Marxism, a body of doctrine developed by Karl Marx and, to a lesser extent, by Friedrich Engels in the mid-19th century. It originally consisted of three related ideas: a philosophical anthropology, a theory of history, and an economic and political program. There is also Marxism as it has been

Leninism, principles expounded by Vladimir I. Lenin, who was the preeminent figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917. Whether Leninist concepts represented a contribution to or a corruption of Marxist thought has been debated, but their influence on the subsequent development of communism in the

Alasdair MacIntyre: Encounter with Marxism: (He published Marxism: An Interpretation [1953] when he was 24 years old.) But he became unsettled by what he took to be the inability of Marxists to respond cogently in moral terms to outrages perpetrated in nominally Marxist regimes. Given the Marxist critique of morality as ideological,…

Mary was the mother of Jesus, venerated in the Christian church since the apostolic age and a favorite subject in Western art, music, and literature. Mary is known from biblical references, which are, however, too sparse to construct a coherent biography. The development of the doctrine of Mary can

Vladimir Nabokov: Novels: The Defense, Lolita, and The Gift: His first novel, Mashenka (Mary), appeared in 1926; it was avowedly autobiographical and contains descriptions of the young Nabokov’s first serious romance as well as of the Nabokov family estate, both of which are also described in Speak, Memory. Nabokov did not again draw so heavily upon his personal…

Sholem Asch: Paul; Mary (1949), the mother of Jesus seen as the Jewish “handmaid of the Lord”; and The Prophet (1955), on the Second (Deutero-) Isaiah, whose message of comfort and hope replaces the earlier prophecies of doom. In the presentation of this unknown prophet, conjectures based on…

Mary, city and administrative centre of Mary oblast (province), Turkmenistan. It is located on the Morghāb River at the intersection of the Karakum Canal and the rail line between Turkmenbashi (Türkmenbashy) and Tashkent, Uzbekistan. It was founded in 1884 on the site of a former Turkmen fort, 19

Mary, oblast (province), southeastern Turkmenistan. Mary city, in the centre of the province, is its administrative centre. The province includes the basin of the Morghāb River, which diminishes in the Karakum Desert in the north. In the south, on the Afghanistan frontier, are spurs of the

Martin: …in 1377, leaving a daughter, Mary, as his heiress, there ensued a long period of disorder. Peter IV of Aragon, on the grounds that females were excluded from succession to the Sicilian crown, claimed it for himself as the nearest male heir, and Mary underwent a series of abductions. Peter,…

Mary was the queen of Scotland (1542–67) and queen consort of France (1559–60). Her unwise marital and political actions provoked rebellion among the Scottish nobles, forcing her to flee to England, where she was eventually beheaded as a Roman Catholic threat to the English throne. Mary Stuart was

Mary was the duchess of Burgundy (1477–82), daughter and heiress of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy. Her crucial marriage to the archduke Maximilian (later Maximilian I), son of the Habsburg emperor Ferdinand III, resulted in Habsburg control of the Netherlands. Betrothed to Maximilian in 1476,

Staunton: Mary Baldwin University (1842) and the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind (1838) are in the city. President Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, and his birthplace, a Presbyterian manse (1846), was made a national shrine in 1941. Adjacent to the manse is the…

Staunton: Mary Baldwin University (1842) and the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind (1838) are in the city. President Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, and his birthplace, a Presbyterian manse (1846), was made a national shrine in 1941. Adjacent to the manse is the…

Mary Barra, née Mary Teresa Makela (born December 24, 1961, Waterford, Michigan), is chief executive officer (CEO) and chair of the board of General Motors Company (GM). When she was appointed CEO in 2014, Barra became the first woman to head a global automaker. The Pontiac Fiero: Innovation and

Mary Barton, first novel by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, published in 1848. It is the story of a working-class family that descends into desperation during the depression of 1839. With its vivid description of squalid slums, Mary Barton helped awaken the national conscience. John Barton is a

Mary Barton, first novel by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, published in 1848. It is the story of a working-class family that descends into desperation during the depression of 1839. With its vivid description of squalid slums, Mary Barton helped awaken the national conscience. John Barton is a

Mary Celeste, American brigantine that was found abandoned on December 5, 1872, some 400 nautical miles (740 km) from the Azores, Portugal. The fate of the 10 people aboard remains a mystery. The ship was built in 1861 at Spencer’s Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, and named the Amazon. After being

Mary Boykin Chesnut: Diary: …edition with a biographical essay, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, edited by C. Vann Woodward (1981), was awarded the 1982 Pulitzer Prize in U.S. history.

Mercedarian: Mary de Cervello.

Good Shepherd Sister: Changes and centralization under Sister Mary Euphrasia: In 1814 Rose-Virginie Pelletier entered the community in Tours and took the name Sister Mary Euphrasia. In 1829, a few years after becoming superior of the Tours community, she founded a convent at Angers, France, which she called Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd in…

Sarah Gertrude Millin: With Mary Glenn (1925), a study of a mother’s reaction to her child’s disappearance, Millin became one of the most popular South African novelists in English, identified by a nervous, sharp, vivid, often almost staccato style. She also wrote biographies of Cecil Rhodes (1933; new ed.…

Mary Gregory glass, variety of glass produced in the United States toward the end of the 19th century in imitation of the then popular English cameo glass. It was named for Mary Gregory, an employee in the decorating department of the Boston and Sandwich Glass Company in Sandwich, Mass. Both

ballad: Crime: A version of “Mary Hamilton” takes this form, which was a broadside device widely adopted by the folk. “Tom Dooley” and “Charles Guiteau,” the scaffold confession of the assassin of Pres. James A. Garfield, are the best known American examples.

Mary I was the first queen to rule England (1553–58) in her own right. She was known as Bloody Mary for her persecution of Protestants in a vain attempt to restore Roman Catholicism in England. The daughter of King Henry VIII and the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon, Mary as a child was a pawn

Mary II was the queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1689–94) and wife of King William III. As the daughter of King James II, she made it possible for her Dutch husband to become co-ruler of England after he overthrew James’s government. Although her father and mother were converts to Roman

Oblates of Mary Immaculate, (O.M.I.), one of the largest missionary congregations of the Roman Catholic Church, inaugurated at Aix-en-Provence, Fr., on Jan. 25, 1816, as the Missionary Society of Provence by Charles-Joseph-Eugène de Mazenod. By preaching to the poor, especially in rural areas,

Mary Kathleen, district and former mining settlement, northwestern Queensland, Australia, in the Selwyn Range. In 1954 a major deposit of uranium ore was discovered there near the Corella River. The town, named for the wife of Norman McConachy, who, with Clem Walton, discovered the ores, was built

Mary Lou Retton, who became one of the most famous American athletes to compete at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, almost didn’t get the chance to take part in the competition. Suffering from torn cartilage in her knee, she underwent arthroscopic surgery just six weeks prior to the Games.

Joaquin Phoenix: Later career: Joker and Napoleon: …Get Far on Foot (2018), Mary Magdalene (2018), and Jacques Audiard’s Les Frères Sisters (2018; The Sisters Brothers)—were all critically well received but not widely popular. He then starred as the titular comic-book villain in the psychological thriller Joker (2019). It was a blockbuster hit, and Phoenix won the Academy…

St. Mary Magdalene ; feast day July 22) was one of Jesus’ most celebrated disciples, famous, according to Mark 16:9–10 and John 20:14–17, for being the first person to see the resurrected Christ. The unchallenged facts about her life establish that Jesus cleansed her of seven demons (Luke 8:2 and

Mary was the duchess of Burgundy (1477–82), daughter and heiress of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy. Her crucial marriage to the archduke Maximilian (later Maximilian I), son of the Habsburg emperor Ferdinand III, resulted in Habsburg control of the Netherlands. Betrothed to Maximilian in 1476,

Mary: Early life: …Scotland and his French wife, Mary of Guise. The death of her father six days after her birth left Mary as queen of Scotland in her own right. Although Mary’s great-uncle King Henry VIII of England made an unsuccessful effort to secure control of her (Mary inherited Tudor blood through…

Mary Of Lorraine was the regent of Scotland for her daughter, Mary Stuart, during the early years of the Scottish Reformation. A Roman Catholic, she pursued pro-French policies that involved her in civil war with Scotland’s Protestant nobles. Mary was the eldest child of Claude de Lorraine, 1er duc

history of the Low Countries: The Habsburgs: …Margaret and later his sister Mary, who retained control and worked toward further centralization even when he was in the country.

Mary Of Lorraine was the regent of Scotland for her daughter, Mary Stuart, during the early years of the Scottish Reformation. A Roman Catholic, she pursued pro-French policies that involved her in civil war with Scotland’s Protestant nobles. Mary was the eldest child of Claude de Lorraine, 1er duc

St. Mary Magdalene ; feast day July 22) was one of Jesus’ most celebrated disciples, famous, according to Mark 16:9–10 and John 20:14–17, for being the first person to see the resurrected Christ. The unchallenged facts about her life establish that Jesus cleansed her of seven demons (Luke 8:2 and

Mary of Modena was the second wife of King James II of England; it was presumably on her inducement that James fled from England during the Glorious Revolution (1688–89). The daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena, she grew up a devout Roman Catholic. The match with James was arranged through

Mary Of Orange was the eldest daughter of the English king Charles I and wife of the Dutch stadholder William II of Orange. The marriage to Prince William took place in London and in 1642 she crossed over to Holland. In 1647 her husband succeeded his father as stadholder, but three years later,

Mother Angela Gillespie was an American religious leader who guided her order in dramatically expanding higher education for women by founding numerous institutions throughout the United States. Eliza Maria Gillespie was educated at girls’ schools in her native town and, in 1836–38, in Somerset,

Mary of Teck was the queen consort of King George V of Great Britain and the mother of kings Edward VIII (afterward duke of Windsor) and George VI. Mary was the only daughter of Prinz (Prince; or, after 1871, Herzog [Duke]) von Teck, who was a member of the royal house of Württemberg. She was also

Mary Of The Incarnation was a mystic whose activity and influence in religious affairs inspired most of the leading French ecclesiastics of her time. Although Mary wished to be a nun, her parents insisted that she marry (1582) Pierre Acarie, vicomte de Villemore. With the aid of King Henry IV of

English literature: The literature of World War I and the interwar period: …in her most accomplished novels, Mary Olivier: A Life (1919) and Life and Death of Harriett Frean (1922), which explored the ways in which her female characters contributed to their own social and psychological repression. West, whose pen name was based on one of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen’s female characters,…

Tracy Letts: …Gift Theatre in Chicago, and Mary Page Marlowe, about the quotidian struggles of an accountant, premiered at Steppenwolf. The following year the latter theatre also staged the debut of his play Linda Vista, a comedy about a midlife crisis. The production moved to Broadway in 2019. The satire The Minutes,…

Mary Poppins, American musical film, released in 1964, that features the now-iconic screen debut of Julie Andrews. A children’s classic, Mary Poppins is considered to be among the finest of Walt Disney’s productions. It was adapted from the P.L. Travers book of the same name. The film concerns a

Mary Poppins, the first novel in a series of children’s books written by P.L. Travers, published in 1934. The titular character is a sensible English nanny with magical powers, and the work uses mythological allusion and biting social critique to explore the fraught relationship between children

Emily Blunt: A Quiet Place and Oppenheimer: In Mary Poppins Returns (2018) Blunt took on the mantle of the eponymous nanny, garnering reviews that declared her performance “practically perfect in every way.” She later starred with Jon Hamm in the dramedy Wild Mountain Thyme (2020) and with Dwayne Johnson in Jungle Cruise (2021),…

Rudyard Kipling: Legacy of Rudyard Kipling: …the seemingly insensate xenophobia of Mary Postgate (1915). There is much in Kipling’s later art to curtail its popular appeal. It is compressed and elliptical in manner and sombre in many of its themes. The author’s critical reputation declined steadily during his lifetime—a decline that can scarcely be accounted for…

Gemma Chan: Parts in the late 2010s and early 2020s: … (played by Margot Robbie) in Mary, Queen of Scots (2018) and Minn-Erva in the Marvel film Captain Marvel (2019). She then garnered opportunities to act alongside Meryl Streep in Let Them All Talk (2020), playing the literary agent to Streep’s acclaimed novelist; provide the voice for the warrior princess Namaari…

Stephen Frears: …novels by Roddy Doyle, and Mary Reilly (1996), a retelling of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

Mary Rose, an English warship commissioned during Henry VIII’s reign that often served as the flagship of the fleet. It was built in Portsmouth, England, between 1509 and 1511 and served in the Royal Navy until it was sunk in 1545 during the Battle of the Solent. The wreck was raised in 1982 and

Kenneth Branagh: …pictures Dead Again (1991) and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1994).

Mary I was the first queen to rule England (1553–58) in her own right. She was known as Bloody Mary for her persecution of Protestants in a vain attempt to restore Roman Catholicism in England. The daughter of King Henry VIII and the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon, Mary as a child was a pawn

Mary Tudor was an English princess, the third wife of King Louis XII of France; she was the sister of England’s King Henry VIII (ruled 1509–47) and the grandmother of Lady Jane Grey, who was titular queen of England for nine days in 1553. Mary’s father, King Henry VII (ruled 1485–1509) betrothed

The Mary Tyler Moore Show, American television situation comedy that aired on CBS for seven seasons (1970–77). During its run the show consistently earned high viewership ratings and won 29 Emmy Awards, including three (1975–77) for outstanding comedy series. Mary Tyler Moore was already well known

Sylvia Plath: Other works: In 2019 the story Mary Ventura and the Ninth Kingdom, written in 1952, was published for the first time.

University of Virginia: Mary Washington College in Fredericksburg (chartered in 1908 as a women’s college) was consolidated with the university from 1944 to 1972. By the 1970s women were enrolled in all units of the university; previously, they could attend only selected programs and the graduate schools. Clinch…

Catholic Action: …Holy Name Society or the Legion of Mary, are open to all Roman Catholics, or at least all of a given age. Specialized Catholic Action groups are limited to members of a given profession or interest group, such as workers, students, doctors, lawyers, or married couples. The most famous of…

James Patterson: …the Girls (1995; film 1997), Mary, Mary (2005), Cross (2006; film 2012), Kill Alex Cross (2011), Alex Cross, Run (2013), Cross the Line (2016), Target: Alex Cross (2018), and Deadly Cross (2020). Patterson later launched a spin-off

Glenda Jackson: … (1971) and in the film Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Her other film portrayals included the title role in Hedda (1975), a film adaptation of a play by Henrik Ibsen; The Incredible Sarah (1976); Stevie (1978); The Return of the Soldier (1982); and Turtle Diary (1985). In

Mary was the queen of Scotland (1542–67) and queen consort of France (1559–60). Her unwise marital and political actions provoked rebellion among the Scottish nobles, forcing her to flee to England, where she was eventually beheaded as a Roman Catholic threat to the English throne. Mary Stuart was

Marianist, a religious congregation of the Roman Catholic church founded by William Joseph Chaminade at Bordeaux, Fr., in 1817. The Marianists, including the Brothers of Mary, developed from the sodality (a devotional association of the laity) of the Blessed Mother organized in 1800 by Chaminade.

Mary was the mother of Jesus, venerated in the Christian church since the apostolic age and a favorite subject in Western art, music, and literature. Mary is known from biblical references, which are, however, too sparse to construct a coherent biography. The development of the doctrine of Mary can

North Dakota: Education of North Dakota: …(1948) in Ellendale and the University of Mary (1955), with campuses at Bismarck and Fargo, are privately run faith-based schools. Distance and online learning increasingly are being offered through the state’s public and private institutions of higher education as well. A two-year college is maintained by each of the state’s…

American literature: New fictional modes: …returning in works such as Marya (1986) to the bleak blue-collar world of her youth in upstate New York. Among her later works was Blonde: A Novel (2000), a fictional biography of Marilyn Monroe. While Mailer and Oates refused to surrender the novel’s gift for capturing reality, both were compelled…

Antoni Malczewski: …he published a long poem, Maria (Marya: A Tale of the Ukraine), which constitutes his only contribution to Polish poetry but occupies a permanent place there as a widely imitated example of the so-called Polish-Ukrainian poetic school. In the poem, Wacław, a young husband, goes to fight the Tatars and,…

Maryborough, city, central Victoria, Australia. It lies along the Pyrenees Highway and is connected by rail to Melbourne (southeast). Located on the northern slopes of the Eastern Highlands and originating (1839) as a sheep run known as Simson’s or Charlotte Plains, the town was founded in 1854

Maryborough, city, southeastern Queensland, Australia, 20 miles (32 km) above the mouth of Mary River. Founded in 1843 and named after the river, which was named after Mary, the wife of Gov. Sir Charles Fitz Roy, it was proclaimed a town in 1861, when it was primarily a wool-shipping point; it

Port Laoise, county town (seat) of County Laoighis, Ireland, on the River Triogue. Established as Fort Protector during the reign of Mary I (1533–58), it was granted a charter in 1570. The main industries of the town are flour milling and the manufacture of worsteds and sports equipment. The Rock

Mariinsky Ballet, prominent Russian ballet company, part of the Mariinsky Theatre of Opera and Ballet in St. Petersburg. Its traditions, deriving from its predecessor, the Imperial Russian Ballet, are based on the work of such leading 19th-century choreographers as Jules Perrot, Arthur Saint-Léon,

Mariinsky Theatre, Russian imperial theatre in St. Petersburg. The theatre opened in 1860 and was named for Maria Aleksandrovna, wife of the reigning tsar. Ballet was not performed there until 1880 and was presented regularly only after 1889, when the Imperial Russian Ballet became its resident

Dominican: …these congregations, such as the Maryknoll Sisters, are devoted to work in foreign missions.

tobacco: Cultivation: Burley and Maryland strains, used for the production of light air-cured tobaccos, may be planted 81 to 91 cm (32 to 36 inches) apart or closer. Broadleaf and seed-leaf strains, including the Havana seed, Cuban, and Sumatra varieties, are used for the production of cigars; they are…

Maryland, constituent state of the United States of America. One of the original 13 states, it lies at the centre of the Eastern Seaboard, amid the great commercial and population complex that stretches from Maine to Virginia. Its small size belies the great diversity of its landscapes and of the

College Park: …1916 and merged with the University of Maryland (1807) in 1920, when the university’s main campus was established at College Park. The administrative offices of the Maryland Agricultural Experimental Station (1887) are in College Park. Surrounding institutions include the National Agricultural Research Center and Fort George G. Meade (northeast) and…

University of Maryland: The University of Maryland, Baltimore, was founded in 1807 as the College of Medicine of Maryland, the fifth medical school in the United States. Its Health Sciences Library is outstanding. The University of Maryland, College Park, was created in 1856 by Charles Benedict Calvert as Maryland…

College Park: …1916 and merged with the University of Maryland (1807) in 1920, when the university’s main campus was established at College Park. The administrative offices of the Maryland Agricultural Experimental Station (1887) are in College Park. Surrounding institutions include the National Agricultural Research Center and Fort George G. Meade (northeast) and…

figwort: Maryland figwort (S. marilandica), up to 3 metres (10 feet) tall, has greenish purple flowers; it is also called carpenter’s square because of its four-sided grooved stems. At least one species, S. auriculata, is cultivated as an ornamental.

Conoco: …that year it merged with Marland Oil Company (founded 1917), with wells and marketing operations from Oklahoma to Maryland. After World War II, Conoco acquired fields or refineries in Louisiana, Canada, Libya, Dubai, the North Sea, and Indonesia. In 1966 it acquired Consolidation Coal Company, the second largest coal company…

common yellowthroat, (Geothlypis trichas), species of North American warblers easily recognized by the distinctive black “mask” worn by males that contrasts with a bright yellow throat. The geographic range of the common yellowthroat is one of the largest of any North American warbler. The species

Maryland Zoo, zoo in Baltimore, Md., that is the third oldest zoo in the United States (after the zoos in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Philadelphia, Pa., respectively). The site contains more than 1,500 mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, encompassing nearly 200 species on more than 160 acres (65

Maryland Zoo, zoo in Baltimore, Md., that is the third oldest zoo in the United States (after the zoos in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Philadelphia, Pa., respectively). The site contains more than 1,500 mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, encompassing nearly 200 species on more than 160 acres (65

U.S. state flag consisting of a quartered design of alternating red-white and black-yellow panels.Alone of the 13 original states, Maryland has a state flag based on a flag flown under British rule. According to the laws of heraldry, the personal banner of the Lords Baltimore, who were the

University of Maryland, state university system consisting of 11 coeducational campuses in eight cities. In 1970 the University of Maryland comprised five campuses. The University of Maryland System was created in 1988 when a merger formed the current 11-campus system. Renamed the University System

Saint Marylebone, neighbourhood of the City of Westminster, London. Formerly (until 1965) part of the metropolitan borough of St. Marylebone, it is located to the south and west of Regent’s Park and north of Mayfair. From early times the area consisted of two manors, Lileston (Lisson) and Tyburn.

Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), former governing body of cricket, founded in London in 1787. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) laid down the first set of laws for the game of cricket in 1788 and continued to act as the global governing body for the game until the late 20th century, a role now

Mother Marie Joseph Butler: …end, in 1907, she opened Marymount School in Tarrytown, New York. By 1919 the school had developed into a college for Roman Catholic women, and under her guidance it became a leader in Catholic higher education for the modern world. Other Marymount schools were established to spread the work of…

Mother Marie Joseph Butler: …Catholic nun who founded the Marymount schools in Europe and the United States.

Allerdale: …of the district, Workington and Maryport, on the coast to the north, have long been associated with the coalfield of Cumbria. Workington, the only deepwater port between Liverpool and Glasgow, has blast furnaces that reduce imported iron ore and metallurgical industries that utilize locally mined anhydrite. Maryport exports footwear, chemicals,…

Marysville, city, seat (1850) of Yuba county, north-central California, U.S. It is situated in the Central Valley, at the junction of the Feather and Yuba rivers, 50 miles (80 km) north of Sacramento. It was established as a trading post in 1842 by Theodore Cordua on land leased from Captain John

Corvallis, city, seat (1851) of Benton county, western Oregon, U.S. It lies at the head of navigation of the Willamette River at its confluence with the Mary’s River, 224 feet (68 metres) above sea level and 85 miles (137 km) south of Portland. Laid out in 1851 as Marysville, it was renamed

Mari, European people, numbering about 670,000 in the late 20th century, who speak a language of the Finno-Ugric family and live mainly in Mari El, Russia, in the middle Volga River valley. There are also some Mari in adjacent regions and nearly 100,000 in Bashkortostan (Bashkiriya). Mari is their

Al-ʿĀmiriyyah, industrial district of Al-Iskandariyyah (Alexandria) muḥāfaẓah (governorate), northern Egypt. The centre of the 913-square-mile (2,365-square-km) district, which adjoins Lake Maryūṭ (Mareotis) on the southwest, is Al-ʿĀmiriyyah town. This town was originally a small gypsum-mining

Alexandria: City site: …separates the salt lake of Maryūṭ, or Mareotis—now partly drained and cultivated—from the Egyptian mainland. An hourglass-shaped promontory formed by the silting up of a mole (the Heptastadion), which was built soon after Alexandria’s founding, links the island of Pharos with the city centre on the mainland. Its two steeply…

Maryville, city, seat (1795) of Blount county, eastern Tennessee, U.S., about 15 miles (25 km) south of Knoxville and a gateway to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The settlement was founded in 1790 around Fort Craig (built in 1785). It was named for the wife of William Blount, governor of the

Maryville, city, seat (1845) of Nodaway county, northwestern Missouri, U.S. It lies about 40 miles (65 km) north of St. Joseph. Founded in 1845, it was named for Mary Graham, an early settler. The community’s economy depends on corn (maize), soybeans, and livestock raised in the surrounding area

St. Louis: The contemporary city: …(1827), Harris-Stowe State College (1857), Maryville University of St. Louis (1872), Webster University (1915), Fontbonne University (1923), and St. Louis Community College (1962).

beer: Types of beer: Märzbier (“March beer”) is a lighter brew produced in the spring. While all German lagers are made with malted barley, a special brew called weiss beer (Weissbier; “white beer”) is made from malted wheat. In other countries such as Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United…

marzipan, a malleable confection of crushed almonds or almond paste, sugar, and whites of eggs. Soft marzipan is used as a filling in a variety of pastries and candies, while marzipan of firmer consistency is traditionally modeled into fanciful shapes, such as miniature fruits, vegetables, and sea

Alessandro Manzoni: …Piedmontese revolution of 1821, “Marzo 1821”; and two historical tragedies influenced by Shakespeare: Il conte di Carmagnola (1820), a romantic work depicting a 15th-century conflict between Venice and Milan; and Adelchi (performed 1822), a richly poetic drama about Charlemagne’s overthrow of the

Mosāferīd Dynasty: …divided between his two sons, Marzobān I (ruled 941–957) and Vahsūdān (ruled 941–957). Vahsūdān ruled over the fortresses of Ṭārom and Samīrān. Marzobān I expanded northward and westward and captured Azerbaijan and east Transcaucasia; these territories, however, were lost by the Mosāferīds by 984.