• Neptunes, The (American music production duo)

    Pharrell Williams: Early life and career with the Neptunes: …high school began calling themselves the Neptunes. A scout for music producer Teddy Riley, who had recently opened a recording studio near the high school that Williams attended, heard the Neptunes perform at a school talent show and brought them to Riley’s attention. In 1992 Williams wrote a verse for…

  • Neptunism (geology)

    Earth sciences: Earth history according to Werner and James Hutton: The Neptunists, led by Werner and his students, maintained that Earth was originally covered by a turbid ocean. The first sediments deposited over the irregular floor of this universal ocean formed the granite and other crystalline rocks. Then as the ocean began to subside, “Stratified” rocks…

  • neptunium (chemical element)

    neptunium (Np), radioactive chemical element of the actinoid series of the periodic table that was the first transuranium element to be artificially produced, atomic number 93. Though traces of neptunium have subsequently been found in nature, where it is not primeval but produced by

  • neptunium series (chemical series)

    neptunium series, set of artificially produced and unstable heavy nuclei that are genetically related through alpha and beta decay. It is one of four radioactive

  • neptunium-225 (chemical isotope)

    neptunium: …among the most unstable is neptunium-225, with a half-life of more than 2 microseconds. Neptunium-237 can be separated from used reactor fuel to study the physical and chemical properties of the element.

  • neptunium-237 (chemical isotope)

    neptunium: … are radioactive; the stablest is neptunium-237, with a half-life of 2,144,000 years, and among the most unstable is neptunium-225, with a half-life of more than 2 microseconds. Neptunium-237 can be separated from used reactor fuel to study the physical and chemical properties of the element.

  • neptunium-239 (chemical isotope)

    uranium processing: Conversion to plutonium: Neptunium-239 in turn undergoes beta decay, being transformed into plutonium-239 (atomic number 94).

  • Neptunus (Roman god)

    Neptune, in Roman religion, originally the god of fresh water; by 399 bce he was identified with the Greek Poseidon and thus became a deity of the sea. His female counterpart, Salacia, was perhaps originally a goddess of leaping springwater, subsequently equated with the Greek Amphitrite. Neptune’s

  • Nepveu, Pierre (French engineer)

    Western architecture: Early Renaissance: …French builders (in this case Pierre Nepveu), often with many changes. Chambord is a tremendous structure, about 500 feet (150 metres) wide, with a plan showing the gradual breakdown of the old castle plan. There is a rectangular court surrounded by walls with round towers at the corners, but on…

  • ner tamid (Judaism)

    ner tamid, (Hebrew: “eternal light”), lamp that burns perpetually in Jewish synagogues before or near the ark of the Law (aron ha-qodesh). It reminds the congregation of the holiness of the Torah scrolls that are stored within the ark and calls to mind God’s abiding presence and his providential

  • Nera (people)

    Eastern Sudanic languages: The territory of the Nera (also known as Barea, a name they consider to be pejorative), who were first mentioned in a 4th-century inscription by King Ezana of Aksum, adjoins that of the Eritrean speakers of Kunama and Ilit languages.

  • Nerbudda River (river, India)

    Narmada River, major river in central India flowing westward through Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra states. The Narmada basin covers 38,145 square miles (98,796 square km) and includes a portion of Chhattisgarh state. The waterway is fed by 41 tributaries. It has long been an important

  • Nerchinsk (Russia)

    Nerchinsk, town, Zabaykalye kray (territory), south-central Siberia, Russia. The town lies along the Nercha River just above the latter’s confluence with the Shilka. Nerchinsk was founded as a fort in 1654. It once served as an important customs post and trading centre on the route to China, but

  • Nerchinsk, Treaty of (China-Russia [1689])

    Treaty of Nerchinsk, (1689), peace settlement between Russia and the Manchu Chinese empire that checked Russia’s eastward expansion by removing its outposts from the Amur River basin. By the treaty’s terms Russia lost easy access to the Sea of Okhotsk and Far Eastern markets but secured its claim

  • Nerčinsk (Russia)

    Nerchinsk, town, Zabaykalye kray (territory), south-central Siberia, Russia. The town lies along the Nercha River just above the latter’s confluence with the Shilka. Nerchinsk was founded as a fort in 1654. It once served as an important customs post and trading centre on the route to China, but

  • nerd

    geek: Geeks versus nerds: …make distinctions between geek and nerd, with the former being applied to those whose eclectic interests and enthusiasm are “more community-oriented” and “fannish,” and the latter referring to those whose knowledge is more technical and has less to do with popular culture. These distinctions between the two words have been…

  • Nereid (Greek mythology)

    Nereid, in Greek religion, any of the daughters (numbering 50 or 100) of the sea god Nereus (eldest son of Pontus, a personification of the sea) and of Doris, daughter of Oceanus (the god of the water encircling the flat Earth). The Nereids were depicted as young girls, inhabiting any water, salt

  • Nereid (astronomy)

    Nereid, third largest known moon of Neptune and the second to be discovered. It was detected photographically by the Dutch American astronomer Gerard P. Kuiper in 1949. It is named after the numerous daughters, called Nereids, of the sea god Nereus in Greek mythology. Nereid has a diameter of about

  • Nereis (annelid)

    rag worm, any of a group of mostly marine or shore worms of the class Polychaeta (phylum Annelida). A few species live in fresh water. Other common names include mussel worm, pileworm, and sandworm. Rag worms vary in length from 2.5 to 90 cm (1 inch to 3 feet); they are commonly brown, bright red,

  • Nereis limnicola (annelid)

    rag worm: …common North American species is Nereis limnicola, found on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. N. virens, which may be as long as 80 cm (31.5 inches), occurs on both sides of the North Atlantic. Some rag worms are commonly used by fishermen for bait.

  • Nereis virens (annelid)

    rag worm: N. virens, which may be as long as 80 cm (31.5 inches), occurs on both sides of the North Atlantic. Some rag worms are commonly used by fishermen for bait.

  • Nereocystis (genus of brown algae)

    kelp: Members of the genus Nereocystis, commonly called bull kelps, are annual kelps that grow primarily in deep waters and rapid tideways and can attain lengths up to 40 metres (130 feet). The stalk is tough and whiplike, terminating in a single large bladder containing up to 10 percent carbon…

  • Neretum (Italy)

    Nardò, town, Puglia (Apulia) regione, southeastern Italy, southwest of Lecce city. Originally the Roman city of Neretum, Nardò was both Byzantine and Norman; it has a 13th–14th-century cathedral in the Gothic style and an unusual circular chapel called the Osanna, dating from 1603. Examples of

  • Neretva River (river, Europe)

    Neretva River, river flowing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Croatia. The Neretva River rises on Lebršnik Mountain and flows northwest past Konjic to Jablanica (Jablaničko) Lake, then southwest via Mostar to enter the Adriatic Sea. Its total length is 140 miles (225 km). The upper course of the

  • Nereus (Greek god)

    Nereus, in Greek religion, sea god called by Homer “Old Man of the Sea,” noted for his wisdom, gift of prophecy, and ability to change his shape. He was the son of Pontus, a personification of the sea, and Gaea, the Earth goddess. The Nereids (water nymphs) were his daughters by the Oceanid Doris,

  • Nergal (planet)

    Mars, fourth planet in the solar system in order of distance from the Sun and seventh in size and mass. It is a periodically conspicuous reddish object in the night sky. Mars is designated by the symbol ♂. What do you think? Explore the ProCon debate Sometimes called the Red Planet, Mars has long

  • Nergal (Mesopotamian deity)

    Nergal, in Mesopotamian religion, secondary god of the Sumero-Akkadian pantheon. He was identified with Irra, the god of scorched earth and war, and with Meslamtaea, He Who Comes Forth from Meslam. Cuthah (modern Tall Ibrāhīm) was the chief centre of his cult. In later thought he was a “destroying

  • Nergal Gate (gate, Nineveh, Iraq)

    Nineveh: Outline of the city: In the Nergal Gate two winged stone bulls, attributable to Sennacherib, have been reinstalled: a site museum has been erected adjacent to it by the Iraqi Department of Antiquities. The Adad Gate contained many inscribed tiles, and what may prove to be the Sin Gate contained a…

  • Nergal-shar-usur (king of Babylonia)

    history of Mesopotamia: The last kings of Babylonia: His brother-in-law and successor, Nergal-shar-uṣur (called Neriglissar in classical sources; 559–556), was a general who undertook a campaign in 557 into the “rough” Cilician land, which may have been under the control of the Medes. His land forces were assisted by a fleet. His still-minor son Labashi-Marduk was murdered…

  • Neri (medieval Italian political faction)

    Florence: The early period: …policy was embraced by the Blacks (Neri; the rich merchants), the latter by the Whites (Bianchi; the lesser citizens).

  • Neri Vela, Rodolfo (Mexican scientist and engineer)

    Rodolfo Neri Vela is a Mexican scientist and engineer, and he was the first Mexican citizen to fly into space. Neri Vela earned a B.S. in mechanical and electronic engineering, specializing in communications technology, from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in 1975. After

  • Neri, Giampiero (Italian author)

    Italian literature: Poetry after World War II: …from Neorealism to Sperimentalismo (“Experimentalism”); Giampiero Neri (pseudonym of Giampiero Pontiggia), influenced in his descriptive narratives by Vittorio Sereni; Giorgio Cesarano, another poetic narrator who abandoned poetry in 1969, before his subsequent suicide (1975); and Tiziano Rossi, whose dominant moral concern led to comparisons with the expressionist poets of the…

  • Neri, Pompeo (Habsburg official)

    Italy: Tuscany: Pompeo Neri, who was recalled from Milan to Florence in 1758, advocated the free trade of cereals to address problems of economic scarcity and provide incentives to agricultural production.

  • Neri, Saint Philip (Roman Catholic saint)

    Saint Philip Neri ; canonized 1622; feast day May 26) was an Italian priest and one of the outstanding mystics during the Counter-Reformation and founder of the Congregation of the Oratory (now the Institute of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri, also called Oratorians), a congregation of secular

  • Neri, San Filippo (Roman Catholic saint)

    Saint Philip Neri ; canonized 1622; feast day May 26) was an Italian priest and one of the outstanding mystics during the Counter-Reformation and founder of the Congregation of the Oratory (now the Institute of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri, also called Oratorians), a congregation of secular

  • Néricault, Phillippe (French dramatist)

    Destouches was a dramatist who brought to the tradition of French classical comedy influences derived from the English Restoration theatre. After classical studies in Tours and Paris, Destouches entered the diplomatic service. He was posted to Switzerland and, in 1717, to London. There he became

  • Neriglissar (king of Babylonia)

    history of Mesopotamia: The last kings of Babylonia: His brother-in-law and successor, Nergal-shar-uṣur (called Neriglissar in classical sources; 559–556), was a general who undertook a campaign in 557 into the “rough” Cilician land, which may have been under the control of the Medes. His land forces were assisted by a fleet. His still-minor son Labashi-Marduk was murdered…

  • Nerik (Hittite deity)

    Anatolian religion: The pantheon: …weather god of another city, Nerik, was regarded as the son of this supreme pair, and they had daughters named Mezzulla and Hulla and a granddaughter, Zintuhi. Telipinu was another son of the weather god and had similar attributes. He was a central figure in the Hittite myths.

  • Nerillida (polychaete order)

    annelid: Annotated classification: …separate orders by some (Nerillida, Dinophilida, Polygordiida, Protodrilida); genera include Dinophilus and Polygordius. Order Myzostomida Body disk-shaped or oval without external segmentation; external or internal commensals or

  • Nerina, Nadia (South African dancer)

    Nadia Nerina was a South African prima ballerina renowned for her remarkable versatility of roles. After touring South Africa in 1942, she went to England in 1945, where she studied under Dame Marie Rambert. Nerina became prima ballerina of the Royal Ballet in 1951, excelling in both classical,

  • Nerine (plant)

    Amaryllidaceae: …tulip, or blood lily (Haemanthus), Cornish lily (Nerine), and Hippeastrum; the hippeastrums, grown for their large, showy flowers, are commonly known as amaryllis. An ornamental Eurasian plant known as winter daffodil (Sternbergia lutea) is often cultivated in borders or rock gardens. Natal lily, or Kaffir lily (Clivia miniata), a South…

  • Neritacea (gastropod superfamily)

    gastropod: Classification: Superfamily Neritacea Small, generally intertidal marine shells (Neritidae), with some freshwater dwellers, particularly in Indonesia and the Philippines (Neritidae), and 2 groups of land dwellers: 1 sparsely distributed in the Old World (Hydrocenidae) and 1 widely distributed in both Old and New World tropics (Helicinidae).

  • neritic ecosystem (oceanography)

    marine ecosystem: Migrations of marine organisms: In coastal waters many larger invertebrates (e.g., mysids, amphipods, and polychaete worms) leave the cover of algae and sediments to migrate into the water column at night. It is thought that these animals disperse to different habitats or find mates by swimming when visual predators find…

  • neritic province (oceanography)

    neritic zone, shallow marine environment extending from mean low water down to 200-metre (660-foot) depths, generally corresponding to the continental shelf. Neritic waters are penetrated by varying amounts of sunlight, which permits photosynthesis by both planktonic and bottom-dwelling organisms.

  • neritic zone (oceanography)

    neritic zone, shallow marine environment extending from mean low water down to 200-metre (660-foot) depths, generally corresponding to the continental shelf. Neritic waters are penetrated by varying amounts of sunlight, which permits photosynthesis by both planktonic and bottom-dwelling organisms.

  • Neritidae (gastropod family)

    gastropod: Classification: …generally intertidal marine shells (Neritidae), with some freshwater dwellers, particularly in Indonesia and the Philippines (Neritidae), and 2 groups of land dwellers: 1 sparsely distributed in the Old World (Hydrocenidae) and 1 widely distributed in both Old and New World tropics (Helicinidae). Order Monotocardia Heart with 1 auricle;

  • Nerium (plant genus)

    oleander, any of the ornamental evergreen shrubs of the genus Nerium, belonging to the dogbane family (Apocynaceae) and having a poisonous milky juice. The best known is the common oleander (N. oleander), often called rosebay. A native of the Mediterranean region, this plant is characterized by its

  • Nerium oleander (plant)

    oleander: The best known is the common oleander (N. oleander), often called rosebay. A native of the Mediterranean region, this plant is characterized by its tall shrubby habit and its thick lance-shaped opposite leaves. The flowers are borne in terminal clusters and are of a rose colour, rarely white or yellow.…

  • Nermernuh (people)

    Comanche, Indigenous North American group of equestrian nomads whose 18th- and 19th-century territory comprised the southern Great Plains. The name Comanche is derived from a Ute word meaning “anyone who wants to fight me all the time.” The Comanche had previously been part of the Wyoming Shoshone.

  • Nernst equation (chemistry)

    electrochemical reaction: The Nernst equation: For a particular value of E the two partial current densities must become equal. This value of potential is the reversible electrode potential. From equation (1) one can deduce equation (2):

  • Nernst lamp (electrical device)

    Walther Nernst: Early research: The Nernst lamp was manufactured for several years by Allgemeine Elektrizitätsgesellschaft (AEG) in Berlin, and thousands of Nernst lamps decorated a specially constructed German pavilion at the 1900 Paris International Exhibition. Nernst’s work on a number of similar dielectric bulbs and his research on metal filaments…

  • Nernst potential (biology)

    nervous system: Ions: …difference is then called the equilibrium potential. (It is also called the Nernst potential, after Walther Nernst, a German physical chemist who, in the late 19th century, developed equations for calculating the electrical potential at which there is no longer a net flux of a specific ion across a membrane.)

  • Nernst, Walther (German chemist)

    Walther Nernst was a German scientist who was one of the founders of modern physical chemistry. His theoretical and experimental work in chemistry, including his formulation of the heat theorem, known as the third law of thermodynamics, gained him the 1920 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Nernst was

  • Nernst, Walther Hermann (German chemist)

    Walther Nernst was a German scientist who was one of the founders of modern physical chemistry. His theoretical and experimental work in chemistry, including his formulation of the heat theorem, known as the third law of thermodynamics, gained him the 1920 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Nernst was

  • Nero (Roman emperor)

    Nero was the fifth Roman emperor (54–68 ce), stepson and heir of the emperor Claudius. He became infamous for his personal debaucheries and extravagances and, on doubtful evidence, for his burning of Rome and persecutions of Christians. Nero’s father, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, died about 40 ce,

  • Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Roman emperor)

    Nero was the fifth Roman emperor (54–68 ce), stepson and heir of the emperor Claudius. He became infamous for his personal debaucheries and extravagances and, on doubtful evidence, for his burning of Rome and persecutions of Christians. Nero’s father, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, died about 40 ce,

  • Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus (Roman emperor)

    Nero was the fifth Roman emperor (54–68 ce), stepson and heir of the emperor Claudius. He became infamous for his personal debaucheries and extravagances and, on doubtful evidence, for his burning of Rome and persecutions of Christians. Nero’s father, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, died about 40 ce,

  • Nero Claudius Drusus (Roman commander [38 bc–9 bc])

    Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus was the younger brother of Tiberius (who later became emperor) and commander of the Roman forces that occupied the German territory between the Rhine and Elbe rivers from 12 to 9 bc. Drusus was born shortly after the divorce of his mother, Livia Drusilla, from

  • Nero Deep (trench, Pacific Ocean)

    Mariana Trench: In 1899 Nero Deep (31,693 feet [9,660 metres]) was discovered southeast of Guam. That sounding was not exceeded until a 32,197-foot (9,813-metre) hole was found in the vicinity 30 years later. In 1957, during the International Geophysical Year, the Soviet research ship Vityaz sounded a new world…

  • Nero, Gaius Claudius (Roman military commander)

    Gaius Claudius Nero, Roman military commander during the latter half of the Second Punic War (218–201 bce). He was elected co-consul in 207 bce and later that year engineered a Roman victory at the Battle of the Metaurus (Metauro) in northeastern Italy. The battle marked a turning point in the war

  • Nero, Tiberius Claudius (Roman high priest and magistrate)

    Tiberius: Background and youth: Tiberius’s father, also named Tiberius Claudius Nero, a high priest and magistrate, was a former fleet captain for Julius Caesar. His mother, the beautiful Livia Drusilla, was her husband’s cousin and may have been only 13 years old when Tiberius was born. In the civil wars following the assassination…

  • Nerodia (reptile genus)

    water snake: …the most abundant genus is Nerodia, which is made up of 11 species that range from southern Canada south through the eastern United States and eastern Mexico. The northern water snake (N. sipedon), the most common species, inhabits the eastern half of the United States, southern Ontario, and southern Quebec.…

  • Nerodia clarkii (reptile)

    water snake: The salt marsh snake (N. clarkii) lives in the brackish water habitats of the southeastern United States, and adults typically grow to 0.3–0.7 metre (1–2 feet) long. There are three morphologically distinct subspecies: the salt marsh snake (N. clarkii clarkii) of the Gulf Coast region is…

  • Nerodia sipedon (reptile)

    water snake: The northern water snake (N. sipedon), the most common species, inhabits the eastern half of the United States, southern Ontario, and southern Quebec. It is a moderately large snake that can reach lengths of 1 to 1.4 metres (3 to 4.5 feet). The body is coloured…

  • Nerolin II (chemical compound)

    chemical compound: Ethers and epoxides: An aromatic ether known as Nerolin II (2-ethoxynaphthalene) is used in perfumes to impart the scent of orange blossoms. Cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, are commonly used as organic solvents. Although ethers contain two polar carbon-oxygen bonds, they are much less reactive than alcohols or phenols.

  • Nerone (film by Petrolini)

    Ettore Petrolini: Of these, it is Nerone (1930; “Nero”), an anthology of his best-developed characterizations, that best captures Petrolini’s range and engaging personality. In addition, he wrote several books, including an autobiography, Abbasso Petrolini (1922; “Down with Petrolini”), and a collection of miscellaneous writings, Al mio pubblico (1937; “To My Public”),…

  • Nerone (opera by Boito)

    Arrigo Boito: Boito’s second opera, Nerone, occupied him for nearly 50 years; completed after his death by Vincenzo Tommasini and Arturo Toscanini, it was produced in Milan in 1924, but, despite its grand design and spectacle, it lacked the musical character that distinguished Mefistofele.

  • Neronov, Ivan (Russian priest)

    Nikon: …Stefan Vonifatyev, and the priests Ivan Neronov and Avvakum Petrovich (all, like him, natives of the Nizhny Novgorod region). This group of priests strove to revitalize the church by bringing about closer contact with the mass of the faithful, and they also sought to purify religious books and rituals from…

  • nerpa (mammal)

    Baikal seal, (Pusa sibirica), species of small earless seals that inhabits the waters and coastline areas of Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. It also occurs in some of the rivers that feed the lake, such as the Angara River, which serves the city of Irkutsk. The Baikal seal is the only living seal

  • Nerses I the Great, St. (patriarch of Armenia)

    St. Nerses I the Great ; feast day, November 19) was the patriarch of the Armenian church from about 353. A descendant of St. Gregory the Illuminator (240–332), who converted the Armenian king to Christianity and became the first patriarch of Armenia, Nerses was the most important figure in the

  • Nerses IV Shnorhali (patriarch of Armenia)

    Armenian chant: …12th century the catholicos (patriarch) Nerses IV Shnorhali (“the Gracious”) is credited with musical reforms of the chant. He is said to have simplified the texts of the religious poetry and the melodies of the chant, bringing it closer to the style of Armenian folk music. Nerses also wrote a…

  • Nerthus (ancient Germanic deity)

    Nerthus, ancient Germanic goddess known from a report of her given by the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his Germania (late 1st century ad) refers to her as Terra Mater, or Mother Earth, and says that she was worshiped by seven tribes (among whom were the Angles, who later invaded England). Her

  • Neruda (film by Larrain [2016])

    Gael García Bernal: He then starred in Neruda (2016) as an inspector chasing the Nobel Prize-winning poet Pablo Neruda. García Bernal later lent his voice to the animated film Coco (2017), about a boy who goes on a journey through the Land of the Dead to uncover his family’s long-kept secret. His…

  • Neruda, Jan (Czech poet)

    Czech literature: The 18th and 19th centuries: …the poet and short-story writer Jan Neruda, known for his sardonic sketches in Povídky malostranské (1878; “Tales of Little Quarter”). Other notable figures of the Máj group were the novelist Karolina Světlá and the poet Vítězslav Hálek.

  • Neruda, Pablo (Chilean poet)

    Pablo Neruda was a Chilean poet, diplomat, and politician who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971. He is perhaps the most important Latin American poet of the 20th century. Neruda was the son of José del Carmen Reyes, a railway worker, and Rosa Basoalto. His mother died within a

  • Nerva (Roman emperor)

    Nerva was a Roman emperor from Sept. 18, 96, to January 98, the first of a succession of rulers traditionally known as the Five Good Emperors. A member of a distinguished senatorial family, Nerva was distantly related by marriage to the Julio-Claudian house and had been twice consul (71 ce and 90)

  • Nerva Caesar Augustus (Roman emperor)

    Nerva was a Roman emperor from Sept. 18, 96, to January 98, the first of a succession of rulers traditionally known as the Five Good Emperors. A member of a distinguished senatorial family, Nerva was distantly related by marriage to the Julio-Claudian house and had been twice consul (71 ce and 90)

  • Nerval, Gérard de (French poet)

    Gérard de Nerval was a French Romantic poet whose themes and preoccupations greatly influenced the Symbolists and Surrealists. Nerval’s father, a doctor, was sent to serve with Napoleon’s Rhine army; his mother died when he was two years old, and he grew up in the care of relatives in the

  • nerve (anatomy)

    nerve, in anatomy, a glistening white cordlike bundle of fibres, surrounded by a sheath, that connects the nervous system with other parts of the body. The nerves conduct impulses toward or away from the central nervous mechanism. In humans 12 pairs, the cranial nerves, are attached to the brain,

  • nerve agent (chemical compound)

    nerve gas, Weapon of chemical warfare that affects the transmission of nerve impulses through the nervous system. The organophosphorus nerve agents Tabun, Sarin, and Soman were developed by Germany during World War II but not used. They and a newer agent, VX, were produced in huge quantities by the

  • nerve cell (anatomy)

    neuron, basic cell of the nervous system in vertebrates and most invertebrates from the level of the cnidarians (e.g., corals, jellyfish) upward. A typical neuron has a cell body containing a nucleus and two or more long fibres. Impulses are carried along one or more of these fibres, called

  • nerve conduction studies (medicine)

    nervous system disease: Electromyography: …fibres can be measured with nerve conduction studies (NCS). The muscle is stimulated with a small electrical charge, which generates an impulse. The impulse moves along the nerve fibre and eventually reaches a muscle, which contracts. NCS can localize the site or sites of peripheral nerve disease and may even…

  • nerve deafness (hearing disorder)

    deaf-blindness: Hearing and visual impairment: A sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. A mixed hearing loss is diagnosed when an individual has both a conductive and a sensorineural hearing loss. Cortical deafness is caused by damage to the auditory cortex of the…

  • nerve deafness, congenital (ear disorder)

    ear disease: Congenital nerve deafness: Congenital nerve deafness, a defect of the auditory nerve in the cochlea, may be present at birth or acquired during or soon after birth. Usually both inner ears are affected to a similar degree, and as a rule there is a severe…

  • nerve ending (anatomy)

    automata theory: The finite automata of McCulloch and Pitts: …with its complex of neurons, nerve endings, and synapses (separating gap between neurons) can generate, codify, store, and use information. The “all or none” nature of the threshold of neurons is often referred to in formulating purely logical schemata or in constructing the practical electronic gates of computers. Any physical…

  • nerve fibre (anatomy)

    axon, portion of a nerve cell (neuron) that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. A neuron typically has one axon that connects it with other neurons or with muscle or gland cells. Some axons may be quite long, reaching, for example, from the spinal cord down to a toe. Most axons of

  • nerve gas (chemical compound)

    nerve gas, Weapon of chemical warfare that affects the transmission of nerve impulses through the nervous system. The organophosphorus nerve agents Tabun, Sarin, and Soman were developed by Germany during World War II but not used. They and a newer agent, VX, were produced in huge quantities by the

  • nerve impulse (physiology)

    anesthetic: Local anesthetics: …anesthetics can block conduction of nerve impulses along all types of nerve fibres, including motor nerve fibres that carry impulses from the brain to the periphery. It is a common experience with normal dosages of an anesthetic, however, that, while pain sensation may be lost, motor function is not impaired.…

  • nerve net (anatomy)

    nerve net, primitive nerve arrangement forming the entire nervous system of many cnidarians and a part of more advanced nervous systems. Cytoplasmic processes join the nerve cells (neurons) of nerve nets. In cnidarians the neurons are joined to epithelial receptors and to contractile cells. In

  • nerve plexus (anatomy)

    nervous system: Simple bilateral systems: …give rise to the peripheral nerve plexuses. The submuscular nerve plexus—consisting of sensory cells, ganglion cells, and their processes—is situated in the loose tissue (mesenchyme) below the subepidermal musculature. Another subepidermal plexus is located at the bases of the epithelial cells above the muscular layer.

  • nerve terminal (anatomy)

    automata theory: The finite automata of McCulloch and Pitts: …with its complex of neurons, nerve endings, and synapses (separating gap between neurons) can generate, codify, store, and use information. The “all or none” nature of the threshold of neurons is often referred to in formulating purely logical schemata or in constructing the practical electronic gates of computers. Any physical…

  • nerve tissue (anatomy)

    human body: Organization of the body: Bone and blood are considered specialized connective tissues, in which the…

  • nerve-growth factor (biochemistry)

    growth: Internal factors: A protein called nerve-growth factor is important for the growth of some parts of the mammalian nervous system. If too much of the nerve-growth factor is present, growth of sympathetic nerve fibres is extensive and aberrant. If the nerve-growth factor is eliminated from the body—by injection of an…

  • Nervi, Pier Luigi (Italian engineer and architect)

    Pier Luigi Nervi was an Italian engineer and architect, internationally renowned for his technical ingenuity and dramatic sense of design, especially as applied to large-span structures built of reinforced concrete. His important works include a prefabricated 309-foot-span arch for the Turin

  • Nervii (people)

    history of the Low Countries: The Roman period: …the Menapii; in Artois, the Nervii; between the Schelde and the Rhine, the Eburones and the Aduatuci; and, in what is now Luxembourg, the Treveri. North of the Rhine, the Frisii (Frisians) were the principal inhabitants, although the arrival of the Romans brought about a number of movements: the Batavi…

  • Nervo, Amado (Mexican author)

    Amado Nervo was a poet and diplomat, generally considered the most distinguished Mexican poet of the late 19th- and early 20th-century literary movement known as Modernismo. Nervo’s introspective poetry, characterized by deep religious feeling and simple forms, reflects his struggle for

  • Nervo, Juan Crisóstomo Ruiz de (Mexican author)

    Amado Nervo was a poet and diplomat, generally considered the most distinguished Mexican poet of the late 19th- and early 20th-century literary movement known as Modernismo. Nervo’s introspective poetry, characterized by deep religious feeling and simple forms, reflects his struggle for

  • Nervous Conditions (novel by Dangarembga)

    African literature: English: Tsitsi Dangarembga wrote Nervous Conditions (1988), a story of two Shona girls, Tambudzai and Nyasha, both attempting to find their place in contemporary Zimbabwe. Nyasha has been abroad and wonders about the effect that Westernization has had on her and her family, while Tambudzai is longing to break…

  • nervous regulation (biology)

    nervous system: Stimulus-response coordination: …another integrative system called the nervous system. A nervous system can be defined as an organized group of cells, called neurons, specialized for the conduction of an impulse—an excited state—from a sensory receptor through a nerve network to an effector, the site at which the response occurs.

  • nervous system (anatomy)

    nervous system, organized group of cells specialized for the conduction of electrochemical stimuli from sensory receptors through a network to the site at which a response occurs. All living organisms are able to detect changes within themselves and in their environments. Changes in the external