New Windsor, town (township), Orange county, southeastern New York, U.S., on the Hudson River, immediately south of Newburgh. The old village, New Windsor Center (named for Windsor, England), was laid out in 1749, and the town was established in 1763. The town also includes the hamlets of Vails

Windsor, town and urban area (from 2011 built-up area), Windsor and Maidenhead unitary authority, historic county of Berkshire, southeastern England. Windsor is situated on the south bank of the River Thames opposite Eton and lies to the west of London. The modern town is dominated by Windsor

New Windsor, town (township), Orange county, southeastern New York, U.S., on the Hudson River, immediately south of Newburgh. The old village, New Windsor Center (named for Windsor, England), was laid out in 1749, and the town was established in 1763. The town also includes the hamlets of Vails

wool: …in the United States, as virgin wool. The limited world supply results in the use of recovered wools. In the United States, wool recovered from fabric never used by the consumer is called reprocessed wool; wool recovered from material that has had use is called reused wool. Recovered wools, employed…

utopian poetry: …Derek Walcott’s satirical poem “New World” (1976), which offers a mordant view of utopian colonization by parodying the biblical motif of the Garden of Eden.

beaver: American beavers (Castor canadensis) occur throughout forested parts of North America to northern Mexico, including the southwestern United States and northern Florida. Beavers were at the heart of the fur trade during colonial times and contributed significantly to the westward settlement and development of North…

brown snake: TheNew World brown snakes encompass the five species of the genus Storeria. They are found from eastern Canada to Honduras and are mostly less than 30 cm (12 inches) long. They are shy and spend most of their time under rocks, heavy vegetation, and leaf…

deer: New World deer: The New World deer came from a separate radiation that colonized North and South America and Eurasia. Among the grotesque giants that evolved in the Ice Age are the moose (Alces alces), the largest of all deer, standing 2 metres (7 feet)…

tyrant flycatcher, any of about 400 species of aggressive insect-eating New World birds of the family Tyrannidae (order Passeriformes). About one-third of the species are not flycatcher-like in habit and bear names derived from their habitats (e.g., bush tyrant, marsh tyrant) or from their

flying squirrel: Natural history: …seldom leave the trees, but North American flying squirrels (Glaucomys) regularly descend to the ground to forage and bury nuts. Depending upon the species, diets can include seeds, fruit, leaves, flower buds, nuts, fungi, lichens, pollen, ferns, tree

ghost bat: …(see sheath-tailed bat), whereas another New World ghost bat, also known as the Honduran white bat (Ectophylla alba), is a leaf-nosed bat. The Australian ghost bat (see false vampire bat) is a larger, grayish bat of the family Megadermatidae.

harvest mouse: American harvest mice: New World harvest mice belong to the subfamily Sigmodontinae of the mouse family Muridae within the order Rodentia. Their ancestry is seen in the North American geologic record back to the early Pliocene Epoch (5.3 million to 3.6 million years ago). Their closest living relatives…

Amazon River: Animal life: …forest are several species of monkeys. Of note are the howler monkeys, which make the selva resound with their morning and evening choruses. The small, agile squirrel monkey, the most ubiquitous of Amazonia’s monkeys, is used in laboratories, as is the larger spider monkey. Among a host of other primate…

apodiform: Reproduction and life cycle: The New World palm swifts (Tachornis), like those of the Old World, place their nests under palm leaves, but the nest itself is more elaborate, being a sack entered from below through a tubular tunnel. Most other swifts nest either inside a crevice or hole (such…

Roger Corman: New World Pictures: …Corman left AIP and formed New World Pictures, an independent company that produced and distributed the work of such young artists as John Sayles, Martin Scorsese, Joe Dante, Jonathan Demme, and James Cameron. Its first film, The Student Nurses (1970), was shot in three weeks for $150,000 and grossed more…

porcupine: …embedded in clusters, whereas in New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) single quills are interspersed with bristles, underfur, and hair. No porcupine can throw its quills, but they detach easily and will remain embedded in an attacker. Base coloration ranges from grayish brown through dark brown to blackish, but this colouring is…

python: New world pythons: The only native New World python (Loxocemus bicolor) is classified as the sole member of the family Loxocemidae. It is an egg layer found in forests from southern Mexico to Costa Rica. Usually less than 1 metre (3.3 feet) long, it is reported to reach nearly 1.5 metres…

fox: …the Old World and the New World. Several other foxes belong to genera other than Vulpes, including the North American gray fox, five species of South American fox, the Arctic fox (including the blue fox), the bat-eared fox, and the crab-eating fox.

Holarctic region: …the Palaearctic (Old World) and Nearctic (New World) subregions. The vegetational divisions roughly corresponding to this region are the Boreal and Palaeotropical (in part) kingdoms. The animals and plants of the region include a vast array of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Fringillidae, songbird family, order Passeriformes, sometimes collectively termed true finches. The group, whose members can be found on all continents except Antarctica, is made up of approximately 230 species contained within about 50 genera. It includes grosbeaks, euphonias, cardueline finches,

New World Symphony, orchestral work by Bohemian composer Antonín Dvořák, a major milestone in the validation of American—or “New World”—music and lore as source material for classical composition. Written while Dvořák was living and working in New York City, the symphony purportedly incorporated

Michael Tilson Thomas: In 1987 he established the New World Symphony, composed of recent graduates of the best music programs from around the world. In the 21st century the New World Symphony served as an academy and incubator for future leaders in classical music and as a cultural and educational resource for the…

vine snake: … (Asian vine snakes), Oxybelis (New World vine snakes), and Thelotornis (African vine snakes); however, some authorities also place the genera Imantodes and Langaha in this group. African vine snakes, which inhabit sub-Saharan regions, are most diverse in East Africa. The five species of New World vine snakes range from…

vulture: New World vultures: The turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) is the most widespread New World vulture, breeding from Canada southward to the southern tip of South America. Northern populations are migratory. They are small brownish black vultures with red heads as adults (dark gray as juveniles)…

wood warbler, any of the species in the songbird family Parulidae. Wood warblers are New World birds, distinct from the true warblers of the Old World, which represent a taxonomically diverse group. Because most wood warblers are brightly coloured and active, they are known as the “butterflies of

Andrew Motion: …to Treasure Island (2012) and The New World (2014) are sequels to Robert Louis Stevenson’s popular adventure novel, centring on the character Jim Hawkins. In 2006 Motion published a memoir, In the Blood, and in 2008 he released a collection of essays titled Ways of Life: On Places, Painters, and…

Terrence Malick: …years would pass before Malick’s The New World (2005) hit screens. The film, which portrayed the founding of the Jamestown settlement and starred Christian Bale and Colin Farrell, was noted for its historical accuracy. Malick’s next production, The Tree of Life (2011), was an impressionistic essay on humankind’s place in…

Russell Banks: …a collection of stories entitled The New World (1978).

Michael Moorcock: …as editor of the magazine New Worlds, led the New Wave movement in science fiction that expanded the boundaries of the genre.

Louis Johnson: His works include the collections New Worlds for Old (1957), Bread and a Pension (1964), Land like a Lizard (1970), Onion (1972), Coming and Going (1982), Winter Apples (1984), and True Confessions of the Last Cannibal (1986). He edited the prose and poetry volume

John Lehmann: …man of letters whose book-periodical New Writing and its successors were an important influence on English literature from the mid-1930s through the 1940s.

Xiang language: …major varieties of Xiang are New Xiang and Old Xiang. New Xiang, which is spoken predominantly around Changsha, the capital of Hunan, has been strongly influenced by Mandarin Chinese. Old Xiang, which is spoken in other areas of the province, including Shuangfeng, is similar in several respects to the Wu…

Led Zeppelin, British rock band that was extremely popular in the 1970s. Although their musical style was diverse, they came to be well known for their influence on the development of heavy metal. The members were Jimmy Page (b. January 9, 1944, Heston, Middlesex, England), Robert Plant (b. August

New Year festival, any of the social, cultural, and religious observances worldwide that celebrate the beginning of the new year. Such festivals are among the oldest and the most universally observed. The earliest known record of a New Year festival dates from about 2000 bce in Mesopotamia, where

Ṭu bi-Shevaṭ, (Hebrew: “Fifteenth of Shevaṭ”), Jewish festival of the new year of trees, or arbor day. It occurs on Shevaṭ 15 (January or early February), after most of the annual rain in Israel has fallen and when, thereafter, the fruit of a tree is considered, for tithing, to belong to a new

New Year festival, any of the social, cultural, and religious observances worldwide that celebrate the beginning of the new year. Such festivals are among the oldest and the most universally observed. The earliest known record of a New Year festival dates from about 2000 bce in Mesopotamia, where

Halle Berry: …in the ensemble romantic comedy New Year’s Eve, and the following year she starred as a diving instructor vexed by sharks in the thriller Dark Tide. In the elaborately structured epic Cloud Atlas (2012), she performed multiple roles, including those of a 1970s journalist and a male Asian doctor from…

New Year festival, any of the social, cultural, and religious observances worldwide that celebrate the beginning of the new year. Such festivals are among the oldest and the most universally observed. The earliest known record of a New Year festival dates from about 2000 bce in Mesopotamia, where

postal system: Japan: …in Japan is the special New Year’s Mail Service, introduced in 1900. Operating partly for the benefit of charities, this provides for the timely delivery of billions of New Year greetings.

Dick Clark: …as the host of ABC’s New Year’s Rockin’ Eve.

Alexander Scott: …and a ceremonial alliterative poem, “Ane New Yeir Gift to Quene Mary . . . ,” which gives an interesting reflection of early Reformation Scotland.

New York, constituent state of the United States of America, one of the 13 original colonies and states. New York is bounded to the west and north by Lake Erie, the Canadian province of Ontario, Lake Ontario, and the Canadian province of Quebec; to the east by the New England states of Vermont,

New York City, city and port located at the mouth of the Hudson River, southeastern New York state, northeastern U.S. It is the largest and most influential American metropolis, encompassing Manhattan and Staten islands, the western sections of Long Island, and a small portion of the New York state

Yiddish literature: Writers in New York: “New York,” one memorable short poem, opens with a brusque rhythm and montage of images: “Metal. granit. geroysh. gebrazg. gepilder. / oytomobiln. hoykh-ban. tif-ban. kar” (“Metal. Granite. Uproar. Racket. Clatter. / Automobile. Bus. Subway. El” [translated by Benjamin and Barbara Harshav]). Leyeles also brought exotic…

Lou Reed: …concept albums than song cycles: New York (1989), about the spiritual death of his hometown; Songs for Drella (1990), an elegy for his 1960s mentor, Pop art conceptualist Andy Warhol, done in collaboration with former Velvets bandmate John Cale; and Magic and Loss (1991),

Clinton, city, seat (1869) of Clinton county, eastern Iowa, U.S. It lies along the Mississippi River (there bridged to Fulton and East Clinton, Illinois), about 40 miles (65 km) north-northeast of Davenport. The original settler, Joseph M. Bartlett, operated a trading store for Native Americans in

Titanic: Maiden voyage: …the Titanic caused the docked New York to swing into the giant liner’s path. After an hour of maneuverings to prevent the accident, the Titanic was under way. On the evening of April 10 the ship stopped at Cherbourg, France. The city’s dock was too small to accommodate the Titanic,…

At the start of the 1950s, midtown Manhattan was the centre of the American music industry, containing the headquarters of three major labels (RCA, Columbia, and Decca), most of the music publishers, and many recording studios. Publishers were the start of the recording process, employing “song

Continental Airlines, Inc.: …1987 other Texas Air subsidiaries—New York Airlines, Inc. (founded 1980), People Express Airlines (1981), and Presidential Airlines (1985)—were merged into Continental Airlines, significantly increasing the company’s aircraft and routes, but it continued to lose money and continued to be debt-ridden. Bitter conflicts between the airline unions and Texas Air’s…

Damon Runyon: …became a reporter for the New York American. He covered the New York baseball clubs for many years as well as various other sports topics, and along the way he developed his style of focusing on human interest rather than strictly reporting facts. He began writing stories about a racy…

Amsterdam News, one of the most influential and oldest continuously published African American newspapers, based in Harlem in New York City. It predominately treats issues in African American culture, especially events in and issues concerning New York City and environs, from a Black perspective.

athletics: Modern development: …in 1839, but it was the New York Athletic Club, formed in the 1860s, that placed the sport on a solid footing in the United States. The club held the world’s first indoor meet and helped promote the formation in 1879 of the National Association of Amateur Athletes of America…

Lochner v. New York: Background: …York state assembly passed the New York Bakeshop Act (1895). Modeled on the British Bakehouse Regulation Act (1863), the law established minimum sanitation standards, including prohibitions against keeping domestic animals in bakeries and against workers sleeping in the bake room. A key provision was a clause limiting the working hours…

Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, leading U.S. dog show competition, held annually by the New York City-based Westminster Kennel Club (WKC). It is one of the country’s oldest continuously running sporting events, second only to the Kentucky Derby in longevity. The designation Best in Show, awarded

New York Botanical Garden, one of the leading centres of botanical research and floristics in the United States. The 250-acre (101-hectare) garden, located in Bronx Park, New York City, has a plant collection consisting of about 12,000 species from almost every part of the world. Many of the

basketball: U.S. professional basketball: …heralded professional team was the Original Celtics, which started out in 1915 as a group of youngsters from New York City, kept adding better players in the early 1920s, and became so invincible that the team disbanded in 1928, only to regroup in the early 1930s as the New York…

New York Central Railroad Company, one of the major American railroads that connected the East Coast with the interior. Founded in 1853, it was a consolidation of 10 small railroads that paralleled the Erie Canal between Albany and Buffalo; the earliest was the Mohawk and Hudson, New York state’s

Josephine Shaw Lowell: …appointed a commissioner of the New York Charities Commission, a post that she held until 1889. Her investigations there led to the establishment of the first custodial asylum for feebleminded women in the United States in 1885 and to the House of Refuge for Women (later the State Training School…

Josephine Shaw Lowell: …was a founder of the New York Charity Organization Society, a group devoted to the cooperation of charitable agencies. She guided the society for 25 years; during that time she wrote a number of papers on the theoretical foundations of relief work, especially the influential Public Relief and Private Charity…

Lee Friedlander: One of his best-known photographs, New York City (1963; sometimes called Revolving Door), shows a man and a woman walking toward one another through two different revolving doors. Friedlander photographed them from outside a glass door, introducing yet another reflective surface and set of frames. The deliberate fragmentation and ambiguity…

New York City, city and port located at the mouth of the Hudson River, southeastern New York state, northeastern U.S. It is the largest and most influential American metropolis, encompassing Manhattan and Staten islands, the western sections of Long Island, and a small portion of the New York state

At the start of the decade, Paul Simon, Neil Diamond, and Lou Reed were among the hopeful young songwriters walking the warrenlike corridors and knocking on the glass-paneled doors of publishers in the Brill Building and its neighbours along Broadway. Only Diamond achieved significant success in

In the early 1970s the city of New York lapsed into bankruptcy, and the music business completed its move west, centring on Los Angeles. When New York City’s musical resurgence occurred at the end of the decade, it owed little to the tradition of craftsmanship in songwriting, engineering, and

By the 1980s the record business in New York City was cocooned in the major labels’ midtown Manhattan skyscraper offices, where receptionists were instructed to refuse tapes from artists who did not already have industry connections via a lawyer, a manager, or an accountant. Small labels such as

New York City Ballet, resident ballet company of the New York State Theatre at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. The company, first named Ballet Society, was founded in 1946 by the choreographer George Balanchine (artistic director) and Lincoln Kirstein (general director) as a private

Draft Riot of 1863, major four-day eruption of violence in New York City resulting from deep worker discontent with the inequities of conscription during the U.S. Civil War. Although labouring people in general supported the Northern war effort, they had no voice in Republican policy and

New York City Marathon, 26.2-mile footrace held every November through the five boroughs of New York City. The New York City Marathon often draws the largest number of participants of all annual marathons, and it is—with the Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, and Tokyo marathons—one of the world’s

city mission: In the United States the New York City Mission and Tract Society began home visitations in the 1830s and founded its first mission station in 1852. The movement flourished in the late 19th century and was established in other countries in Europe, including France, the Netherlands, the Scandinavian countries, and…

Julius Rudel: …conductor or director of the New York City Opera, 1944–79.

Eric Adams: He previously worked in the New York City Police Department for more than 20 years, retiring with the rank of captain. He represented parts of central Brooklyn in the New York state senate (2007–13) and served as the Brooklyn borough president (2014–22). His tenure as mayor has been filled with…

Elliott Erwitt: In 1955 his photo New York City, 1953, an image of his first wife and his six-day-old daughter, was included in the landmark exhibition “The Family of Man” at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and it has since become one of the most iconic images from…

Columbia University: Its Teachers College (1887), with the city for a laboratory, is one of the best known in the nation, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons (1767), together with the Presbyterian Hospital and allied institutions, forms the nucleus of one of the country’s renowned medical centres.

Abigail Hopper Gibbons: …and was president of the New York Committee for the Prevention of State Regulation of Vice, established in opposition to proposals to license prostitution. She was in large part responsible for the legislation that created a women’s reformatory in New York City in 1892.

New York slave rebellion of 1741, a supposed large-scale scheme plotted by Black slaves and poor white settlers to burn down and take over New York City. Possibly fueled by paranoia, the city’s white population became convinced that a major rebellion was being planned. After a witch-hunt-like

Archie Shepp: …in 1963 Shepp formed the New York Contemporary Five (with trumpeter Don Cherry, alto saxophonist John Tchicai, and others), which subsequently toured in eastern and western Europe.

football: North and Central America and the Caribbean: …later and struggled until the New York Cosmos signed the Brazilian superstar Pelé in 1975. Other aging international stars soon followed, and crowds grew to European proportions, but a regular fan base remained elusive, and NASL folded in 1985. An indoor football tournament, founded in 1978, evolved into a league…

Bank Craps: New York Craps is a version of Bank Craps popular in the eastern United States, the Bahamas, and England. The table and layout, called a double-end dealer, are slightly different from those used in Bank Craps.

world’s fair: The Great Exhibition and its legacy: the golden age of fairs: The Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, more commonly known as the New York Crystal Palace Exhibition, was held in 1853–54 in an iron-and-glass structure in Bryant Park. It showcased the same types of displays as its London counterpart but also included an especially impressive…

Latin Americans in Major League Baseball Through the First Years of the 21st Century: The 1930s through World War II: One such team was the New York Cubans (a team of black Latins, and not just Cubans). The Cubans played in the Negro leagues from 1935 to the early 1950s and won the championship in that pivotal year of 1947, when Jackie Robinson broke the colour barrier. Players included future…

NYSE Amex Equities, major U.S. stock exchange that also handles trades in options, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), corporate bonds, and other investment vehicles. Trading on NYSE Amex Equities—originally known as the “Curb” (because its transactions took place outdoors during much of its

NYSE Amex Equities, major U.S. stock exchange that also handles trades in options, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), corporate bonds, and other investment vehicles. Trading on NYSE Amex Equities—originally known as the “Curb” (because its transactions took place outdoors during much of its

Chester A. Arthur: Early life and career: The New York customhouse, which brought in the bulk of the nation’s tariff revenue, had long been conspicuous for flagrant use of the spoils system, by which Conkling’s political supporters were rewarded with government jobs. Although Arthur collected the customs duties with integrity, he continued the practice of…

New York Daily News, morning daily tabloid newspaper published in New York City, once the newspaper with the largest circulation in the United States. The New York Daily News was the first successful tabloid newspaper in the United States. It was founded in 1919 as the Illustrated Daily News by

Abigail Hopper Gibbons: …1873 she helped found the New York Diet Kitchen Association, which, upon a physician’s prescription, provided food to the ailing poor. She also helped establish the Protestant Asylum for Infants and was president of the New York Committee for the Prevention of State Regulation of Vice, established in opposition to…

the New York Dolls: …center of the film documentary New York Doll (2005).

the New York Dolls, American band whose raw brand of glam rock revitalized the New York City underground music scene in the 1970s, foreshadowing punk rock by half a decade. Formed in 1971, the New York Dolls first gained notoriety in 1972 for their outrageous performances at the Mercer Arts Center

National Enquirer, American weekly newspaper best known for its celebrity gossip, crime news, and investigative reporting. The Enquirer is commonly termed a “supermarket tabloid” because of its wide availability at grocery-store checkout counters. It is also sold on newsstands and through

E. L. Godkin: …Henry Villard, owner of the New York Evening Post. The Nation then became a weekly edition of the Post. Godkin was the Post’s editor in chief from 1883 until his retirement in 1900.

Gisele Bündchen: …made her runway debut at New York Fashion Week—one of the industry’s four major semiannual events. In 1997 Bündchen appeared on the cover of the Brazilian edition of the leading fashion magazine Vogue (October), gaining industry recognition. Despite a more curvaceous figure that stood in stark contrast to the waifish…

New York Film Festival, noncompetitive film festival held annually at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City. It is considered to be one of the most prestigious film festivals in the United States. The New York Film Festival was first held in 1963 and featured films from the United

Peter Eisenman: …as one of the “New York Five,” along with future postmodernists Richard Meier and Michael Graves.

William Bradford: …first New York newspaper, the New York Gazette. Many of his descendants were also printers.

New York Giants, American professional football team based in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Giants have won four National Football League (NFL) championships (1927, 1934, 1938, and 1956) and four Super Bowls (1987, 1991, 2008, and 2012). The Giants were noted for their early successes and for

San Francisco Giants, American professional baseball team based in San Francisco. The Giants have won eight World Series titles and 23 National League (NL) pennants. The franchise that would become the Giants was established in 1883 in New York City and was initially known as the Gothams. In 1885

Harlem Globetrotters, predominantly Black professional U.S. basketball team that plays exhibition games all over the world, drawing large crowds to see the players’ spectacular ball handling and humorous antics. The team was organized in Chicago in 1926 as the all-Black Savoy Big Five. Sports

San Francisco Giants, American professional baseball team based in San Francisco. The Giants have won eight World Series titles and 23 National League (NL) pennants. The franchise that would become the Giants was established in 1883 in New York City and was initially known as the Gothams. In 1885

Anita Loos: …film of her first scenario, The New York Hat, was produced in 1912 by D.W. Griffith and starred Mary Pickford and Lionel Barrymore. By the age of 20 Loos was a professional screenwriter, and she eventually worked on more than 60 silent films.

Audre Lorde: …Other People Live (1973) and New York Head Shop and Museum (1974), were more rhetorical and political.

New York Herald, American daily newspaper published from 1835 to 1924 in New York City. It was one of the first papers created in the penny-press movement, and it developed many aspects of modern American journalism, including nonpartisan political reporting and business coverage. The Herald was

New York Herald, American daily newspaper published from 1835 to 1924 in New York City. It was one of the first papers created in the penny-press movement, and it developed many aspects of modern American journalism, including nonpartisan political reporting and business coverage. The Herald was