One Ton Cup, international racing trophy for sailing yachts of about one-ton displacement. From 1907 to 1955 the cup was the object of a major competition for 20-foot (6-metre) yachts, but with the decline of that class the cup was put up for challenge in 1965 by the Cercle de la Voile de Paris, a

Agnes de Mille: …she staged the dances were One Touch of Venus (1943), Carousel (1945), Brigadoon (1947), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1949), Paint Your Wagon (1951), The Girl in Pink Tights (1954), and 110 in the Shade (1963). She also arranged dances for the films

William A. Seiter: Seiter’s version of One Touch of Venus (1948) was not as humorous as the Broadway hit, despite Ava Gardner’s starring as a mannequin who comes to life for a window dresser (Robert Walker).

William Hurt: …Couch in New York (1996), One True Thing (1998), Syriana (2005), Into the Wild (2007), Robin Hood (2010), Winter’s Tale (2014), Days and Nights (2014), and Race (2016). He portrayed the Marvel comic character Thaddeus (“Thunderbolt”) Ross in the films

Anna Quindlen: …basis of her second novel, One True Thing (1994); a film adaptation starring Meryl Streep and William Hurt was released in 1998. The success of these books led Quindlen to leave The New York Times in December 1994 to pursue a full-time career as a novelist.

Melissa Etheridge: For One Way Out (2021), Etheridge performed songs that she had written decades earlier.

Countee Cullen: His novel One Way to Heaven (1932) depicts life in Harlem.

Ted Kooser: …volumes included Sure Signs (1980), One World at a Time (1985), Weather Central (1994), and Braided Creek: A Conversation in Poetry (2003), which was written with Jim Harrison.

One World Trade Center (One WTC), skyscraper in New York, New York, that is the centerpiece of reconstruction at Ground Zero, the site of the former World Trade Center complex. The building officially opened its doors in 2014, marking the culmination of a long and painful chapter in the history of

Eudora Welty: One Writer’s Beginnings, an autobiographical work, was published in 1984. Originating in a series of three lectures given at Harvard, it beautifully evoked what Welty styled her “sheltered life” in Jackson and how her early fiction grew out of it.

One World Trade Center (One WTC), skyscraper in New York, New York, that is the centerpiece of reconstruction at Ground Zero, the site of the former World Trade Center complex. The building officially opened its doors in 2014, marking the culmination of a long and painful chapter in the history of

Thomas Kinsella: New Poems 1956–73 (1973) and One, and Other Poems (1979) skillfully extend the themes of love, death, and rejuvenation.

Luigi Pirandello: …Uno, nessuno e centomila (1925–26; One, None, and a Hundred Thousand). Both are more typical than Il fu Mattia Pascal. The first, a historical novel reflecting the Sicily of the end of the 19th century and the general bitterness at the loss of the ideals of the Risorgimento (the movement…

Eleaticism: , its doctrine of the One, according to which all that exists (or is really true) is a static plenum of Being as such, and nothing exists that stands either in contrast or in contradiction to Being. Thus, all differentiation, motion, and change must be illusory. This monism is…

One, Two, Three, American screwball comedy film, released in 1961, that was directed by Billy Wilder and was based on a one-act play by Ferenc Molnár. The film is set during the Cold War and is noted for its lightning-fast pace. James Cagney portrayed the brutish, wildly fast-talking head of Coca

tip-cat, outdoor game dating back at least to the 17th century and introduced to North America and elsewhere by English colonists. The game was widely popular in 19th-century Great Britain and in early 20th-century North America. Although there are many varieties of the game, all involve a stick

slot machine, gambling device operated by dropping one or more coins or tokens into a slot and pulling a handle or pushing a button to activate one to three or more reels marked into horizontal segments by varying symbols. The machine pays off by dropping into a cup or trough from two to all the

cake: In the quick-dump, or one-bowl, method, all the ingredients except the leavening agent are put into a bowl and mixed vigorously (preferably with a power mixer), the leavening agent added, and mixing completed. As a modification of the method, the eggs and part of the milk may be added…

one-child policy, official program initiated in the late 1970s and early ’80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. The rationale for implementing the policy was to reduce the growth rate of China’s

ship: Damage buoyancy and stability: …ships) are built to the “one-compartment” standard, meaning that at least one compartment bounded by watertight bulkheads must be floodable without sinking the ship. A two-compartment standard is common for larger passenger-carrying ships—a measure that presumably protects the ship against a collision at the boundary between two compartments. The Titanic,…

cricket: Test matches: One-day internationals—answering the complaint that Test matches went on too long—began in 1972. In 1975 the first World Cup was contested in England in a series of one-day matches of 60 overs a side (the number of overs was reduced to 50 in 1987). The…

yacht: Kinds of sailboats: …of sailing is that of one-design-class boats. All boats in a one-design class are built to the same specifications in length, beam, sail area, and other elements (for an example of a two-person sailboat, see illustration). Racing between such boats can be held on an even basis with no handicapping…

computer science: Algorithms and complexity: …simplest data structure is a linear array, in which adjacent elements are numbered with consecutive integer “indexes” and an element’s value is accessed by its unique index. An array can be used, for example, to store a list of names, and efficient methods are needed to efficiently search for and…

art criticism: Art criticism at the turn of the 21st century: …for her formalist criticism—in “One-Dimensional Criticism” (1966) she wrote that she thought it “was developed in order to place art criticism on a less impressionistic, more abstract plane of discussion”—opted out of it after realizing that “art criticism is no science; very little that can be said about an…

political philosophy: Horkheimer, Adorno, and Marcuse: …best-known and most influential work, One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society (1964), he argued that the modern capitalist “affluent” society oppresses even those who are successful within it while maintaining their complacency through the ersatz satisfactions of consumer culture. By cultivating such shallow forms of experience…

linear motion, motion in one spatial dimension. According to Newton’s first law (also known as the principle of inertia), a body with no net force acting on it will either remain at rest or continue to move with uniform speed in a straight line, according to its initial condition of motion. In

social change: One-directional change: This type of change continues more or less in the same direction. Such change is usually cumulative and implies growth or increase, such as that of population density, the size of organizations, or the level of production. The direction of the change could,…

Paula Fox: Writing career: One-Eyed Cat (1984), which was a Newbery Honor Book in 1985, captures a young boy’s guilt and shame as he disobeys his father.

One-Eyed Jacks, American western film, released in 1961, that was the only movie directed by Marlon Brando. Although often overshadowed by its well-publicized production problems—notably Brando’s excessive expenditure of time and money—the film earned positive reviews and became a cult favourite.

Brahmaputra River: Plant and animal life: …swamps in Assam is the one-horned rhinoceros, which has become extinct in other parts of the world; Kaziranga National Park (designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985) provides a refuge for the rhinoceros and for other wildlife in the valley, including elephants, Bengal tigers, leopards, wild buffalo, and deer.…

one-horse shay, open two-wheeled vehicle that was the American adaptation of the French chaise. Its chairlike body, seating the passengers on one seat above the axle, was hung by leather braces from a pair of square wooden springs attached to the shafts. Early one-horse shays had fixed standing

public-key cryptography: Single-key cryptography is called symmetric for obvious reasons. A cryptosystem satisfying conditions 1–4 above is called asymmetric for equally obvious reasons. There are symmetric cryptosystems in which the encryption and decryption keys are not the same—for example, matrix transforms of the text in which one key is a nonsingular…

Borscht Belt: Entertainment: …Borscht Belt comedy is the one-liner. As Borscht Belt comedians migrated to television and movies, and as stand-up comedy spread from the Catskills circuit to HBO and Netflix specials, the influence of this style of humor on comedy, television, and film, and popular culture in turn, have since proven indelible.

family law: The one-parent family: Since the 1970s, one-parent families have acquired an importance not adequately reflected in traditional law. It may be necessary to adapt the law to a greater extent to the needs of one-parent families in areas such as the organization of family and child-welfare…

one-party state, a country where a single political party controls the government, either by law or in practice. Examples of one-party states include North Korea, China, Eritrea, and Cuba. For much of the 20th century, many of the one-party states were communist-run, including the Soviet Union and

chromatography: Subsequent developments: This technique is called field-flow fractionation. It has been termed one-phase chromatography because there is no stationary phase. Its main applications are to polymers and particulate matter. The method has been used to separate biological cells, subcellular particles, viruses, liposomes, protein aggregates, fly ash, colloids, and pigments.

swimsuit: A clinging one-piece swimsuit for women was introduced in France after World War I, and other swimsuit accessories were abandoned.

formal logic: The predicate calculus: …is said to be a monadic, or one-place, predicate (variable). Predicates with two or more arguments stand not for properties of single individuals but for relations between individuals. Thus the proposition “Tom is a son of John” is analyzable into two names of individuals (“Tom” and “John”) and a dyadic…

textile: Single yarns: Single, or one-ply, yarns are single strands composed of fibres held together by at least a small amount of twist; or of filaments grouped together either with or without twist; or of narrow strips of material; or of single synthetic filaments extruded in sufficient thickness…

perspective: …a single vanishing point, called one-point perspective. Perceptual space and volume may be simulated on the picture plane by variations on this basic principle, differing according to the number and location of the vanishing points. Instead of one-point (or central) perspective, the artist may use, for instance, angular (or oblique)…

major industrial polymers: Polyurethane surface coatings: …type is a one-component (one-pot) prepolymer containing excess isocyanate groups. Upon application of the liquid to a surface, these groups react with water from the atmosphere to form a urea, which further reacts with other isocyanate groups to provide the cross-linking necessary to cure the coating. In another one-pot…

circus: History: …British circuses generally retained the one-ring format in the mid- to late 19th century; their programs were often of the highest calibre, and their tents may have seated as many as 5,000 spectators. In order to maintain the one-ring design while expanding the area beneath the tent, the European tent…

production system: Types of production systems: …of production system is the project, or “one-shot” system. For a single, one-of-a-kind product, for example, a building, a ship, or the prototype of a product such as an airplane or a large computer, resources are brought together only once. Because of the singular nature of project systems, special methods…

one-state solution, term used to describe various proposals for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that do not include establishing separate states for Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs. The term most commonly refers to the idea of Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs sharing a single state

fox-trot: …for fast music include the one-step (one walking step to each musical beat) popularized by Irene and Vernon Castle shortly after the dance’s inception and the peabody (with a quick leg cross).

mathematics: Cantor: …sense that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the integers and the members of each of these sets by means of which for any member of the set of algebraic numbers (or rationals), no matter how large, there is always a unique integer it may be placed in correspondence with.…

handball: of handball: four-wall, three-wall, and one-wall. Each may be played by two (singles) or four (doubles).

plow: Plow types: Disk tillers, also called harrow plows or one-way disk plows, usually consist of a gang of many disks mounted on one axle (see harrow). Used after grain harvest, they usually leave some stubble to help reduce wind erosion and often have seeding equipment. Two-way (reversible)…

road: Legal control: For instance, one-way streets in congested urban areas may provide safer driving conditions and increase the traffic-carrying capacity of the system. The provision of special turn arrows in traffic signals or the prohibition of turns at intersections contribute to safety, increase traffic throughput, and reduce conflict.

Jacob Lawrence: …illustrate his latest poetry collection, One-Way Ticket, and Lawrence obliged by creating a series of brush-and-ink works revisiting his Migration series. By the following year, Lawrence was suffering from exhaustion and depression, and he sought treatment at Hillside Hospital in Queens, New York City. He stayed more than a year…

Oneg Shabbat, (Hebrew: “Joy of Sabbath”), informal Sabbath (or Friday evening) gathering of Jews in a synagogue or private home to express outwardly the happiness inherent in the Sabbath holiday. Now more social than religious, the group entertains itself with music, drama, community discussions,

White Sea: …elevations are found in the Onega Inlet. Sandy underwater ridges, created by inflowing currents, prevail in the Gorlo Strait, Voronka, and the Mezen mouth. The sea’s chief hollow is separated from the Barents Sea by a sill 130 feet deep, which restricts deepwater exchange between the two bodies of water.

Lake Onega, second largest lake in Europe, situated in the northwest part of the European portion of Russia, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea. It covers an area of 3,753 square miles (9,720 square km). It is 154 miles (248 km) long; its greatest width is 50 miles (80 km); and its greatest

Eugene Onegin, fictional character who is the protagonist of Aleksandr Pushkin’s masterpiece Eugene Onegin (1833). Onegin is the original superfluous man, a character type common in 19th-century Russian literature. He is a disillusioned aristocrat who is drawn into tragic situations through his

Italy: The early years: …in the Ligurian town of Oneglia, captured by French armies in 1794. Oneglia became the location for the first revolutionary experiment on Italian soil when Buonarroti introduced a republican constitution and the cult of the Supreme Being and abolished seigneurial rights. The “Oneglia experiment” ended abruptly in 1795 with the…

Oneida, county, central New York state, U.S., bounded to the west by Oneida Lake and Creek and to the east by West Canada Creek and Hinckley Reservoir. It largely consists of a plateau region that becomes hillier in the south and rises to the western edge of the Adirondack Mountains in the

Oneida, Iroquoian-speaking North American Indian tribe living, at the time of European contact, in what is now central New York state, U.S. They are one of the original five nations of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Confederacy. Like the other Iroquois tribes, the Oneida were semisedentary and

Oneida, city, Madison county, central New York, U.S. It lies on Oneida Creek, 6 miles (10 km) southeast of Oneida Lake and 26 miles (42 km) east of Syracuse. Founded in 1834 by Sands Higinbotham and named for the Oneida people who had inhabited the area, it developed as a depot and supply point for

Amarillo, city, seat (1887) of Potter county (and partly in Randall county), on the high plains of northern Texas, U.S. The chief city of the Texas Panhandle, Amarillo is located on a sandy playa, or dry lake bed, and the tawny colour of its soil lends the city its name (Spanish: Yellow). At first

Samuel Kirkland: …Confederacy and negotiator of the Oneida Alliance with the colonists during the American Revolution (1775–83).

Oneida Community, utopian religious community that developed out of a Society of Inquiry established by John Humphrey Noyes and some of his disciples in Putney, Vt., U.S., in 1841. As new recruits arrived, the society turned into a socialized community. Noyes had experienced a religious conversion

Artemidorus: …Turkey]) was a soothsayer whose Oneirocritica (“Interpretation of Dreams”) affords valuable insight into ancient superstitions, myths, and religious rites. Mainly a compilation of the writings of earlier authors, the work’s first three books consider dreams and divination generally; a reply to critics and an appendix make up the fourth book.…

oneiromancy, prophetic divination from dreams, considered a divine act in most ancient cultures and surviving to modern times in certain folk traditions. Oneiromancy is based on the belief that dreams are messages sent to the soul by gods or the dead, most often as warnings. In the highly developed

Barnett Newman: …a breakthrough with the canvas Onement I (1948), in which a single stripe of orange vertically bisects a field of dark red. This austerely geometric style became his trademark. His paintings, many of which are quite large, typically consist of grand empty fields of saturated colour inflected with one or…

Jesus Only, movement of believers within Pentecostalism who hold that true baptism can only be “in the name of Jesus” rather than in the name of all three persons of the Trinity. Peter said to them, “Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ so that your sins may be

Oneonta, city, Otsego county, east-central New York, U.S. It lies in the Catskill foothills, on the Susquehanna River, within the town (township) of Oneonta, some 80 miles (129 km) southwest of Albany. Dutch and Palatinate German settlers began arriving in the area before the American Revolution,

Native American art: Midwest and Great Plains: …those of the Adena, Hopewell, Oneota, and Old Copper culture peoples; their art was extensive, making great use of sculptured stone pipes, polished ornaments of both stone and copper, and incised shell decorations.

Letter of Paul to Philemon: …western Turkey), on behalf of Onesimus, who was enslaved to Philemon and may have run away from him. The epistle is the 18th book of the New Testament canon and was probably composed in Rome about 61 ce.

variolation: …in Africa from his slave, Onesimus, who himself had been inoculated. Its use spread in America after 1721, and in 1728 it was introduced into South America.

Oneşti, city, Bacău judeƫ (county), eastern Romania. The city was developed as a planned new town, begun in 1953 on the site of a 15th-century settlement. It was originally named for the communist leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and was renamed Oneşti in 1996. It developed as a consequence of the

Juan Carlos Onetti was an Uruguayan novelist and short-story writer whose existential works chronicle the decay of modern urban life. The protagonists of his novels lead unhappy, isolated lives in an absurd and sordid world from which they can escape only through memories, fantasies, or death.

Oneida, Iroquoian-speaking North American Indian tribe living, at the time of European contact, in what is now central New York state, U.S. They are one of the original five nations of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Confederacy. Like the other Iroquois tribes, the Oneida were semisedentary and

Lake Onega, second largest lake in Europe, situated in the northwest part of the European portion of Russia, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea. It covers an area of 3,753 square miles (9,720 square km). It is 154 miles (248 km) long; its greatest width is 50 miles (80 km); and its greatest

Lake Onega, second largest lake in Europe, situated in the northwest part of the European portion of Russia, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea. It covers an area of 3,753 square miles (9,720 square km). It is 154 miles (248 km) long; its greatest width is 50 miles (80 km); and its greatest

Siribunyasan was the king of the Lao principality of Vientiane during whose reign Laos came to be dominated by Siam (Thailand). When Siribunyasan succeeded his father, Ong Rong, on the throne in about 1760, Laos was divided into rival states, Vientiane itself was split in factions, and Burmese

Sai Ong Hue was the ruler (1700?–35) of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang which, during his reign, was divided into two rival kingdoms at Vientiane and Luang Prabang. Sai Ong Hue was a grandson of the great ruler Suliyavongsa. He spent most of his early years as a prince of the royal house in exile at

Andaman Islands: …the Sentinalese, the Jarawa, the Onge, and a group of peoples collectively known as the Great Andamese—only the first three retain a traditional hunting-and-gathering way of life. The Andamans, situated on the ancient trade route between India and Myanmar (Burma), were visited by Lieut. Archibald Blair of the Bombay Marine…

Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer: In Ongeloof en Revolutie (1847; “Unbelief and Revolution”), he identified disbelief in religion with the spirit of the French Revolution.

El Niño: The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), a measure of the departure from normal sea surface temperature in the east-central Pacific Ocean, is the standard means by which each El Niño episode is determined, gauged, and forecast. El Niño episodes are indicated by sea surface temperature increases of…

oni, in Japanese folklore, a type of demonic creature often of giant size, great strength, and fearful appearance. They are generally considered to be foreign in origin, perhaps introduced into Japan from China along with Buddhism. Cruel and malicious, they can, nevertheless, be converted to

Judaism: Social, political, and religious divisions: …were the members of the Oniad family, who held the hereditary office of high priest until they were replaced by the Hasmoneans; the Temple that they supervised also functioned as a bank, where the wealth of the Temple was stored and where private individuals also deposited their money. From a…

Judaism: Religious and cultural life in the Diaspora: …by a deposed high priest, Onias IV, clearly indicates that it was heterodox; as merely the temple of a military colony, it never really offered a challenge to the Temple in Jerusalem. It is significant that the Palestinian rabbis ruled that a sacrifice intended for the temple of Onias might…

onigiri, popular Japanese snack consisting of a ball or cone of rice, often with a filling and wrapped in nori (seaweed). Onigiri takes its name from the Japanese word nigiru, meaning “to grasp” or “to squeeze,” so called because it is pressed by hand into a ball. The snack has also been called

Lagos: …city’s population is centred on Lagos Island, in Lagos Lagoon, on the Bight of Benin in the Gulf of Guinea. Lagos is Nigeria’s largest city and one of the largest in sub-Saharan Africa.

The Ōnin War was fought between the families of two samurais who were close to the Ashikaga Shogun of Japan. By 1467, the year that war began, the Ashikaga dynasty had grown so weak that a succession dispute provided the trigger for unrest and the collapse of central authority. The ensuing civil

onion, (Allium cepa), herbaceous biennial plant in the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) grown for its edible bulb. The onion is likely native to southwestern Asia but is now grown throughout the world, chiefly in the temperate zones. Onions are low in nutrients but are valued for their flavour and

Louis Johnson: …Land like a Lizard (1970), Onion (1972), Coming and Going (1982), Winter Apples (1984), and True Confessions of the Last Cannibal (1986). He edited the prose and poetry volume Antipodes New Writing (1987). His Last Poems (1990), The Perfect Symbol: Poems Unpublished and Uncollected (1998), and Selected Poems (2000) were…

oat grass: Onion couch, a variety of tall oat grass (A. elatius, variety bulbosum) named for its bulblike basal stems, is a noxious weed in areas outside its native range.

anthomyiid fly: The onion maggot (D. antiqua), found in North America, injures onions by feeding on the underground bulb and stem. The adult is a bristly gray fly about 6 or 7 mm (0.2 to 0.3 inch) long with large wings. It is best controlled by insecticide applications…

Tor (network), a free software platform designed to protect users’ identities while they are browsing the Internet and exchanging messages. Tor is widely called the largest anonymity network. The platform benefits members of the general public who strive for a higher level of privacy on the

Oliver Onions was a novelist and short-story writer whose first work to attract attention was The Story of Louie (1913), the last part of a trilogy later published as Whom God Has Sundered, in which he achieved a successful combination of poetry and realism. Of his other novels, the greatest

Oliver Onions was a novelist and short-story writer whose first work to attract attention was The Story of Louie (1913), the last part of a trilogy later published as Whom God Has Sundered, in which he achieved a successful combination of poetry and realism. Of his other novels, the greatest

asphodel: …pink asphodel, or onionweed (Asphodelus fistulosus), have white and pink flowers, respectively, and grow from 45 to 60 cm (1.5 to 2 feet) high. Branched asphodel (Asphodelus ramosus) and summer asphodel (Asphodelus aestivus) have pinkish white flowers and are very similar in appearance. Yellow asphodel, or king’s spear (Asphodeline…

Liliuokalani: As head of the ‘Onipa‘a (meaning “immovable,” “steadfast,” “firm,” “resolute”) movement, whose motto was “Hawaii for the Hawaiians,” Liliuokalani fought bitterly against annexation of the islands by the United States. Annexation nonetheless occurred in July 1898. In that year she published Hawaii’s Story by Hawaii’s Queen and composed “Aloha…

sow bug: …especially members of the genus Oniscus. Like the related pill bug, it is sometimes called the wood louse. O. asellus, which grows to a length of 18 mm (0.7 inch), is widely distributed in Europe and has also been introduced into North America. The oval, gray body, which is rather…

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio: …the publication in 1991 of Onitsha (Eng. trans. Onitsha), a semiautobiographical tale influenced by his childhood year in Nigeria, Le Clézio turned increasingly to semiautobiographical works such as the novels La Quarantaine (1995) and Révolutions (2003). In L’Africain (2004) Le Clézio recounted the childhood experience of being reunited with his…

Onitsha, port and market town in Anambra state, southern Nigeria. The town lies on the east bank of the Niger River just south of its confluence with the Anambra River. Founded by adventurers from Benin (nearby, to the west) in the early 17th century, it grew to become the political and trading

Onitsha market literature, 20th-century genre of sentimental, moralistic novellas and pamphlets produced by a semiliterate school of writers (students, fledgling journalists, and taxi drivers) and sold at the bustling Onitsha market in eastern Nigeria. Among the most prolific of the writers were

Zeami was the greatest playwright and theorist of the Japanese Noh theatre. He and his father, Kan’ami (1333–84), were the creators of the Noh drama in its present form. Under the patronage of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, whose favour Zeami enjoyed after performing before him in 1374, the Noh

Challenger disaster: …pilot Michael Smith, mission specialists Ellison Onizuka, Judith Resnik, and Ronald McNair, and Hughes Aircraft engineer Gregory Jarvis.