African American literature: Slave narratives: The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself (1845; read excerpts here) gained the most attention, establishing Frederick Douglass as the leading African American man of letters of his time. By predicating his struggle for freedom on his solitary pursuit…

African American literature: Slave narratives: The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself (1845; read excerpts here) gained the most attention, establishing Frederick Douglass as the leading African American man of letters of his time. By predicating his struggle for freedom on his solitary pursuit…

Henry Box Brown: …second version of Brown’s autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown, Written by Himself, was published in England. Despite its title, Brown did not write the second Narrative himself, though it presents a fuller account of his life and contains details that only he could have provided. The…

William Bligh: In his Narrative of the Mutiny, published a few months after his return to England, Bligh argued that the hedonistic delights of the South Seas were the cause of the mutiny. Christian’s brother Edward, a professor of law at the University of Cambridge, replied in a pamphlet…

Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley: …deeds are described in his Narrative of the War with China in 1860 (1862).

Tokiwa Mitsunaga: …to have painted the “Narrative Scroll of Ban Dainagon,” extant today, illustrating the story of the downfall of Tomo Yoshio (Ban Dainagon), the chief councillor of state who lived in the first half of the 9th century. Executed on three scrolls with precise line drawing and brilliant colours, it…

narratology, in literary theory, the study of narrative structure. Narratology looks at what narratives have in common and what makes one different from another. Like structuralism and semiotics, from which it derived, narratology is based on the idea of a common literary language, or a universal

narrator, one who tells a story. In a work of fiction the narrator determines the story’s point of view. If the narrator is a full participant in the story’s action, the narrative is said to be in the first person. A story told by a narrator who is not a character in the story is a third-person

Das Narrenschiff, long poem by Sebastian Brant, published in 1494. It was published in English as The Ship of Fools. The work concerns the incidents on a ship carrying more than 100 people to Narragonia, the fools’ paradise, and is an unsparing, bitter, and sweeping satire, especially of the

Narrogin, town, southwestern Western Australia. It is situated on the Great Southern Highway and near the Albany Highway, approximately 120 miles (190 km) southeast of Perth. Sheepherders were the first non-Aboriginal people to settle the area, in the mid-19th century. The town developed in the

lady fern: …common lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina), narrow lady fern (A. angustum), and southern lady fern (A. asplenioides).

Richard Fleischer: Early life and work: Fleischer enjoyed further success with The Narrow Margin (1952), one of the best noirs of its day. The taut thriller centers on a policeman (McGraw) who is escorting a gangster’s widow (Marie Windsor) from Chicago to Los Angeles, where she is scheduled to testify before a grand jury. The train…

Francis Selormey: …and teacher whose semiautobiographical novel, The Narrow Path: An African Childhood (1966), was hailed as a distinguished addition to African literature.

The Narrow Road to the Deep North, travel account written by Japanese haiku master Bashō as Oku no hosomichi (“The Narrow Road to Oku”), published in 1694. This poetic travelogue, considered one of the greatest works of classical Japanese literature, was begun in 1689 when Bashō sold his home

Australian literature: Literature in the 21st century: …11, 2001, attacks, and his The Narrow Road to the Deep North (2013) was much praised for its brutally stark depiction of the life of a prisoner of war during World War II. Fear of terrorism in the post-September 11 world is central in Janette Turner Hospital’s political thrillers Due…

Death Cab for Cutie: …Death Cab for Cutie released Narrow Stairs, a darker album that hit number one on the Billboard charts in its first week of release and featured the single “I Will Possess Your Heart.” After The Open Door EP (2009), the band recorded Codes and Keys (2011), which focused on keyboards…

vowel: To form a narrow vowel, the tongue root is retracted toward the pharyngeal wall, and the pharynx is narrowed. To form a wide vowel, the tongue root is advanced so that the pharynx is expanded. Tense and lax are less clearly defined terms. Tense vowels are articulated with…

tody: The fifth, the narrow-billed tody (T. angustirostris), is found only on Hispaniola. About 9 to 12 cm (3.5 to 5 inches) long, all have grass-green backs and bright red bibs. They dig tiny nest burrows in sandbanks and feed on insects, caught on the wing.

rush: …reed mace and cattail, is Typha angustifolia, belonging to the family Typhaceae; its stems and leaves are used in North India for ropes, mats, and baskets. The horsetail genus (Equisetum) is called scouring rush, or Dutch rush, because the plants’ silica-laden stalks are used for scouring metal and other hard…

Strelitziaceae: Genera and species: The rush-leaved strelitzia, or narrow-leaved bird-of-paradise, (S. juncea) has long needlelike leaves and is somewhat frost resistant.

narrow-mouthed toad, any amphibian of the family Microhylidae, which includes 10 subfamilies and more than 60 genera and more than 300 species. Narrow-mouthed toads are found in North and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Many are small, stocky, and smooth skinned with short legs, small

siren: …to northern Florida, and the narrow-striped dwarf siren (P. axanthus) inhabits similar habitat across peninsular Florida. Adult dwarf sirens are about 10–22 cm (3.9–8.7 inches) long.

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Salpingidae (narrow-waisted bark beetles) Superficial resemblance to Carabidae (ground beetles); adults and larvae predatory; adults occur under rocks, or bark, in leaf litter, on vegetation; few species but widely distributed; examples Salpingus, Lissodema. Family Scraptiidae About 200 species widely distributed; associated with

mobile telephone: Development of cellular systems: …in 1991, was known as narrowband AMPS, or NAMPS. In NAMPS systems each existing 30-kilohertz voice channel was split into three 10-kilohertz channels. Thus, in place of the 832 channels available in AMPS systems, the NAMPS system offered 2,496 channels. A second approach, developed by a committee of the Telecommunications…

arnica: Narrowleaf arnica (A. angustifolia) of Arctic Asia and America has orange-yellow flower heads 5–7 cm (2–2.5 inches) across and is a protected species in some countries.

firethorn: Common species: Of similar height are the narrowleaf firethorn (P. angustifolia), Gibb’s firethorn (P. atalantioides), and the Chinese firethorn (P. fortuneana), all of which are from China and bear clusters of scarlet fruits. The Formosa firethorn (P. koidzumii), from Taiwan, is densely branched, with red-purple young twigs and orange-scarlet fruit. The Himalayan,…

Ann Petry: Her third novel, The Narrows (1953), is the story of Link Williams, a Dartmouth-educated black man who tends bar in the black section of Monmouth, Conn., and of his tragic love affair with a rich white woman. Although often criticized for its melodramatic plot, it has been lauded…

Orillia, city, Simcoe county, southeastern Ontario, Canada, 60 miles (100 km) north of Toronto, between Lakes Couchiching and Simcoe. The name, probably derived from the Spanish orilla (“border,” “shore,” or “bank”), was suggested by Sir Peregrine Maitland, lieutenant governor of Upper Canada

geologic history of Earth: The pregeologic period: …water-laid clastic sedimentary quartzite from Mount Narryer in western Australia contained detrital zircon grains that were 4.18 billion years old. In 1986 they further discovered that one zircon in a conglomerate only 60 km (about 37 miles) away was 4.276 billion years old; 16 other grains were determined to be…

School of Nisibis: …originated soon after 471, when Narsai, a renowned teacher and administrator at the School of Edessa, and his companions were forced to leave Edessa (modern Urfa, Tur.) because of theological disputes. Under Narsai’s directorship (471–496), a number of former teachers and students from the School of Edessa were enlisted in…

Narses was the king of the Sāsānian Empire whose reign (293–302) saw the beginning of 40 years of peace with Rome. Narses was the youngest son of an earlier king, Shāpūr I. On the death of Bahrām II (293), Narses, at that time viceroy of Armenia, successfully contested the succession of Bahrām’s

Narses was the king of the Sāsānian Empire whose reign (293–302) saw the beginning of 40 years of peace with Rome. Narses was the youngest son of an earlier king, Shāpūr I. On the death of Bahrām II (293), Narses, at that time viceroy of Armenia, successfully contested the succession of Bahrām’s

patristic literature: The schools of Edessa and Nisibis: Another eminent Edessene writer was Narses (died c. 503), who became one of the formative theologians of the Assyrian Church of the East (the so-called Nestorian Church). He was the author of extensive commentaries, now lost, and of metrical homilies, dialogue songs, and liturgical hymns. In 447, when a miaphysite…

Narses was a Byzantine general under Emperor Justinian I; his greatest achievement was the conquest of the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy for Byzantium. A eunuch, Narses became commander of the imperial bodyguard of eunuchs and eventually rose to be grand chamberlain. When rioting broke out in

Narsimhapur, town, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is situated at an elevation of 1,158 feet (353 metres) above sea level on an upland plateau north of the Satpura Range on the Singri River. The town was once called Chhota Gadarwara, but it was renamed for a temple dedicated to

Narsinghgarh, town, northwest-central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It lies on the Malwa Plateau on the right bank of the Sonar River. Founded in 1681, it served as the capital of the princely state of Narsinghgarh. The town is adjacent to a lake backed by a hill ridge on which the fort and

Narsinghgarh, town, northwest-central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It lies on the Malwa Plateau on the right bank of the Sonar River. Founded in 1681, it served as the capital of the princely state of Narsinghgarh. The town is adjacent to a lake backed by a hill ridge on which the fort and

Narsimhapur, town, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is situated at an elevation of 1,158 feet (353 metres) above sea level on an upland plateau north of the Satpura Range on the Singri River. The town was once called Chhota Gadarwara, but it was renamed for a temple dedicated to

Dioscoreales: Nartheciaceae, with four or five genera and 41 species, is included in Dioscoreales based on molecular evidence and the common possession of steroidal saponins. The main genus in the family, Narthecium, was formerly included in the family Liliaceae.

asphodel: Bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum), of the family Nartheciaceae (order Dioscoreales), is a small herb growing in boggy places in Great Britain with rigid narrow leaves and a stem bearing a raceme of small golden yellow flowers. Members of the genus Triantha (family Tofieldiaceae; order Alismatales)…

narthex, long, narrow, enclosed porch, usually colonnaded or arcaded, crossing the entire width of a church at its entrance. The narthex is usually separated from the nave by columns or a pierced wall, and in Byzantine churches the space is divided into two parts; an exonarthex forms the outer

Naruhito is the emperor of Japan from 2019. He is Japan’s 126th emperor, and, according to tradition, traces his lineage directly to Jimmu, the legendary first emperor of Japan. At birth, Naruhito became heir presumptive to the Japanese imperial throne, being the eldest son of Akihito, then the

Adam Naruszewicz was a Polish poet and historian who was the first Polish historian to use modern methods of scholarship. As a young man, Naruszewicz entered the Jesuit order and taught in Warsaw at the Jesuit college. After 1773 he became a lay priest and in 1788 was made bishop of Smolensk.

Adam Naruszewicz was a Polish poet and historian who was the first Polish historian to use modern methods of scholarship. As a young man, Naruszewicz entered the Jesuit order and taught in Warsaw at the Jesuit college. After 1773 he became a lay priest and in 1788 was made bishop of Smolensk.

Naruto, city, Tokushima ken (prefecture), eastern Shikoku, Japan. The city lies along the Naruto Strait (Naruto-kaikyō), which connects the Inland Sea with the Pacific Ocean. The narrow strait (1 mile [1.5 km] wide) separates Naruto from Awaji Island, a large island of the eastern Inland Sea.

Naruto: …as a base for viewing Naruto Strait, popularly known as the Awa no Naruto (“Roaring Gateway of Awa”), which is filled with rushing water and whirlpools at each ebb and flow of the tide. Ōnaruto Bridge spans the strait, connecting Naruto with Awaji Island and ultimately providing a road link…

Józef Piłsudski: An independent Poland: …14, 1922, to his friend Gabriel Narutowicz, the newly elected president of the republic, who two days later was assassinated. Stanisław Wojciechowski, another of Piłsudski’s old colleagues, was next elected president, the marshal agreeing to serve as chief of the general staff. When a right-wing government assumed power, Piłsudski resigned…

Narva, city, Estonia. It lies along the Narva River, 9 miles (14 km) above the river’s outflow into the Gulf of Finland. It was founded in the 13th century and quickly became a substantial commercial city. Occupied first by Russia (1558–81) and then by Sweden, it was important as the scene of Peter

In 1700, Czar Peter I of Russia challenged the long-established Swedish domination of the Baltic in alliance with Denmark and Saxony-Poland-Lithuania. On November 30, 1700, the Swedish triumphed over the Russians in their first major engagement of the Great Northern War at Narva, Estonia. After the

Panfilo de Narváez was a Spanish conquistador, colonial official, and explorer. Narváez entered military service as a youth and arrived in Jamaica as one of the island’s first settlers. Later he commanded a company of archers during Diego Velásquez’s campaign to conquer and pacify Cuba. He was

Ramón María Narváez, duke de Valencia was a Spanish general and conservative political leader, who supported Queen Isabella II and served six times as the prime minister of Spain from 1844–66. Narváez was born into a prominent military family and joined the royal guards at 15. He rose rapidly

submarine: Toward diesel-electric power: …of the period was the Narval, designed by Maxime Laubeuf, a marine engineer in the navy. Launched in 1899, the Narval was a double-hulled craft, 111.5 feet long, propelled on the surface by a steam engine and by electric motors when submerged. The ballast tanks were located between the double…

Narvik, town and ice-free seaport, northern Norway, near the head of Ofotfjorden. It is a major transshipment point for iron ore from the rich Kiruna-Gällivare mines in northern Sweden, since the Swedish ports on the Gulf of Bothnia are frozen in winter. The site was chosen as an ore port by an

Narva, city, Estonia. It lies along the Narva River, 9 miles (14 km) above the river’s outflow into the Gulf of Finland. It was founded in the 13th century and quickly became a substantial commercial city. Occupied first by Russia (1558–81) and then by Sweden, it was important as the scene of Peter

narwhal, (Monodon monoceros), a small toothed whale found along coasts and in rivers throughout the Arctic. Males possess a long straight tusk that projects forward from above the mouth. Narwhals lack a dorsal fin, and in adults the flippers are turned upward at the tips. Their mottled gray bodies

Narwar, historic town, northern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is situated just east of a steep scarp of the Vindhya Range where the Sind River turns sharply to the south, about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Shivpuri. The town traditionally is said to have been the capital of Raja Nala of

narwhal, (Monodon monoceros), a small toothed whale found along coasts and in rivers throughout the Arctic. Males possess a long straight tusk that projects forward from above the mouth. Narwhals lack a dorsal fin, and in adults the flippers are turned upward at the tips. Their mottled gray bodies

narwhal, (Monodon monoceros), a small toothed whale found along coasts and in rivers throughout the Arctic. Males possess a long straight tusk that projects forward from above the mouth. Narwhals lack a dorsal fin, and in adults the flippers are turned upward at the tips. Their mottled gray bodies

Naryan-Mar, inland port and capital of the Nenets autonomous okrug (district), Arkhangelsk oblast (region), northeastern European Russia. It lies on the Pechora River 68 miles (110 km) from its mouth on the Arctic Ocean. Building commenced in the early 1930s in connection with the development of

Naryn, oblasty (province), southeastern Kyrgyzstan. The least accessible part of the country, inhabited mainly by Kyrgyz people, it occupies the inner Tien Shan at an elevation of 4,300 feet (1,300 metres) or more and is separated from the rest of Kyrgyzstan by mountain ranges. On the frontier with

Naryn, city and administrative centre of Naryn oblasty (province), southeastern Kyrgyzstan. It lies along the Naryn River at an elevation of 6,725 feet (2,050 metres). Founded as a fortified point on the trade route from Kashgar in Sinkiang to the Chu River valley, it was made a city in 1927. Naryn

Naryn River, river in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan that is fed by the glaciers and snows of the central Tien Shan (mountains). It becomes the Syr Darya (river) after merging with the Karadarya in the Fergana Valley. The Naryn River flows westward for 430 miles (700 km), receiving many tributaries and

Western architecture: Russia: …that became known as the Naryshkin Baroque, a delightful example of which is the church of the Intercession of the Virgin at Fili (1693) on the estate of Boyarin Naryshkin, whose name had become identified with this phase of the Russian Baroque.

Russia: Alexis: …struggle began between the rival Naryshkin and Miloslavsky families. The Naryshkins were exiled, and the Miloslavskys, with their clients and supporters, took over. In 1682, however, Fyodor died, and the Naryshkin faction sought to place his half brother Peter on the throne instead of Fyodor’s full brother, the ailing Ivan.…

Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina: …Natalya’s adherents, known as the Naryshkin party, tried to obtain the throne for Peter. But Fyodor, the eldest son of Alexis by his first wife, succeeded his father, and the Naryshkin party lost influence to Fyodor’s maternal relatives, the Miloslavsky family. Nevertheless, during Fyodor’s reign (1676–82), Natalya, though living in…

Western architecture: Russia: … (1693) on the estate of Boyarin Naryshkin, whose name had become identified with this phase of the Russian Baroque.

Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina was the second wife of Tsar Alexis of Russia and mother of Peter I the Great. After Alexis’s death, she became the centre of a political faction devoted to placing Peter on the Russian throne. The daughter of the provincial nobleman Kirill Naryshkin, Natalya married

Hermann Hesse: In Narziss und Goldmund (1930; Narcissus and Goldmund), an intellectual ascetic who is content with established religious faith is contrasted with an artistic sensualist pursuing his own form of salvation. Hesse’s last and longest novel, Das Glasperlenspiel (1943; English titles The Glass Bead Game and Magister Ludi), is set in…

Nas is an American rapper and songwriter who became a dominant voice in 1990s East Coast hip-hop. Nas built a reputation as an expressive chronicler of inner-city street life. Nasir Jones, the son of a jazz musician, grew up in public housing in Queens, New York. He dropped out of school in the

National Academy of Sciences, nongovernmental American organization of scientists and engineers, established March 3, 1863, by act of Congress to serve as an official adviser to the government in all matters of science and technology. It is a self-perpetuating body of limited membership; new

Arabic literature: Ascetic poetry: …rural preacher in his “Al-Nās fī bilādī” (1957; “The People in My Country”):

Arabic literature: Revelation, compilation, and structure: …with the six verses of Al-Nās (“The People”) as the final—114th—surah. These short surahs belong to the Meccan period of revelation, while the lengthier surahs are made up of collections of revelations from both the Meccan and Medinan periods.

Naas, market and garrison town (urban district) and county seat of County Kildare, Ireland. Naas was one of the royal seats of the ancient province of Leinster, and St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, is said to have visited it. After the Anglo-Norman invasion (12th century and following), a

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), independent U.S. governmental agency established in 1958 for the research and development of vehicles and activities for the exploration of space within and outside Earth’s atmosphere. The organization is composed of four mission directorates:

Kenya: 2017 elections, annulment of presidential election results, and fresh election: …other parties to form the National Super Alliance (NASA). The new alliance chose to support Odinga for president and Musyoka for deputy president. During the campaign the rhetoric of both groups grew heated, some of which was directed toward the judiciary regarding rulings or anticipated rulings in election-related matters. This…

nasal, in phonetics, speech sound in which the airstream passes through the nose as a result of the lowering of the soft palate (velum) at the back of the mouth. In the case of nasal consonants, such as English m, n, and ng (the final sound in “sing”), the mouth is occluded at some point by the

skull: …by the vomer and the nasal, lachrymal, and turbinate bones. In infants the sutures (joints) between the various skull elements are loose, but with age they fuse together. Many mammals, such as the dog, have a sagittal crest down the centre of the skull; this provides an extra attachment site…

nasal polyp: …tissue that protrudes into the nasal cavity and sometimes obstructs it. Polyps can form as the result of allergic conditions or of inflammation and infection. Allergic polyps are usually bright red because of their extensive network of blood vessels. These polyps are most common along the side and upper walls…

nasal concha, any of several thin, scroll-shaped bony elements forming the upper chambers of the nasal cavities. They increase the surface area of these cavities, thus providing for rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs. In higher vertebrates the olfactory epithelium is

chemoreception: Fish: …on accessory cells in the olfactory epithelium. In contrast, in rockfish and some other benthic fish, the volume changes produced in the mouth by respiratory movements compress and expand accessory chambers that are associated with the olfactory epithelium, causing water to move into and out of the nasal cavity. The…

nasal gland, in marine birds and reptiles that drink saltwater, gland that extracts the salt and removes it from the animal’s body. Its function was unknown until 1957, when K. Schmidt-Nielsen and coworkers solved the long-standing problem of how oceanic birds can live without fresh water. They

drug: Dermatologic drugs: Nasal insufflation, or inhalation, involves the local application of a drug to the mucous membranes of the nose to achieve a systemic action. This represents an effective delivery route of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and its analogs in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. Relatively unsuccessful efforts…

parasympathetic nervous system: …which produce saliva; and the nasal mucous glands, which secrete mucus throughout the nasal air passages.

pharynx: The anterior portion is the nasal pharynx, the back section of the nasal cavity. The nasal pharynx connects to the second region, the oral pharynx, by means of a passage called an isthmus. The oral pharynx begins at the back of the mouth cavity and continues down the throat to…

nasal polyp, lump of tissue that protrudes into the nasal cavity and sometimes obstructs it. Polyps can form as the result of allergic conditions or of inflammation and infection. Allergic polyps are usually bright red because of their extensive network of blood vessels. These polyps are most

body modifications and mutilations: The head: …the nose, perforation of the septum or of one or both of the wings, or alae (or both procedures combined), was widespread among South American Indians, Melanesians, and inhabitants of India and Africa; it was sporadic elsewhere (e.g., among Polynesians and North American Indians).

pharmaceutical industry: Specialized dosage forms: Most nasal sprays are intended for treatment of colds or respiratory tract allergies. They contain medications designed to relieve nasal congestion and to decrease nasal discharges. Aerosols are pressurized dosage forms that are expelled from their container upon activation of a release valve. Aerosol propellants typically…

nasal tumour, abnormal growth in the nose. Tumours may be malignant or may remain localized and nonrecurrent. The nose is a common site for tumour growth in the upper respiratory tract because it is exposed to external weather conditions, as well as irritants in the air. Some nasal tumours arise

nasal concha, any of several thin, scroll-shaped bony elements forming the upper chambers of the nasal cavities. They increase the surface area of these cavities, thus providing for rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs. In higher vertebrates the olfactory epithelium is

proboscis monkey, (Nasalis larvatus), long-tailed arboreal primate found along rivers and in swampy mangrove forests of Borneo. Named for the male’s long and pendulous nose, the proboscis monkey is red-brown with pale underparts. The nose is smaller in the female and is upturned in the young. Males

speech disorder: Nasal speech: …nasal resonance leads to open nasality (hypernasal speech), affecting all oral speech sounds that should not be nasal. Organic causes impair the accuracy of palatal occlusion during emission of the nonnasal sounds. Among these are paralysis, congenital malformation, injury, or defects of the palate. The functional causes of palatal sluggishness…

Nasarawa, town, Nassarawa state, central Nigeria. The town lies just north of a fork in the Okwa River, which is a tributary of the Benue River. Nasarawa was founded in about 1838 in the Afo (Afao) tribal territory by Umaru, a dissident official from the nearby town of Keffi, as the seat of the new

ʿilm al-ḥadīth: …Ibn Mājāh (died 886), and al-Nasāʾī (died 915)—came to be recognized as canonical in orthodox Islam, though the books of al-Bukhārī and Muslim enjoy a prestige that virtually eclipses the other four.

Petroleum V. Nasby was an American humorist who had considerable influence on public issues during and after the American Civil War. From an early age Locke worked for newspapers in New York and Ohio. In 1861, as editor of the Findlay (Ohio) Jeffersonian, he published the first of many satirical

Petroleum V. Nasby was an American humorist who had considerable influence on public issues during and after the American Civil War. From an early age Locke worked for newspapers in New York and Ohio. In 1861, as editor of the Findlay (Ohio) Jeffersonian, he published the first of many satirical

Nazca, culture located on the southern coast of present-day Peru during the Early Intermediate Period (c. 200 bc–ad 600), so called from the Nazca Valley but including also the Pisco, Chincha, Ica, Palpa, and Acarí valleys. Nazca pottery is polychrome. Modeling was sometimes employed, particularly

Nazca Lines, groups of geoglyphs, large line drawings that appear, from a distance, to be etched into Earth’s surface on the arid Pampa Colorada (“Coloured Plain” or “Red Plain”), northwest of the city of Nazca in southern Peru. They extend over an area of nearly 190 square miles (500 square km).

NASCAR, sanctioning body for stock-car racing in North America, founded in 1948 in Daytona Beach, Florida, and responsible for making stock-car racing a widely popular sport in the United States by the turn of the 21st century. Integral to NASCAR’s founding in the late 1940s was Bill France, an

Although several drivers have been named champion of the NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) Cup Series more than once since the sanctioning body’s inception in 1948, three drivers hold the record for the most titles: Richard Petty (who won in 1964, 1967, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975,

Jimmie Johnson: …Series and, in 2008, the Sprint Cup Series.) He also earned his first Busch Series win in 2001, at Chicagoland Speedway, winding up eighth in that series’s point standings. In 2002 he began his rookie season in the Cup Series, winning three races and ending the season ranked fifth. Two…