Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ottoman Bosnia: The first of these, Omer-paša Latas, crushed a major rebellion in 1850–51 and revoked the separate status of Herzegovina. The second, Topal Osman-paša, introduced a new method of military conscription in 1865 and a completely new administrative system in 1866, dividing Bosnia into seven sanjaks and establishing a consultative…

Mafia: This code was based on omertà—i.e., the obligation never, under any circumstances, to apply for justice to the legal authorities and never to assist in any way in the detection of crimes committed against oneself or others. The right to avenge wrongs was reserved for the victims and their families,…

Mario Puzo: Puzo’s last book, Omerta, was published posthumously in 2000; he considered it, along with The Godfather and The Last Don, part of his Mafia trilogy.

Ometecuhtli, Aztec deity, “Lord of the Duality” or Lord of Life, who represented one aspect of the cosmic duality of the Aztec tradition. With his female counterpart, Omecíhuatl (“Two-Lady” or “Lady of the Duality”), Ometecuhtli resided in Omeyocan (“Two-Place” or “Double Heaven”), the 13th and

Concepción Volcano, one of two volcanic cones (the other is Madera) forming Ometepe Island in Lake Nicaragua, southwestern Nicaragua. Also known as Ometepe, it rises to 5,282 ft (1,610 m) and comprises the northern half of the island. Concepción is one of the country’s most active volcanoes and has

Ometepe Island, island in southwestern Nicaragua, the largest island in Lake Nicaragua. Ometepe actually consists of two islands joined by a narrow isthmus 2 miles (3 km) in length. Their combined area is about 107 square miles (276 square km). The larger, northern one is 12 miles (19 km) from east

Japan: The Yamato polity: …to have been muraji and omi, held only by clan leaders of powerful communities serving in the area of the Yamato court. Lower-ranking titles were awarded to leaders of smaller, distant clans who nonetheless swore allegiance. The highest officers of the emerging state were the ō-muraji and the ō-omi, the…

Mira Ceti, first variable star (apart from novae) to be discovered, lying in the southern constellation Cetus, and the prototype of a class known as long-period variables, or Mira stars. There is some evidence that ancient Babylonian astronomers noticed its variable character. In a systematic study

Australia: The premiership of Scott Morrison (2018–22): …version of the virus: the Omicron variant, which resulted in record levels of infections and raised the number of COVID-19-related deaths in Australia to more than 2,700. Nevertheless, by February it too had abated, and Morrison announced that the country was ready to enter the final phase of the return…

tear gas: or CN, and o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, or CS. CN is the principal component of the aerosol agent Mace and is widely used in riot control. It affects chiefly the eyes. CS is a stronger irritant that causes burning sensations in the respiratory tract and involuntary closing of the eyes, but its effects…

omics, any of several areas of biological study defined by the investigation of the entire complement of a specific type of biomolecule or the totality of a molecular process within an organism. In biology the word omics refers to the sum of constituents within a cell. The omics sciences share the

Omīd, first satellite orbited by Iran. Omīd (Farsi for “hope”) was launched on February 2, 2009, by a Safīr rocket from a site near Semnan. Omīd was a cube 40 cm (16 inches) on a side and had a mass of 27 kg (60 pounds). Its orbit had a perigee of 245 km (152 miles) and an apogee of 378 km (235

astrology: Nature and significance: …distinguishes astrology from the celestial omina (“omens”) that were first categorized and cataloged in ancient Mesopotamia. Originally, astrologers presupposed a geocentric universe in which the “planets” (including the Sun and Moon) revolve in orbits whose centres are at or near the centre of the Earth and in which the stars…

Isaac ben Solomon Israeli: …in Lyon under the title Omnia Isaac Opera (“All of Isaac’s Works”); the editor, however, mistakenly included the writings of other medical scholars as well. Israeli’s scientific works include standard treatises on fevers, urine, pharmacology, ophthalmology, and ailments and treatments. He wrote also on logic and psychology, showing particular insight…

mineral: Compositional variation: …type of solid solution is omission solid solution, in which a crystal contains one or more atomic sites that are not completely filled. The best-known example is exhibited by pyrrhotite (Fe1 − xS). In this mineral, each iron atom is surrounded by six neighbouring sulfur atoms. If every iron site…

Saitama: Ōmiya, formerly the prefectural capital and now the northern portion of Saitama city, and Urawa, the southern part of the new city, were roughly equal in size at the time of the merger. Both had been post towns on the Nakasendō highway between Ōsaka and…

Godarpura: The Omkareshwar temple, on the south shore of the island, contains one of the 12 great Shiva lingams (Hindu symbols); another lingam stands outside the Gauri Somnath temple. The other temples on the island are Shaivite, but there are Vaisnavite and Jain temples on the north…

Godarpura, pilgrimage centre, western Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is focused mainly on the island of Mandhata in the Narmada River, about 40 miles (65 km) southeast of Indore. The town of Omkareshwar (or Omkarji) lies adjacent to the island on the south side of the river. Godarpura has

Mozambique: Labor and taxation: The Organization of Mozambican Women (Organização da Mulher Moçambicana; OMM) was founded by Frelimo in 1973 to mobilize women around issues of interest to them. After independence many women moved to the cities to take advantage of new economic opportunities.

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Ommatidae 2 extant genera (Omma and Tetraphalerus), containing 6 species. Suborder Myxophaga Wing with base of Rs vein absent; prothorax usually with distinct notopleural suture. Family Hydroscaphidae (

insect: Eyes: …differs in brightness, all the ommatidia that form the retina receive a crude mosaic of the field of view. Unlike the image in a camera or in human eyes, the mosaic image in the compound eye is not inverted but erect. The fineness of the mosaic and, therefore, the degree…

insect: Eyes: …differs in brightness, all the ommatidia that form the retina receive a crude mosaic of the field of view. Unlike the image in a camera or in human eyes, the mosaic image in the compound eye is not inverted but erect. The fineness of the mosaic and, therefore, the degree…

Ross seal, (Ommatophoca rossi), Antarctic seal of the family Phocidae. It has a short face, very large eyes, and coarse fur that is greenish gray above with yellowish stripes on the sides and paler below. Length in both sexes is to about 2.3 metres (7.6 feet) and weight is about 150–215 kilograms

gastropod: The head: …snails the upper tentacles, or ommatophores, are invaginable (capable of being rolled in), and the eyes are borne at the tips. In freshwater basommatophorans and most prosobranchs the eyes are located at the base of the tentacles, although in such forms as Strombus the eyes are elevated onto an accessory…

Groningen: …surrounding districts known as the Ommelanden. Although Groningen acquired a dominant position in the region, the disputes persisted; the Ommelanden subscribed to the Union of Utrecht (1579) and the revolt against Spain, while the town of Groningen remained loyal to the Spanish king. After 1594 the two were united into…

ommochrome, any of a group of biological pigments (biochromes) conspicuous in the eyes of insects and crustaceans as well as in the changeable chromatophores (pigment-containing cells) in the skin of cephalopods. Ommochromes are derived from the breakdown of the amino acid tryptophan. Ommochromes,

Taoism: Other Asian religions: …of yin and yang” (ommyō-ji), a caste of diviners learned in the I Ching, Chinese astrology, and occult sciences who assumed importance at court in the Heian period (8th–12th century), probably were responsible for the introduction of Taoist practices, such as the Keng-shen (Japanese Kōshin) vigil and the observance…

Albert Murray: Murray’s first collection of essays, The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture (1970), used historical fact, literature, and music to attack false perceptions of black American life. He recorded his visit to scenes of his segregated boyhood during the 1920s in his second published work, South to…

history of publishing: Reader’s Digest magazine: …successful book digest was probably Omnibook (1938–57), each issue of which contained abridgments of several popular works of fiction and nonfiction. The digests originally carried no advertising, but after World War II they were gradually driven to it by rising costs. One of the last to capitulate was Reader’s Digest…

Jonathan Winters: …the prestigious CBS cultural series Omnibus. His unique brand of humour was then showcased on The Jonathan Winters Show (1956–57 and 1967–69), a weekly TV variety series. He recorded several Grammy Award-nominated comedy albums, and he won a Grammy for his album Crank Calls (1995).

bus, any of a class of large, self-propelled, wheeled vehicles that are designed to carry passengers, generally on a fixed route. They were developed at the beginning of the 20th century to compete with streetcars by providing greater route flexibility. The bus was a natural outgrowth of the

Ramsey Clark: …dubious catchall provision of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. At the same time, he prosecuted a huge number of draft-evasion cases—more than 1,500 in 1968 alone, the most notable of which was the prosecution of Benjamin Spock for conspiracy to encourage draft evasion.

hearts: A popular four-hand variant is omnibus hearts, in which capturing the jack of diamonds (sometimes the 10 of diamonds) counts for minus 10 points. Although four players make for an ideal game, other numbers of players are possible by removing enough cards (such as black 2s) to even out the…

telecommunications media: Radio transmission: …a broadcast radio channel, an omnidirectional antenna radiates a transmitted signal over a wide service area. In a point-to-point radio channel, a directional transmitting antenna is used to focus the wave into a narrow beam, which is directed toward a single receiver site. In either case the transmitted electromagnetic wave…

spectroscopy: Applications: …of a low level of isotropic microwave radiation by the American scientists Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson. The measured spectrum is identical to the radiation distribution expected from a blackbody, a surface that can absorb all the radiation incident on it. This

ampicillin, drug used in the treatment of various infections, including otitis media (middle ear infection), sinusitis, and acute bacterial cystitis. Ampicillin (or alpha-aminobenzylpenicillin) is a semisynthetic penicillin, one of the first such antibiotics developed. Similar in action to

creation myth: Creation by a supreme being: …is all wise and all powerful. The world comes into being because of his wisdom, and he is able to actualize the world because of his power. (2) The deity exists alone prior to the creation of the world. There is no being or thing prior to his existence. No…

philosophy of religion: God and human action: …perfection and is omnipotent and omniscient. Questions have arisen not only about the exact meaning of these claims but also about their consistency with widespread beliefs about human beings, chiefly the belief that they usually act freely and responsibly and should be held accountable for their actions. If God, being…

Benedict XIV: …Ex quo singulari (1742) and Omnium sollicitudinum (1744), he prohibited certain traditional practices that the Jesuits had allowed converts to retain in China and India. This ban set back the winning of converts in Asia and was partially reversed in 1939, when the church allowed acts of ancestor veneration, provided…

Duke of Omnium, fictional character in the Palliser novels by Anthony Trollope. The Duke figures most prominently in Can You Forgive Her? (1864–65), the first book of the series. A stuffy yet decent-minded man, he is politically ambitious and neglectful of his beautiful and spirited young wife,

omnivore, animal with wide food preferences, which can eat both plant and animal matter. Many small birds and mammals are omnivorous; deer mice and mockingbirds have diets that at different times may include a preponderance of insects or berries. Many animals generally considered carnivores are

Omo, site of paleoanthropological excavations along the southern part of the Omo River in southwestern Ethiopia; it was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980. Hominin (of human lineage) fossils unearthed there between 1967 and 1974 consist of about 200 teeth, four jaws, a partial skeleton,

Homo sapiens: The genus Homo: …up of two skulls (Omo 1 and Omo 2), were initially dated to 130 kya. In 2022, however, the results of an argon-dating analysis, which estimated the age of a layer of tuff that overlay Omo 1, suggested that the Omo 1 remains date to at least 233 kya.…

Homo sapiens: The genus Homo: …two skulls (Omo 1 and Omo 2), were initially dated to 130 kya. In 2022, however, the results of an argon-dating analysis, which estimated the age of a layer of tuff that overlay Omo 1, suggested that the Omo 1 remains date to at least 233 kya. H. sapiens spread…

Omo: Hominin (of human lineage) fossils unearthed there between 1967 and 1974 consist of about 200 teeth, four jaws, a partial skeleton, parts of two skulls, and a leg bone. The various layers have yielded remains from a broad and critical span of time in human evolution. Moreover, the geologic…

Omo River, river in southwestern Ethiopia, eastern Africa. It rises in the Ethiopian Plateau and flows southward for about 400 miles (644 km) into the northern end of Lake Rudolf; it is the lake’s only perennial affluent. The lower Omo valley is rich in wildlife and was designated a UNESCO World

Cushitic languages: …such as Konso; and the Omo-Tana group, with languages such as Somali, Rendille, and Boni.

hyoid bone: …of the larynx; and the omohyoid, which originates from the upper margin of the shoulder blade and from the suprascapular ligament.

Paleo-Siberian languages: Yukaghir: …languages related to Yukaghir are Omok and Chuvan (Chuvantsy); these were spoken south and southwest of the current Yukaghir area. Nivkh has about 1,000 speakers, roughly half of whom live in the estuary of the Amur River and the other half on Sakhalin Island.

primate: Eocene: …lemurs and lorises), and the Omomyidae (which include possible ancestors of the monkeys and apes).

collapse of the Soviet Union: The end of Soviet communism: Among the troops used were Special Purpose Police Units, known by the Russian acronym OMON, the feared “black berets” of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. These troops were under the command of Pugo, one of the coup plotters, and his deputy, Gromov, one of the signatories of the Sovetskaya Rossiya…

Viktor Pelevin: Omon Ra (1992; published in English under the same title), was a surreal exposé of the Soviet space program during the Leonid Brezhnev years. Zhizn nasekomykh (1993; The Life of Insects) was set in a decaying resort on the Black Sea. In the novel two…

Omoo, novel by Herman Melville, published in 1847 as a sequel to his novel Typee. Based on Melville’s own experiences in the South Pacific, this episodic novel, in a more comical vein than that of Typee, tells of the narrator’s participation in a mutiny on a whale ship and his subsequent wanderings

Omoo, novel by Herman Melville, published in 1847 as a sequel to his novel Typee. Based on Melville’s own experiences in the South Pacific, this episodic novel, in a more comical vein than that of Typee, tells of the narrator’s participation in a mutiny on a whale ship and his subsequent wanderings

pallium: …the Eastern churches is the omophorion, a long white silk or velvet embroidered scarf worn by bishops celebrating the holy liturgy.

Byzantine Empire: Constantine’s weak successors: …upon Constantinople, and his son, Omortag, arranged a peace with the Byzantine Empire in order to protect the western frontiers of his Bulgar empire against the pressures exerted by Frankish expansion under Charlemagne and his successors. Since the death of the fifth caliph, Hārūn ar-Rashīd, had resulted in civil war…

Tōkai region, industrial region, central Japan, extending along the Tōkaidō Line (railway) between Tokyo and Nagoya, and occupying areas of Shizuoka ken (prefecture). Tōkai is neither an administrative nor a political entity. It has close economic ties with the Chūkyō Industrial Zone. The region is

Omotic languages, family of about 40 languages spoken in western Ethiopia. Although most scholars assign them to the Afro-Asiatic language phylum, this classification is subject to ongoing debate: because their speakers were for many years very little known and reside in regions that are dominated

Ōmoto, religious movement of Japan that had a large following in the period between World War I and World War II and that served as a model for numerous other sects in that country. The teaching of Ōmoto is based on divine oracles transmitted through a peasant woman, Deguchi Nao, whose healing

Ōmoto, religious movement of Japan that had a large following in the period between World War I and World War II and that served as a model for numerous other sects in that country. The teaching of Ōmoto is based on divine oracles transmitted through a peasant woman, Deguchi Nao, whose healing

Kole Omotoso is a Nigerian novelist, playwright, and critic who writes from a Yoruba perspective and couples the folklore he learned as a child with his adult studies in Arabic and English. His major themes include interracial marriage, comic aspects of the Biafran-Nigerian conflict, and the human

pyroxene: Metamorphic rocks: Omphacite is restricted in occurrence to the high-pressure and high-temperature rocks called eclogites. Eclogites represent the most deep-seated conditions of metamorphism and are characterized by an assemblage of omphacite and magnesium-rich pyrope garnet. Omphacite-bearing eclogite nodules are associated with peridotites in the kimberlite pipes of…

Omphalea, genus of tropical shrubs or trees of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), comprising 15 species; 12 are native to the Americas, 3 to the Old World. O. triandra, the Jamaican cobnut, or pop nut, is native to the West Indies and cultivated in Europe. It grows to about 3.5 metres (11.5 feet)

Omphalea: O. diandra, native to Colombia, bears edible oily seeds that are also used as hog feed. Large hunter’s nuts from O. megacarpa are a stimulating, nutritious food popular in the West Indies.

Omphalea: Large hunter’s nuts from O. megacarpa are a stimulating, nutritious food popular in the West Indies.

Omphalea: triandra, the Jamaican cobnut, or pop nut, is native to the West Indies and cultivated in Europe. It grows to about 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) and bears yellow nuts 3.75 centimetres (1.5 inches) thick, which are edible if the poisonous embryo is removed. Juice from the fruit…

sacrifice: Time and place of sacrifice: …altars, it was called the omphalos, “the navel” of the earth—i.e., the central point from which terrestrial life originated. In Vedic India the altar was regarded as a microcosm, its parts representing the various parts of the universe and its construction being interpreted as a repetition of the creation of…

Omri, (reigned 876–869 or c. 884–c. 872 bce), king of Israel, father of Ahab, and founder of a dynasty that remained in power for some 50 years. Omri is mentioned briefly and unfavourably in the Hebrew Bible (1 Kings 16; Micah 6:16). Extrabiblical sources, however, paint a picture of a dynamic and

Omsk, city and administrative centre of Omsk oblast (region), west-central Russia, on the Irtysh River at its junction with the Om. Omsk, founded in 1716 as a stronghold at the eastern end of the Ishim fortified line between the Tobol and the Irtysh, developed as an agricultural centre and became a

Omsk, oblast (region), west central Russia, in the basin of the middle Irtysh River. Its entire surface is an extremely flat plain, with extensive marshes and peat bogs in the north and innumerable lakes, of which Lake Tenis is the largest. Many southern lakes are saline. In the north is a dense,

Ōmura, city, Nagasaki ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan, facing Ōmura-wan (Ōmura Bay), on the western slopes of Tara-dake (Mt. Tara). In the 12th century it was the residence of the Ōmura daimyo and later developed as a port and post town. It became a base for trade with Portugal and a centre of

Ōmura Masujirō was a Japanese scholar and soldier popularly regarded in Japan as the founder of the modern Japanese Army. Ōmura was the son of a physician of the Chōshū clan in Sūo Province (now Yamaguchi Prefecture). After studying Confucian ethics, at 19 he began studying Rangaku (Dutch, or

Ōmura Satoshi is a Japanese microbiologist known for his discovery of natural products, particularly from soil bacteria. Of special importance was Ōmura’s discovery of the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis, from which the anthelmintic compound avermectin was isolated. A derivative of avermectin

Japan: The arrival of the Europeans: lords—Ōtomo Sōrin, Arima Harunobu, and Ōmura Sumitada—even sent an embassy to Rome. Farmers also increasingly became converts, in part because of the influence of the social relief work and medical aid that accompanied missionary activity.

onigiri, popular Japanese snack consisting of a ball or cone of rice, often with a filling and wrapped in nori (seaweed). Onigiri takes its name from the Japanese word nigiru, meaning “to grasp” or “to squeeze,” so called because it is pressed by hand into a ball. The snack has also been called

Ōmuta, city, Fukuoka ken (prefecture), northern Kyushu, Japan, on the east coast of the Ariake-kai (Ariake Sea). Formerly a coal-mining centre, Ōmuta’s activity declined after the 1960s with the conversion from coal to petroleum as fuel. Consequently, underground shafts were neglected, causing land

Kola Ogunmola: …greatest fame, however, came from Omuti Apa Kini (performed 1963), a dramatic adaptation in the Yoruba language of Amos Tutuola’s well-known novel The Palmwine Drunkard. Although there were some claims that the adaptation lost much of the story’s original meaning, Omuti Apa Kini was immensely popular. Conscience was another moralistic…

Denmark: Finance: …the exchange became part of OMX, a Nordic-Baltic common stock exchange, which was subsequently purchased by NASDAQ in 2008.

on, one of two alternate readings (the other is kun, or kun’yomi) for a kanji (Japanese: “Chinese character”). The ambiguity of a kanji arises from its having two values: the meaning of the original Chinese character and a Chinese pronunciation of the character. In the on reading the character is

Heliopolis, one of the most ancient Egyptian cities and the seat of worship of the sun god, Re. It was the capital of the 15th nome of Lower Egypt, but Heliopolis was important as a religious rather than a political centre. During the New Kingdom (c. 1539–1075 bce) its great temple of Re was second

Vincente Minnelli: Films of the 1960s and 1970s: Home from the Hill, Bells are Ringing, and On a Clear Day You Can See Forever: …version of Lerner’s Broadway musical On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970). It was transformed into a star vehicle for Barbra Streisand as Daisy Gamble, a young woman who wants to stop smoking but when placed under hypnosis by Dr. Chabot (Yves Montand) is regressed into her previous…

Harry Connick, Jr.: …a reimagining of the musical On a Clear Day You Can See Forever.

Peter Handke: …aus meinem stillen Haus (1997; On a Dark Night I Left My Silent House) follows the life-changing journey of a man made mute by injury. Der Bildverlust; oder, durch die Sierra de Gredos (2002; Crossing the Sierra de Gredos) details the pilgrimage and interior life of a woman crossing an…

Sir William Rowan Hamilton: Hamilton’s two major papers “On a General Method in Dynamics” were published in 1834 and 1835. In the second of these, the equations of motion of a dynamical system are expressed in a particularly elegant form (Hamilton’s equations of motion). Hamilton’s approach was further refined by the German mathematician…

electromagnetic radiation: Photoelectric effect: Einstein published an article entitled “On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light.” Here he deduced that electromagnetic radiation itself consists of “particles” of energy hν. He arrived at this conclusion by using a simple theoretical argument comparing the change in entropy of an ideal…

Nirvana: …spayed,” he sang in “On a Plain”). Imbued with the punk ethic that to succeed was to fail, Nirvana abhorred the media onslaught that accompanied their rapid ascent. Success brought celebrity, and Cobain, typecast as a self-destructive rock star, courted controversy both with his advocacy of feminism and gay…

Soranus Of Ephesus: His On Acute and Chronic Diseases contains an excellent chapter on nervous disorders, with suggested treatments resembling aspects of modern psychotherapy. A keen observer and a practitioner of unusual competence, Soranus also wrote the oldest known biography of Hippocrates and a treatise on fractures.

Dio Chrysostom: In On Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, Dio compares the treatment of the story of Philoctetes by each of the named tragedians. Best known is the Euboicus, depicting country life on the island of Euboea, an important document for social and economic history. A patriotic Greek who…

Konrad Lorenz: …book, Das sogenannte Böse (1963; On Aggression), he argued that fighting and warlike behaviour in man have an inborn basis but can be environmentally modified by the proper understanding and provision for the basic instinctual needs of human beings. Fighting in lower animals has a positive survival function, he observed,…

Edmund Burke: Political life: …are two parliamentary speeches, “On American Taxation” (1774) and “On Moving His Resolutions for Conciliation with the Colonies” (1775), and “A Letter to…the Sheriffs of Bristol, on the Affairs of America” (1777). British policy, he argued, had been both imprudent and inconsistent, but above all legalistic and intransigent, in…

Seneca: Philosophical works and tragedies: The De ira (On Anger) deals at length with the passion, its consequences, and control. The De clementia (On Mercy), an exhortatory address to Nero, commends mercy as the sovereign quality for a Roman emperor. De tranquillitate animi (On Mental Tranquility), De constantia sapientis (On the Steadfastness of…

Vitruvius: …celebrated treatise De architectura (On Architecture), a handbook for Roman architects.

St. Augustine: Controversial writings: …De baptismo contra Donatistas (401; On Baptism) expounds his anti-Donatist views most effectively, but the stenographic Gesta Collationis Carthaginensis (411; “Acts of the Council of Carthage”) offers a vivid view of the politics and bad feelings of the schism.

Huldrych Zwingli: Controversies: …Zwingli wrote a special work, On Baptism (1525), in which his main emphasis was on the significance of water baptism as a covenant sign. During the following years he devoted many other tracts to the subject, culminating in his Tricks of the Catabaptists (1527).

Zadie Smith: Other novels: On Beauty, published in 2005, further established Smith as one of the foremost British novelists of her day. The novel, heavily modeled on E.M. Forster’s Howards End, chronicles the lives of two families in the fictional town of Wellington, Massachusetts, just outside Boston. A comic…

Mary Steenburgen: Orange Is the New Black, On Becoming a God in Central Florida, and Grace and Frankie. Steenburgen also was a cast member on the series Zoey’s Extraordinary Playlist (2020–21), and she appeared in the companion movie Zoey’s Extraordinary Christmas (2021). Her other film credits included the holiday comedy Happiest Season…

Phillis Wheatley: “On Being Brought from Africa to America” (written 1768), directly addresses slavery within the framework of Christianity, which the poem describes as the “mercy” that “brought me from my Pagan land” and gave her a “redemption” that she “neither sought nor knew.” The poem concludes…

Hipparchus: Other scientific work: Star catalog, geography, and trigonometry of Hipparchus: For instance, On Bodies Carried Down by Their Weight speculated on the principles of weight and motion, and a work on optics adhered to Euclid’s theory from the Optics that vision is produced by an emanation of rays from the eyes. Hipparchus’s calculation of the exact number…

Leiber and Stoller: …“Stand by Me” and “On Broadway,” were especially influential. In 1964 they established their own label, Red Bird, on which the Shangri-Las recorded. They went on to write for films and theatre; among their last hits, in 1969, was the world-weary “Is That All There Is?” (by Peggy Lee).…

Anthony Fauci: Other work and honors: …later published the candid memoir On Call: A Doctor’s Journey in Public Service (2024).