bird’s-nest orchid, (Neottia nidus-avis), nonphotosynthetic orchid (family Orchidaceae) native to Europe and North Africa. The bird’s-nest orchid lacks chlorophyll and obtains its food from decaying organic material with the help of mycorrhizae. The short underground stem and the mass of roots that

twayblade: The common twayblade (N. ovata), found throughout Eurasia, has small green flowers and broad egg-shaped leaves. The lesser twayblade (N. cordata), also widespread in Eurasia, has heart-shaped leaves.

taxonomy: Verification and validation by type specimens: …is frequently the case, a neotype is selected and so designated by someone who subsequently revises the taxon, and the neotype occupies a position equivalent to that of the holotype. The first type validly designated has priority over all other type specimens. Paratypes are specimens used, along with the holotype,…

ryegrass: …with a poisonous fungus (Neotyphodium species) that can be dangerous to grazing animals. Modern winnowing techniques now separate the seed from rye seed, but in earlier times contaminated rye flour was a health hazard.

mink: …mink (Mustela lutreola) and the American mink are both valued for their luxurious fur. The American mink—which is classified as Neovison vison by most sources and M. vision or Neogale vision by others—is one of the pillars of the fur industry and is raised in captivity throughout the world. In…

New Economic Policy (NEP), the economic policy of the government of the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928, representing a temporary retreat from its previous policy of extreme centralization and doctrinaire socialism. (Read Leon Trotsky’s 1926 Britannica essay on Lenin.) The policy of War Communism,

Canada: Second premiership: …was the basis of the National Energy Program (NEP), introduced in the fall of 1980, which was designed to speed up the “Canadianization” of the energy industry and vastly increase Ottawa’s share of energy revenues. The NEP created a fierce conflict between the central government and the energy-producing provinces (particularly…

Voter News Service: …service was replaced by the National Election Pool (NEP).

Malaysia: Economy of Malaysia: …(NEP) and later as the New Development Policy (NDP), that has sought to strike a balance between the goals of economic growth and the redistribution of wealth. The Malaysian economy has long been dominated by the country’s Chinese and South Asian minorities. The goal of the NEP and the NDP…

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the first major U.S. environmental law. Enacted in 1969 and signed into law in 1970 by President Richard M. Nixon, NEPA requires all federal agencies to go through a formal process before taking any action anticipated to have substantial impact on the

Nepal, country of Asia, lying along the southern slopes of the Himalayan mountain ranges. It is a landlocked country located between India to the east, south, and west and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north. Its territory extends roughly 500 miles (800 kilometres) from east to west

Nepal, country of Asia, lying along the southern slopes of the Himalayan mountain ranges. It is a landlocked country located between India to the east, south, and west and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north. Its territory extends roughly 500 miles (800 kilometres) from east to west

Nepal: Federal republic: …party in May 2018: the Nepal Communist Party (NCP).

Nepal earthquake of 2015, severe earthquake that struck near the city of Kathmandu in central Nepal on April 25, 2015. About 9,000 people were killed, many thousands more were injured, and more than 600,000 structures in Kathmandu and other nearby towns were either damaged or destroyed. The

Nepal Himalayas, east-central section and highest part of the Himalayan mountain ranges in south-central Asia, extending some 500 miles (800 km) from the Kali River east to the Tista River. The range occupies most of Nepal and extends into the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and Sikkim state in

nonrectangular national flag consisting of two united pennant (triangular flag) shapes. Nepal is the only country in the modern world that does not have a rectangular national flag. It is crimson with blue borders and incorporates stylized symbols of the sun and moon.Hundreds of independent states

history of Nepal, a survey of the notable events and people in the history of Nepal from prehistoric times to the present. The country is located between India to the east, south, and west and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north. Its territory extends roughly 500 miles (800 km) from

Nepal: Fall of the monarchy: Madhav Kumar Nepal of the CPN (UML) became prime minister later that month at the head of a 22-party coalition. The change did little to resolve the country’s ongoing political deadlock, particularly the drafting of a new constitution. In June 2010 Prime Minister Nepal resigned…

Nepalganj, town, southwestern Nepal. It is situated in the Tarai, a low, fertile plain northeast of Nanpara, India. Nepalganj, located 4 miles (6 km) from a railway terminus across the border in India, is a trading centre for rice, wheat, corn (maize), oilseeds, and hides produced in the

Nepalganj, town, southwestern Nepal. It is situated in the Tarai, a low, fertile plain northeast of Nanpara, India. Nepalganj, located 4 miles (6 km) from a railway terminus across the border in India, is a trading centre for rice, wheat, corn (maize), oilseeds, and hides produced in the

Nepal: External relations, 1750–1950: …revolutionary forces, led by the Nepali Congress (NC) party, gained an ascendant position in the administration.

Nepali language, member of the Pahari subgroup of the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-Iranian division of the Indo-European languages. Nepali is spoken by more than 17 million people, mostly in Nepal and neighbouring parts of India. Smaller speech communities exist in Bhutan, Brunei, and Myanmar.

Nepali literature, the body of writings in the Nepali language of Nepal. Before the Gurkha (Gorkha) conquest of Nepal in 1768, Nepalese writings were in Sanskrit and Newari as well as Nepali (the latter being the language of the Gurkha conquerors). These writings consisted of religious texts,

pitcher plant: Nepenthaceae: The family Nepenthaceae consists of a single genus, Nepenthes, with some 140 species of tropical pitcher plants native to Madagascar, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Most of these species are perennials that grow in very acidic soil, though some are epiphytic and live on the…

anesthetic: Anesthetics through history: Homer wrote of nepenthe, which was probably cannabis or opium. Arabian physicians used opium and henbane. Centuries later, powerful rum was administered freely to British sailors before emergency amputations were carried out on board ship in the aftermath of battle.

George Darley: …in his unfinished lyrical epic Nepenthe (1835), of a symbolic dreamworld. Long regarded as unreadable, this epic came to be admired in the 20th century for its dream imagery, use of symbolism to reveal inner consciousness, and tumultuous metrical organization.

Nepenthes, genus of carnivorous pitcher plants that make up the only genus in the family Nepenthaceae (order Caryophyllales). About 140 species are known, mostly native to Madagascar, Southeast Asia, and Australia. (The North American pitcher plants are in the family Sarraceniaceae.) Nepenthes

Nepenthes: Major species: species, the critically endangered Attenborough’s pitcher plant (N. attenboroughii), is the largest carnivorous plant, reaching up to 1.5 metres (4.9 feet) tall. Its pitchers are 30 cm (11.8 inches) in diameter and are able to capture and digest rodents and other small animals. About 25 other species are listed…

pitcher plant: Nepenthaceae: …World genus Nepenthes include the slender pitcher plant (N. gracilis), the common swamp pitcher plant (N. mirabilis), and the golden peristome (N. veitchii), as well as a number of hybrid species such as Hooker’s pitcher plant N. ×hookeriana, N. ×mastersiana, and N. ×dominii.

pitcher plant: Nepenthaceae: Yet another species, N. hemsleyana, has an elongated pitcher that provides shelter for Hardwicke’s woolly bat (Kerivoula hardwicki) and collects its guano.

pitcher plant: Nepenthaceae: gracilis), the common swamp pitcher plant (N. mirabilis), and the golden peristome (N. veitchii), as well as a number of hybrid species such as Hooker’s pitcher plant N. ×hookeriana, N. ×mastersiana, and N. ×dominii.

pitcher plant: Nepenthaceae: In Borneo N. rajah attracts mountain tree shrews (Tupaia montana) with copious amounts of nectar in the pitcher lid. While the animal feeds, the broad open mouth of the sturdy, non-slippery pitcher serves as a toilet, collecting nutrient-rich manure. At least two other species, N. lowii and…

pitcher plant: Nepenthaceae: mirabilis), and the golden peristome (N. veitchii), as well as a number of hybrid species such as Hooker’s pitcher plant N. ×hookeriana, N. ×mastersiana, and N. ×dominii.

John Napier was a Scottish mathematician and theological writer who originated the concept of logarithms as a mathematical device to aid in calculations. At the age of 13, Napier entered the University of St. Andrews, but his stay appears to have been short, and he left without taking a degree.

catnip, (Nepeta cataria), herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae), noted for its aromatic leaves, which are particularly exciting to cats. Catnip is commonly grown by cat owners for their pets, and the dried leaves are often used as a stuffing for cat playthings. The herb is native to Eurasia and is

catnip: …a volatile oil known as nepetalactone, which stimulates sensory neurons in most cats, attracting them to the plant. The effect generally lasts about 10 minutes and triggers a wide range of behaviours, including purring, rolling, vocalizations, head rubbing, drooling, jumping, and sometimes aggression.

Clouds, comedy by Aristophanes, produced in 423 bce. The play attacks “modern” education and morals as imparted and taught by the radical intellectuals known as the Sophists. The main victim of the play is the leading Athenian thinker and teacher Socrates, who is purposely (and unfairly) given many

Argonaut: …Helle, by his first wife, Nephele, the cloud goddess. Ino, his second wife, hated the children of Nephele and persuaded Athamas to sacrifice Phrixus as the only means of alleviating a famine. But before the sacrifice, Nephele appeared to Phrixus, bringing a ram with a golden fleece on which he…

nepheline, the most common feldspathoid mineral, an aluminosilicate of sodium and potassium [(Na,K)AlSiO4]. It is sometimes used as a substitute for feldspars in the manufacture of glass and ceramics. Nepheline is the characteristic mineral of alkaline plutonic rocks, particularly nepheline

nepheline syenite, medium- to coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, a member of the alkali-syenite group (see syenite) that consists largely of feldspar and nepheline. It is always considerably poorer in silica and richer in alkalies than granite. The extraordinarily varied mineralogy of the

basalt: …the rock is known as nepheline-basalt; if the replacement is only partial, the term nepheline-basanite is used. Similarly, there are analcime- and leucite-basalts and leucite-basanites. Most nepheline-basalts are fine-grained, very dark-coloured rocks and date to the early Cenozoic Era (65.5 million years ago to the present). They are fairly common…

nephelinite, silica-poor (mafic) lava that contains nepheline and pyroxene and is usually completely crystallized. Despite its wide geographic distribution and occasional extensive local development, it is a very rare rock. Known only from Paleogene and Neogene strata (about 65.5 million to 2.6

nepheline, the most common feldspathoid mineral, an aluminosilicate of sodium and potassium [(Na,K)AlSiO4]. It is sometimes used as a substitute for feldspars in the manufacture of glass and ceramics. Nepheline is the characteristic mineral of alkaline plutonic rocks, particularly nepheline

rambutan, (Nephelium lappaceum), tree of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). It is native to Malaysia, where it is commonly cultivated for its tasty fruit, also called rambutan. The bright-red, oval fruit, about the size of a small hen’s egg, is covered with long, soft spines and has a tasty acid

Theodore William Richards: …the bottling device, and the nephelometer (an instrument for measuring turbidity). Although the atomic weight values of Jean Servais Stas had been regarded as standard, about 1903 physicochemical measurements showed that some were not accurate. Richards and his students revised these figures, lowering, for instance, Stas’s value for silver from…

nephelometry and turbidimetry, in analytical chemistry, methods for determining the amount of cloudiness, or turbidity, in a solution based upon measurement of the effect of this turbidity upon the transmission and scattering of light. Turbidity in a liquid is caused by the presence of finely

ancient Egypt: The 28th, 29th, and 30th dynasties: …in 380 bce his son Nepherites II lasted only four months before a general, Nectanebo I (Nekhtnebef; ruled 380–362 bce) of Sebennytos, usurped the throne, founding the 30th dynasty (380–343 bce). In 373 bce the Persians attacked Egypt, and, although Egyptian losses were heavy, disagreement between the Persian satrap Pharnabazus…

avunculate: …measure of authority over his nephews (and sometimes his nieces), coupled with specific responsibilities in their upbringing, initiation, and marriage. These children, in turn, often enjoy special rights to their uncle’s property, often taking precedence in inheritance over the uncle’s children.

Nephi, city, seat (1882) of Juab county, north-central Utah, U.S. Located at the southern end of the Wasatch Range, the city was founded as an agricultural colony in 1851 and was originally called Salt Creek; in the late 1850s Mormon leaders renamed it after a prophet of the Book of Mormon. Nephi

silk spider, (genus Nephila), any of a genus of the class Arachnida (phylum Arthropoda), so named because of the great strength of their silk and the golden colour of their huge orb webs. These webs often measure 1 metre (about 3.3 feet) or more in diameter and are suspended between trees by guy

silk spider: Another giant silk spider is N. clavipes, a species found in the southeastern United States and in regions of Central and South America. Females of N. clavipes can have a body length of more than 40 mm (1.6 inches) and a leg span of more than 125 mm (4.9 inches).

silk spider: …silk spiders are females of Nephila komaci, a species reported in 2009 from specimens found in Africa and Madagascar that has a leg span measuring some 120 mm (4.7 inches). Another giant silk spider is N. clavipes, a species found in the southeastern United States and in regions of Central…

spider: Mating: Male Nephilengys malabarensis spiders of Southeast Asia and the southwestern Pacific region are thought to escape sexual cannibalism through remote copulation, in which the male’s copulatory organ detaches during mating and remains in the female, enabling prolonged sperm transfer. Females of some species mate only once,…

Nephilim, in the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament), a group of mysterious beings or people of unusually large size and strength who lived both before and after the Flood. The Nephilim are referenced in Genesis and Numbers and are possibly referred to in Ezekiel. The Hebrew word nefilim is

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Scriptures: …into two groups: the virtuous Nephites, who prospered for a time, and the hostile Lamanites, who eventually exterminated the Nephites.

pregnancy: Urinary tract diseases: It is sometimes necessary to remove a person’s kidney because of an infection, a stone, a tumour, or tuberculosis. The remaining normal kidney has a reserve that is greatly in excess of the demands that will be made by gestation, provided that it does not become infected. Infections, impaired kidney…

malacostracan: Excretion: …through the ducts of the nephridial glands, which are present in the body segments of the second antennae and the maxillae. The ducts open on the basal segments of those head appendages. Antennal nephridial glands are present in the adult stages of eucaridans, mysidaceans, and amphipods and in the larval…

excretion: The nephridia of annelids, nemertines, flatworms, and rotifers: …through the external opening, or nephridiopore. The rate of urine flow for an earthworm may be as much as 60 percent of its body weight in a period of 24 hours.

excretion: The nephridia of annelids, nemertines, flatworms, and rotifers: …an internal opening called the nephridiostome. As the fluid passes along the tubule, probably driven by cilia, its composition is modified. In the two lower regions of the tubule the fluid becomes progressively more dilute, presumably as a result of the reabsorption of salts. Finally, a very dilute urine passes…

nephridium, unit of the excretory system in many primitive invertebrates and also in the amphioxus; it expels wastes from the body cavity to the (usually aquatic) exterior. The evolution of nephridia encouraged tissue specialization by eliminating the need for all cells of an organism to be in

nephrite, a gem-quality silicate mineral in the tremolite–actinolite series of amphiboles. It is the less prized but more common of the two types of jade, usually found as translucent to opaque, compact, dense aggregates of finely interfelted tufts of long, thin fibres. It may be distinguished from

Bright disease, inflammation of the structures in the kidney that produce urine: the glomeruli and the nephrons. The glomeruli are small round clusters of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) that are surrounded by a double-walled capsule, called Bowman’s capsule. Bowman’s capsule in turn

nephroblastoma, malignant renal (kidney) tumour of early childhood. In 75 percent of the cases, the tumour grows before the age of five; about two-thirds of the instances are apparent by two years of age. The tumour grows rapidly and can approach the weight of the rest of the body. It rarely

diabetes insipidus: Types and causes: …of the disease is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which results when the supplies of vasopressin are adequate but the kidney tubules are unresponsive—either genetically or because of an acquired condition. The most severe form of this disorder is congenital hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This condition is caused by mutations in…

fern: Annotated classification: Family Nephrolepidaceae Plants widely distributed in tropical regions and sometimes cultivated as ornamental sword ferns; 1 genus (Nephrolepis) with about 30 species; formerly placed in Lomariopsidaceae. Family Oleandraceae Plants in soil, on rock, or climbing (hemiepiphytic); rhizomes long-creeping, sometimes with elongate, ascending, or

Lomariopsidaceae: …the ornamental sword ferns (Nephrolepis), which are now placed in their own family, Nephrolepidaceae. According to the 2016 Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG I), the family comprises Cyclopeltis, Dracoglossum, Dryopolystichum, and Lomariopsis.

nephrology, branch of medicine concerned with the study of kidney functions and the treatment of kidney diseases. The first scientific observations of the kidney were made by Lorenzo Bellini and Marcello Malpighi in the middle of the 17th century, but true physiological understanding of the kidney

nephron, functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney. The most primitive nephrons are found in the kidneys (pronephros) of primitive fish,

loop of Henle, long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds, and mammals. The principal function of the loop of Henle is in the recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine. This function allows production of urine that is far more

hantavirus: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A second HFRS disease, nephropathia epidemica, is usually not fatal. It is caused by the Puumala virus, which is carried by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Nephropathia epidemica has occurred in Scandinavia, western Russia, and other parts of Europe. Mild hemorrhagic illness can also result from infection with the…

cystinosis: …three distinct forms of cystinosis—nephropathic (infantile), intermediate (adolescent), and nonnephropathic (benign, or ocular)—which differ with respect to clinical presentation, progression, and severity.

lobster: The true lobsters (Homaridae) have claws (chelae) on the first three pairs of legs, with very large claws on the first pair. They have a distinct rostrum, or snout, on the carapace, which covers the head and thorax, or midsection. The American lobster (Homarus americanus) and the Norway…

scampi, (Nephrops norvegicus), edible lobster of the order Decapoda (class Crustacea). It is widespread in the Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic, from North Africa to Norway and Iceland, and as a gastronomic delicacy it is commercially exploited over much of its range, particularly by Great

lobster: The true lobsters (Homaridae) have claws (chelae) on the first three pairs of legs, with very large claws on the first pair. They have a distinct rostrum, or snout, on the carapace, which covers the head and thorax, or midsection. The American lobster (Homarus americanus) and the Norway…

nephrosclerosis, hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles (small arteries that convey blood from arteries to the even smaller capillaries) of the kidney. This condition is caused by hypertension (high blood pressure). Hypertension can be present in a person for 20 to 30 years

nephrotic syndrome, group of signs of kidney malfunction, including a low level of albumin (a protein) and a high level of lipids (fats) in the blood, proteins in the urine, and the accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Nephrotic syndrome typically results in the loss of more than 3.5 grams of

archinephros: …these openings, which are called nephrostomes.

nephrotic syndrome, group of signs of kidney malfunction, including a low level of albumin (a protein) and a high level of lipids (fats) in the blood, proteins in the urine, and the accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Nephrotic syndrome typically results in the loss of more than 3.5 grams of

animal development: Excretory organs: …the stalks of somites called nephrotomes. In some primitive vertebrates such as cyclostomes, the nephrotome in each segment gives rise to only one tubule, but, in the great majority of vertebrates, mesenchyme from adjacent nephrotomes fuses into a common mass that differentiates into a number of nephric tubules irrespective of…

aminoglycoside: Clinical uses and toxicities: Nephrotoxicity (impairment of kidney function) and ototoxicity (impairment of the organs of hearing and balance) are the most common side effects of aminoglycosides. The risk of these reactions increases with age and with preexisting renal system diseases or hearing loss. Once-a-day dosing allows the plasma…

Nephthys, Greek form of the name of the Egyptian goddess Nebtho. She seems to have been artificially created in apposition to Isis to be a second sister to the god Osiris and wife to his brother Set (Setekh). She plays practically no part outside the myth of Osiris, in which her only function is to

George Nēpia was a rugby football player from New Zealand who, despite having played in only nine Test (international) matches, is regarded as one of the finest fullbacks in rugby history. Nēpia made his first-class debut as a wing in a 1921 trial match to select a New Zealand Māori side to tour

water scorpion, any of the approximately 150 species of aquatic invertebrates of the family Nepidae (order Hemiptera). The water scorpion resembles a land scorpion in certain ways: it has scythelike front legs adapted for seizing prey and a long, thin, whiplike structure at its posterior end. This

Bathurst, city in Gloucester county, northeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It lies at the mouth of the Nepisiguit River, on Bathurst Harbour, a southern arm of Nepisiguit Bay. The original French settlement, founded in 1619, was called Nepisiguit and then St. Peters. After 1755 the British displaced

Ituri Forest: Climate and drainage: The most notable are the Nepoko in the north, the Epulu and Nduye in the centre, and the Ibina in the south. None of these rivers is navigable, even by pirogue, for more than a few miles. The streams are fed by rains that are highly variable from month to…

Magnus Carlsen: …fifth time, against Russian player Ian Nepomniachtchi, in Dubai in 2021. He won 4 of 11 games and tied the rest. His first victory in the series, in the sixth game, was the longest game ever played in a world chess championship and lasted 136 moves over 7 hours and…

Latin American music: The 19th century: …Brazil is best represented by Alberto Nepomuceno. In several of his piano pieces, his String Quartet No. 3 (1891; subtitled “Brasileiro”), and above all in his Série brasileira (1892), for orchestra, Nepomuceno incorporated traits of popular dance music and attempted to depict aspects of Brazilian life.

Cornelius Nepos was a Roman historian, the earliest biographer to write in Latin. He was a correspondent and friend of Cicero and Atticus, and he was the friend (or patron) to whom Catullus dedicated his poems. Nepos came, like Catullus, from Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy). His principal writings

Julius Nepos was the last legitimate Western Roman emperor (reigned 474–475). Born of a distinguished family, Nepos was sent by the Eastern ruler Leo I to govern Italy as augustus (emperor). He at once deposed the Western emperor, Glycerius, whom Leo regarded as a usurper. Nepos proclaimed himself

nepotism, the unfair practice of granting jobs and other favours to relatives, whether by blood or marriage. Nepotism occurs in all kinds of workplaces and fields, but it is often associated with favouritism in business and politics. In education, nepotism occurs when the children or relatives of

Moses Lake, city, Grant county, central Washington, U.S., situated on the northeast shore of Moses Lake. Located on a traditional hunting and fishing ground, the town was settled in 1897 and was laid out in 1910 as Neppel; in 1938 it was renamed for the Columbia-Sinkiuse Indian leader Moses.

midget moth, any member of the approximately 300 species in the cosmopolitan family Nepticulidae (sometimes called Stigmellidae), containing some of the smallest members of the order Lepidoptera. Most have long and pointed wings generally covered with scales and spinelike hairs; the wingspan is

Lepidoptera: Annotated classification: Superfamily Nepticuloidea Approximately 900 species worldwide; females with one genital opening and a soft ovipositor. Family Nepticulidae (midget moths) 800 species worldwide of very small to minute moths; antennae with broad “eyecaps” at the base; larvae mostly leaf and bark miners, a few gall makers.

Neptune: Neptune’s festival (Neptunalia) took place in the heat of the summer (July 23), when water was scarcest; thus, its purpose was probably the propitiation of the freshwater deity. Neptune had a temple in the Circus Flaminius at Rome; one of its features was a sculptured group of…

Neptune, in Roman religion, originally the god of fresh water; by 399 bce he was identified with the Greek Poseidon and thus became a deity of the sea. His female counterpart, Salacia, was perhaps originally a goddess of leaping springwater, subsequently equated with the Greek Amphitrite. Neptune’s

Neptune, third most massive planet of the solar system and the eighth and outermost planet from the Sun. Because of its great distance from Earth, it cannot be seen with the unaided eye. With a small telescope, it appears as a tiny, faint blue-green disk. It is designated by the symbol ♆. Neptune

Jan Gossart: …in such works as the Neptune and Amphitrite (1516) and the Hercules and Deianira (1517), in which his early, complex designs have given way to a comparatively simple and direct conception.

Western painting: Low Countries: …paintings, such as the “Neptune and Amphitrite” (Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) of 1516, indicate that he was able to understand only the superficialities and not the motivation and terribilità of Michelangelo’s nudes. Bernard van Orley remained in Brussels and learned of Italy through Raphael’s cartoons, which were sent…

Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery: …approved the expansion plan (code-named Neptune), and Montgomery commanded all ground forces in the initial stages of the invasion, launched on D-Day, June 6, 1944. Beginning August 1, his Twenty-first Army Group consisted of Miles Dempsey’s British Second Army and Henry Crerar’s First Canadian Army. Promoted to the rank of…

Edward Buzzell: Neptune’s Daughter (1949)—Buzzell’s final MGM picture—was a pleasant vehicle for Esther Williams, and it featured “Baby, It’s Cold Outside,” which earned noted songwriter Frank Loesser an Academy Award for best original song and which became a pop standard.