spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: …species exhibits cannibalism least concern Mandalay spitting cobra Naja mandalayensis Myanmar known to charge toward threats; measures about 1.2 meters (3.9 feet) in length; has a yellow-brown body with dark speckles vulnerable Philippine cobra Naja philippinensis Northern Philippines (Luzon islands) stocky brown snake of medium length; known for its potent…

forest cobra, (Naja melanoleuca), large, agile, venomous snake of the cobra family (Elapidae), native to humid forests throughout western and central Africa. The forest cobra has a calm temperament, and few bites to humans are reported, though such bites can be lethal if left untreated. In 2018

Indian cobra, (Naja naja), species of highly venomous snake in the cobra family (Elapidae). It is one of the so-called “big four” species of snakes that inflict the majority of snakebites in India, the other three being the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus),

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: …across the neck least concern zebra spitting cobra Naja nigricincta nigricincta Namibia, Angola zebra-like white or yellow stripes on a black or brown body; a shy snake least concern black spitting cobra Naja nigricincta woodi dry regions of Southern Africa juveniles are gray-bodied but turn solid black as adults; bites…

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: …a shy snake least concern black spitting cobra Naja nigricincta woodi dry regions of Southern Africa juveniles are gray-bodied but turn solid black as adults; bites are rare least concern black-necked spitting cobra Naja nigricollis sub-Saharan Africa, primarily savanna and semi-desert regions a moderate-size snake; color varies across regions least

cobra: …of southern Africa and the black-necked cobra (Naja nigricollis), a small form widely distributed in Africa, are spitters. Venom is accurately directed at the victim’s eyes at distances of more than two metres (6.5 feet) and may cause temporary, or even permanent, blindness unless promptly washed away. The Egyptian cobra…

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: …varies across regions least concern Nubian spitting cobra Naja nubiae scattered distribution in North Africa, including parts of the Nile valley brownish-gray with a dark ring around the neck; relatively smaller in size compared with other spitting cobras least concern red spitting cobra Naja pallida East Africa bright red but…

forest cobra: subfulva), the São Tomé forest cobra (N. peroescobari), the black forest cobra (N. guineensis), and the West African banded cobra (N. savannula).

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: …body with dark speckles vulnerable Philippine cobra Naja philippinensis Northern Philippines (Luzon islands) stocky brown snake of medium length; known for its potent neurotoxic venom near threatened Samar cobra Naja samarensis Southern Philippines (Visayas and Mindanao islands) varied coloring, often seen with yellow markings least concern

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: …potent neurotoxic venom near threatened Samar cobra Naja samarensis Southern Philippines (Visayas and Mindanao islands) varied coloring, often seen with yellow markings least concern Indochinese spitting cobra Naja siamensis Southeast Asia medium-sized and relatively slender gray to black cobra with prominent white spots or stripes; it spits a mist of…

forest cobra: guineensis), and the West African banded cobra (N. savannula).

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status:

forest cobra: …forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca), the brown forest cobra (N. subfulva), the São Tomé forest cobra (N. peroescobari), the black forest cobra (N. guineensis), and the West African banded cobra (N. savannula).

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: The ringhals is found in shrubland and grassland regions of South Africa, Eswatini, and Lesotho and is listed as a species of…

Najaf, city, capital of Najaf muḥāfaẓah (governorate), central Iraq. Located about 100 miles (160 km) south of Baghdad, Najaf lies on a ridge just west of the Euphrates River. It is one of Shiʿi Islam’s two foremost holy cities (the other is Karbalāʾ, also in Iraq) and is widely held to be the

Najaf, city, capital of Najaf muḥāfaẓah (governorate), central Iraq. Located about 100 miles (160 km) south of Baghdad, Najaf lies on a ridge just west of the Euphrates River. It is one of Shiʿi Islam’s two foremost holy cities (the other is Karbalāʾ, also in Iraq) and is widely held to be the

Najaf, city, capital of Najaf muḥāfaẓah (governorate), central Iraq. Located about 100 miles (160 km) south of Baghdad, Najaf lies on a ridge just west of the Euphrates River. It is one of Shiʿi Islam’s two foremost holy cities (the other is Karbalāʾ, also in Iraq) and is widely held to be the

Najaf: Najaf governorate is a flat region extending from the Euphrates River in the northeast to the Saudi Arabian border in the southwest. Except for the area near the river, the region is sparsely populated. The governorate was created in 1976 from the western part of…

Najāḥid Dynasty: …between two slaves, Nafīs and Najāḥ. Nafīs murdered the last Ziyādid ruler in 1018, and, after several years of bitter fighting and the death of Nafīs, Najāḥ emerged victorious and took control of Zabīd early in 1022. Najāḥ obtained the recognition of the ʿAbbāsid caliph and established his rule over…

Najāḥid Dynasty, Muslim dynasty of Ethiopian Mamlūks (slaves) that ruled Yemen in the period 1022–1158 from its capital at Zabīd. The Ziyādid kingdom at Zabīd (819–1018) had in its final years been controlled by Mamlūk viziers, the last of whom divided Yemen between two slaves, Nafīs and Najāḥ.

Bhaktapur: …another square with the 18th-century Najatapola Dewai, or five-tiered temple, and a temple to Bhairava, guarded by two copper-gilt singhas (mythical lions). A local museum is devoted to the conservation of examples of fine woodwork of the past. Pop. (2001) mun., 72,543; (2011) mun., 83,658.

Najd, region, central Saudi Arabia, comprising a mainly rocky plateau sloping eastward from the mountains of the Hejaz. On the northern, eastern, and southern sides, it is bounded by the sand deserts of Al-Nafūd, Al-Dahnāʾ, and the Rubʿ al-Khali. It is sparsely settled, except for the fertile oases

Asia: The Precambrian: …rise mainly to the northwest–southeast-oriented Najd fault belt in central Saudi Arabia and the associated crustal extension along north-south–oriented faults that became especially prominent in the present-day Persian Gulf and the surrounding areas. The Najd faults were predominantly of the strike-slip variety that moved right-laterally during an initial interval of…

Henry II: …Edward the Black Prince at Najera (April 3, 1367). He obtained more French aid and captured Peter, whom he murdered on March 23, 1369.

Najib Razak is a Malaysian politician who served as prime minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018. Najib was born into a political family; his father, Abdul Razak, was Malaysia’s prime minister from 1970 to 1976, and his uncle, Hussein Onn, was prime minister from 1976 to 1981. Najib attended school

India: The Afghan-Maratha struggle for northern India: During most of this period, Najīb al-Dawlah was in charge of the dwindling empire, which was now effectively a regional kingdom of Delhi.

Najibullah was an Afghan military official who was president of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992. The son of a prominent Pashtun family, Najibullah (who, like many Afghans, had only a single name) began studying medicine at Kabul University in 1964 and received his degree in 1975, but he never

Najin, city, Hamgyŏng-pukto (North Hamgyŏng province), northeastern North Korea. It is located on Najin Bay, on the East Sea (Sea of Japan). Protected by Taech’o and Soch’o islands, it has a good natural harbour and is a port city. Formerly a poor village, it developed rapidly after the

Ayyūb was the father of Saladin, and a member of a family of Kurdish soldiers of fortune who in the 12th century took service under the Seljuq Turkish rulers in Iraq and Syria. Appointed governor of Damascus, Ayyūb and his brother Shīrkūh united Syria in preparation for war against the crusaders.

Najrān: …of the Asir plateau (west), Najrān plateau (center), and the Rubʿ al-Khali (“Empty Quarter”) desert (east).

Najrān, town, oasis, and minṭaqah (province), southern Asir region, southwestern Saudi Arabia, in the desert along the Yemen frontier. It is bounded by the provinces of Riyadh (north), Al-Sharqiyyah (east), and Asir (west). The province is composed of the Asir plateau (west), Najrān plateau

Najʿ Ḥammādī, town in Qinā muḥāfaẓah (governorate), on the west bank of the Nile River, in Upper Egypt, on or near the site of the ancient town of Chenoboskion. It is a market town for the surrounding agricultural region, and it has a sugar refinery; an aluminum plant complex opened in 1975.

potassium: Properties, occurrence, and uses: Sodium-potassium alloy (NaK) is used to a limited extent as a heat-transfer coolant in some fast-breeder nuclear reactors and experimentally in gas-turbine power plants. The alloy is also used as a catalyst or reducing agent in organic synthesis.

Raila Odinga: Political maneuvers: …coalition of several parties, the National Alliance of Kenya (NAK), to form the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) under the leadership of former vice president Mwai Kibaki, himself a Kikuyu. Although terms of agreement between the LDP and NAK were not completely revealed to the public, the two parties reportedly promised…

chronology: Japanese: Naka Michiyo (late 19th century) argued with minute detail about the question of Japanese chronology. His ideas were supplemented by those of other Japanese scholars, who pointed out that: (1) the reigns of the earlier Japanese emperors as stated in the Nihon shoki are unnaturally…

Shintō: Nature of humanity and other beliefs: …finite individuals, Shintōists also stress naka-ima (“middle present”), which repeatedly appears in the Imperial edicts of the 8th century. According to this point of view, the present moment is the very centre in the middle of all conceivable times. In order to participate directly in the eternal development of the…

Naqādah, town in Qinā muḥāfaẓah (governorate), in Upper Egypt. It lies on the west bank of the Nile River, in the great bend of the river, opposite Qūṣ. One of the oldest regions of Egypt, it is the site of a Neolithic town and burial grounds of the Predynastic period (before c. 2925 bce). It was

Nakae Chōmin was a noted writer who popularized the equalitarian doctrines of the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Japan. As a result, Nakae is often considered the spiritual founder of the Japanese democratic movement. Early interested in Western learning, Nakae studied French and Dutch

Nakae Tōju was a neo-Confucian scholar who established in Japan the idealist thought of the Chinese philosopher Wang Yangming. Nakae was originally a follower of the teachings of the Chinese neo-Confucian Rationalist Zhu Xi, whose doctrines had become a part of the official ideology of the Japanese

Nakae Tōju was a neo-Confucian scholar who established in Japan the idealist thought of the Chinese philosopher Wang Yangming. Nakae was originally a follower of the teachings of the Chinese neo-Confucian Rationalist Zhu Xi, whose doctrines had become a part of the official ideology of the Japanese

Nakae Chōmin was a noted writer who popularized the equalitarian doctrines of the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Japan. As a result, Nakae is often considered the spiritual founder of the Japanese democratic movement. Early interested in Western learning, Nakae studied French and Dutch

Nakagami Kenji was a prolific Japanese novelist whose writing was deeply influenced by his upbringing in a burakumin family. Nakagami was a rarity among modern Japanese writers in that he was not a college graduate, nor could he be described as an intellectual. Even more striking was his

Kurokawa Kishō: …in buildings such as the Nakagin Capsule Tower (1970–72) in Tokyo and the Sony Tower (1972–76) in Ōsaka. In the Capsule Tower, detachable spaces intended to be apartments or studios were installed on a concrete core, allowing the building to adapt to its changing needs.

Hokusai: Early years.: …a prestigious artisan family named Nakajima but was never accepted as an heir—possibly supporting the theory that, though the true son of Nakajima, he had been born of a concubine.

Godzilla: Godzilla was played by actor Nakajima Haru, who wore a monster suit weighing 200 pounds (90 kg). Godzilla was followed by numerous sequels and was remade in the United States in 1998. The original film was released in North America in 2004, winning praise from critics who had never seen…

Takamura Kōun was a Japanese sculptor who worked to preserve the art of wood carving. Takamura studied Buddhist sculpture under Takamura Tōun, later succeeding to his master’s art and name. He had to endure poverty in order to continue making wood sculpture, since ivory was the favoured medium of

Hiroshi Nakajima was a Japanese physician and director general of the World Health Organization (WHO; 1988–98). Nakajima studied at Tokyo Medical College, where he received a doctorate in 1954. He then went to the University of Paris, where he specialized in neuropsychopharmacology, the study of

White Volta River, headstream of the Volta River in West Africa. It rises north of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, in a lowland between two massifs, and flows generally southward for about 400 miles (640 km) to empty into Lake Volta in Ghana, a large artificial reservoir created by the Volta River

Hitachinaka, city, eastern Ibaraki ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan. It extends eastward from the Naka River to the Pacific Ocean, just east of Mito, the prefectural capital. The city was formed in 1994 by the merger of the former city of Katsuta with the smaller Nakaminato. For several

Nakamura Nakazō I was a Japanese kabuki actor who introduced male roles into the kabuki theatre’s dance pieces (shosagoto), which had been traditionally reserved for female impersonators. Nakamura was left an orphan and adopted at the age of five by the music master Nakamura Kojūrō and by O-Shun, a

Nakamura Nakazo III was a Kabuki actor who specialized in playing villains. He was the son of a female dancer of the Shigayama school and began his career performing at the Nakamura-za (Nakamura Theatre). His 1853 performance of Komori Yasu in Yowa nasake ukina no yokogushi was so widely acclaimed

Nakamura Utaemon, notable line of actors in the kabuki theatre of Japan. Nakamura Utaemon I (b. 1714—d. Nov. 23, 1791, Ōsaka, Japan) became well known for his performance of villains’ roles. His student Utaemon II (who, as is customary in Japanese tradition, assumed the name as well as the role of

Nakamura Utaemon: Nakamura Utaemon I (b. 1714—d. Nov. 23, 1791, Ōsaka, Japan) became well known for his performance of villains’ roles. His student Utaemon II (who, as is customary in Japanese tradition, assumed the name as well as the role of his master) later discarded that name,…

Nakamura Utaemon: His student Utaemon II (who, as is customary in Japanese tradition, assumed the name as well as the role of his master) later discarded that name, but Utaemon I’s son (b. March 31, 1778—d. Sept. 12, 1838, Ōsaka) assumed the name Utaemon III a few years after…

Nakamura Utaemon: …1838, Ōsaka) assumed the name Utaemon III a few years after his father’s death. An extremely versatile player who was a talented dancer and who could brilliantly perform the entire spectrum of male and onnagata (female impersonator) roles, Utaemon III became one of the most famous kabuki actors of his…

Nakamura Utaemon: His student and successor, Utaemon IV (b. 1798, Edo [now Tokyo]—d. March 8, 1852, Ōsaka), also showed remarkable versatility and was well known in his time.

Nakamura Utaemon: Utaemon V (b. Feb. 12, 1866, Edo—d. Sept. 12, 1940, Tokyo) became a leading actor in onnagata roles during the Meiji period and worked to ensure the artistic continuity of the kabuki theatre, which was threatened during that period of intense westernization. He also performed…

Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-born American materials scientist who was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). He shared the prize with Japanese materials scientists Akasaki Isamu and Amano Hiroshi. Nakamura received bachelor’s (1977) and master’s

anthropology: Anthropology in Asia: Nakane Chie of the University of Tokyo, trained after the war, has long been the best-known Japanese anthropologist outside Japan. Noteworthy in part as one of very few women of her generation in Japan to become a professor at a major Japanese university, Nakane was…

Tenji was the 38th emperor of Japan, from 668 to 672, and the ruler who freed the Japanese court from the domination of the Soga family. Tenji implemented a series of reforms that strengthened the central government in accord with the Chinese model and restored power to the emperor. The Soga family

Ōsaka-Kōbe metropolitan area: Street patterns: Nakanoshima, an island formed by arms of the Yodo River, contains City Hall, the Central Civic Hall, the Bank of Japan, and the headquarters of the Asahi Press and several large businesses. Until World War II the traditional commercial centres were Semba and Shimanouchi streets,…

Shōkadō Shōjō was a Japanese calligrapher and painter, one of the “three brushes” of the Kan-ei era. He was a priest and respected theologian of the Shingon sect of Buddhism, who declined high office and retired to the Takinomoto-bō, a small temple on the slope of Otoko-yama (Mt. Otoko) south of

Nōami was a Japanese poet, painter, and art critic, the first nonpriest who painted in the suiboku (“water-ink”), or Chinese, style. Nōami was in charge of the art collection of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the military dictator who ruled Japan from 1368 to 1394, and was perhaps the first great art expert

Nakasone Yasuhiro was a Japanese politician who was leader of the Liberal-Democratic Party (LDP; 1982–89) and prime minister of Japan (1982–87). The son of a wealthy lumber dealer, Nakasone graduated (1941) from Tokyo Imperial University (now University of Tokyo) and served as a lieutenant in the

Japanese art: Asuka period: …were the Soga, Mononobe, and Nakatomi. Each of the clans was tied to the imperial line by providing wives for the emperors. They also provided increasingly specialized hereditary services to the court; for example, the Mononobe were warriors, the Soga tax administrators, and the Nakatomi masters of religious ritual.

Fujiwara Kamatari was the founder of the great Fujiwara family that dominated Japan from the 9th to the 12th centuries. In the early 7th century the powerful Soga family totally dominated the Japanese Imperial court. In 645, however, along with an Imperial prince who later reigned as the emperor

Nakatsu, city, Ōita ken (prefecture), northern Kyushu, Japan. It lies along the mouth of the Yamakuni River facing the Inland Sea. The city developed around a castle built in 1587 by the Kuroda daimyo family. Industrial development began with the introduction of textile manufacturing in 1896.

Shintō: Early clan religion and ceremonies: …kami’s world), Middle Land (Nakatsukuni, the present world), and the Hades (Yomi no Kuni, the world after death) were arranged in vertical order. The other view was a two-dimensional one in which this world and the Perpetual Country (Tokoyo, a utopian place far beyond the sea) existed in horizontal…

Nakauchi Isao was a Japanese businessman who, as the founder (1947) of the retail chain Daiei, changed the relationship between manufacturers and retailers through his pioneering development of private-brand products. Nakauchi opened his first Daiei Housewives Store, a drugstore, in the town of

Shintō: Formation of Sect Shintō: …“divine reason or wisdom”) by Nakayama Miki (1798–1887)—were based mostly on individual religious experiences and aimed at healing diseases or spiritual salvation. These sectarian Shintō groups, numbering 13 during the Meiji period (1868–1912), were stimulated and influenced by Restoration Shintō. They can be classified as follows:

Instruction of Catherine the Great, (Aug. 10 [July 30, old style], 1767), in Russian history, document prepared by Empress Catherine II that recommended liberal, humanitarian political theories for use as the basis of government reform and the formulation of a new legal code. The Instruction was

1948 Arab-Israeli War, an existential war fought between Israel and Arab forces from Egypt, Transjordan (Jordan), Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon. The war formally began on May 15, 1948, and ended on July 20, 1949, although it followed a civil war that began after the passage of United Nations partition

Nakbe, archaeological site in the dense tropical forest of northern Guatemala, thought to be one of the earliest ceremonial centres of Mayan culture. Nakbe was first identified by aerial photographs taken in 1930 and first studied (and named) by archaeologist Ian Graham in 1962. Systematic

Nakdong River, river, in the Yeongnam area of the provinces (do) of North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang, southeastern South Korea. Korea’s second longest river (325 miles [523 km]), it flows generally southward from the Taebaek Mountains and enters the Korea Strait at Dadaepo, a suburb of Busan.

Talking Heads: …Heads’ final album was 1988’s Naked. The group then ceased to exist, its farewell unannounced.

David Sedaris: Naked (1997) included a portrait of his wisecracking perspicacious mother. In Me Talk Pretty One Day (2000), Sedaris anatomized failed attempts at communication. In 2001 he was awarded the Thurber Prize for American Humor.

Mike Leigh: It was followed by Naked (1993), a stark portrait of a disaffected loner that earned Leigh the best director prize at the Cannes film festival.

The Naked and the Dead, novel by Norman Mailer, published in 1948 and hailed as one of the finest American novels to come out of World War II. The story concerns a platoon of 13 American soldiers who are stationed on the Japanese-held island of Anopopei in the Pacific. With almost journalistic

Raoul Walsh: Last films: …his most-daunting literary source with The Naked and the Dead (1958), adapted from Norman Mailer’s novel about a platoon of American soldiers trying to capture a Pacific island during World War II.

free-tailed bat: Except for the naked, or hairless, bat (Cheiromeles torquatus), which is almost hairless, they have short, velvety, usually dark fur.

naked mole rat, (Heterocephalus glaber), burrowing member of the rodent family Bathyergidae, named for its wrinkled pinkish skin and hairless bodily appearance. Their broad heads contain strong, muscular jaws that support four incisor teeth that are used for digging. They are renowned for their

Jamie Oliver: …to host his first series, The Naked Chef, in which he demonstrated how to simplify food preparation by using basic ingredients and cooking techniques.

Jon Voight: …on such television shows as Naked City, The Defenders, Coronet Blue, and Gunsmoke. Voight’s first film appearance was in the title role of the low-budget Fearless Frank (1967), and he had a small part in John Sturges’s Hour of the Gun (1967) before he was cast in the

Weegee: In 1945 Naked City, the first of Weegee’s five books, was published; the title and film rights were later sold to a Hollywood producer.

Jules Dassin: Early work: …and even more influential, was The Naked City (1948), a quasi-documentary police procedural filmed in New York City and starring Barry Fitzgerald and Howard Duff; it would be imitated dozens of times over the next 10 years, both in the cinema and on television. For Twentieth Century-Fox, Dassin next directed…

vaccine: Vaccine types: Another approach, called naked DNA therapy, involves injecting DNA that encodes a foreign protein into muscle cells. The cells produce the foreign antigen, which stimulates an immune response.

“Weird Al” Yankovic: Career: …in the films Tapeheads and The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! In 1989 he cowrote and starred in UHF, a comedy film about a television station manager who scores big ratings with wacky programming ideas.

Weegee: …was published in 1953 as Naked Hollywood. By the time he returned to New York City, his most enduring work had been done. Upon his return he embarked on a series of photo distortions, but these caricatures of famous persons were not well-received. In 1961 his autobiography, Weegee by Weegee,…

Nora Roberts: …book in the genre was Naked in Death. Extremely prolific, Roberts follows a very disciplined schedule of writing up to eight hours, five days per week. She has sometimes finished a dozen publications annually; in 2012 she released her 200th book, The Witness. Roberts’s novels have been translated into more…

Byron Haskin: …the South Seas, and in The Naked Jungle (1954), starring Charlton Heston and Eleanor Parker and also produced by Pal, a cocoa plantation in the Amazon rainforest is threatened by an immense infestation of ants. After making Long John Silver (1954), an Australian sequel to Haskin’s Treasure Island, Haskin and…

Samuel Fuller: Films of the 1960s and ’70s: The Naked Kiss was even more shocking, centred on a former prostitute (Constance Towers) who tries to attain respectability by moving to a quiet town but learns that her new boyfriend (Anthony Eisley) is a child molester. The opening scene, shot mostly in handheld point-of-view…

David Cronenberg: Rabid, The Fly, and Crash: Burroughs’s avant-garde novel Naked Lunch, he wrote and directed a surreal 1991 film of the same name that was based on the novel as well as on Burroughs’s life. With the romantic drama M. Butterfly (1993), starring Irons and set primarily in 1960s Beijing, Cronenberg brought to the…

Naked Lunch, seminal novel by American experimental writer William S. Burroughs. Excerpts from Naked Lunch first appeared in the magazine Chicago Review in 1958. When an issue of the magazine containing further excerpts was withdrawn from publication in 1959, a new literary magazine, Big Table,

The Naked Maja, oil painting created about 1795–1800 by influential Spanish artist Francisco Goya. This famously controversial painting, known in Spanish as La maja desnuda, is considered one of the artist’s masterpieces. It is likely that Goya painted The Naked Maja for Manuel de Godoy, nobleman

man orchid: The naked man orchid (O. italica), sometimes called Italian orchid, is native to the Mediterranean region. The pink, purple, or white flowers are densely clustered on a single thick stalk and resemble a hatted naked man. The petals and sepals that constitute the “hat” are often…

naked mole rat, (Heterocephalus glaber), burrowing member of the rodent family Bathyergidae, named for its wrinkled pinkish skin and hairless bodily appearance. Their broad heads contain strong, muscular jaws that support four incisor teeth that are used for digging. They are renowned for their

Nuruddin Farah: In his next novel, A Naked Needle (1976), Farah used a slight tale of interracial and cross-cultural love to reveal a lurid picture of postrevolutionary Somali life in the mid-1970s. He next wrote a trilogy—Sweet and Sour Milk (1979), Sardines (1981), and Close Sesame (1983)—about life under a particularly…

film: Lighting: …Ingmar Bergman’s Gycklarnas afton (1953; Sawdust and Tinsel, also called The Naked Night). Lighting an actor from above gives the face a spiritual effect; from below, an uncanny or evil appearance. Front lighting blurs faults but takes away character; side lighting gives relief and solidity but may show wrinkles and…

The Naked Prey, American adventure film, released in 1966, that Cornel Wilde starred in, directed, and produced. The film was inspired by the experiences of explorer John Colter, who was pursued by Blackfoot warriors through the American frontier in the early 1800s. The film is set in colonial