017 est.) 94,876.

Maritsa River, river in Bulgaria, rising in the Rila Mountains southeast of Sofia on the north face of Musala Peak. It flows east and southeast across Bulgaria for 170 miles (275 km), forms the Bulgaria–Greece frontier for a distance of 10 miles (16 km), and then becomes the Greece–Turkey frontier

Juan Marichal is a Dominican professional baseball player, the first Latin American to pitch a no-hitter (on June 15, 1963) in the major leagues. (See also Sidebar: Latin Americans in Major League Baseball.) Marichal began playing baseball when he was six years old and soon after decided he would

Juan Marichal is a Dominican professional baseball player, the first Latin American to pitch a no-hitter (on June 15, 1963) in the major leagues. (See also Sidebar: Latin Americans in Major League Baseball.) Marichal began playing baseball when he was six years old and soon after decided he would

Marīcī, in Mahāyāna Buddhist mythology, the goddess of the dawn. Marīcī (Sanskrit: “Ray of Light”) is usually shown riding on seven pigs and with three heads, one of which is that of a sow. In Tibet she is invoked at sunrise and, though not as popular a goddess as Tārā, has many shrines dedicated

Marico River, main headstream (with the Krokodil [Crocodile] River) of the Limpopo River, in northeastern South Africa. It flows generally north through the Marico Valley and is about 130 miles (210 km) long. The regional centre of Zeerust is situated along its

Yuman: …and Cocopa, together with the Maricopa in the middle Gila; and the upland Yumans, who inhabited what is now western Arizona south of the Grand Canyon and whose major groups included the Hualapai (Walapai), Havasupai, and Yavapai. Two other groups of Yuman-speaking people, the Diegueño and the Kamia (now known…

Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt was a French crusader and scholar who wrote the first extant treatise describing the properties of magnets. Almost nothing is known about Peregrinus’ life, except that he wrote his famous treatise while serving as an engineer in the army of Charles I of Anjou that was

aquaculture, the propagation and husbandry of aquatic plants, animals, and other organisms for commercial, recreational, and scientific purposes. Aquaculture is an approximate aquatic equivalent to agriculture—that is, the rearing of certain marine and freshwater organisms to supplement the natural

ifrit: …in later literature from the mārid, another wicked and rebellious demon.

Sissy Spacek: Other film and TV credits and honors: Spacek starred in Marie (1985), a true-life political drama, and in Fisk’s romance Violets Are Blue… (1986), as well as the play adaptation ’Night, Mother (1986). She was nominated for a fifth Oscar and won a Golden Globe Award for her role in Beth Henley’s adaptation of her…

André Le Chapelain: …chaplain at the court of Marie, Countess of Champagne, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine. At Marie’s request André wrote the Liber. It was translated into French twice during the 13th century; Guillaume de Lorris drew upon it for the Roman de la rose. The Liber codifies the whole doctrine of…

Luxembourg: Independent Luxembourg: …William’s daughter, the grand duchess Marie Adélaïde, was more assertive and eventually became highly unpopular with the people. In 1914 the neutrality of Luxembourg was violated by Germany, which occupied the grand duchy until the Armistice of 1918. During the war, Marie Adélaïde had tolerated the illegal German occupation, for…

W.S. Van Dyke: Powell and Loy, Eddy and MacDonald: Marie Antoinette (1938) was an overlong but solid biopic about the Austrian princess who became queen of France. The lavish drama was a showcase for Norma Shearer, though Robert Morley’s performance as Louis XVI drew much acclaim; both were nominated for Oscars.

Sofia Coppola: … was followed by the less-appreciated Marie Antoinette (2006), adapted from Antonia Fraser’s revisionist and compassionate biography, Marie Antoinette: The Journey (2001). Set in lavish interiors and with elaborate costuming and a strikingly anachronistic 1980s soundtrack, Coppola’s film portrayed the young 18th-century queen-to-be (played by Kirsten Dunst) from a fresh, personal—rather…

Paris: Île Saint-Louis: The Marie Bridge to the Right Bank, which was completed as part of the contract, is the original span, although it has been modified for modern traffic. The Île Saint-Louis constitutes a tranquil neighbourhood in the centre of the busy city.

Marie Byrd Land, unclaimed region of Antarctica, bordering on the South Pacific Ocean and extending from the Ross Sea and Ice Shelf (west) to Ellsworth Land (east). The barren ice-capped region averages 2,600–6,500 feet (800–2,000 metres) above sea level in altitude, except along its mountainous

Audra McDonald: …in the title role of Marie Christine (1999), a musical retelling of Medea, written especially for her by Michael LaChiusa, marked her first leading role on Broadway. Though the critical approbation elicited by her acting was significant, it was exceeded by the attention paid to her lustrous lyric soprano. She…

For the 13th edition (1926) of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Marie Curie, cowinner of the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics and winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, wrote the entry on radium with her daughter Irène Curie, later Irène Joliot-Curie and cowinner of the 1935 Nobel Prize for

Mary was the duchess of Burgundy (1477–82), daughter and heiress of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy. Her crucial marriage to the archduke Maximilian (later Maximilian I), son of the Habsburg emperor Ferdinand III, resulted in Habsburg control of the Netherlands. Betrothed to Maximilian in 1476,

Marie De France was the earliest known French woman poet, creator of verse narratives on romantic and magical themes that perhaps inspired the musical lais of the later trouvères, and author of Aesopic and other fables, called Ysopets. Her works, of considerable charm and talent, were probably

Mary Of Lorraine was the regent of Scotland for her daughter, Mary Stuart, during the early years of the Scottish Reformation. A Roman Catholic, she pursued pro-French policies that involved her in civil war with Scotland’s Protestant nobles. Mary was the eldest child of Claude de Lorraine, 1er duc

Mary Of Lorraine was the regent of Scotland for her daughter, Mary Stuart, during the early years of the Scottish Reformation. A Roman Catholic, she pursued pro-French policies that involved her in civil war with Scotland’s Protestant nobles. Mary was the eldest child of Claude de Lorraine, 1er duc

Marie de Médicis was the queen consort of King Henry IV of France (reigned 1589–1610) and, from 1610 to 1614, regent for her son, King Louis XIII (reigned 1610–43). Marie was the daughter of Francesco de’ Medici, grand duke of Tuscany, and Joanna of Austria. Shortly after Henry IV divorced his

Irving Berlin: Early life and first songs: …his first published song, “Marie from Sunny Italy,” appeared in 1907; a printer’s error on this song named him Irving Berlin, a surname that he subsequently kept.

Henry King: Films of the 1930s: …he directed Spencer Tracy in Marie Galante, a popular thriller about a plot to blow up the Panama Canal. The following year King had a minor hit with the Depression-era One More Spring. Less impressive was Way Down East (1935), a remake of D.W. Griffith’s 1920 film, with Henry Fonda.

Jens Peter Jacobsen: …novel, Fru Marie Grubbe (1876; Marie Grubbe: A Lady of the Seventeenth Century), is a psychological study of a 17th-century woman whose natural instincts are stronger than her social instincts and result in her descent on the social scale from a viceroy’s consort to the wife of a ferryman. The…

Marie-Charles David de Mayrena was an eccentric French adventurer who became the self-styled king of the Sedang tribe of the northern Central Highlands in what is now southern Vietnam. After defrauding French authorities in Saigon, David de Mayrena fled to Kontum in the Central Highlands, where he

Portrait of Mademoiselle Charlotte du Val d’Ognes, unsigned oil painting believed to have been created about 1801 that is attributed to French artist Marie Denise Villers. The painting, which was likely exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1801, has had different attributions and interpretations, mostly

Marie Leszczyńska was the queen consort of King Louis XV of France (ruled 1715–74). Although she had no direct influence on French politics, her Polish dynastic connections involved France in a European conflict that resulted in the eventual annexation of Lorraine by France. Marie’s father,

Ursuline: In 1639 Marie Guyard (Marie of the Incarnation) founded the Ursuline house at Quebec, the first congregation of women to be established in North America.

Paris: Île Saint-Louis: …la Cité to a contractor, Christophe Marie, and two financiers. It was 37 years before Marie was able to unite the islets, dike the circumference, lay out a central avenue with 10 lateral streets, and rent space to householders. The church of Saint-Louis-en-l’Île was begun the same year, 1664, but…

Pierre Marie was a French neurologist whose discovery that growth disorders are caused by pituitary disease contributed to the modern science of endocrinology. A student of the neurologist Jean Charcot at the Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (1885), Marie published the first description of acromegaly

The Dick Van Dyke Show: …Amsterdam) and Sally Rogers (Rose Marie), who was always on the lookout for a husband—and the show’s pompous producer, Mel Cooley (Richard Deacon). Both Rob’s work family and his nuclear family—wife Laura (Mary Tyler Moore) and son Ritchie (Larry Matthews)—provided reliable vehicles for comedy. The Petries resided in New…

Marie-Amélie de Bourbon was the queen of Louis- Philippe, king of France (1830–48). She took no interest in politics and devoted her life to her husband and the bringing up of her eight children. The daughter of Ferdinand IV of Naples (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) and Queen Maria

Marie-Antoinette was the Austrian queen consort of King Louis XVI of France (1774–93). Her name is associated with the decline in the moral authority of the French monarchy in the closing years of the ancien régime, though her courtly extravagance was but a minor cause of the financial disorders of

Marie-Antoinette was the Austrian queen consort of King Louis XVI of France (1774–93). Her name is associated with the decline in the moral authority of the French monarchy in the closing years of the ancien régime, though her courtly extravagance was but a minor cause of the financial disorders of