Carlota was the wife of the emperor Maximilian of Mexico. The only daughter of Leopold I, king of the Belgians, and Princess Louise of Orléans, Carlota married at age 17 the archduke Maximilian, brother of the emperor Francis Joseph of Austria. They lived as the Austrian regents in Milan until

Canadian literature: World War II and the postwar period, 1935–60: …translated and published together as The Outlander), continued to examine rural society, though with greater detachment. One of the most prolific novelists, Yves Thériault, found new subjects among Quebec’s native peoples in Agaguk (1958; Eng. trans. Agaguk) and Ashini (1960; Eng. trans. Ashini).

Marie-Galante, island in the Lesser Antilles, eastern Caribbean Sea, and a dependency of Guadeloupe, an overseas département of France. It lies some 15 miles (25 km) southeast of the island of Grande-Terre. Marie-Galante is of coral and limestone structure and is round in shape, measuring some 10

Marie-Louise was an Austrian archduchess who became empress of the French (impératrice des Français) as the second wife of the emperor Napoleon I; she was later duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. Marie-Louise, a member of the house of Habsburg, was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman

mademoiselle: A later mademoiselle was Marie-Louise d’Orléans, daughter of Philippe I, duc d’Orleans (brother of Louis XIV), who became queen of Spain as the wife of Charles II.

Marie-Louise was an Austrian archduchess who became empress of the French (impératrice des Français) as the second wife of the emperor Napoleon I; she was later duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. Marie-Louise, a member of the house of Habsburg, was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman

Jules Massenet: …he also produced his oratorio, Marie-Magdeleine, later performed as an opera. This work exemplifies the mingling of religious feeling and eroticism often found in Massenet’s music. Massenet also composed more than 200 songs, a piano concerto, and several orchestral suites.

spondylitis: …most widely occurring forms are ankylosing spondylitis, hypertrophic spondylitis, and tuberculous spondylitis.

Marie-Thérèse of Austria was the queen consort of King Louis XIV of France (reigned 1643–1715). As the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and Elizabeth of France, Marie-Thérèse was betrothed to Louis by the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659), which ended a 24-year war between France and Spain. Under the

Marie-Thérèse of Austria was the queen consort of King Louis XIV of France (reigned 1643–1715). As the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and Elizabeth of France, Marie-Thérèse was betrothed to Louis by the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659), which ended a 24-year war between France and Spain. Under the

Montreal Botanical Garden: …Montreal founded in 1936 by Frère Marie-Victorin, one of the greatest of Canadian botanists. Spanning more than 75 hectares (185 acres), the Montreal Botanical Garden has approximately 20,000 plant species and cultivars under cultivation and maintains a herbarium consisting of nearly 100,000 reference specimens. Of the garden’s many greenhouses, 10…

Marieberg pottery, Swedish pottery produced at the factory of Marieberg on the island of Kungsholmen, not far from Stockholm, from about 1759 until 1788. When the Marieberg factory, founded by Johann Eberhard Ludwig Ehrenreich, encountered financial difficulties in 1766, Ehrenreich was succeeded by

Marcel Duchamp: Farewell to art: …Vierge à la Mariée and Mariée, both done in Munich, are among the finest works of the period. Again they were neither Cubist, nor Futurist, nor Abstract, but they expressed Duchamp’s typical vision of the body perceived in its inmost impulses.

Åland Islands: …and is the site of Mariehamn, the administrative capital, chief seaport, and only town. Also located on Åland is Orrdals Hill, the highest point of the archipelago, rising to a height of 423 feet (129 metres). From the 19th century until World War II, Mariehamn served as the centre of…

Mariel boatlift, mass emigration of people from Cuba to the United States by boat in April–October 1980. After communist leader Fidel Castro rose to political power in Cuba in 1959, he periodically closed the island’s borders and prevented Cuban citizens from leaving. In April 1980, however,

Mariánské Lázně, spa town, western Czech Republic. It is situated on the edge of the wooded hills southwest of Karlovy Vary. Its more than 40 mineral springs were long the property of the Premonstratensian Abbey (12th century) at Teplá, a few miles east of the town. When Josef Nehr, the abbey’s

Malbork, city, Pomorskie województwo (province), northern Poland. It lies on the Nogat River, the easternmost distributary of the Vistula River delta. The town was founded on the site of a medieval Prussian estate fortified by knights of the Teutonic Order in 1236 and was once the residence of

Lübeck: …Lübeck’s outstanding monuments are the Marienkirche (St. Mary’s Church, a 13th–14th-century brick structure in the Gothic style), the Romanesque cathedral (begun in 1173 under Henry III), and the magnificent Rathaus (city hall), built in a combination of Gothic and Renaissance styles. Waterways and parklands outline the inner city, where the…

Rainer Maria Rilke: Writing block and military service: …from a short poetry cycle, Das Marienleben (1913; The Life of the Virgin Mary), he did not publish anything for 13 years. The first works in which he transcended even his Neue Gedichte were written early in 1912—two long poems in the style of elegies. He did not undertake their…

Frauenlob: His best-known poem, Marienleich (“Mary’s Song”), is an impressive display of virtuosity in which the Virgin is praised in complex language that combines traditional religious imagery, double meanings, and esoteric philosophical allusions.

Mariental, town, south-central Namibia. It lies at an elevation of 3,576 feet (1,090 metres) and is situated 145 miles (232 km) north of Keetmanshoop and 170 miles (274 km) southeast of Windhoek, the national capital. The town and the surrounding area are in a hot, arid region. The eastern sections

Henri de La Tour d’Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne: Command of the French forces in Germany: …army was lost in the Battle of Marienthal (Mergentheim). Turenne fell back, and Mazarin sent Enghien to rescue him. Their united forces met the Bavarians in the Battle of Nördlingen and reached the Danube River but with such heavy losses in infantry that they soon had to return to the…

Marietta, city, seat (1788) of Washington county, southeastern Ohio, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum rivers, opposite Williamstown, West Virginia. Shortly after the construction (1785) there of Fort Harmar, Manasseh Cutler, the American Revolutionary War general Rufus

Marietta, city, seat (1834) of Cobb county, northwestern Georgia, U.S. It lies about 20 miles (30 km) northwest of Atlanta, in the Blue Ridge foothills. A settlement is thought to have existed on the site in the 1820s. The town was probably named for the wife of prominent jurist and legislator

Auguste Mariette was a French archaeologist who conducted major excavations throughout Egypt, revealing much about the earlier periods of Egyptian history. Mariette joined the Egyptian department of the Louvre in 1849 and in the following year traveled to Egypt to obtain ancient manuscripts.

Auguste Mariette was a French archaeologist who conducted major excavations throughout Egypt, revealing much about the earlier periods of Egyptian history. Mariette joined the Egyptian department of the Louvre in 1849 and in the following year traveled to Egypt to obtain ancient manuscripts.

Santa María, Christopher Columbus’ flagship on his first voyage to America. About 117 feet (36 metres) long, the “Santa María” had a deck, three masts, and forecastle and sterncastle and was armed with bombards that fired granite balls. She performed well in the voyage but ran aground off Haiti on

Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac was a Swiss chemist whose work with atomic weights suggested the possibility of isotopes and the packing fraction of nuclei and whose study of the rare-earth elements led to his discovery of ytterbium in 1878 and codiscovery of gadolinium in 1880. After studying

Battle of Marignano, (Sept. 13–14, 1515), French victory over a Swiss army in the first Italian campaign of Francis I of France. Fought near the village of Marignano (modern Melegnano), 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Milan, the battle resulted in the French recovery of Milan and in the conclusion of

Giovanni dei Marignolli was a Franciscan friar and one of four legates sent to the court of the Mongol emperor of China, Togon-Temür, at Khanbaliq (Beijing). Marignolli’s notes on the journey, though fragmentary, contain vivid descriptions that established him among the notable travelers to the Far

Enguerrand de Marigny was a powerful chamberlain to the French king Philip IV the Fair, who depended heavily on Marigny’s advice on foreign policy and on relations between king and church. Marigny was described as the man who knew all the king’s secrets and who encouraged Philip to make drastic

marigold, (genus Tagetes), genus of about 50 species of annual herbs of the aster family (Asteraceae), native to southwestern North America, tropical America, and South America. The name marigold also refers to the pot marigold (genus Calendula) and unrelated plants of several families. Members of

Louise Glück: …her first work of fiction, Marigold and Rose. The novella centres on a pair of infant twins.

Saint-Martin: Marigot is the capital.

marijuana, crude drug composed of the leaves and flowers of plants in the genus Cannabis. The term marijuana is sometimes used interchangeably with cannabis; however, the latter refers specifically to the plant genus, which comprises C. sativa and, by some classifications, C. indica and C.

Mariinsky Ballet, prominent Russian ballet company, part of the Mariinsky Theatre of Opera and Ballet in St. Petersburg. Its traditions, deriving from its predecessor, the Imperial Russian Ballet, are based on the work of such leading 19th-century choreographers as Jules Perrot, Arthur Saint-Léon,

Mariinsky Ballet, prominent Russian ballet company, part of the Mariinsky Theatre of Opera and Ballet in St. Petersburg. Its traditions, deriving from its predecessor, the Imperial Russian Ballet, are based on the work of such leading 19th-century choreographers as Jules Perrot, Arthur Saint-Léon,

Kyiv: City layout: Nearby is the attractive Mariinsky Palace, built in 1747–55 for the tsaritsa Elizabeth, reconstructed in 1870, and now used for government receptions.

Mariinsky Theatre, Russian imperial theatre in St. Petersburg. The theatre opened in 1860 and was named for Maria Aleksandrovna, wife of the reigning tsar. Ballet was not performed there until 1880 and was presented regularly only after 1889, when the Imperial Russian Ballet became its resident

Marijampolė, administrative centre of a rayon (sector), Lithuania. Marijampolė lies along both banks of the Šešupė River. The settlement developed as a monastic centre in the 18th century, when it was known as Starapolė, and achieved urban status in 1758. After World War II it developed as an

marijuana, crude drug composed of the leaves and flowers of plants in the genus Cannabis. The term marijuana is sometimes used interchangeably with cannabis; however, the latter refers specifically to the plant genus, which comprises C. sativa and, by some classifications, C. indica and C.

rederijkerskamer: The miracle play Mariken van Nieumeghen (c. 1500) is remarkably modern both in its psychological insight and in its technique. The “miracle” of the renegade’s conversion is achieved through the simple and realistic device of her confrontation with a topical “pageant” street play, a theme within a theme.…

Marília, city, west-central São Paulo estado (state), Brazil, lying between the Aguapeí and Peixe rivers in the highlands at 2,139 feet (652 metres) above sea level. Founded in 1611, it was made the seat of a municipality and given city status in 1928. Agriculture (rice, coffee, peanuts), livestock

Tomás Antônio Gonzaga: …book of pastoral love lyrics, Marília de Dirceu. It was published in three parts in 1792, 1799, and 1812 and chronicles his relationship with Marília. Shortly after arriving in Mozambique, Gonzaga married an heiress and remained there the rest of his life, holding important posts in the colony.

St. Louise de Marillac ; canonized March 11, 1934; feast day March 15) was a cofounder with St. Vincent de Paul of the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, a congregation of laywomen dedicated to teaching and hospital work. Louise was a member of the powerful de Marillac family and was well

Marilyn Manson: …vocalist of the rock band Marilyn Manson, which he cofounded with guitarist Scott Putesky in 1989. The band became popular for its blend of industrial rock, glam rock, and alternative metal and for its controversial image and lyrics, which often challenge societal norms and provoke strong reactions.

John Rechy: (1979), Bodies and Souls (1983), Marilyn’s Daughter (1988), Our Lady of Babylon (1996), The Coming of the Night (1999), The Life and Adventures of Lyle Clemens (2003), After the Blue Hour (2017), and Pablo! (2018). In addition, he published the essay collection Beneath the Skin (2004). About My

marimba, any of several varieties of xylophone. Marimba is one of many African names for the xylophone, and, because African instruments bearing this name frequently have a tuned calabash resonator for each wooden bar, some ethnomusicologists use the name marimba to distinguish gourd-resonated from

Río de la Plata: Physiography of the Alto Paraná basin: …its numerous waterfalls—such as the Marimbondo Falls, with a height of 72 feet (22 metres)—makes it of little use for navigation. The Paranaíba, which also has numerous waterfalls, is formed by many affluents, the northernmost headstream being the São Bartolomeu River, which rises just to the east of Brasília.

ancient Egypt: Predynastic Egypt: …Egypt have been found at Marimda Banī Salāma, on the southwestern edge of the delta, and farther to the southwest, in Al-Fayyūm. The site at Marimda Banī Salāma, which dates to the 6th–5th millennium bce, gives evidence of settlement and shows that cereals were grown. In Al-Fayyūm, where evidence dates…

Frank Lloyd Wright: International success and acclaim of Frank Lloyd Wright: …New York City and the Marin County government centre near San Francisco. The Guggenheim Museum was commissioned as early as 1943 to house a permanent collection of abstract art. Construction began in 1956, and the museum opened in 1959 after Wright’s death. The Guggenheim, which has no separate floor levels…

Marīnid dynasty, Amazigh (Berber) dynasty that replaced Almohad rule in Morocco and, temporarily, in other parts of northern Africa during the 13th–15th century. The Marīnids were a tribe of the Zanātah group—traditional allies of the Umayyad caliphs of Córdoba in Spain. The Marīnids had been

Biagio Marin was an Italian poet noted for writing with clarity and simplicity in the unique Venetian dialect spoken on Grado. Marin spent his earliest years on Grado, an island in the Lagoon of Venice. He later attended the University of Vienna (1912–14) and was drafted into the Austrian army

Francisco de Paula Marín was a horticultural experimenter who introduced numerous plant species to the Hawaiian Islands. Marín acquired his horticultural knowledge as a youth working in the Andalusian vineyards of Spain. He was taken to California and then to the Hawaiian Islands, then known as the

John Marin was an American painter and printmaker especially known for his expressionistic watercolour seascapes of Maine and his views of Manhattan. After working as an architectural draftsman, Marin studied painting at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia and at the Art

Neoclassical art: France: …included the sculptors Joseph Chinard, Joseph-Charles Marin, Antoine-Denis Chaudet, and Baron François-Joseph Bosio. The early sculpture of Ingres’s well-known contemporary François Rude was Neoclassical.

Sanna Marin is a Finnish politician who was the youngest person to serve as prime minister of Finland (2019– ). She became leader of the liberal Social Democratic Party in 2020. Marin was born in Helsinki, but she grew up in Pirkkala, where she graduated from high school in 2004. Her parents

Sanna Marin is a Finnish politician who was the youngest person to serve as prime minister of Finland (2019– ). She became leader of the liberal Social Democratic Party in 2020. Marin was born in Helsinki, but she grew up in Pirkkala, where she graduated from high school in 2004. Her parents

Marina was a Mexican Native American princess, one of a group of enslaved women given as a peace offering to the Spanish conquistadors by the Tabascan people (1519). She became mistress, guide, and interpreter to Hernán Cortés during his conquest of Mexico. The success of his ventures was often

Pericles: …Tyre, Thaisa gives birth to Marina during a violent storm. Pericles, believing his wife has died in childbirth, buries her at sea, but she is rescued and joins the temple of the goddess Diana at Ephesus. Pericles leaves his newborn daughter with Cleon, the governor of Tarsus, and his wife,…

Espiritu Santo, largest (1,420 square miles [3,677 square km]) and westernmost island of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Volcanic in origin, it has a mountain range running along its west coast; Tabwémasana rises to 6,165 feet (1,879 meters), the highest point in Vanuatu. The island is

Marina Abramović: …wide-ranging retrospective of Abramović’s work, The Artist Is Present. For the exhibition, Abramović debuted the eponymous performance piece, in which she sat quietly as museum patrons took turns sitting opposite and looking at her as she gazed back. The chance to participate in the work helped attract long lines of…

Marina City, mid-century modern multibuilding development located at 300–350 North State Street and 315–339 North Dearborn Street along the Chicago River in downtown Chicago. Completed in 1968, it was designed by Bertrand Goldberg as an urban experiment to draw middle-class Chicagoans back to the

Bastia, city, capital of Haute-Corse département, Corse région, France. It lies on the northeastern coast of Corsica, 22 miles (35 km) south of the island’s northernmost point, the tip of Cape Corse. It is close to the Italian mainland (73 miles [117 km] from Livorno), and across the Tyrrhenian Sea

Marina was a Mexican Native American princess, one of a group of enslaved women given as a peace offering to the Spanish conquistadors by the Tabascan people (1519). She became mistress, guide, and interpreter to Hernán Cortés during his conquest of Mexico. The success of his ventures was often

Justinian was the patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church (1948–77) who helped his church become one of the strongest in Eastern Europe. After completing his studies at the Theological Faculty at Bucharest, Justinian was ordained in 1923 and worked in a parish until he was appointed to the staff

St. Margaret of Antioch ; Eastern feast day July 13; Western feast day July 20) was a virgin martyr and one of the 14 Holy Helpers (a group of saints jointly commemorated on August 8), who was one of the most venerated saints during the Middle Ages. Her story, generally regarded to be fictitious,

frozen meal: Marinating: …develop desirable sensory attributes, a marinade is often helpful. Typical marinades contain salt, vinegar, lemon juice, spices, citric acid, and oil. Tenderization of meats is particularly enhanced by marinades that contain proteolytic enzymes—that is, enzymes that help to break down proteins. Meats are simply soaked in the marinade, or they…

frozen meal: Marinating: …develop desirable sensory attributes, a marinade is often helpful. Typical marinades contain salt, vinegar, lemon juice, spices, citric acid, and oil. Tenderization of meats is particularly enhanced by marinades that contain proteolytic enzymes—that is, enzymes that help to break down proteins. Meats are simply soaked in the marinade, or they…

Spyridon Marinatos was a Greek archaeologist whose most notable discovery was the site of an ancient port city on the island of Thera, in the southern Aegean Sea. The city, the name of which was not discovered, apparently had about 20,000 inhabitants when it was destroyed by the great volcanic

Spyridon Marinatos was a Greek archaeologist whose most notable discovery was the site of an ancient port city on the island of Thera, in the southern Aegean Sea. The city, the name of which was not discovered, apparently had about 20,000 inhabitants when it was destroyed by the great volcanic

Oceanic art and architecture: The Marind-anim: The people of the coast and hinterland areas of New Guinea northwest of the Torres Strait and east of Frederik Hendrik Island (Yos Sudarso Island), in what is now the Indonesian province of Papua, included the large tribe of the Marind-anim. Their material culture…

Oceanic art and architecture: The Marind-anim: The people of the coast and hinterland areas of New Guinea northwest of the Torres Strait and east of Frederik Hendrik Island (Yos Sudarso Island), in what is now the Indonesian province of Papua, included the large tribe of the Marind-anim. Their material culture…

Marinduque, island, Philippines, in the Sibuyan Sea, south of Luzon and east of Mindoro. A substantial part of the hilly, oval-shaped island is devoted to agriculture (coconuts, rice). There are also cattle ranches and rich fishing grounds, and iron ore and copper mining are important. Boac, on the

marine, member of a military force especially recruited, trained, and organized for service at sea and in land operations incident to naval campaigns. The use of marines goes far back in history. The 5th-century-bce Greek historians Herodotus and Thucydides referred to epibatai, or heavy-armed sea

evolution: Gametic isolation: Marine animals often discharge their eggs and sperm into the surrounding water, where fertilization takes place. Gametes of different species may fail to attract one another. For example, the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and S. franciscanus can be induced to release their eggs and sperm…

Census of Marine Life: Origins and oversight: …OBIS, was synthesized by the Future of Marine Animal Populations (FMAP) modeling project in an effort to forecast likely scenarios for delicate marine ecosystems.

Census of Marine Life: Origins and oversight: …knowledge was collected, and the History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) project, which endeavoured to survey historical data for indications of human impact on the oceans. A further 14 field projects were established throughout the following decade, drawing on the scientific communities of 82 countries. Their focus was refined in…

United States Marine Corps: ” The Marine Band, the oldest musical organization in the U.S. armed forces, is known as “The President’s Own” because of its privilege of performing at all state functions at the White House. The official colours of the Corps are scarlet and gold, but forest green enjoys…

Marine Biological Laboratory, independent international research and educational organization founded at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U.S., in 1888. It was established by the Women’s Educational Association of Boston, the Boston Society of Natural History, and other organizations and was modeled on

marine biology, the science that deals with animals and plants that live in the sea. It also deals with airborne and terrestrial organisms that depend directly upon bodies of salt water for food and other necessities of life. In the broadest sense it attempts to describe all vital phenomena

marine bioluminescence, heatless light generated chemically by marine organisms. Bioluminescence is exhibited by a wide variety of oceanic organisms, from bacteria to large squids and fishes. The light is emitted when a flavin pigment, luciferin, is oxidized in the presence of luciferase, an enzyme

undersea cable, assembly of conductors enclosed by an insulating sheath and laid on the ocean floor for the transmission of messages. Undersea cables for transmitting telegraph signals antedated the invention of the telephone; the first undersea telegraph cable was laid in 1850 between England and

marine west coast climate, major climate type of the Köppen classification characterized by equable climates with few extremes of temperature and ample precipitation in all months. It is located poleward of the Mediterranean climate region on the western sides of the continents, between 35° and 60°

cloud whitening, untested geoengineering technique designed to increase the reflectance of Earth’s cloud cover to reduce the amount of incoming solar radiation striking Earth’s surface. This technique would rely upon towering spraying devices placed on land and mounted on oceangoing vessels. These

United States Marine Corps (USMC), separate military service within the U.S. Department of the Navy, charged with the provision of marine troops for seizure and defense of advanced bases and with conducting operations on land and in the air incident to naval campaigns. It is also responsible for

war college: Marine Corps War College: MCWAR, the smallest of the war colleges, was founded in 1990 as the art of war studies program at Quantico, Virginia. Under its present name, it became the Marine Corps’ professional military education school the following year. In 1994 it began…

Marine Corps War Memorial, monument in Arlington county, Va., honouring the members of the United States Marine Corps who have served and died in defense of the United States since the founding of the Corps in 1775. The memorial is located near Arlington National Cemetery. It was designed by Horace

dolphin: Paleontology and classification: Family Delphinidae (oceanic, or marine, dolphins)37 species in 17 genera found worldwide, some of which occasionally venture into fresh water. Genus Lagenorhynchus (white-sided and white-beaked dolphins)6 species found in subpolar to temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere and polar to temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere.

marine ecosystem, complex of living organisms in the ocean environment. Marine waters cover two-thirds of the surface of the Earth. In some places the ocean is deeper than Mount Everest is high; for example, the Mariana Trench and the Tonga Trench in the western part of the Pacific Ocean reach

naval architecture, the art and science of designing boats and ships to perform the missions and to meet the requirements laid down by the prospective owners and operators. It involves knowledge of mechanics, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, steady and unsteady body motion, strength of materials, and

evolution: Gametic isolation: Marine animals often discharge their eggs and sperm into the surrounding water, where fertilization takes place. Gametes of different species may fail to attract one another. For example, the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and S. franciscanus can be induced to release their eggs and sperm…

marine geology, scientific discipline that is concerned with all geological aspects of the continental shelves and slopes and the ocean basins. In practice, the principal focus of marine geology has been on marine sedimentation and on the interpretation of the many bottom samples that have been

marine geophysics, scientific discipline that is concerned with the application of geophysical methods to problems of marine geology. Each of the principal branches of geophysical knowledge is involved: heat-flow data are obtained from ocean floors and from the midoceanic ridges; seismic reflection

sea cave, cave formed in a cliff by wave action of an ocean or lake. Sea caves occur on almost every cliffed headland or coast where the waves break directly on a rock cliff and are formed by mechanical erosion rather than the chemical solution process that is responsible for the majority of inland

Inside Passage, natural sheltered sea route extending for more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from Seattle (Washington, U.S.) northwest to Skagway (Alaska, U.S.). It comprises channels and straits between the mainland and islands (including Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, and the Alexander

surgeon general of the United States: … system in 1870 of the Marine Hospital Service, a group of hospitals originally constructed to provide health services at key sea and river ports to merchant marines. Expansion of the military and growth in the science of public health led to the need for a national hospital system with centralized…

sea ice: …of sea ice, known as marine ice, forms far below the ocean surface at the bottom of ice shelves in Antarctica. Occasionally seen in icebergs that calve from the ice shelves, marine ice can appear green due to organic matter in the ice.

lizard: General features: One living lizard, the marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) of the Galapagos Islands, feeds on algae in the sea. However, it spends much of its time basking on lava rocks on the islands. No other extant lizard species is marine, but several are partially aquatic and feed on freshwater organisms.

marine insurance, contract whereby, for a consideration stipulated to be paid by one interested in a ship or cargo that is subject to the risks of marine navigation, another undertakes to indemnify him against some or all of those risks during a certain period or voyage. Marine insurance is the