oriole: The maroon oriole (O. traillii) of the Himalayas to Indochina is one of the Asian species of oriole that have a glowing crimson colouring instead of the ordinary yellow one. Northern Australia has the yellow oriole (O. flavicinctus), which is strictly a fruit eater.

John Sturges: Later films: Less popular was Marooned (1969), a slow and unyielding drama about three astronauts (James Franciscus, Gene Hackman, and Richard Crenna) stranded in space after their spacecraft’s engine malfunctions.

Mureş River, river, rising in the Giurgeu Range in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, east-central Romania. It cuts a gorge between the Căliman and Gurghiu ranges, crosses the Transylvanian Basin southwestward, and then cuts across the Western Carpathians between the Poiana Ruscăi and the Bihoru

Madagascar: Political evolution from 1650 to 1810: Two of them, the Maroserana in the southwest and the Andriana-Merina in central Madagascar, would go on to create vast empires, each with its own apex and decline, between about 1650 and 1896, the year the French annexed Madagascar. While the Maroserana were able to establish their rulers over…

Târgu Mureş, city, capital of Mureş judeƫ (county), north-central Romania. It lies in the valley of the Mureş River, in the southeastern part of the Transylvanian Basin. First mentioned in the early 14th century, it was a cattle and crop market town called Agropolis by Greek traders. In the 15th

Clément Marot was one of the greatest poets of the French Renaissance, whose use of the forms and imagery of Latin poetry had a marked influence on the style of his successors. His father, Jean, was a poet and held a post at the court of Anne de Bretagne and later served Francis I. In 1514 Marot

Daniel Marot was a French-born Dutch architect, decorative designer, and engraver whose opulent and elaborate designs contributed to European styles of decoration in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. His many engravings provide an excellent record of the fashions of the times, including the

Helen Marot was an American writer, librarian, and labor organizer, best remembered for her efforts to address child labor and improve the working conditions of women. Marot grew up in an affluent and cultured family and was educated in Quaker schools. In 1896 she worked as a librarian in

French literature: Language and learning in 16th-century Europe: …Guillaume Crétin, Octovien de Saint-Gellais, Jean Marot, Jean Bouchet, and Jean Lemaire de Belges), better known for their commitment to formal play, rhyme games, and allegorizing, in the medieval tradition. Writing inspired by the medieval tradition continued to be produced well into the 16th century. Old and New Testaments of…

Jean Marot was a French architect and engraver who was one of a large family of Parisian craftsmen and artists. Although he was a Protestant, Marot was named architect of the king. He was also the architect of various private houses, including the Hôtel de Pussort, Hôtel de Mortemart, and Hôtel de

Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, uncommon hereditary metabolic disease characterized by dwarfism, hearing loss, and progressive skeletal deformity. Onset of the disease is usually in early childhood, with some coarsening of facial features evident by the first birthday. Eye changes, consisting of corneal

Carlos María Isidro de Borbón, conde de Molina: …August 1839, the Carlist general Rafael Maroto signed the Convention of Vergara, by which the liberals recognized Basque legal privileges, most of the fighting ceased and Don Carlos went into exile. He abdicated his pretensions in 1845, taking the title conde de Molina, in the vain hope that his son…

Maroua, town located in northern Cameroon. It is situated in the foothills of the Mandara Mountains, along the Kaliao River. An important marketing centre, it lies at the intersection of roads from Mokolo (northwest), Bogo (northeast), and Garoua (southwest). The town’s agricultural exports are

Kokoda Track Campaign: The battle for New Guinea: …command that became known as Maroubra Force. The Japanese were seasoned veterans and experienced night fighters, but Maroubra Force, despite being heavily outnumbered and outgunned, acquitted itself well. It carried out a fighting retreat to Deniki, 4 miles (6 km) south of Kokoda village, after the Japanese pushed it out…

art conservation and restoration: Paintings on canvas: …(a process known as “marouflage”)—is still sometimes done for various reasons.

Alexandria: City site: …separates the salt lake of Maryūṭ, or Mareotis—now partly drained and cultivated—from the Egyptian mainland. An hourglass-shaped promontory formed by the silting up of a mole (the Heptastadion), which was built soon after Alexandria’s founding, links the island of Pharos with the city centre on the mainland. Its two steeply…

Maroni River, river forming the boundary between French Guiana and Suriname (formerly Dutch Guiana), in South America. It rises on the northern slopes of the Tumuc-Humac Mountains, near the Brazilian border, and descends generally northward through dense tropical rain forests, to enter the Atlantic

John XI: He was the son of Marozia (dominant lady of the Roman Crescentii family) perhaps by her reputed lover, Pope Sergius III. John was consecrated in February/March 931. He served his mother’s political ends until 932/933, when his half-brother Alberic II (Marozia’s son by Duke Alberic I of Spoleto), the self-proclaimed…

Páros: …single peak, Profítis Ilías (classical Marpessa), 2,530 feet (771 metres) in height, which slopes evenly on all sides to a maritime plain that is broadest on the northeast and southwest sides. The island is mainly composed of marble. On a bay on the northwest lies the capital, Páros (or Paroikía),…

antidepressant: For instance, the MAOIs—chiefly isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine—in general are used only after treatment with tricyclic drugs has proved unsatisfactory, because these drugs’ side effects are unpredictable and their complex interactions are incompletely understood. Fluoxetine often relieves cases of depression that have failed to yield to tricyclics or MAOIs.

Miss Marple, fictional character, an English detective who is featured in a series of more than 15 detective novels by Agatha Christie. Miss Marple (as she is always called in the narration) is an elderly amateur sleuth who has always lived in St. Mary Mead, a snug English village. A natural

Miss Marple, fictional character, an English detective who is featured in a series of more than 15 detective novels by Agatha Christie. Miss Marple (as she is always called in the narration) is an elderly amateur sleuth who has always lived in St. Mary Mead, a snug English village. A natural

ship: International conventions: In 1973 and 1978 the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) came up with regulations that cover internal arrangements of tankers in order to minimize oil spills following hull ruptures.

Native American: Pacific Coast Archaic cultures: …the 1st millennium bce the Marpole complex, a distinctive toolmaking tradition focusing on ground slate, appeared in the Fraser River area. Marpole people shared a basic resemblance to historic Northwest Coast groups in terms of their maritime emphasis, woodworking, large houses, and substantial villages.

Marprelate Controversy, brief but well-known pamphlet war (1588–89) carried on by English Puritans using secret presses; they attacked the episcopacy as “profane, proud, paltry, popish, pestilent, pernicious, presumptious prelates.” The tracts, of which seven survive, never had the support of

Richard Overton was an English pamphleteer and a Leveler leader during the English Civil Wars and Commonwealth. The details of Overton’s early life are obscure, though he probably lived in Holland and studied at Queens’ College, Cambridge, before becoming a professional actor and playwright in

Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg was a German composer and writer remembered for his theoretical and critical writings on music. Nothing is known of his musical education. In 1746 he was secretary to a Prussian general in Paris, where he met Voltaire and the composer Jean Rameau. He later lived in Berlin

history of logic: Leibniz: …Sanders Peirce and his student Allan Marquand in the 19th century, and with wide success on modern computers after World War II.

John P. Marquand was an American novelist who recorded the shifting patterns of middle- and upper-class American society in the mid-20th century. Marquand grew up in New York City and suburban Rye in comfortable circumstances until his father’s business failure, when he was sent to live with

John P. Marquand was an American novelist who recorded the shifting patterns of middle- and upper-class American society in the mid-20th century. Marquand grew up in New York City and suburban Rye in comfortable circumstances until his father’s business failure, when he was sent to live with

letter of marque, the name given to the commission issued by a belligerent state to a private shipowner authorizing him to employ his vessel as a ship of war. A ship so used is termed a privateer. Before regular navies were established, states relied on the assistance of private ships equipped for

Television: …(1975), and much-touted debut album, Marquee Moon (1977), the extended guitar solo found a place in a movement that generally rebelled against intricate musicianship. The principal members were Tom Verlaine (original name Thomas Miller; b. December 13, 1949, Mount Morris, New Jersey, U.S.—January 28, 2023, New York, New York), Richard…

ABC: …weekly in 1903 by journalist Torcuato Luca de Tena y Alvarez-Ossorio, who later (1929) was made the marqués de Luca de Tena by King Alfonso XIII in recognition of his accomplishments with ABC. The paper became a daily in 1905 and after 1929 published a Seville edition.

Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque de Palmela was a Portuguese liberal statesman and supporter of Queen Maria II. Palmela was born abroad during his father’s tour of duty in the diplomatic corps. His family, and particularly his mother, had suffered from the Marquês de Pombal’s despotism. Educated

René Marqués was a playwright, short-story writer, critic, and Puerto Rican nationalist whose work shows deep social and artistic commitment. Marqués graduated in 1942 from the College of Agricultural Arts of Mayagüez. He studied at the University of Madrid in 1946 and later studied writing at

Oceanic art and architecture: Polynesia: …in the earliest phase of Marquesan culture (ad 300–600), as are small perforated shell disks that might have been attached to the coronets typical of later periods. A few simple stone figures belong to a “developmental” phase (ad 600–1300); one closely resembles small stone figures from Necker Island, the most…

kingfisher: The Marquesan kingfisher (Todiramphus godeffroyi), one of the most endangered kingfishers, faces a different suite of threats. Once found on a handful of islands in the Marquesas chain, the species is now limited to only one, Tahuata. The bird’s decline has been attributed to habitat degradation…

Marquesas Islands, pair of volcanic archipelagoes in French Polynesia in the central South Pacific Ocean, 740 miles (1,200 km) northeast of Tahiti. The islands are, for the most part, high and craggy, with jagged peaks rising in places to some 4,000 feet (1,200 metres). The largest (77 square miles

marquess, marquess equivalentsa European title of nobility, ranking in modern times immediately below a duke and above a count, or earl. Etymologically the word marquess or margrave denoted a count or earl holding a march, or mark, that is, a frontier district; but this original significance has

Marquess of Queensberry rules, code of rules that most directly influenced modern boxing. Written by John Graham Chambers, a member of the British Amateur Athletic Club, the rules were first published in 1867 under the sponsorship of John Sholto Douglas, ninth marquess of Queensberry, from whom

Henri Matisse: Revolutionary years of Henri Matisse: …accompanied by his close friend Albert Marquet, who was also interested in the problem of pure color, he began to paint outdoor scenes in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, in suburban Arcueil, and from the open window of his apartment overlooking the Seine.

marquetry, thin sheets of wood, metal, or organic material, such as shell or mother-of-pearl, cut into intricate patterns according to a preconceived design and affixed to the flat surfaces of furniture. The process became popular in France in the late 16th century and received an enormous stimulus

Ludington, city, seat (1874) of Mason county, western Michigan, U.S. It is on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Pere Marquette River, about 60 miles (100 km) north of Muskegon. Settled in the 1840s, it was originally named Marquette for Jacques Marquette, the Jesuit explorer who died there in 1675

Marquette, city, seat (1851) of Marquette county, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S. On the shore of Lake Superior, overlooked by Sugarloaf Mountain (north), it lies about 65 miles (105 km) north-northwest of Escanaba. Founded in 1849 as Worcester and renamed for Jesuit explorer Jacques Marquette,

William Holabird: …of glass, as in their Marquette Building (1894, Chicago). Their Gage Building (1898, Chicago), with a facade by the brilliant architect Louis Sullivan, was cited as a Chicago architectural landmark in 1962. Although their buildings lack the virtuosity of Sullivan’s or Root’s, Holabird and Roche were unequalled in their perseverance…

Marquette University, private coeducational institution of higher learning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. Although the funding for a Jesuit school in Milwaukee had been secured by 1848, Marquette College was not established until

Precambrian: Shelf-type sediments: …as well as in the Marquette Range of Michigan in the United States, in the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan in northwestern India, and at Hamersley and Broken Hill in Australia. Other constituents of these dolomites include evaporites

Marquette University, private coeducational institution of higher learning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. Although the funding for a Jesuit school in Milwaukee had been secured by 1848, Marquette College was not established until

Jacques Marquette was a French Jesuit missionary explorer who, with Louis Jolliet, travelled down the Mississippi River and reported the first accurate data on its course. Marquette arrived in Quebec in 1666. After a study of Indian languages, he assisted in founding a mission at Sault Ste. Marie

Cuban Revolution: 1958, the decisive year: …Rivero Agüero, Batista’s chosen successor; Carlos Márquez Sterling, who was supported by some moderate groups; and former president Ramón Grau San Martín, the candidate of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. Castro threatened violence against both candidates and voters in the days before the election, and, when Cubans went to the polls…

Felipe González Márquez is a Spanish lawyer and Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE) politician who was prime minister of Spain from 1982 to 1996. During his four terms in office, he consolidated Spain’s fledgling democracy, oversaw continued economic growth,

Gustavo Petro: The 2022 Colombian presidential election: Petro’s running mate, Francia Márquez, became the first Black woman to serve as Colombia’s vice president.

Gabriel García Márquez was a Colombian novelist and one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982, mostly for his masterpiece Cien años de soledad (1967; One Hundred Years of Solitude). He was the fourth Latin American to be so honored,

Floyd Mayweather, Jr.: …ring in September 2009 against Juan Manuel Márquez, a natural lightweight and crowd favorite who moved up two divisions to accept the bout. Although Márquez showed great fortitude, the judges awarded Mayweather a unanimous decision after 12 rounds.

Spanish literature: Drama: The poetic, nostalgic drama of Eduardo Marquina revived lyric theatre, together with the so-called género chico (light dramatic or operatic one-act playlets). Serafín and Joaquín Alvarez Quintero appropriated the latter’s popular costumbrista setting for comedy, while Carlos Arniches

marquess, marquess equivalentsa European title of nobility, ranking in modern times immediately below a duke and above a count, or earl. Etymologically the word marquess or margrave denoted a count or earl holding a march, or mark, that is, a frontier district; but this original significance has

origins of agriculture: Wheat: The development of the world-famous Marquis wheat in Canada, released to farmers in 1900, came about through sustained scientific effort. Sir Charles Saunders, its discoverer, followed five principles of plant breeding: (1) the use of plant introductions; (2) a planned crossbreeding program; (3) the rigid selection of material; (4) evaluation…

qing: The set unearthed at the tomb of Zenghouyi, however, had as many as 32 pieces (in addition, there were nine spare pieces). Each piece was engraved with the name of the tone it sounded. The additional pieces were used as needed to sound tones lacking in the main set.

Don Marquis was a U.S. newspaperman, poet, and playwright, creator of the literary characters Archy, the cockroach, and Mehitabel, the cat, wry, down-and-out philosophers of the 1920s. Educated at Knox College, Galesburg, Ill., Marquis worked as a reporter on The Atlanta Journal. When in 1907 Joel

Don Marquis was a U.S. newspaperman, poet, and playwright, creator of the literary characters Archy, the cockroach, and Mehitabel, the cat, wry, down-and-out philosophers of the 1920s. Educated at Knox College, Galesburg, Ill., Marquis worked as a reporter on The Atlanta Journal. When in 1907 Joel

The Marquise of O, novella by German writer Heinrich von Kleist, published in 1808 in the literary journal Phöbus (which he coedited) as Die Marquise von O. It was collected in Erzählungen (1810–11; “Stories”). Like much of Kleist’s fiction, this work is suffused with ambiguity, irony, paradox, and

Heinrich von Kleist: …Chile”), “Michael Kohlhaas,” and “Die Marquise von O…” have become well-known as tales of violence and mystery. They are all characterized by an extraordinary economy, power, and vividness and by a tragic subject matter in which men are driven to the limits of their endurance by the violence of…

Marquesas Islands, pair of volcanic archipelagoes in French Polynesia in the central South Pacific Ocean, 740 miles (1,200 km) northeast of Tahiti. The islands are, for the most part, high and craggy, with jagged peaks rising in places to some 4,000 feet (1,200 metres). The largest (77 square miles

Modest Mouse: …musicians, including former Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr for several years. Brock, who had once worked as an artists-and-repertoire (A&R) agent for Seattle label Sub Pop Records, founded his own label in 2005, and he devoted much of his energy to signing and promoting emerging artists.

Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr was a Georgian linguist, archaeologist, and ethnographer specializing in the languages of the Caucasus. A professor at St. Petersburg University from 1902, Marr published numerous collections of old Georgian and Armenian literature and attempted to prove a relationship

antisemitism: …1879 by the German agitator Wilhelm Marr to designate the anti-Jewish campaigns underway in central Europe at that time. Nazi antisemitism, which culminated in the Holocaust, had a racist dimension in that it targeted Jews because of their supposed biological characteristics—even those who had themselves converted to other religions or…

Marrah Mountains, mountain range, a rugged volcanic chain extending for 100 miles (160 km) west-southwest of Al-Fāshir, in western Sudan. The highest point of the Nile–Lake Chad watershed, the mountains reach heights of more than 10,000 feet (3,000 meters). Some intermittent tributaries of the

Nicaragua: Relief: …divided into two groups: the Cordillera de los Marrabios in the north and the Pueblos Mesas in the south. The highest volcanoes include San Cristóbal (5,840 feet [1,780 metres]), Concepción (5,282 feet [1,610 metres]), and Momotombo (4,199 feet [1,280 metres]).

Marrah Mountains, mountain range, a rugged volcanic chain extending for 100 miles (160 km) west-southwest of Al-Fāshir, in western Sudan. The highest point of the Nile–Lake Chad watershed, the mountains reach heights of more than 10,000 feet (3,000 meters). Some intermittent tributaries of the

Marrah Mountains, mountain range, a rugged volcanic chain extending for 100 miles (160 km) west-southwest of Al-Fāshir, in western Sudan. The highest point of the Nile–Lake Chad watershed, the mountains reach heights of more than 10,000 feet (3,000 meters). Some intermittent tributaries of the

Darfur: Geography: …metres), with the highest peak, Mount Marrah, rising to 10,131 feet (3,088 metres). Elsewhere the sparsely populated plains of Darfur are relatively featureless and arid, particularly in the north, where they merge into the Libyan Desert. Soils, which are generally stony or sandy, support some seasonal grass and low thorny…

Marrakech, chief city of central Morocco. The first of Morocco’s four imperial cities, it lies in the centre of the fertile, irrigated Haouz Plain, south of the Tennsift River. The ancient section of the city, known as the medina, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985. Marrakech gave

Arsenio Martínez Campos: …and succeeded in negotiating the Treaty of Marrakech (January 29, 1894). The following year he was sent to Cuba again but failed to win over the rebels. He resigned and returned to Spain (1896).

Morocco earthquake of 2023, severe earthquake that struck near the town of Oukaïmedene in western Morocco on September 8, 2023. More than 2,900 people were killed and 5,500 people injured in the shallow magnitude-6.8 temblor and its aftershocks. The earthquake heavily damaged parts of the ancient

Marrakech, chief city of central Morocco. The first of Morocco’s four imperial cities, it lies in the centre of the fertile, irrigated Haouz Plain, south of the Tennsift River. The ancient section of the city, known as the medina, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985. Marrakech gave

jizyah: …than 100 countries signed the Marrakesh Declaration, a document that called for a new Islamic jurisprudence based on modern nation-based notions of citizenship.

beach grass, (genus Ammophila), genus of two species of sand-binding plants in the grass family (Poaceae). American beach grass (Ammophila breviligulata) grows along the Atlantic coast and in the Great Lakes region of North America. European beach grass (A. arenaria) is native to temperate coasts

Marrano, in Spanish history, a Jew who converted to the Christian faith to escape persecution but who continued to practice Judaism secretly. It was a term of abuse and also applies to any descendants of Marranos. The origin of the word marrano is uncertain. In the late 14th century, Spanish Jewry

Maria Sibylla Merian: …mother and stepfather, still-life painter Jacob Marrel. Merian studied painting under the tutelage of Marrel at the family’s Frankfurt home. She collected insects and other specimens for Marrel’s compositions, and in these formative years, nature—plants and caterpillars in particular—became Merian’s primary subjects of artistic interest. She eventually started her own…

Susan Hayward was an American film actress who was a popular star during the 1940s and ’50s known for playing courageous women fighting to overcome adversity. Marrener grew up in a working-class family. Following her graduation from Girls’ Commercial High School, she began working as a

marriage, a legally and socially sanctioned union, usually between a man and a woman, that is regulated by laws, rules, customs, beliefs, and attitudes that prescribe the rights and duties of the partners and accords status to their offspring (if any). The universality of marriage within different

Claude Lelouch: …Live for Life), Mariage (1974; Marriage), Robert et Robert (1978; “Robert and Robert”), and À nous deux (1979; Us Two). For Toute une vie (1974; And Now My Love), he and Uytterhoeven received Oscar nominations for their original screenplay. Lelouch’s later notable movies included the musical Les Uns et les…

Marriage à-la-Mode, comedy by John Dryden, performed in 1672 and published in 1673. The play has two unrelated plots. One, written in heroic couplets, concerns the princess Palmyra of Sicily, whose usurper father has never seen her, and her childhood sweetheart Leonidas, the rightful heir to the

The Tête à Tête, oil painting, also known as Shortly After the Marriage, by English artist William Hogarth. It is the second of a sequence of six scenes in his Marriage A-la-Mode series, which was commissioned about 1743 to censure the marriage customs of the upper classes. In this series, Hogarth

Gretna Green: The Marriage (Scotland) Act of 1939 declared that marriages must be conducted by a minister or registrar, beginning July 1, 1940. But young runaway couples still came because, under Scottish law, parental consent was not required from the age of 16 (it was age 21 in…

United Kingdom: Domestic reforms: In 1753 the Marriage Act was passed to prevent secret marriages by unqualified clergymen. From then on, every bride and groom had to sign a marriage register or, if they were illiterate, make their mark upon it. This innovation has been of enormous value to historians, enabling them…

Caroline Norton: …had great influence on the Marriage and Divorce Act of 1857, which abolished some of the inequities to which married women were subject.

socialism: Anarcho-communism: …which she condemned in “Marriage and Love” (1910) as an institution that “makes a parasite of woman, an absolute dependent.” She also served a prison term for advocating birth control.

Paolo Veronese: The later years: …for decorative pomp, as in The Marriage at Cana, executed in 1562 and 1563 for the refectory of S. Giorgio Maggiore. In this work the planes are multiplied, space is dilated, and an assembly of people is accumulated in complex but ordered movements. In their solemn monumentality, The Family of…

family law: Marriage as a transfer of dependence: Go-betweens and marriage brokers have been part of the marriage customs of many countries, especially in East Asia. The go-between and the professional marriage broker still have a role in some countries. The giving of dowries remains an important custom in some areas, especially South Asia.

rite of passage: Marriage rites: Ceremonies of dramatic sham “capture” of the bride by the groom and his relatives and friends have been common in both preliterate and literate societies. Marriage in these societies is seen by social scientists as a cooperative liaison between two different groups of kin, between which some feelings of…

cassone, Italian chest, usually used as a marriage chest, and the most elaborately decorated piece of furniture of the Renaissance. Cassoni traditionally were made in pairs and sometimes bore the respective coats of arms of the bride and groom. They contained the bride’s clothes, linen, and other

marriage law, the body of legal specifications and requirements and other laws that regulate the initiation, continuation, and validity of marriages. Marriage is a legally sanctioned union usually between one man and one woman. Beginning with the Netherlands in 2001, a number of countries as well

Il Sodoma: …his most successful frescoes, the Marriage of Alexander and Roxane (c. 1516) in the Villa Farnesina, Rome, is often considered a rival as a decorative achievement to the frescoes by the school of Raphael in the same villa. Later in his career Sodoma also painted frescoes for San Domenico in…

Roberto Calasso: The second volume, The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony, retells classic Greek myths in an attempt to evoke the primal meanings they once conveyed—the absolute and arbitrary power of nature and existence as embodied in the gods. In 1996 he published Ka (Eng. trans. Ka), in which he…

The Marriage of Figaro, comic opera in four acts by Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Italian libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte), which premiered in Vienna at the Burgtheater on May 1, 1786. Based on Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais’s 1784 play Le Mariage de Figaro, Mozart’s work remains a

The Marriage of Figaro, comedy in five acts by Pierre-Augustin Beaumarchais, performed in 1784 as La Folle Journée; ou, le mariage de Figaro (“The Madness of a Day, or the Marriage of Figaro”). It is the sequel to his comic play The Barber of Seville and is the work upon which Mozart based the

William Blake: Blake as a poet: …next work in Illuminated Printing, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790?), has become one of his best known. It is a prose work in no familiar form; for instance, on the title page, no author, printer, or publisher is named. It is in part a parody of Emanuel Swedenborg,…

Rainer Werner Fassbinder: …Ehe der Maria Braun (1979; The Marriage of Maria Braun), an ironic portrait of a marriage that reflects German history from World War II to the “economic miracle” of the 1950s; Lola (1981), Fassbinder’s version of the Blue Angel legend; and Die Sehnsucht der Veronika Voss (1982; Veronika Voss), based…

Friedrich Dürrenmatt: …in the United States as Fools Are Passing Through in 1958. Among the plays that followed were Der Besuch der alten Dame (1956; The Visit); Die Physiker (1962; The Physicists), a modern morality play about science, generally considered his best play; Der Meteor (1966; The Meteor); and Porträt eines Planeten…