Zaporizhzhya, city, southeastern Ukraine, on the Dnieper River just below its former rapids. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhya oblast (province). In 1770 the fortress of Oleksandrivsk was established to ensure government control over the Zaporozhian Cossacks, whose headquarters were

Oleksandriya, city, south-central Ukraine, on the Inhulets River. Founded as Usivka in the early 18th century, it was renamed Becheyu (also Becha, or Bechka) in the 1750s, Oleksandriysk in 1784, and Oleksandriya shortly thereafter. The nearby lignite (brown coal) field was used beginning in the

Oleksandriya, city, south-central Ukraine, on the Inhulets River. Founded as Usivka in the early 18th century, it was renamed Becheyu (also Becha, or Bechka) in the 1750s, Oleksandriysk in 1784, and Oleksandriya shortly thereafter. The nearby lignite (brown coal) field was used beginning in the

Clara Hughes: Speed skating: …medal total was surpassed by Penny Oleksiak in 2021.

Torez, city, southeastern Ukraine. The settlement was established as Oleksiyivka by runaway serfs in the 1770s and expanded with the growth of coal mining in the 1860s. In 1867 it was renamed Chystyakove; in 1964 it became Torez in honour of the recently deceased French Communist Party leader

Zoroastrianism: Sources: …India and the treatise entitled ʿOlemā-ye Islām (“The Doctors of Islam”), with decidedly Zurvanite tendencies.

Olenyok River, river rising on the southern slopes of the Bukochan Ridge on the Central Siberian Plateau and flowing mainly through Sakha (Yakutiya), east-central Russia. The total length of the river is 1,424 miles (2,292 km), and it has a drainage basin of 84,500 square miles (219,000 square km).

Olenyok River, river rising on the southern slopes of the Bukochan Ridge on the Central Siberian Plateau and flowing mainly through Sakha (Yakutiya), east-central Russia. The total length of the river is 1,424 miles (2,292 km), and it has a drainage basin of 84,500 square miles (219,000 square km).

Olenekian Stage, upper of two divisions of the Lower Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Olenekian time (251.2 million to 247.2 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The stage name is derived from the Olenyok, or Olenek, River of Siberia. The stratotype for the

Olenellus, genus of trilobites (extinct arthropods) common in but restricted to Early Cambrian rocks (542 million to 521 million years ago) and thus a useful guide fossil for the Early Cambrian. Olenellus had a well-developed head, large and crescentic eyes, and a poorly developed, small

Viktor Mikhaylovich Chernov was a founder of the Russian Social Revolutionary Party in 1902, who spent much of his life in exile but was briefly a minister in provisional governments in Russia (May 5–Sept. 1, 1917). A revolutionist from 1893, Chernov became a member of his party’s central

Olenyok River, river rising on the southern slopes of the Bukochan Ridge on the Central Siberian Plateau and flowing mainly through Sakha (Yakutiya), east-central Russia. The total length of the river is 1,424 miles (2,292 km), and it has a drainage basin of 84,500 square miles (219,000 square km).

oleograph, colour lithograph produced by preparing a separate stone by hand for each colour to be used and printing one colour in register over another. The term is most often used in reference to commercial prints. Sometimes as many as 30 stones were used for a single print. The technique was

naval stores: …stores are derived from the oleoresin, a fluid commonly called crude turpentine, that exudes from incisions made in the living trees. Wood naval stores are obtained by the chemical processing of deadwood.

horticulture: …plants for food (pomology and olericulture) and plants for ornament (floriculture and landscape horticulture). Pomology deals with fruit and nut crops. Olericulture deals with herbaceous plants for the kitchen, including, for example, carrots (edible root), asparagus (edible stem), lettuce (edible leaf), cauliflower (edible

Oléron Island, island in the Bay of Biscay, forming part of the Charente-Maritime département, Poitou-Charentes région of France. It is located off the coast of France, south of La Rochelle and north of the Gironde Estuary. Oléron is the second largest French island (after Corsica), with an area of

Moustiers faience: …Moustiers factory was that of Joseph Olerys, founded in 1738 and active until c. 1793. Olerys introduced polychrome decoration, producing faience in the Bérain style painted in purple, soft green, and orange as well as blue. Other polychrome faience wares produced by this factory were decorated with such designs as…

Yury Karlovich Olesha was a Russian prose writer and playwright whose works address the conflict between old and new mentalities in the early years of the Soviet Union. Olesha was born into the family of a minor official. He lived in Odessa from childhood, eventually studying for two years at

Zbigniew Oleśnicki was a Polish statesman and cardinal who was chief councillor to King Władysław II and regent of Poland (1434–47). A member of the Polish noble house of Dębno of Oleśnica, he became the leading member of the royal Privy Council after he saved the king’s life at the Battle of

olethreutid moth, (subfamily Olethreutinae), any of a group of moths in the family Tortricidae (order Lepidoptera) that contains several species with economically destructive larvae. The pale caterpillars roll or tie leaves and feed on foliage, fruits, or nuts. Some examples include Cydia

olethreutid moth, (subfamily Olethreutinae), any of a group of moths in the family Tortricidae (order Lepidoptera) that contains several species with economically destructive larvae. The pale caterpillars roll or tie leaves and feed on foliage, fruits, or nuts. Some examples include Cydia

Heidelberg Catechism: …written in 1562 primarily by Caspar Olevianus, the superintendent of the Palatinate church, and Zacharias Ursinus, a professor of the theological faculty of the University of Heidelberg. It was accepted at the annual synod of the Palatinate church in 1563.

Ethiopia: Challenges to the regime: …southern Ethiopia, where the long-dormant Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) became active. By May 1991, with EPRDF forces controlling Tigray, Welo, Gonder, Gojam, and about half of Shewa, it was obvious that the army did not have sufficient morale, manpower, weapons, munitions, and leadership to stop the rebels’ advance on Addis…

smell, the detection and identification by sensory organs of airborne chemicals. The concept of smell, as it applies to humans, becomes less distinct when invertebrates and lower vertebrates (fish and amphibians) are considered, because many lower animals detect chemicals in the environment by

olfactory bulb, structure located in the forebrain of vertebrates that receives neural input about odours detected by cells in the nasal cavity. The axons of olfactory receptor (smell receptor) cells extend directly into the highly organized olfactory bulb, where information about odours is

chemoreception: Fish: …on accessory cells in the olfactory epithelium. In contrast, in rockfish and some other benthic fish, the volume changes produced in the mouth by respiratory movements compress and expand accessory chambers that are associated with the olfactory epithelium, causing water to move into and out of the nasal cavity. The…

human nervous system: Olfactory nerve (CN I or 1): Bipolar cells in the nasal mucosa give rise to axons that enter the cranial cavity through foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. These cells and their axons, totaling about 20 to 24 in number, make up…

nasal tumour: Olfactory neuroblastoma is a highly malignant tumour that originates in the olfactory (smell) receptor cells, located in the upper rear portion of the nose. This tumour is one of the few that can generally be obliterated with radiation treatment.

nose: …respiratory tract and contains the olfactory organ. It provides air for respiration, serves the sense of smell, conditions the air by filtering, warming, and moistening it, and cleans itself of foreign debris extracted from inhalations.

olfactory receptor, protein capable of binding odour molecules that plays a central role in the sense of smell (olfaction). These receptors are common to arthropods, terrestrial vertebrates, fish, and other animals. In terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, the receptors are located on

smell, the detection and identification by sensory organs of airborne chemicals. The concept of smell, as it applies to humans, becomes less distinct when invertebrates and lower vertebrates (fish and amphibians) are considered, because many lower animals detect chemicals in the environment by

olfactory system, the bodily structures that serve the sense of smell. The system consists of the nose and the nasal cavities, which in their upper parts support the olfactory mucous membrane for the perception of smell and in their lower parts act as respiratory passages. The bony framework of the

Langjökull: …rivers, including the Hvítá and Ölfusá. Haga Lake (Hagavatn) is at the foot of the glacier.

For someone who needed a teammate’s misfortune to even make the team in 1972, tiny Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut had little trouble snagging the sport’s spotlight and endearing herself to millions. Korbut, 4 feet 11 inches (1.5 metres) tall and 85 pounds (38 kilograms), qualified as an alternate, but

Olgas, group of tors (isolated weathered rocks) in southwestern Northern Territory, Australia. The Olgas are a circular grouping of some 36 red conglomerate domes rising from the desert plains north of the Musgrave Ranges. They occupy an area of 11 square miles (28 square km) within Uluru–Kata

Olgas: …National Park) and culminate at Mount Olga, 1,500 feet (460 metres) above the plain and 3,507 feet above sea level. Mount Olga is the most westerly of Australia’s three giant tors; the others are Uluru/Ayers Rock and Mount Conner (Artilla). They were visited and named in 1872 after Queen Olga…

St. Olga ; feast day July 11) was the princess who was the first recorded female ruler of the Rus and the first member of the ruling family of Kyivan Rus to adopt Christianity. She was canonized as the first Kyivan saint of the Orthodox Church and is the patron saint of widows and converts. Olga

Olgas, group of tors (isolated weathered rocks) in southwestern Northern Territory, Australia. The Olgas are a circular grouping of some 36 red conglomerate domes rising from the desert plains north of the Musgrave Ranges. They occupy an area of 11 square miles (28 square km) within Uluru–Kata

Algirdas was the grand duke of Lithuania from 1345 to 1377, who made Lithuania one of the largest European states of his day. His son Jogaila became Władysław II Jagiełło, king of united Poland and Lithuania. Algirdas was one of the sons of the country’s ruler, Gediminas, and he began his long

Jainism: Festivals: …is the Shvetambara fasting ceremony, oli, which is celebrated for nine days twice a year (in March–April and September–October) and which corresponds to the mythical celestial worship of the images of the Tirthankaras. The most significant time of the Jain ritual year, however, is the four-month period, generally running from…

Nepal: Federal republic: In mid-October parliament elected Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli as prime minister, succeeding Koirala, and at the end of the month the legislators chose a woman, Bidhya Devi Bhandari, as the country’s new president. Oli resigned in July 2016, after his government coalition collapsed and before he was to face…

Páros: …is the once-attached island of Andíparos (Antiparos), the ancient Oliarus, whose limestone cavern is a tourist attraction. Pop. (2001) town, 4,463; municipality, 12,514; (2011) town, 4,326; municipality 13,715.

frankincense, aromatic gum resin containing a volatile oil that is used in incense and perfumes. Frankincense was valued in ancient times in worship and as a medicine and is still an important incense resin, particularly in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. The resin is also used in

conquistador: …by Pedro de Alvarado and Cristóbal de Olid, respectively, were sent to Mayan Guatemala and the Gulf of Honduras.

Jean-Jacques Olier was the founder of the Sulpicians, a group of secular priests dedicated to training candidates for the priesthood. Ordained a priest in 1633, Olier soon came under the influence of St. Vincent de Paul, founder of a congregation of missionaries known as Lazarists. In 1641 Olier

oligarchy, government by the few, especially despotic power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes. Oligarchies in which members of the ruling group are wealthy or exercise their power through their wealth are known as plutocracies. Read about the rise of the

iron law of oligarchy, sociological thesis according to which all organizations, including those committed to democratic ideals and practices, will inevitably succumb to rule by an elite few (an oligarchy). The iron law of oligarchy contends that organizational democracy is an oxymoron. Although

oligonucleotide, a short chain of nucleotides (nitrogen-containing units linked to a sugar and a phosphate group) that consist of either single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA. Oligonucleotides originally were used almost exclusively in laboratory research, being synthesized and used generally as

arthritis: Spondyloarthropathies: Patients typically develop acute oligoarthritis (two to four joints affected) of the lower extremities within weeks of gastrointestinal infection or of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease. Reiter arthritis is not considered an infectious arthritis, because the joint space is actually free of bacteria. Instead, an infection outside the joint…

Oligocene Epoch, third and last major worldwide division of the Paleogene Period (65.5 million to 23 million years ago), spanning the interval between 33.9 million to 23 million years ago. The Oligocene Epoch is subdivided into two ages and their corresponding rock stages: the Rupelian and the

oligochaete, any worm of the subclass Oligochaeta (class Clitellata, phylum Annelida). About 3,500 living species are known, the most familiar of which is the earthworm (q.v.), Lumbricus terrestris. Oligochaetes are common all over the world. They live in the sea, in fresh water, and in moist soil.

oligochaete, any worm of the subclass Oligochaeta (class Clitellata, phylum Annelida). About 3,500 living species are known, the most familiar of which is the earthworm (q.v.), Lumbricus terrestris. Oligochaetes are common all over the world. They live in the sea, in fresh water, and in moist soil.

oligoclase, the most common variety of the feldspar mineral plagioclase

oligodendrocyte, a type of neuroglia found in the central nervous system of invertebrates and vertebrates that functions to produce myelin, an insulating sheath on the axons of nerve fibres. Oligodendrocytes are subdivided into interfascicular and perineuronal types and have few cytoplasmic fibrils

glioma: …optic nerve in the brain; oligodendroglial tumours, which originate with oligodendrocytes, a type of neuroglia that produces myelin (the insulating sheath on the axons of nerves); and ependymomas, which originate with ependymal cells, a type of neuroglia that lines the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord. Glioblastoma

kukri snake, (genus Oligodon), any of 50 to 60 species of snakes of the family Colubridae. The snakes are named for their enlarged hind teeth, which are broad and curved like the Gurkha sword of the same name. They occur in East and South Asia. All kukri snakes are egg layers, and most are less

plant breeding: Qualitative characters: The easiest characters, or traits, to deal with are those involving discontinuous, or qualitative, differences that are governed by one or a few major genes. Many such inherited differences exist, and they frequently have profound effects on plant value and utilization. Examples are…

pregnancy: Oligohydramnios: True oligohydramnios, a deficiency in amniotic fluid, is a rare condition of unknown cause. It is seen more often in pregnancies that have extended beyond the projected time of delivery. If it occurs early in pregnancy, there are usually firm adhesions between the membranes…

oligomenorrhea, prolonged intervals between menstrual cycles. Menstruation is the normal cyclic bleeding from the female reproductive tract. Most women of reproductive age menstruate every 25 to 30 days if they are not pregnant, nursing a child, or experiencing other disorders such as tumours,

oligomenorrhea, prolonged intervals between menstrual cycles. Menstruation is the normal cyclic bleeding from the female reproductive tract. Most women of reproductive age menstruate every 25 to 30 days if they are not pregnant, nursing a child, or experiencing other disorders such as tumours,

oligonucleotide, a short chain of nucleotides (nitrogen-containing units linked to a sugar and a phosphate group) that consist of either single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA. Oligonucleotides originally were used almost exclusively in laboratory research, being synthesized and used generally as

major industrial polymers: Epoxies (epoxy resins): …prepolymers as these are called oligomers. Depending on their average chain length, the prepolymers vary from dense liquids to solids.

sedimentary rock: Clast-supported conglomerates: …contain lenses and bands of oligomictic orthoconglomerate, composed mainly (95 percent or more) of stable, resistant, coarse clasts of vein quartz, quartzite, quartz sandstone, and chert. Such deposits are typically generated in the upper reaches of winter storm beaches where strong surf can sift, winnow, and abrade coarse pebbles and…

oligonucleotide, a short chain of nucleotides (nitrogen-containing units linked to a sugar and a phosphate group) that consist of either single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA. Oligonucleotides originally were used almost exclusively in laboratory research, being synthesized and used generally as

proteolytic enzyme: The term oligopeptidase is reserved for those enzymes that act specifically on peptides.

oligopoly, market situation in which each of a few producers affects but does not control the market. Each producer must consider the effect of a price change on the actions of the other producers. A cut in price by one may lead to an equal reduction by the others, with the result that each firm

rice rat: …small rice rats (Microryzomys), and pygmy rice rats (Oligoryzomys), among others. All belong to the subfamily Sigmodontinae of the “true” mouse and rat family Muridae within the order Rodentia.

hantavirus: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: …the Choclo virus (carried by Oligoryzomys fulvescens, another pygmy rice rat).

hantavirus: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: …the Andes virus (carried by Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, a species of pygmy rice rat); and Central America, caused by the Choclo virus (carried by Oligoryzomys fulvescens, another pygmy rice rat).

oligosaccharide, any carbohydrate of from three to six units of simple sugars (monosaccharides). A large number of oligosaccharides have been prepared by partially breaking down more complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides). plants Most of the few naturally occurring oligosaccharides are found in

infertility: Abnormalities of sperm production: …is generally referred to as oligospermia. In some cases, male infertility is caused by complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, a condition known as azoospermia. This condition can be caused by an obstruction of the genital tract, by testicular dysfunction associated with congenital disorders such as sickle cell disease,…

oligotrich, any spherical to pear-shaped protozoan of the ciliate order Oligotrichida, found in fresh, salt, and brackish water. Body cilia (minute, hairlike projections), when present, are often fused into groups of bristles, or cirri. The oligotrichs have conspicuous adoral (on margin of groove

oligotrich, any spherical to pear-shaped protozoan of the ciliate order Oligotrichida, found in fresh, salt, and brackish water. Body cilia (minute, hairlike projections), when present, are often fused into groups of bristles, or cirri. The oligotrichs have conspicuous adoral (on margin of groove

bacteria: Autotrophic metabolism: …oxidized to carbon dioxide by Oligotropha carboxidovorans, and hydrogen gas (H2) is oxidized by Alcaligenes eutrophus and, to a lesser degree, by many other bacteria.

inland water ecosystem: Biological productivity: Oligotrophic lakes are those that are unproductive: net primary production is only between 50 and 100 milligrams of carbon per square metre per day, nutrients are in poor supply, and secondary production is depressed. Eutrophic lakes, on the other hand, are productive: net primary production…

renal system disease: Acute renal failure: …low output of urine (oliguria) and the third by an increasing urine output (polyuria). The onset phase is dominated by general illness, in which the episode of acute renal failure arises; at this stage there may be evidence of threatened renal damage such as blood in the urine or…

Mount Olympus, mountain peak, the highest (9,570 feet [2,917 metres]) in Greece. It is part of the Olympus massif near the Gulf of Thérmai (Modern Greek: Thermaïkós) of the Aegean Sea and lies astride the border between Macedonia (Makedonía) and Thessaly (Thessalía). It is also designated as Upper

Olympic Airlines, Greek airline, formerly known as Olympic Airways, founded on April 6, 1957, by the Greek shipowner Aristotle Onassis (1906?–75) but, from 1975, wholly owned by the Greek government. Services from Greece into western Europe began in 1957, and by 1980 services extended throughout

Vincenzo Scamozzi: He completed Palladio’s Teatro Olimpico in 1585, adding to it the model streets behind the doorways of the frons scaenae; these streets were constructed of timber and plaster on a raking stage and arranged so that each member of the audience could see into at least one of…

Vincenzo Scamozzi: He completed Palladio’s Teatro Olimpico in 1585, adding to it the model streets behind the doorways of the frons scaenae; these streets were constructed of timber and plaster on a raking stage and arranged so that each member of the audience could see into at least one of…

Olinda, city, eastern Pernambuco estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It is located atop a low hill on the Atlantic coast, immediately north of Recife, the state capital. Olinda was founded by the Portuguese Duarte Coelho Pereira as the colonial capital of Pernambuco captaincy in 1537. By 1600 its

olingo, (genus Bassaricyon), any of six species of small arboreal carnivores of the raccoon family, Procyonidae, found in the jungles of Central and northern South America. Olingos are slender, grayish brown animals 35–50 cm (14–20 inches) long, excluding the bushy, faintly ringed tail, which

olingo: The olinguito (Bassaricyon neblina), first described in 2013, can be distinguished from other olingos by its habitat and appearance. Olinguitos are residents of the cloud forests of Colombia and Ecuador and make their homes at altitudes between 1,530 and 2,740 metres (approximately 5,000 and 9,000 feet),…

Myrtales: Family distributions and abundance: Oliniaceae and Rhynchocalycaceae, consists of 9 genera with 29 species and is restricted to Africa. The genus Olinia, found in eastern and southern Africa and on the island of St. Helena, has 5 species. Penae and the 7 other small genera have a total of…

Olynthus, ancient Greek city situated on the Chalcidice Peninsula of northwestern Greece. It lay about 1.5 miles (2.5 km) inland from the Gulf of Torone of the Aegean Sea. A Thracian people called the Bottiaeans inhabited Olynthus until 479 bce, when Persian forces killed them and handed the town

burlesque show: …by baggy-pants comics; second, the olio, an assortment of variety acts—e.g., acrobats, magicians, and instrumental and vocal soloists; third, chorus numbers and occasionally a take-off, or burlesque, on politics or a current play. The usual finale was a performance by an exotic dancer or a wrestling or boxing match. Burlesque…

horn: …often richly carved, were called oliphants. The oxhorns of medieval huntsmen and watchmen sounded but one or two notes of the natural harmonic series—i.e., the notes produced on a horn or trumpet without finger holes or valves, caused by the air column vibrating in fractional segments (as for the fundamental…

Native American: Developments in the late 20th and early 21st centuries: In Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978), the U.S. Supreme Court determined that tribes do not have the authority to prosecute non-Indigenous individuals, even when such individuals commit crimes on tribal land. This decision was clearly a blow to tribal sovereignty, and some reservations literally closed…

Carolina Nairne, Baroness Nairne was a Scottish songwriter and laureate of Jacobitism, who wrote “Charlie Is My Darling,” “The Hundred Pipers,” “The Land o’ the Leal,” and “Will Ye No’ Come Back Again?” The daughter of a Jacobite laird, Laurence Oliphant, who was exiled (1745–63), she followed

Laurence Oliphant was a British author, traveller, and mystic, a controversial figure whose quest to establish a Jewish state in Palestine—“fulfilling prophecy and bringing on the end of the world”—won wide support among both Jewish and Christian officials but was thought by some to be motivated

Margaret Oliphant Oliphant was a prolific Scottish novelist, historical writer, and biographer best known for her portraits of small-town life. In 1852 she married her cousin, Francis Wilson Oliphant, an artist in stained glass, and settled in London. Widowed in 1859, she began a wearisome struggle

Papua New Guinea: National politics in the 1990s: He initiated both the Organic Law on the Integrity of Political Parties and Candidates (OLIPPAC; passed in 2001)—which sought to bring stability to the notably fluid party affiliations of Papua New Guinea’s politicians—and, in 2002, a preferential voting system designed to improve parliamentary governance. Morauta cut back government services…

Lisbon, city, port, capital of Portugal, and the centre of the Lisbon metropolitan area. Located in western Portugal on the estuary of the Tagus (Tejo) River, it is the westernmost capital city in continental Europe and serves as the country’s chief port, largest city, and commercial, political,

Lisbon, city, port, capital of Portugal, and the centre of the Lisbon metropolitan area. Located in western Portugal on the estuary of the Tagus (Tejo) River, it is the westernmost capital city in continental Europe and serves as the country’s chief port, largest city, and commercial, political,

Alytus, city, southern Lithuania. It lies along the Neman (Lithuanian: Nemunas) River, 37 miles (60 km) south of Kaunas. The city dates from the 14th century. In the 20th century it developed as an industrial centre, with factories producing refrigerators, chemical products, linen, and clothing.

Jules Olitski was a Russian-born American painter generally identified with the Abstract Expressionist school known as colour field. He was one of the first to use thinned paints in a staining technique to create colour compositions of a delicate, ethereal quality. Olitski was born shortly after

olive shell: Fossils of the genus Oliva are common from the Eocene Epoch (57.8 to 36.6 million years ago) to the present. The shell, which is distinctive and easily recognizable, has a pointed apex and rapidly expands outward to the main body whorl. It is oval in shape, with a long…

olive shell: …southeastern American waters is the lettered olive (Oliva sayana), about 6 cm (2.5 inches) long. Abundant in the Indo-Pacific region is the 8-centimetre (3-inch) orange-mouthed olive (O. sericea).

olive shell: …region is the 8-centimetre (3-inch) orange-mouthed olive (O. sericea).

Rodrigo Calderón, count de Oliva was a Spanish royal favourite who enjoyed considerable authority during the ascendancy of Francisco Gómez, duque de Lerma in the reign of Philip III. Calderón was the son of an army officer. On the accession of Philip III in 1598, he attached himself to the king’s