Marseille faience, tin-glazed earthenware made in Marseille in the 18th century. The Joseph Clérissy factory, active in 1677–1733, produced wares usually in blue with purple outlines. The Fauchier factory excelled in trompe l’oeil work and landscapes. The factory of the Veuve Perrin was famous for

Folquet De Marseille was a Provençal troubadour and cleric. Born into a Genoese merchant family, Folquet left his life as a merchant to become a poet in about 1180. He was widely respected and successful throughout Provence and Aragon. His works, which include love lyrics (often dedicated to his

Marseille, city, capital of Bouches-du-Rhône département, southern France, and also the administrative and commercial capital of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, one of France’s fastest growing régions. Located west of the French Riviera, Marseille is one of the major ports of the Mediterranean Sea. It

boutonneuse fever, a mild typhuslike fever caused by the bacterium Rickettsia conorii conorii and transmitted by the dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The disease is endemic to the Mediterranean region. Similar forms of boutonneuse fever occur in Africa, India, and southern Europe but are caused

marsh, type of wetland ecosystem characterized by poorly drained mineral soils and by plant life dominated by grasses. The latter characteristic distinguishes a marsh from a swamp, whose plant life is dominated by trees. The number of plant species in marshes is few compared with those that grow on

Iraq: Rural settlement: …the Shiʿi marsh dwellers (Madan) of southern Iraq. They traditionally have lived in reed dwellings built on brushwood foundations or sandspits, but the damage done to the marshes in the 1990s has largely undermined their way of living. Rice, fish, and edible rushes have been staples, supplemented by products…

bedstraw: boreale), common marsh bedstraw (G. palustre), and goosegrass (G. aparine) are common throughout Europe and have become naturalized in parts of North America. Sweet woodruff, or sweet scented bedstraw (G. odoratum, formerly Asperula odorata), has an odour similar to that of freshly mown hay; its dried shoots…

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Scirtidae, or Helodidae (marsh beetles) Small, oval; on vegetation in swampy places; aquatic larvae; about 600 species; widely distributed; example Scirtes. Superfamily Staphylinoidea Very large group; antennae with last 3 segments rarely club-shaped; outer skeleton rarely very hard, shiny; wing veins M (media) and Cu (cubitus) not connected;

yellow cress: The marsh cress, or bog yellow cress (R. palustris), is an annual plant that has naturalized in marshy areas throughout the world. Great yellow cress (R. amphibia) and creeping yellow cress (R. sylvestris) are invasive species in North America. Lakecress (R. aquatica) is a slow-growing perennial…

mugger, (Crocodylus palustris), species of freshwater crocodile known for its broad head and snout, robust body (which gives it a superficial resemblance to the American alligator [Alligator mississippiensis]), and use of tools to attract prey. Muggers inhabit freshwater streams, ponds, and

fern: Venation: … (Cyathea), lady ferns (Athyrium), and marsh ferns (Thelypteris).

fiddler crab: …North American species include the marsh fiddler crab (Uca pugnax), the china-back fiddler (U. pugilator), and the red-jointed fiddler (U. minax). These species, which range in body size from about 2.5 to 3 cm (1 to 1.2 inches), occur all along the Atlantic coast of the United States. The males…

marsh fly, (family Sciomyzidae), any member of a family of insects in the fly order, Diptera, in which the parasitic larvae are known to prey on slugs, snails, and other mollusks. These medium-sized flies occur worldwide. There are about 600 known species, each associated with certain types of

marsh frog, (Rana ridibunda), large aquatic frog of the “true frog” family Ranidae, occurring naturally from the France to the Urals and by introduction in southern England. This species seldom occurs more than 1 to 2 metres (3 to 6.5 feet) from the edge of permanent water. It is the largest of the

methane, colourless, odourless gas that occurs abundantly in nature and as a product of certain human activities. Methane is the simplest member of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons and is among the most potent of the greenhouse gases. Its chemical formula is CH4. Methane is lighter than air,

cordgrass, (genus Spartina), genus of 16 species of perennial grasses in the family Poaceae. Cordgrasses are found on marshes and tidal mud flats of North America, Europe, and Africa and often form dense colonies. Some species are planted as soil binders to prevent erosion, and a few are considered

harrier: Also common are the marsh harrier (C. aeruginosus) and Montagu’s harrier (C. pygargus) ranging over most of Europe and from the Mediterranean shores of North Africa to Mongolia. The pallid harrier (C. macrourus) breeds from the Baltic to southeastern Europe and Central Asia. Allied species include the cinereous harrier…

northern harrier, (Circus cyaneus), common name for the best-known harrier

helleborine: Marsh helleborine (E. palustris) is found in marshes and wet places throughout Europe. Broad-leaved helleborine (E. helleborine) is a common species in Europe and temperate Asia and has been introduced into the eastern United States. Its flowers are green, whitish green, or reddish purple, and…

Labrador tea: Marsh Labrador tea (R. tomentosum) is circumpolar and also native to eastern North America. The name is also sometimes applied to a closely related shrub of the Rocky Mountain region, known as western Labrador tea (R. columbianum). Both plants are used to make tea and…

marsh mallow, (Althaea officinalis), perennial herbaceous plant of the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae), native to eastern Europe and northern Africa. It has also become established in North America. The plant is usually found in marshy areas, chiefly near the sea. It has strongly veined

marsh marigold, (Caltha palustris), perennial herbaceous plant of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) native to wetlands in Europe and North America. It is grown in boggy wild gardens. The stem of a marsh marigold is hollow, and the leaves are kidney-shaped, heart-shaped, or round. The glossy

mongoose: Natural history: …and are terrestrial, although the marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus) and a few others are semiaquatic. Some mongooses live alone or in pairs, but others, such as the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo), dwarf mongooses (genus Helogale), and meerkats, live in large groups. Litters usually consist of two to four young.

Dactylorhiza, genus of about 30 species of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae) with palmately lobed root tubers. They grow in meadows and damp places throughout Eurasia and in parts of North Africa, Alaska, and some Atlantic islands. Some are cultivated as garden ornamentals. Dactylorhiza

carnivorous plant: Major families: The sun pitchers, also known as marsh pitcher plants (genus Heliamphora), are native to a limited region in South America and consist of about 23 species. The cobra plant (Darlingtonia californica) is the only member of its genus and is indigenous to northern California and southern…

rabbit: Diversity and conservation status: aquaticus, and the marsh rabbit, S. palustris). Two other genera of rabbit also live in North America. The volcano rabbit, or zacatuche, inhabits dense undergrowth of bunchgrass in pine forests in the high mountains surrounding Mexico City. A population of only about 6,000 remains in fragments of habitat.…

hantavirus: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: …by the marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris); Chile and Argentina, caused by the Andes virus (carried by Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, a species of pygmy rice rat); and Central America, caused by the Choclo virus (carried by Oligoryzomys fulvescens, another pygmy rice rat).

sea lavender, (genus Limonium), genus of about 300 species of chiefly perennial herbaceous plants of the family Plumbaginaceae. The plants are found in North America, Eurasia, Africa, and Australia, most members being found around the Mediterranean region. Sea lavenders tolerate saline soils and

tern: The black tern, S. nigra (sometimes Chlidonias niger), about 25 cm (10 inches) long, with a black head and underparts (white below in winter) and gray wings and back, breeds in temperate Eurasia and North America and winters in tropical Africa and South America. It is…

marsh treader, any insect of the family Hydrometridae (order Heteroptera), so named because of its slow, deliberate manner of moving as it walks along the surface of a pond or crawls among shore vegetation. Marsh treaders, worldwide in distribution, are usually found among the cattails in marshy

reaper: C.W. and W.W. Marsh patented the forerunner of the first successful harvester in 1858. Their machine swept the cut grain onto a canvas conveyor that carried it to a box for binding, but it had no mechanical binding device. See also binder; combine.

Ngaio Marsh was a New Zealand author known especially for her many detective novels featuring Inspector Roderick Alleyn of Scotland Yard and, in later novels, his wife, Troy. Marsh studied painting in art school and was an actress and a theatrical producer in New Zealand before going in 1928 to

George Perkins Marsh was a U.S. diplomat, scholar, and conservationist whose greatest work, Man and Nature (1864), was one of the most significant advances in geography, ecology, and resource management of the 19th century. Educated at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., Marsh developed a successful

John Marsh was a composer and writer on music whose works include the only surviving English symphonies from the late 18th century. Largely self-taught, he became proficient at several instruments, including viola and violin. In 1768 he was apprenticed to a solicitor. He played violin in the

Margaret Mitchell: …and with the assistance of John Marsh, who had been best man at her wedding, Mitchell accepted a position as a reporter for the Atlanta Journal Sunday Magazine. In the summer of 1925, Mitchell and Marsh married.

Margaret Mitchell was an American author of the enormously popular novel Gone With the Wind (1936). The novel earned Mitchell a National Book Award and a Pulitzer Prize, and it was the source of the classic film of the same name released in 1939. Mitchell grew up in a family of storytellers who

Ngaio Marsh was a New Zealand author known especially for her many detective novels featuring Inspector Roderick Alleyn of Scotland Yard and, in later novels, his wife, Troy. Marsh studied painting in art school and was an actress and a theatrical producer in New Zealand before going in 1928 to

Othniel Charles Marsh was an American paleontologist who made extensive scientific explorations of the western United States and contributed greatly to knowledge of extinct North American vertebrates. Marsh spent his entire career at Yale University (1866–99) as the first professor of vertebrate

Reginald Marsh was an American painter and printmaker noted for his realistic depictions of New York City life. After graduating from Yale University in 1920, Marsh worked as a freelance illustrator in New York and from 1922 to 1925 was on the staff of the New York Daily News. He was also an

Sir Edward Howard Marsh was a scholar, civil servant, and art collector who influenced the development of contemporary British art by patronizing unestablished artists. He was also an editor, translator, and biographer who was well-known in British literary circles of the early 20th century. Marsh

Warne Marsh was an American tenor saxophonist, a jazz musician noted for his devotion to purely lyrical improvisation. Marsh played in Hoagy Carmichael’s Teenagers (1945) before serving in the U.S. Army. In 1948 he became a student of Lennie Tristano, who was the principal influence upon his art.

Warne Marsh was an American tenor saxophonist, a jazz musician noted for his devotion to purely lyrical improvisation. Marsh played in Hoagy Carmichael’s Teenagers (1945) before serving in the U.S. Army. In 1948 he became a student of Lennie Tristano, who was the principal influence upon his art.

reaper: Marsh patented the forerunner of the first successful harvester in 1858. Their machine swept the cut grain onto a canvas conveyor that carried it to a box for binding, but it had no mechanical binding device. See also binder; combine.

marshal, in some past and present armies, including those of Britain, France, Germany, Russia or the Soviet Union, and China, the highest ranking officer. The rank evolved from the title of marescalci (masters of the horse) of the early Frankish kings. The importance of cavalry in medieval warfare

William Marshal, 1st earl of Pembroke was a marshal and then regent of England who served four English monarchs—Henry II, Richard I, John, and Henry III—as a royal adviser and agent and as a warrior of outstanding prowess. Marshal’s father, John (FitzGilbert) the Marshal (died 1165), fought for the

marshaling yard, fan-shaped network of tracks and switches where railroad cars are sorted and made up into trains for their respective destinations. An incoming freight train, or a collection of cars from local shippers, is pushed up an incline called the hump. Once over the hump, a car or a “cut”

Marshall, city, seat (1842) of Harrison county, northeastern Texas, U.S. The city lies 34 miles (55 km) west of Shreveport, Louisiana, and is part of a metropolitan and industrial area centred on Longview. Founded in 1841 by Isaac Van Zandt, it was named for U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John

Chadwick Boseman: …of Colored People) lawyer in Marshall (2017). Boseman reprised the role of T’Challa in Ryan Coogler’s blockbuster Black Panther, and his performance cemented his status as a first-rank movie star. In addition, Black Panther made news as the first big-budget movie with an almost all-Black cast, and T’Challa became a…

Marshall University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning, with its main campus in Huntington, West Virginia, U.S., and a graduate college in South Charleston. Marshall University offers associate’s, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees, as well as a doctorate in biomedical sciences, an

Franklin and Marshall College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is a liberal arts college offering bachelor’s degree programs only, including preprofessional curriculums. Students can study in England, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Japan, Scotland,

Marshall Field’s, former department store chain whose flagship store on State Street in Chicago was for a time the largest in the world, comprising 73 acres of floor space and having larger book, china, shoe, and toy departments than any other department store of its time. In 2006 Marshall Field’s

Marshall Field’s, former department store chain whose flagship store on State Street in Chicago was for a time the largest in the world, comprising 73 acres of floor space and having larger book, china, shoe, and toy departments than any other department store of its time. In 2006 Marshall Field’s

Marshall Islands, country in the central Pacific Ocean. It consists of some of the easternmost islands of Micronesia. The Marshalls are composed of more than 1,200 islands and islets in two parallel chains of coral atolls—the Ratak, or Sunrise, to the east and the Ralik, or Sunset, to the west. The

national flag consisting of a blue field with diagonal stripes of orange and white that increase in width toward the fly end; in the upper hoist corner is a large white star. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 10 to 19.Following World War II, the United States administered as a trust territory

history of the Marshall Islands, a survey of notable events and people in the history of the Marshall Islands (officially Republic of the Marshall Islands). Including some of the easternmost islands of Micronesia, the Marshalls are composed of more than 1,200 islands and islets in two parallel

Eminem: Later albums and projects: …Rihanna on “The Monster,” from The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (2013), and the album became his sixth to win the Grammy Award for best rap album.

Dr. Dre: …work on Eminem’s Grammy-winning album The Marshall Mathers LP. Dr. Dre would capture two more Grammys, both in 2009, for his later work with Eminem.

Marshall Mission, special mission undertaken in late 1945 by U.S. general George C. Marshall to negotiate a settlement of the Chinese civil war (1945–49), fought between the Nationalist and the communist forces. Though Marshall stayed in China for more than a year, his mission ended in failure.

Marshall Plan, (April 1948–December 1951), U.S.-sponsored program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern European countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive. The United States feared that the poverty, unemployment, and

Southern rock: …of Southern rock by signing the Marshall Tucker Band, the Elvin Bishop Group, and others. Soon, as groups such as Lynyrd Skynyrd, the Charlie Daniels Band, the Outlaws, and Wet Willie joined the fray, fans began to rally around anthems such as Daniels’s “The South’s Gonna Do It.”

Marshall University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning, with its main campus in Huntington, West Virginia, U.S., and a graduate college in South Charleston. Marshall University offers associate’s, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees, as well as a doctorate in biomedical sciences, an

Alfred Marshall was one of the chief founders of the school of English neoclassical economists and the first principal of University College, Bristol (1877–81). Marshall was educated at Merchant Taylors’ School and at St. John’s College, Cambridge. He was a fellow and lecturer in political economy

Barry J. Marshall is an Australian physician who won, with J. Robin Warren, the 2005 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discovery that stomach ulcers are an infectious disease caused by bacteria. Marshall obtained a bachelor’s degree from the University of Western Australia in 1974.

Clara Marshall was an American physician and educator, whose leadership engendered a notable increase in quality and course offerings at the Women’s Medical College. Marshall was of a prominent Quaker family. At the age of 24, after having taught school for a time, she enrolled in the Woman’s

David Saul Marshall was a politician, lawyer, and diplomat who was the chief minister (1955–56) of Singapore’s first elected government. Marshall was the son of Baghdadi Jewish immigrants who moved to the polyglot and multiracial city-state of Singapore. He enjoyed a highly successful career at the

Western sculpture: England: …styles of Nicholas Stone and Edward Marshall were based on contemporary Netherlandish sculpture with small admixtures of Italian influence. The most distinguished English-born sculptor of the second half of the 17th century was Edward Pierce, in whose rare busts is to be found something of Bernini’s vigour and intensity. But…

Garry Marshall was an American producer, writer, and director who created several iconic TV sitcoms—notably the 1950s-nostalgia comedy Happy Days (1974–84)—and directed such crowd-pleasing films as Pretty Woman (1990). He was the eldest of three children born to Marjorie (née Ward) Marshall, a

Garry Marshall was an American producer, writer, and director who created several iconic TV sitcoms—notably the 1950s-nostalgia comedy Happy Days (1974–84)—and directed such crowd-pleasing films as Pretty Woman (1990). He was the eldest of three children born to Marjorie (née Ward) Marshall, a

George Marshall was an American film director who, during a career that spanned more than 50 years, proved adept at most genres, with comedies, musicals, and westerns dominating his oeuvre. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Marshall dropped out of college and worked

George C. Marshall was a general of the army and U.S. Army chief of staff during World War II (1939–45) and later U.S. secretary of state (1947–49) and of defense (1950–51). The European Recovery Program he proposed in 1947 became known as the Marshall Plan. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in

George C. Marshall was a general of the army and U.S. Army chief of staff during World War II (1939–45) and later U.S. secretary of state (1947–49) and of defense (1950–51). The European Recovery Program he proposed in 1947 became known as the Marshall Plan. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in

Foreign Correspondent: …honour by Stephen Fisher (Herbert Marshall), the leader of a pacifist group, Jones makes the acquaintance of Fisher’s daughter, Carol (Laraine Day). When it is announced that Van Meer had to leave abruptly for a conference in Amsterdam, Jones is immediately suspicious and travels to the Netherlands. He is…

Isabella Marshall Graham was a Scottish-American educator and philanthropist who was principal in founding one of the earliest relief societies in the United States to provide assistance to the poor. Isabella Marshall grew up in Elderslie, near Paisley, Scotland, in a religious family and received

California Gold Rush: On January 24 his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found flakes of gold in a streambed. Sutter and Marshall agreed to become partners and tried to keep their find a secret. News of the discovery, however, soon spread, and they were besieged by thousands of fortune seekers. (With his property overrun…

Alan Page: …defensive tackle and joined with Jim Marshall, Carl Eller, and Gary Larsen to form the legendary defensive line known as the “Purple People-Eaters.” He was named Rookie of the Year in 1967.

John Marshall was the fourth chief justice of the United States and principal founder of the U.S. system of constitutional law. As perhaps the Supreme Court’s most influential chief justice, Marshall was responsible for constructing and defending both the foundation of judicial power and the

rackets: History.: …in 1890 by tennis historian Julian Marshall and rackets authority Major Spens. The Tennis, Rackets and Fives Association was formed in 1907 to govern the sport. During and following World War I, private courts closed and rackets play declined. The expense of building courts and playing the game and the…

Kerry James Marshall is an American painter and printmaker whose work examines aspects of African American culture in the United States. His unique images extend the grand traditions of history painting and populist vernacular imagery. Educated at the Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles (B.F.A.,

Louis Marshall was a lawyer and leader of the American Jewish community who worked to secure religious, political, and cultural freedom for all minority groups. Marshall attended Columbia Law School (1876–77) and was admitted to the New York bar (1878). Marshall successfully argued a case in which

Malcolm Marshall was a West Indian cricketer who was arguably the most accomplished bowler of the modern era, with an astounding bowling average of 20.94. Marshall, whose policeman father died when he was a baby, was introduced to cricket by his maternal grandfather. He made his first-class cricket

Malcolm Marshall was a West Indian cricketer who was arguably the most accomplished bowler of the modern era, with an astounding bowling average of 20.94. Marshall, whose policeman father died when he was a baby, was introduced to cricket by his maternal grandfather. He made his first-class cricket

Paule Marshall was an American novelist whose works emphasized a need for black Americans to reclaim their African heritage. The Barbadian background of Burke’s parents informed all of her work. She spent 1938–39 in her parents’ home country and returned several times as a young adult. After

Penny Marshall was an American actress, comedian, and director, one of the first women to achieve consistent commercial success as a motion picture director. Marshall was the daughter of a dance teacher and an industrial filmmaker. She first performed with her mother’s dance group, the

Sir John Hubert Marshall was an English director general of the Indian Archaeological Survey (1902–31) who in the 1920s was responsible for the large-scale excavations that revealed Harappā and Mohenjo-daro, the two largest cities of the previously unknown Indus Valley Civilization. Marshall was

Sir John Ross Marshall was a lawyer, politician, and statesman who was prime minister of New Zealand (1972) and a leading figure in the economic planning of the Commonwealth for more than two decades. A member of Parliament (1946–75), he also held several Cabinet posts, including minister of health

Stephen Marshall was a Presbyterian minister and popular Puritan leader. He was an influential preacher to the English Parliament and a participant in the formulation of his church’s creed. By 1629 Marshall had become a vicar at Finchingfield, Essex, a position he held until 1651, when personal

Herbert Eugene Bolton: Marshall on The Colonization of North America, 1492–1783, which emphasized non-English colonies and English colonies other than the original 13. His concept of the Americas was most fully expressed in his presidential speech to the American Historical Association in 1932, “The Epic of Greater America,”…

T.H. Marshall was an English sociologist, renowned for his argument that the development of the Western welfare state in the 20th century introduced a novel form of citizenship—social citizenship—that encompassed the rights to material resources and social services. Marshall held that social

T.H. Marshall was an English sociologist, renowned for his argument that the development of the Western welfare state in the 20th century introduced a novel form of citizenship—social citizenship—that encompassed the rights to material resources and social services. Marshall held that social

Thomas R. Marshall was the 28th vice president of the United States (1913–21) in the Democratic administration of President Woodrow Wilson. He was the first vice president in almost a century to serve two terms in office. A popular public official, he was heard to make the oft-quoted remark: “What

Thomas R. Marshall was the 28th vice president of the United States (1913–21) in the Democratic administration of President Woodrow Wilson. He was the first vice president in almost a century to serve two terms in office. A popular public official, he was heard to make the oft-quoted remark: “What

Thurgood Marshall was a lawyer, civil rights activist, and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1967–91), the Court’s first African American member. As an attorney, he successfully argued before the Court the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), which declared

Thurgood Marshall was a lawyer, civil rights activist, and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1967–91), the Court’s first African American member. As an attorney, he successfully argued before the Court the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), which declared

Mumford & Sons: September 30, 1986, London, England), Winston Marshall (b. December 20, 1987, London, England), and Ted Dwane (b. August 15, 1984, London, England).

heraldry: Quarterings and marshaling: In the quarterings and the marshaling (arrangement of more than one coat of arms on the same shield), the position of heiresses must be considered first. The children of an heraldic heiress are entitled on her death to quarter her arms with their father’s…

Marshalsea, a prison formerly existing in Southwark, London, on the south bank of the Thames and attached to the court of that name held by the steward and marshal of the English (later British) king. It existed as early as the reign of Edward III. It was consolidated in 1842 with the Queen’s Bench

lord steward: …king’s servants, and over the Marshalsea Court; this was a court of record held before the lord steward and the knight marshal of the household, and it had civil and criminal jurisdiction over any action within the verge where at least one of the parties was a member of the…

Coos Bay, city, Coos county, southwestern Oregon, U.S., on Coos Bay (an inlet of the Pacific), adjacent to North Bend, Eastside, and the port of Charleston. The original inhabitants of the region include the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw peoples, who formed a confederation in 1855. Fur trappers

André Gide: Symbolist period: He satirized his surroundings in Marshlands (1894), a brilliant parable of animals who, living always in dark caves, lose their sight because they never use it.

marshmallow, aerated candy that originated as a versatile medicinal syrup and ointment; it was made from root sap of the marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), sugar, and egg white. The modern marshmallow candy is made from corn syrup, dextrose, gelatine, and egg albumen. A mixture of these