New England Patriots, American professional football team based in Foxborough, Massachusetts, that plays in the NFL. The Patriots have won six Super Bowl titles (2002, 2004, 2005, 2015, 2017, and 2019) and 11 American Football Conference (AFC) championships. (Read Walter Camp’s 1903 Britannica

quilting: The quilt revival: …American Textile History Museum and New England Quilt Museum, both in Lowell, Massachusetts; the Museum of the American Quilter, Paducah, Kentucky; the International Quilt Study Center, Lincoln, Nebraska; the Rocky Mountain Quilt Museum, Golden, Colorado; the San Jose Museum of Quilts and Textiles, San Jose, California; and the Latimer Quilt…

New England Range, section of the Eastern Highlands, or Great Dividing Range, northeastern New South Wales, Australia. The range extends 200 mi (320 km) north from the Moonbi Range (near Tamworth) to the Queensland border and 80 mi from east to west (10–50 mi inland from the coast). It is

American Renaissance, period from the 1830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War (1861–65) in which American literature, in the wake of the Romantic movement, came of age as an expression of a national spirit. The literary scene of the period was dominated by a group of New England

Robert Kraft: …his family also founded the New England Revolution, which played in the Major League Soccer league. The Revolution used the same stadiums as the Patriots but were less successful on the field.

Three Places in New England, composition for orchestra by American composer Charles Ives, completed and much revised in the first decades of the 20th century and published in its best-known version in 1935. Its three movements portray scenes from the composer’s native New England and feature much

New England Range, section of the Eastern Highlands, or Great Dividing Range, northeastern New South Wales, Australia. The range extends 200 mi (320 km) north from the Moonbi Range (near Tamworth) to the Queensland border and 80 mi from east to west (10–50 mi inland from the coast). It is

Jonathan Edwards: Influence: …“Hopkinsianism” and later the “New England Theology.” These men and their successors, in their effort to defend Calvinism against Arminians, Unitarians (those who denied the doctrine of the Trinity), and “infidels,” made important modifications in some of its doctrines and thus prepared the way for later 19th-century evangelical liberalism.

Transcendentalism, 19th-century movement of writers and philosophers in New England who were loosely bound together by adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, the innate goodness of humanity, and the supremacy of insight over logic and

North America: The Appalachians: …rise above the 1,100 foot-high New England Upland. Pleistocene glaciation deepened and straightened the valleys, strewing their sides and parts of the coast with debris. Portions of sea-buried end moraines, which mark the limit of the tonguing glaciers, form offshore banks and islands east and south of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia,…

Carolina Hurricanes, American professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina. The Hurricanes play in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL) and won the Stanley Cup in 2006. Founded in 1972 as the New England Whalers and based in Hartford, Connecticut, the

Billy Bragg: …and yielded the hit “A New England” in 1984. A committed socialist, Bragg played a number of benefit performances during the British miners’ strike of 1984–85. (He later helped form Red Wedge, an organization and tour that supported the Labour Party.)

Council for New England, in British American colonial history, joint stock company organized in 1620 by a charter from the British crown with authority to colonize and govern the area now known as New England. Drawing from landed gentry rather than merchants, the company was dominated by its

United States: The middle colonies: …of the ill-fated Dominion of New England. In 1691 Jacob Leisler, a German merchant living on Long Island, led a successful revolt against the rule of the deputy governor, Francis Nicholson. Leisler’s Rebellion, which was a product of dissatisfaction with a small aristocratic ruling elite and a more general dislike…

Biddeford: The University of New England (founded 1939) now incorporates Maine’s only medical school, the New England College of Osteopathic Medicine. Biddeford Pool, Fortunes Rocks, and Hills Beach are nearby resorts. Inc. town, 1718; city, 1855. Pop. (2000) 20,942; Portland–South Portland–Biddeford Metro Area, 487,568; (2010) 21,277; Portland–South…

biblical literature: The New English Bible: The idea of a completely new translation into British English was first broached in 1946. Under a joint committee representing the major Protestant churches of the British Isles, with Roman Catholics appointed as observers, the New Testament was published in 1961, and…

Thomas Morton: …an account of the colonies, New English Canaan (1637). Divided into three volumes, the work illustrated Indigenous culture and New England’s flora and fauna, and it provided history and criticism of Puritanism in which Morton described the settlers as religious fanatics who treated Native Americans with cruelty. Plymouth’s governor, William…

A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, (NED), the title of the original edition (1884–1928) of The Oxford English Dictionary (q.v.), which was the revised and corrected edition published in 1933. (Read H.L. Mencken’s 1926 Britannica essay on American

charity fraud: Charities as victims: …the mid-1990s case of the Foundation for New Era Philanthropy. It lured investment from charitable organizations by promising a double return on the initial investment. The chief executive of New Era Philanthropy claimed that the returns would come from philanthropists who were seeking organizations for charitable donations, though in truth…

empiricism: Modern philosophy: …l’entendement humain (1704, published 1765; New Essays Concerning Human Understanding), arguing that ideas can be virtually innate in a less trivial sense than Locke allowed. Interpreting Locke’s notion of reflection as reasoning rather than as introspection, Leibniz supposed that Locke was more of a rationalist than he really was.

study of religion: Empiricism and pragmatism: …the publication, in 1955, of New Essays in Philosophical Theology, edited by the English philosophers Antony Flew and Alasdair MacIntyre. Though Wittgenstein stressed the idea of “forms of life,” according to which the meaning of religious beliefs would have to be given a practical and living contextualization, little has been…

eugenics: The new eugenics: Despite the dropping of the term eugenics, eugenic ideas remained prevalent in many issues surrounding human reproduction. Medical genetics, a post-World War II medical specialty, encompasses a wide range of health concerns, from genetic screening and counseling to fetal gene manipulation and the…

Robert Boyle: Scientific career: …in Boyle’s first scientific publication, New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air and Its Effects (1660). Boyle and Hooke discovered several physical characteristics of air, including its role in combustion, respiration, and the transmission of sound. One of their findings, published in 1662, later became known as “Boyle’s…

Stardust/NExT, a U.S. space probe that captured and returned dust grains from interplanetary space and from a comet. Stardust was launched on February 7, 1999. It flew past the asteroid Annefrank on November 2, 2002, and the comet Wild 2 on January 2, 2004. A sample capsule containing the dust

Fabianism: …Fabianism was revived with the New Fabian Research Bureau (NFRB), formed by Cole independently of the society in 1931. The NFRB included a number of social-democratic intellectuals, such as Leonard Woolf, William Robson, Hugh Dalton, and Evan Durbin. Laski was briefly involved in the early 1930s. The bureau amalgamated with…

Shailer Mathews: His autobiography, New Faith for Old (1936), is a significant document for the history of the Social Gospel movement in the United States.

Fantastic Four: After Lee and Kirby: …Fantastic Four’s second animated series, The New Fantastic Four (1978) on the NBC television network. Johnny Storm was replaced in the show by a comical robot named H.E.R.B.I.E., and the program lasted only a single season, owing at least in part to the relatively low quality of its animation. Writer…

New Fire Ceremony, in Aztec religion, ritual celebrated every 52 years when the 260-day ritual and 365-day civil calendars returned to the same positions relative to each other. In preparation, all sacred and domestic fires were allowed to burn out. At the climax of the ceremony, priests ignited a

Belgium: Federalized Belgium: …south remained, however, and the New Flemish Alliance polled strongly in local elections in Flanders in October 2012, with party leader Bart De Wever becoming mayor of Antwerp. In July 2013 Albert II, who had represented a significant unifying force throughout his reign, abdicated in favour of his son Philippe.

Baburam Bhattarai: …founded a new leftist party, Naya Shakti Nepal (New Force Nepal). In 2019 he oversaw the party’s merger with the Federal Socialist Forum Nepal, resulting in the formation of the Samajbadi (Socialist) Party Nepal.

Romsey: …on the edge of the New Forest (historically one of the great royal hunting grounds of England), and east of the church there is a hunting lodge that was used by King John in 1210 and is now a museum. Near Romsey is Broadlands estate, which once belonged to the…

New Forest, district, administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England. It consists of the land encompassed by New Forest National Park (established 2005) and its urbanized coastal fringe flanking Southampton Water and The Solent, together with rural areas around Ringwood and Fordingbridge

Dana Gioia: …poet, he was associated with New Formalism—a shift in American poetry, beginning in the 1980s, from free verse to traditional forms.

China: Phase two: stalemate and stagnation: …resistance, the government permitted the New Fourth Army to be created from remnants of communist troops left in Jiangxi and Fujian at the time of the Long March. Commanded by Gen. Ye Ting—with Xiang Ying, a communist, as chief of staff—this force of 12,000 officers and soldiers operated behind Japanese…

China: Renewed communist-Nationalist conflict: …most violent expression in the New Fourth Army Incident of January 1941.

New France, (1534–1763), the French colonies of continental North America, initially embracing the shores of the St. Lawrence River, Newfoundland, and Acadia (Nova Scotia) but gradually expanding to include much of the Great Lakes region and parts of the trans-Appalachian West. The name Gallia Nova

Canada: The Company of New France: The French government supplied more active support after the remarkable revival of royal power carried out in the 1620s by Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu. Richelieu sought to make French colonial policy comparable to that of England and…

New Freedom, in U.S. history, political ideology of Woodrow Wilson, enunciated during his successful 1912 presidential campaign, pledging to restore unfettered opportunity for individual action and to employ the power of government in behalf of social justice for all. Supported by a Democratic

Frisian literature: …a movement known as “New Frisian Literature,” and they went on to write an amusing collection of Romantic prose and poetry, Rimen en Teltsjes (1871; “Rhymes and Tales”), that stimulated the rise of a rich folk literature in the second half of the 19th century. Their contemporary, the philologist…

New Frontier, political slogan used by U.S. Pres. John F. Kennedy to describe his concept of the challenges facing the United States in the 1960s. The term was most prominently used by Kennedy in the speech with which he accepted the nomination as presidential candidate of the Democratic Party for

Democratic Socialist Party: …the government, it joined the New Frontier Party (Shinshintō), a coalition of moderate political parties that disbanded in 1997. Many former members subsequently threw their support to the Democratic Party of Japan, which had been established in 1996 and became the leading opposition party.

DC Comics: Corporate history: …following year the company published New Fun—the first comic book to feature entirely new material rather than reprints of newspaper strips. In need of cash, Wheeler-Nicholson partnered with magazine distributors Harry Donenfeld and Jack Liebowitz and founded Detective Comics, Inc., in 1937. Wheeler-Nicholson was unable to repay his debts to…

Jerusalem: Architecture: …gates in the wall: the New, Damascus, and Herod’s gates to the north, the St. Stephen’s (or Lion’s) Gate to the east, the Dung and Zion gates to the south, and the Jaffa Gate to the west. An eighth gate, the Golden Gate, to the east, remains sealed, however, for…

NGC catalog, basic reference list of star clusters, nebulas, and galaxies. It was compiled in 1888 by Danish astronomer Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, who based his work on earlier lists made by the Herschel family of British astronomers. Dreyer included 7,840 celestial objects, a total raised to 13,226

NGC catalog, basic reference list of star clusters, nebulas, and galaxies. It was compiled in 1888 by Danish astronomer Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, who based his work on earlier lists made by the Herschel family of British astronomers. Dreyer included 7,840 celestial objects, a total raised to 13,226

New Georgia Islands: …to 5,800 feet (1,768 metres); New Georgia, the largest of the group; and Vangunu. Ghizo is the smallest of the New Georgia Islands and the site of the town of Gizo. The island group has an area of 1,954 square miles (5,061 square km). The islands are picturesque, surrounded by…

New Georgia Islands, volcanic island group in the country of Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 90 miles (145 km) northwest of Guadalcanal. The four main islands of the group (northwest to southeast) are Vella Lavella; Kolombangara, largely consisting of a cone-shaped solfataric volcano

Germany: Film of Germany: …das neue Kino, or the New German Cinema. Relying on state subsidy to subsist, the members of the movement sought to examine Germany’s unbewältige Vergangenheit, or “unassimilated past.” The New German Cinema had little commercial success outside of Germany, but it still was internationally influential. The critical acclaim afforded directors…

Megan Fox: …role on the TV series New Girl, playing Reagan (the latest “new girl”), a pharmaceutical sales representative. She later hosted Legends of the Lost with Megan Fox (2018), a television miniseries that explored popular ancient sites. Fox’s movie credits from 2019 included Zeroville, a mystery dramedy that was directed by…

R.L. Stine: …for young teens began with The New Girl (1989), and the Goosebumps series for age 8 to 11 was launched with Welcome to Dead House (1992); the latter series inspired the television program Goosebumps (1995–98). The unpredictability, plot twists, and cliff-hanger endings of his horror writing relied on surprise, avoided…

New Glarus, village, Green county, southern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on a branch of the Sugar River, about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Madison. Founded in 1845 by some 100 immigrants from the canton of Glarus in Switzerland who were fleeing an economic crisis in their homeland, it was organized on

Panaji, town, capital of Goa state, western India. It lies on the estuary of the Mandavi River at the river’s mouth on the Arabian Sea. Panaji was a tiny village until the mid-18th century, when repeated plagues forced Goa’s Portuguese colonizers to abandon their capital of Velha Goa (Old Goa, or

governance: The new governance: The interest in governance derives in large part from reforms of the public sector that began in the 1980s, and new governance refers to the apparent spread of markets and networks following upon these reforms. It points to the varied ways in which…

Bidlack Treaty, (Dec. 12, 1846), pact signed by New Granada (now Colombia and Panama) and the United States, which granted the U.S. a right-of-way across the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for a U.S. guarantee of neutrality for the isthmus and the sovereignty of New Granada thereafter. The treaty

Viceroyalty of New Granada, in colonial Latin America, a Spanish viceroyalty—first established in 1717, suppressed in 1723, and reestablished in 1739—that included present-day Colombia, Panama (after 1751), Ecuador, and Venezuela and had its capital at Santa Fé (present-day Bogotá). The separation

Franz Liszt: Youth and early training: …also visiting Manchester, where his New Grand Overture was performed for the first time. This piece was used as the overture to his one-act opera Don Sanche, which was performed at the Paris Opéra on October 17, 1825. In 1826 he toured France and Switzerland, returning to England again in…

Albert Ayler: …Force of the Universe and New Grass (both 1969). On November 25, 1970, about 20 days after he disappeared, his body was found in the East River in New York City.

Béla Fleck: Solo debut and success: …joining the progressive bluegrass group New Grass Revival (NGR), with which he performed and recorded throughout the 1980s. While with NGR he also produced a number of solo albums, including the highly acclaimed Drive (1988). Following the release of NGR’s final album, Friday Night in America (1989), Fleck recorded The…

New Grub Street, realistic novel by George Gissing, published in three volumes in 1891. It portrays the intrigues and the crippling effects of poverty in the literary world. New Grub Street contrasts the career of Edwin Reardon, a gifted but impoverished author of proven literary merit, with that

New South Wales: Federation of New South Wales: …to a semi-militaristic movement, the New Guard. Tensions mounted, and on March 19, 1932, F.E. De Groot, a member of the New Guard, cut the ribbon opening the Sydney Harbour Bridge before Lang was able to do so. This was a highly symbolic gesture that was caught on newsreels and…

New Guinea, island of the eastern Malay Archipelago, in the western Pacific Ocean, north of Australia. It is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the north, the Bismarck and Solomon seas to the east, the Coral Sea and Torres Strait to the south, and the Arafura Sea to the southwest. New Guinea is

eagle: The New Guinea harpy eagle (Harpyopsis novaeguineae) is about 75 cm (30 inches) long. It is gray-brown and has a long tail and a short but full crest. Very similar in appearance and habits is the Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi). It is about 90 cm (35…

native cat: …generally smaller, as is the New Guinea native cat (D. albopunctatus), which occupies a variety of habitats on its native island. The largest species, the spotted-tailed native cat (D. maculatus, also called the tiger cat), has a length of 75 to 130 cm, including its 35- to 55-cm tail. This…

Tok Pisin, pidgin spoken in Papua New Guinea, hence its identification in some earlier works as New Guinea Pidgin. It was also once called Neo-Melanesian, apparently according to the hypothesis that all English-based Melanesian pidgins developed from the same proto-pidgin. It is one of the three

pitted shell turtle, (species Carettochelys insculpta), any member of a single species in the turtle family Carettochelyidae. The species lives in rivers in southern New Guinea and in a limited region in northern Australia. A combination of characteristics separates C. insculpta from other turtles,

physical culture: Women and athletics: His “New Gymnastics” also employed poles to loosen stiff joints, wooden dumbbells for flexibility, Indian clubs for limb coordination, and the cast-iron crown to develop neck and back muscles. Underlying Lewis’s system was an ideological agenda for women’s rights. Colleges such as Smith, Mount Holyoke, and…

pottery: Porcelain: …that established a factory at New Hall, Staffordshire, in 1782 and made a humble variety of wares for about 40 years.

New Hampshire, constituent state of the United States of America. One of the 13 original U.S. states, it is located in New England at the extreme northeastern corner of the country. It is bounded to the north by the Canadian province of Quebec, to the east by Maine and a 16-mile (25-km) stretch of

poultry farming: Chickens: …Rhode Island Red, and the New Hampshire, all of which are dual-purpose breeds that are good for both eggs and meat. The Asiatic Brahma, thought to have originated in the United States from birds imported from China, is popular for both its meat and its large brown eggs.

Robert Frost: Move to Franconia, teaching career, and Pulitzer Prizes: …reputation was further enhanced by New Hampshire (1923), which received the Pulitzer Prize for poetry. That prize was also awarded to Frost’s Collected Poems (1930) and to the collections A Further Range (1936) and A Witness Tree (1942). His other poetry volumes include West-Running Brook (1928), Steeple Bush (1947), and…

University of New Hampshire, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Durham, New Hampshire, U.S. The university has land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant status. It anchors the University System of New Hampshire, which includes the University of New Hampshire at Manchester,

New Hampshire Grants, in the period before the American Revolution, the territory that subsequently became the state of Vermont. The area was initially claimed by New Hampshire, and the first land grant there was issued in 1749 by the first governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth. By 1764, 131

United States presidential election of 1972: The Democratic campaign: …offices of the conservative Manchester Union Leader, the state’s largest newspaper, Muskie launched an attack on the paper’s publisher, William Loeb. As he spoke of Loeb’s unflattering remarks about Mrs. Muskie, the senator’s voice cracked, and the crowd saw tears form in his eyes. The spectacle badly dented the image…

New Hampshire v. Louisiana, (108 U.S. 76 [1883]), U.S. Supreme Court case (combined with New York v. Louisiana) concerning an attempt by the states of New Hampshire and New York to force Louisiana to pay interest on state bonds owned by citizens of the plaintiff states and assigned to those states

U.S. state flag consisting of a dark blue field (background) with the state seal in the centre.The seal of New Hampshire was adopted in 1784 following the Revolutionary War. On December 28, 1792, a regulation was adopted by the legislature that required regiments in the state militia to carry the

University of New Hampshire, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Durham, New Hampshire, U.S. The university has land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant status. It anchors the University System of New Hampshire, which includes the University of New Hampshire at Manchester,

Diane di Prima: Her collections of poetry include The New Handbook of Heaven (1963), Poems for Freddie (1966; later published as Freddie Poems [1974]), Earthsong: Poems 1957–59 (1968), The Book of Hours (1970), Loba, Parts 1–8 (1978), Pieces of a Song (1990), and

New Harmony, town, Posey county, southwestern Indiana, U.S. It is located on the Wabash River at the Illinois border, 28 miles (45 km) northwest of Evansville. The site was first occupied by prehistoric mound builders and later was a camping ground for Piankashaw and other Indians. The settlement

New Haven, county, south-central Connecticut, U.S. It is bordered to the south by Long Island Sound, to the southwest by the Housatonic River, and to the southeast by the Hammonasset River. The county’s terrain consists of rolling plateaus and river valleys to the north and coastal lowlands to the

New Haven, city, coextensive with the town (township) of New Haven, New Haven county, south-central Connecticut, U.S. It is a port on Long Island Sound at the Quinnipiac River mouth. Originally settled as Quinnipiac in 1638 by a company of English Puritans led by John Davenport and Theophilus

Oliver Fisher Winchester: … and ammunition who made the Winchester Repeating Arms Company a worldwide success by the shrewd purchase and improvement of the patented designs of other arms designers.

New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, American railroad operating in southern New England and New York. It was absorbed by the Penn Central Transportation Company in 1969. It was built up from about 125 small railroads, the earliest of which began operation in 1834 as the Hartford and

Southern Connecticut State University, public, coeducational institution of higher education in New Haven, Conn., U.S. It is one of four institutions in the Connecticut State University system; the others are located in New Britain (Central Connecticut State), Willimantic (Eastern Connecticut

Southern Connecticut State University, public, coeducational institution of higher education in New Haven, Conn., U.S. It is one of four institutions in the Connecticut State University system; the others are located in New Britain (Central Connecticut State), Willimantic (Eastern Connecticut

Vanuatu, country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, consisting of a chain of 13 principal and many smaller islands located about 500 miles (800 km) west of Fiji and 1,100 miles (1,770 km) east of Australia. The islands extend north-south for some 400 miles (650 km) in an irregular Y shape. The

New Hebrides Trench, submarine trench in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, on the periphery of the Coral Sea, between the islands of Vanuatu and New Caledonia. It reaches maximum depths of some 25,000 feet (7,600 metres) or more, the deepest soundings in the whole Coral Sea region. The trench is

William Turner: Turner’s best-known work, A New Herball (in three parts; 1551–68), demonstrated his medical bias. He chose to write in English, the vernacular language, so that practical botanical and medical knowledge would be widely available to medical practitioners and apothecaries. Turner’s works were used extensively by later botanists such…

West Germanic languages: History: …feature is known as the New High German diphthongization. By the 15th century these new diphthongs had spread to East Middle German, and in the standard language they merged with the old diphthongs ei, ou, and öü. Examples include Middle High German mîn ‘my,’ hûs ‘house,’ and hiuser ‘houses’ with…

biblical literature: Literary criticism: …a contrasting approach, known as New Historicism, which treats texts as historical artifacts that emerge among particular social, intellectual, and economic circumstances. Since the late 20th century, similar perspectives have drawn upon postmodern theoretical movements—e.g., feminism, deconstruction, and postcolonial studies. What New Historicism and related movements have in common is…

Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle: …Cavalcaselle published their great work, A New History of Italian Painting, which was followed by A History of Painting in North Italy (1871). Their other joint works were Titian (1877) and Raphael (1882–85). Cavalcaselle’s sketchbooks and notes, preserved in the Marciana Library in Venice, are evidence of his method and…

Zulfikar Ghose: …into the Bogart Script (1981), A New History of Torments (1982), Don Bueno (1983), Figures of Enchantment (1986), The Triple Mirror of the Self (1992), and Shakespeare’s Mortal Knowledge: A Reading of the Tragedies (1993).

James Harvey Robinson: …of the founders of the “new history” that greatly broadened the scope of historical scholarship in relation to the social sciences.

New Hollywood, American film movement that took place roughly from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s. The movement marked a shift both in how movies were made and in the subjects and themes depicted onscreen. In terms of production, New Hollywood films represent a decisive rejection of the old

New Hope, borough (town) and artists’ colony, Bucks county, southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies in a scenic wooded region along the west bank of the Delaware River (there bridged to Lambertville, New Jersey), 33 miles (53 km) north-northeast of Philadelphia. The site, originally called Wells

New Horizons, U.S. space probe that flew by the dwarf planet Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, in July 2015. It was the first space probe to visit Pluto. New Horizons was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on January 19, 2006, and flew past Jupiter on February 28, 2007, for a gravitational

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson: …1918 the hospital was renamed Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital in her honour.

Xiang language: …major varieties of Xiang are New Xiang and Old Xiang. New Xiang, which is spoken predominantly around Changsha, the capital of Hunan, has been strongly influenced by Mandarin Chinese. Old Xiang, which is spoken in other areas of the province, including Shuangfeng, is similar in several respects to the Wu…

New Humanism, critical movement in the United States between 1910 and 1930, based on the literary and social theories of the English poet and critic Matthew Arnold, who sought to recapture the moral quality of past civilizations—the best that has been thought and said—in an age of

New Iberia, city, seat (1868) of Iberia parish, southern Louisiana, U.S., on Bayou Teche (connected via canal with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway), 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Lafayette. Founded in the late 18th century by French, Spanish, and Acadian settlers, it was laid out in 1835. It was

Sir Charles Bell: …was a Scottish anatomist whose New Idea of Anatomy of the Brain (1811) has been called the “Magna Carta of neurology.” A graduate of the University of Edinburgh, Bell went to London (1804), where he held surgical and teaching posts. In 1829 he received a medal from the Royal Society;…