newsreel, short motion picture of current events introduced in England about 1897 by the Frenchman Charles Pathé. Newsreels were shown regularly, first in music halls between entertainment acts and later between the featured films in motion-picture theatres. Because spot news was expensive to

Jane Fonda: …role on the television drama The Newsroom (2012–14).

Metallica: Jason Newsted (b. March 4, 1963, Battle Creek, Michigan) took over on bass after Burton was killed in a tour bus accident.

Newsweek, weekly newsmagazine based in New York, New York. It originated as a print publication in 1933 but briefly switched to an all-digital format in 2013–14. Newsweek was founded by Thomas J.C. Martyn, a former foreign-news editor of Time, as News-Week. It borrowed the general format of Time

newt, (family Salamandridae), generic name used to describe several partially terrestrial salamanders. The family is divided informally into newts and “true salamanders” (that is, all non-newt species within Salamandridae regardless of genus). Since there is little distinction between the two

Ridgewood, village, Bergen county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It lies along the Saddle River, 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Paterson, New Jersey. Dutch farmers settled in the area in the late 1600s. The village’s Old Paramus Reformed Church, built about 1800 and remodeled in 1875, is on the site

newton, absolute unit of force in the International System of Units (SI units), abbreviated N. It is defined as that force necessary to provide a mass of one kilogram with an acceleration of one metre per second per second. One newton is equal to a force of 100,000 dynes in the

Newton, city, seat (1872) of Harvey county, central Kansas, U.S. Founded in 1871 and named for Newton, Massachusetts, it was a railhead for the Chisholm Trail cattle drives from 1871 to 1873, when it was designated a division point of the Santa Fe Railroad. In the 1870s Russian Mennonite settlers

Newton, city, seat (1846) of Jasper county, central Iowa, U.S., about 30 miles (50 km) east of Des Moines. It was settled in 1846 as the county seat and was named for John Newton, a soldier of the American Revolution. The railroad arrived in the 1860s and the community developed as a lumber-milling

Newton, city, Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies along the Charles River just west of Boston and comprises several villages, including Auburndale, Newton Centre, Newton Upper Falls, Newtonville, Nonantum, Waban, and the northern part of Chestnut Hill (shared with Brookline).

Newton Abbot, town (parish), Teignbridge district, administrative and historic county of Devon, southwestern England. It lies near the head of the River Teign estuary, about 5 miles (8 km) from the English Channel, and is the administrative centre for the district. Bradley Manor (15th century),

Isaac Newton’s calculus actually began in 1665 with his discovery of the general binomial series (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + n(n − 1)2!∙x2 + n(n − 1)(n − 2)3!∙x3 +⋯ for arbitrary rational values of n. With this formula he was able to find infinite series for many algebraic functions (functions y of x that

Vincent D’Onofrio: >The Newton Boys (1998), about a family of bank robbers; convincingly portrayed a man who might have returned from the future, opposite Marisa Tomei, in Happy Accidents (2000); and embodied Abbie Hoffman in Steal This Movie (2000). In 2001 D’Onofrio began his 10-year run as…

Manchester United, English professional football (soccer) team based in Manchester, England. Nicknamed “the Red Devils” for its distinctive red jerseys, it is one of the richest and best-supported football clubs not only in England but in the entire world. The club has won the English top-division

John Banville: Fiction: Copernicus (1976), Kepler (1981), and The Newton Letter: An Interlude (1982) are fictional biographies based on the lives of noted scientists. These three works use scientific exploration as a metaphor to question perceptions of fiction and reality. Mefisto (1986) is written from the point of view of a character obsessed…

PDA: released the Newton MessagePad, for which John Sculley, then Apple’s chief executive officer, coined the term PDA. Although an improvement in some areas, the Newton’s handwriting recognition was only 85 percent effective, resulting in ridicule and poor sales.

Étienne-Louis Boullée: …that would serve as a cenotaph honouring the British physicist Isaac Newton, Boullée gave imaginary form to his theories. The interior of the cenotaph was to be a hollow globe representing the universe.

interpolation: …then the following formula of Isaac Newton produces a polynomial function that fits the data: f(x) = a0 + a1(x − x0)h + a2(x − x0)(x − x1)2!h2

law of inertia, postulate in physics that, if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force. The law of inertia was first formulated by Galileo Galilei for horizontal

interpolation: …then the following formula of Isaac Newton produces a polynomial function that fits the data: f(x) = a0 + a1(x − x0)h + a2(x − x0)(x − x1)2!h2

numerical analysis: Numerical linear and nonlinear algebra: This leads to Newton’s iterative method for finding successively better approximations to the desired root: x(k +1) = x(k) − f(x(k))f′(x(k)), k = 0, 1, 2, …, where f′(x) indicates the first derivative of

fluid mechanics: Convection: Newton’s law of cooling, which postulates a linear relationship, is obeyed only in circumstances where convection is prevented or in circumstances where it is forced (when a radiator is fan-assisted, for example).

Newton’s law of gravitation, statement that any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them. In symbols, the magnitude of the attractive force F is equal to G (the

Newton’s law of gravitation, statement that any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them. In symbols, the magnitude of the attractive force F is equal to G (the

Newton’s laws of motion, three statements describing the relations between the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body, first formulated by English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton, which are the foundation of classical mechanics. Newton’s first law states that if a body is at

Newton’s method, a mathematical technique for solving equations involving a polynomial expression being equal to zero—that is, f(x) = 0. The method uses successive approximations to find a value of x that best gives a value of zero in the polynomial expression. The method was devised by Isaac

Newton’s rings, in optics, a series of concentric light- and dark-coloured bands observed between two pieces of glass when one is convex and rests on its convex side on another piece having a flat surface. Thus, a layer of air exists between them. The phenomenon is caused by the interference of

probability theory: Brownian motion process: …on a simple application of Newton’s second law: F = ma. Let V(t) denote the velocity of a colloidal particle of mass m. It is assumed that

Glen Ellyn, village, DuPage county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It is a suburb of Chicago, lying 23 miles (37 km) west of downtown. Glen Ellyn’s phases of development were marked by seven name changes: Babcock’s Grove (1833), for the first settlers, Ralph and Morgan Babcock; DuPage Center (1834);

mechanics: Centre of mass: …the orbit, but, according to Newton’s third law, it must actually be accelerated by a force due to Earth that is equal and opposite to the force that the Sun exerts on Earth. In other words, considering only the Sun and Earth (ignoring, for example, all the other planets), if…

Alfred Newton was a British zoologist, one of the foremost ornithologists of his day. Newton studied at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and from 1854 to 1863, as a holder of the Drury Travelling Fellowship, visited Lapland, Iceland, the West Indies, North America, and Spitsbergen, in the Arctic

Carolina Panthers: …to select Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback Cam Newton. After a few seasons of middling results, Newton led the Panthers to a divisional title and playoff berth in 2013. The following season Carolina won the historically weak NFC South, capturing the division title with a 7–8–1 record. Nevertheless, the team won its…

Vogue: International editions and contributors: Helmut Newton, Hiro, and Annie Leibovitz. André Leon Talley was the first Black person to serve as creative director of American Vogue. In 2009 he wrote Vogue’s first cover story on U.S. first lady Michelle Obama, “Power of Change: Leading Lady.”

Huey P. Newton was an American political activist, cofounder (with Bobby Seale) of the Black Panther Party (originally called Black Panther Party for Self-Defense). Newton, who graduated from high school without ever having learned to read, taught himself how to read before attending Merritt

Huey P. Newton was an American political activist, cofounder (with Bobby Seale) of the Black Panther Party (originally called Black Panther Party for Self-Defense). Newton, who graduated from high school without ever having learned to read, taught himself how to read before attending Merritt

Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who was the culminating figure of the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century. In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colours into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern

John Newton was an English slave trader who became an Anglican minister, a hymn writer, and later a noted abolitionist, best known for his hymn “Amazing Grace.” His transformation from a faithless seaman to a man of deep faith is echoed in his work. Newton was born to a devout Nonconformist mother

comic strip: The origins of the comic strip: …Bunbury, George Woodward, and, notably, Richard Newton, who in his brief career combined elements of Hogarthian satire with the grotesque exaggerations of Thomas Rowlandson and James Gillray. Economy of line, instantaneity of comic effect, and visual and verbal wit now became the hallmark of the strip. With the story concentrated…

Oliver Twist: …the brutal Bill Sikes (Robert Newton). Oliver is eventually able to escape from this life but not without difficulties.

Sir Charles Thomas Newton was a British archaeologist who excavated sites in southwestern Turkey and disinterred the remains of one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (at present-day Bodrum, Turkey). He also helped to establish systematic methods for

Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who was the culminating figure of the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century. In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colours into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern

history of photography: Early developments: …Academy), invited the miniature painter Sir William Newton to read the paper “Upon Photography in an Artistic View” (Journal of the Photographic Society, 1853). Newton’s argument was that photographs could be useful so long as they were taken “in accordance [as far as it is possible] with the acknowledged principles…

Crash: …and his wife, Christine (Thandie Newton). Cameron is deferential but Christine is argumentative, and Ryan molests and humiliates her while patting her down. The locksmith Daniel goes home to find his young daughter, Lara (Ashlyn Sanchez), hiding under her bed, afraid that a bullet from a shooting in the…

Sedgefield: Aycliffe, also called Newton Aycliffe, was the first official new town in the north of England, designated in 1947 in conjunction with a revamped World War II ordnance factory. The industrial estate established there had expanded by the early 1980s to provide employment for 12,000…

Olivia Newton-John was a British-Australian singer and actress known for her gentle voice, her purity of tone, and her perfect pitch. Newton-John achieved worldwide stardom in a variety of musical genres and was especially well known for her starring role in Grease (1978), one of the most

Newton’s method, a mathematical technique for solving equations involving a polynomial expression being equal to zero—that is, f(x) = 0. The method uses successive approximations to find a value of x that best gives a value of zero in the polynomial expression. The method was devised by Isaac

amorphous solid: Distinction between crystalline and amorphous solids: …erroneously describe glasses as undercooled viscous liquids, but this is actually incorrect. Along the section of route 2 labeled liquid in Figure 3, it is the portion lying between Tf and Tg that is correctly associated with the description of the material as an undercooled liquid (undercooled meaning that its…

reference frame: …known as a Newtonian, or inertial reference, frame. The laws are also valid in any set of rigid axes moving with constant velocity and without rotation relative to the inertial frame; this concept is known as the principle of Newtonian or Galilean relativity. A coordinate system attached to the Earth…

amorphous solid: Distinction between crystalline and amorphous solids: …erroneously describe glasses as undercooled viscous liquids, but this is actually incorrect. Along the section of route 2 labeled liquid in Figure 3, it is the portion lying between Tf and Tg that is correctly associated with the description of the material as an undercooled liquid (undercooled meaning that its…

mechanics: Classical mechanics deals with the motion of bodies under the influence of forces or with the equilibrium of bodies when all forces are balanced. The subject may be thought of as the elaboration and application of basic postulates first enunciated by Isaac Newton in his…

telescope: Reflecting telescopes: The Newtonian reflector is popular among amateur telescope makers.

mechanics: Centrifugal force: According to the principle of Galilean relativity, if Newton’s laws are true in any reference frame, they are also true in any other frame moving at constant velocity with respect to the first one. Conversely, they do not appear to be true in any frame accelerated with respect to the…

Galilean transformations, set of equations in classical physics that relate the space and time coordinates of two systems moving at a constant velocity relative to each other. Adequate to describe phenomena at speeds much smaller than the speed of light, Galilean transformations formally express

Francesco Algarotti: A year later Algarotti wrote Il Newtonianismo per le dame (1737; “Newtonianism for Ladies”), a popular exposition of Newtonian optics. Following an extended visit to Russia in 1738–39, chronicled in the lively and informative letters collected in his Viaggi di Russia (1769; “Travels in Russia”; Eng. trans. Letters from Count…

Newtown, new town, Powys county, historic county of Montgomeryshire (Sir Drefaldwyn), central Wales. It is located on the River Severn, 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Welshpool, and includes the small community of Llanllwchaiarn just to the northeast. In 1967 Newtown was designated the second new

Newtown Saint Boswells, village, Scottish Borders council area, historic county of Roxburghshire, Scotland, lying in the Tweed basin southeast of Edinburgh on the Edinburgh-Newcastle road. Before 1929 its population consisted mainly of railway employees. Since then its main function has changed to

Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, mass shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, on December 14, 2012, that left 26 people dead and 2 injured at the school. After murdering his mother at their home, Adam Lanza fatally shot 20 children and 6 adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School before taking his own

Newtownabbey: The former Newtownabbey district bordered the former districts of Larne and Carrickfergus to the east, Ballymena to the north, and Antrim to the west. Belfast City lies to the south. The southern slopes of the Antrim Mountains extend into the northern and eastern parts, but most of…

Newtownabbey, town and former district (1973–2015) within the former county of Antrim, now in Antrim and Newtownabbey district, eastern Northern Ireland. The town of Newtownabbey, formed in 1958 by the amalgamation of seven villages, is a residential continuation of the city of Belfast on the

Newtownards, town, Ards and North Down district, eastern Northern Ireland, situated at the northern end of Strangford Lough (inlet of the sea), just east of Belfast. It was founded by Sir Hugh Montgomery in 1608 at the site of a ruined Dominican friary (established 1244 by Walter de Burgh, earl of

Jeffrey Katzenberg: One of its ventures was Quibi (formerly NewTV), a start-up focusing on short-form videos for mobile devices. The app was launched in April 2020. It struggled, however, and in October it was announced that Quibi was shutting down.

weather forecasting: Measurements and ideas as the basis for weather prediction: …next-generation Doppler weather radar (NEXRAD) was largely in place in the United States, which allowed meteorologists to predict severe weather events with additional lead time before their occurrence. During the late 1990s and early 21st century, computer processing power increased, which allowed weather bureaus to produce more-sophisticated ensemble forecasts—that…

Stardust/NExT, a U.S. space probe that captured and returned dust grains from interplanetary space and from a comet. Stardust was launched on February 7, 1999. It flew past the asteroid Annefrank on November 2, 2002, and the comet Wild 2 on January 2, 2004. A sample capsule containing the dust

John Schlesinger: Films of the 1990s and final work: …the victim of rape, and The Next Best Thing (2000), in which Madonna played a yoga instructor who decides to have a baby with her gay best friend (Rupert Everett).

David Bowie: …resurfaced a decade later with The Next Day (2013), a collection of assured, mostly straightforward, rock songs. The searching, jazz-infused Blackstar (2016) was released two days before his death from cancer. In Bowie’s final years he also cowrote the musical Lazarus (premiered 2015), which was inspired by The Man Who…

Denis Villeneuve: …a short comedy about gluttony, Next Floor (2008), and followed with Polytechnique (2009), a disturbing and affecting dramatization of a real-life massacre of 14 women that had happened at a Montreal university in 1989. Incendies (2010), adapted from a play by Wajdi Mouawad, uses a story of Montreal twins fulfilling…

Ice Cube: Film and TV career: … (1991), the Friday series (1995, 2000, 2002), the Barbershop series (2002, 2004, 2016), and 21 Jump Street (2012) and 22 Jump Street (2014). Throughout his career, he acted alongside major stars like Bernie Mac, Jennifer Lopez,

Taika Waititi: Jojo Rabbit and Reservation Dogs: …2023 Waititi directed and cowrote Next Goal Wins, a sports comedy about a football (soccer) team in American Samoa. He also acted in the film, which starred Michael Fassbender. Waititi then cocreated the miniseries Time Bandits (2024), a remake of Terry Gilliam’s 1981 fantasy-adventure about a young boy’s time-jumping travels.…

Steve Jobs: NeXT and Pixar: Jobs quickly started another firm, NeXT Inc., designing powerful workstation computers for the education market. His funding partners included Texan entrepreneur Ross Perot and Canon Inc., a Japanese electronics company. Although the NeXT computer was notable for its engineering design, it was eclipsed by less costly computers from competitors such…

Pat Morita: Stand-up comedy and acting: …Kid Part III (1989), and The Next Karate Kid (1994).

Patrick Swayze: …films—including Road House (1989) and Next of Kin (1989)—before being cast as the romantic lead opposite Demi Moore in Ghost, a supernatural drama that was a box office sensation. For his portrayal of a murdered investment banker who becomes a ghost, Swayze was nominated for his second Golden Globe. His…

Atom Egoyan: …experiences for such films as Next of Kin (1984), in which a young man masquerades as a lost son of an Armenian family; he first gained widespread recognition when that film was chosen to be shown at the Toronto International Film Festival. Egoyan next directed Family Viewing, a story about…

Christopher Walken: …appeared in Paul Mazursky’s autobiographical Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976) and the horror film The Sentinel (1977) before winning notice for a small part as the title character’s apparently suicidal brother in Woody Allen’s Annie Hall (1977).

Jean-Louis Trintignant: …Trintignant, including L’Été prochain (1985; Next Summer) and the television movie L’Insoumise (1996; “The Unsubdued”).

Russell Crowe: …from prison in the thriller The Next Three Days. In The Man with the Iron Fists (2012), an homage to kung fu movies, he played a roguish English soldier in feudal China, and in the musical Les Misérables (2012) he performed the role of the determined police inspector Javert. Crowe…

Garson Kanin: Film directing: … written by Dalton Trumbo, and Next Time I Marry, a screwball comedy starring Lucille Ball. The Great Man Votes (1939) was Kanin’s first critical success, thanks largely to a moving performance by John Barrymore. An acerbic satire on politicians and pollsters, it depicts an alcoholic former professor who is about…

Jimmie Johnson: …Series and, in 2008, the Sprint Cup Series.) He also earned his first Busch Series win in 2001, at Chicagoland Speedway, winding up eighth in that series’s point standings. In 2002 he began his rookie season in the Cup Series, winning three races and ending the season ranked fifth. Two…

Tom Steyer: …became the founding president of NextGen Climate, which was largely involved in environmental issues. He also created NextGen Climate Action Committee, a PAC that helped establish him on the national political scene. Steyer’s other initiatives included the nonprofit Beneficial State Bank in Oakland, California, which he founded with his wife,…

Steve Jobs: NeXT and Pixar: …on its innovative software system, NEXTSTEP.

nexum, in very early Roman law, a type of formal contract involving the loan of money under such oppressive conditions that it might result in the debtor’s complete subjection to the creditor. The transaction was accomplished by means of a ritual employing scales and copper, the traditional symbols

Google: Android OS and entry into the smartphone market: …Apple’s iPhone by introducing the Nexus One smartphone. Nicknamed the “Google Phone,” the Nexus One used the latest version of Android and featured a large, vibrant display screen, aesthetically pleasing design, and a voice-to-text messaging system that was based on advanced voice-recognition software. However, its lack of native support for…

Elisabet Ney was a sculptor remembered for her statues and busts of European and Texas personages of the mid- to late 19th century. Ney was the daughter of a stonecutter, and from him she inherited artistic ambitions. She studied drawing privately in her home city of Münster and at the Royal

Elisabet Ney was a sculptor remembered for her statues and busts of European and Texas personages of the mid- to late 19th century. Ney was the daughter of a stonecutter, and from him she inherited artistic ambitions. She studied drawing privately in her home city of Münster and at the Royal

Michel Ney was one of the best known of Napoleon’s marshals (from 1804). He pledged his allegiance to the restored Bourbon monarchy when Napoleon abdicated in 1814. Upon Napoleon’s return in 1815, Ney rejoined him and commanded the Old Guard at the Battle of Waterloo. Under the monarchy, again

Michel Ney was one of the best known of Napoleon’s marshals (from 1804). He pledged his allegiance to the restored Bourbon monarchy when Napoleon abdicated in 1814. Upon Napoleon’s return in 1815, Ney rejoined him and commanded the Old Guard at the Battle of Waterloo. Under the monarchy, again

Neyagawa, city, Ōsaka fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan, in the northern part of the Kōchi-gawa (Kōchi River) plain. Many ancient relics attest to prehistoric settlement in the area. With the construction of a railway line to Ōsaka in 1910, Neyagawa grew as a residential suburb. The few

Jerzy Neyman was a Polish mathematician and statistician who, working in Russian, Polish, and then English, helped to establish the statistical theory of hypothesis testing. Neyman was a principal founder of modern theoretical statistics. In 1968, he was awarded the prestigious National Medal of

Neymar is a Brazilian football (soccer) player who is one of the most prolific scorers in his country’s storied football history. Neymar began playing football as a boy in São Vicente, under the guidance of his father, a former professional footballer who remained a close adviser and mentor

Neyshābūr, town, northeastern Iran. Neyshābūr is situated 46 miles (74 km) west of Meshed. The town, which has shifted its position repeatedly in historical times, lies at an elevation of 3,980 feet (1,213 metres) in a wide, well-watered, and fertile plain at the southern foot of the Bīnālūd

Nez Percé, North American Indian people whose traditional territory centred on the lower Snake River and such tributaries as the Salmon and Clearwater rivers in what is now northeastern Oregon, southeastern Washington, and central Idaho, U.S. They were the largest, most powerful, and best-known of

Nez Percé: …Americans eventually evolved into the Nez Percé War of 1877. For five months a small band of 250 Nez Percé warriors, under the leadership of Chief Joseph, held off a U.S. force of 5,000 troops led by Gen. Oliver O. Howard, who tracked them through Idaho, Yellowstone Park, and Montana…

Nezahualcóyotl, municipality northeast of Mexico City, México estado (state), central Mexico. Situated at the northeastern end of the Valle de México just outside of Mexico City, Nezahualcóyotl has become one of Mexico’s largest localities. Settlement began shortly after 1900, when Lake Texcoco was

Neẓāmī was the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. Little is known of Neẓāmī’s life. Orphaned at a young age, he spent his entire life in Ganja, leaving only once to meet the ruling prince. Although he enjoyed the

Ferdowsī: …reliable source is given by Neẓāmī-ye ʿArūẓī, a 12th-century poet who visited Ferdowsī’s tomb in 1116 or 1117 and collected the traditions that were current in his birthplace less than a century after his death.

stinkbug: The southern green stinkbug, or green vegetable bug (Nezara viridula), which occurs worldwide, damages beans, berries, tomatoes, and other garden crops. The rice stinkbug (Oebalus pugneax) causes severe losses to the rice crop in North America.

lymphatic system: Diseases of the lymphatic system: …autoimmune diseases, DiGeorge syndrome and Nezelof disease, result in the failure of the thymus to develop and in the subsequent reduction in T-cell numbers, and removal of the bursa from chickens results in a decrease in B-cell counts. The destruction of bone marrow also has devastating effects on the immune…

Yannick Nézet-Séguin is a Canadian conductor and pianist who was music director of the Philadelphia Orchestra (2012– ), which he was credited with revitalizing through a dynamic mixture of “music-making and diplomacy,” and of the Metropolitan Opera (2018– ) in New York City. As a young man,

Nizhyn, city, north-central Ukraine. Nizhyn dates from the 11th century and was incorporated in 1781. It served as a regimental centre in the Cossack-controlled state known as the Hetmanate. It contains several buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries, including the cathedrals of St. Nicholas and

Battle of Nizip, (June 24, 1839), battle between forces of the Ottoman Empire and those of Muḥammad ʿAlī, viceroy of Egypt, at Nizip (now in southeastern Turkey), in which the Ottomans were defeated. Their empire was spared only by the intervention of Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia.

Neziqin, (Hebrew: “Damages”), the fourth of the six major divisions, or orders (sedarim), of the Mishna (codification of Jewish oral laws), which was given its final form early in the 3rd century ad by Judah ha-Nasi. Neziqin deals principally with legally adjudicated damages and financial