Otto Perl: …author and cofounder of the Selbsthilfebund der Körperbehinderten (Self-Help Alliance of the Physically Handicapped, or Otto Perl Alliance; 1919–31), the first emancipatory self-help organization representing the interests of the physically disabled in Germany.

Otto I was the duke of Saxony (as Otto II, 936–961), German king (from 936), and Holy Roman emperor (962–973) who consolidated the German Reich by his suppression of rebellious vassals and his decisive victory over the Hungarians. His use of the church as a stabilizing influence created a secure

Otto IV was a German king and Holy Roman emperor, candidate of the German anti-Hohenstaufen faction, who, after struggling against two Hohenstaufen kings, was finally deposed. A member of the Welf dynasty, Otto was a son of Henry the Lion of Brunswick and Matilda, daughter of Henry II of England.

Otto II was the duke of Bavaria and also a leading noble in Saxony, the most implacable opponent of the German king Henry IV. In 1061, Agnes of Poitou, regent for her young son Henry IV, invested Otto with the duchy of Bavaria. The following year, however, he helped Archbishop Anno of Cologne to

Frei Otto was a German architect and design engineer and winner of the 2015 Pritzker Prize, who is known for his tensile architectural designs—lightweight tentlike structures such as the central sports stadium of the Munich 1972 Olympic Games. Otto was raised in Berlin. Both his father and his

Frei Otto was a German architect and design engineer and winner of the 2015 Pritzker Prize, who is known for his tensile architectural designs—lightweight tentlike structures such as the central sports stadium of the Munich 1972 Olympic Games. Otto was raised in Berlin. Both his father and his

Las Vegas Raiders: …quarterback Daryle Lamonica and center Jim Otto, the Raiders won the AFL championship in December 1967, a victory that sent the team to its first Super Bowl the following January (a loss to the Green Bay Packers). John Madden was hired as head coach in 1969, and under his guidance…

Kristin Otto is a former German swimmer and the first female athlete to win six gold medals at a single Olympic Games. Otto entered a special sports school at age 11 after East Germany’s comprehensive scouting program identified her as a swimming prospect. In 1982 she set her first world record as

Nikolaus Otto was a German engineer who developed the four-stroke internal-combustion engine, which offered the first practical alternative to the steam engine as a power source. Otto built his first gasoline-powered engine in 1861. Three years later he formed a partnership with the German

Nikolaus Otto was a German engineer who developed the four-stroke internal-combustion engine, which offered the first practical alternative to the steam engine as a power source. Otto built his first gasoline-powered engine in 1861. Three years later he formed a partnership with the German

Rudolf Otto was a German theologian, philosopher, and historian of religion, who exerted worldwide influence through his investigation of man’s experience of the holy. Das Heilige (1917; The Idea of the Holy, 1923) is his most important work. Otto was the son of William Otto, a manufacturer. Little

Sylke Otto is a German luger who won gold medals at the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics. Otto began lugeing at age 10 when she was encouraged to try the sport by team trainers visiting her school. She started competing in 1983, joined the German national luge team in 1991, and won her first overall

Western architecture: Germany: An architectural example is the Otto-Heinrichsbau added to the Gothic castle at Heidelberg (burned by the French in 1689). The three tall stories presented the usual verticality of northern architecture, but there was an understanding of the Classical superimposition of the orders with Corinthian above Ionic. Nevertheless, there was a…

Memmingen: Ottobeuren, just southeast, has an enormous Benedictine abbey, first founded in 764, with 250 rooms, 20 halls, and 6 courts. Pop. (2003 est.) 41,133.

Alexander VIII was the pope from 1689 to 1691, best known for his condemnation of Gallicanism, a French clerical and political movement that sought to limit papal authority. Ottoboni was born into a wealthy Venetian family. He was a distinguished student at the University of Padua and subsequently

Ottokar Czernin was the foreign minister of Austria-Hungary (1916–18), whose efforts to disengage his country from its participation in World War I failed to prevent the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918. Czernin, born into the Czech aristocracy, entered the Austro-Hungarian diplomatic

ottoman, deeply upholstered seat of any shape, with or without a back, introduced into Europe in the late 18th century from Turkey, where, piled with cushions, it was the central piece of domestic seating. One of the early versions was designed as a piece of fitted furniture to go entirely around

Ottoman court carpet, floor covering handwoven under the earlier Ottoman sultans of Turkey. Extremely fine, handsome carpets—of wool pile on a foundation of silk or wool, having floral patterning, often with schemes of large or small circular medallions—and comparable prayer rugs were made for the

Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and

Young Turks: …Greece) organized to form the Ottoman Liberty Society in 1906. This secret revolutionary group merged with the CUP in Paris the following year, bringing to the Young Turk ideologists the command of the III Army Corps. Later in 1907 the CUP and the League of Private Initiative and Decentralization agreed,…

Ottoman Empire: The 1875–78 crisis: …and a European-controlled organization, the Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA), was set up to collect the payments.

Turkish language: …Turkish is the descendant of Ottoman Turkish and its predecessor, so-called Old Anatolian Turkish, which was introduced into Anatolia by the Seljuq Turks in the late 11th century ce. Old Turkish gradually absorbed a great many Arabic and Persian words and even grammatical forms and was written in Arabic script.…

Ottoman Empire: Classical Ottoman society and administration: …and language known as the Ottoman Way. Those who lacked any of those attributes were considered to be members of the subject class, the “protected flock” of the sultan.

Siege of Corfu: …August 20, 1716, during the Ottoman-Venetian War (1714–18), which was the last in a series of wars between the two Mediterranean powers that stretched back to the fifteenth century. The failure to take Corfu by the Ottoman forces was hailed as a great victory across Christian Europe.

Antonio Vivaldi: Life: …1713 when his first opera, Ottone in villa, was produced in Vicenza. Returning to Venice, Vivaldi immediately plunged into operatic activity in the twin roles of composer and impresario. From 1718 to 1720 he worked in Mantua as director of secular music for that city’s governor, Prince Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt.…

Kassel: …in Karlsaue Park and the Ottoneum (1604–07; largely rebuilt in 1697), which is claimed to be the oldest theatre building in Germany and which now houses a natural history museum. Other museums in the city include the Hesse Provincial Museum; the German Wallpaper Museum, which contains an unusual wallpaper collection;…

Ottonian art, painting, sculpture, and other visual arts produced during the reigns of the German Ottonian emperors and their first successors from the Salic house (950–1050). As inheritors of the Carolingian tradition of the Holy Roman Empire, the German emperors also assumed the Carolingian

Christianity: Political relations between East and West: …the 10th century, however, the Ottonian dynasty in Germany established a new imperial line and became the preeminent power in Latin Europe. The Ottos, accustomed to the tradition in which great landowners built and owned the churches on their estates as private property, treated Rome and all important sees in…

Saxon Dynasty: He concluded the Privilegium Ottonianum, a treaty that regulated relations between emperor and pope, and initiated a Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. His son Otto II (973–83) continued his policy, but his grandson Otto III (983–1002) was interested in Italian affairs to the detriment of Germany.

Bae Yong-Jun: …struggling Ottowintech, which he renamed KeyEast. Under his oversight, the entertainment firm became hugely profitable. Backed by such success, Bae shifted his focus from acting to business in the early 2010s.

ottrelite, manganese-rich variety of the silicate mineral chloritoid

Fathers and Sons, novel by Ivan Turgenev, published in 1862 as Ottsy i deti. Quite controversial at the time of its publication, Fathers and Sons concerns the inevitable conflict between generations and between the values of traditionalists and intellectuals. The physician Bazarov, the novel’s

nagaswaram: …a drone played on the ottu, a similar instrument used only for that purpose.

Ottumwa, city, seat (1844) of Wapello county, southeastern Iowa, U.S., on the Des Moines River, about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Oskaloosa. It was laid out in 1843 during a land rush when the region was opened to settlers. Originally called Appanoose Rapids, the name was changed to Louisville

Ottweiler porcelain, true, or hard-paste, German porcelain produced in the Rhineland from 1763 onward. The factory was started by Étienne-Dominique Pellevé, a porcelain maker from Rouen, France, under the patronage of Prince Wilhelm Heinrich of Nassau-Saarbrücken. The Ottweiler factory was situated

Magnoliales: Timber: Cleistopholis patens (otu) yields a soft, light wood from western Africa that finds some of the same uses as balsa wood—e.g., in buoys, life rafts, and floats. The fibrous inner bark is of some value for cordage and coarse netting. In South America, balsalike wood is obtained…

Roza Otunbayeva is a Kyrgyz politician who served as president (2010–11) of the interim government of Kyrgyzstan that came to power with the ouster of Pres. Kurmanbek Bakiyev. An ethnic Kyrgyz, Otunbayeva grew up in Kirgiziya and completed her education in Russia, earning a degree in philosophy

owl: General features: …owl (Pyrroglaux podargina) and the Seychelles owl (Otus insularis), are endemic island species with small populations. Owls often attain higher population densities than hawks and have survived better in areas of human activity. Their nocturnal habits and inconspicuous daytime behaviour provide them some protection from shooting. The greatest population densities…

owl: Form and function: …widespread species, such as the Eurasian scops owl (O. scops) and the screech owl, geographic variation is so great that some divergent races are more different from one another than some species are from one another. In the far north there is only a faint pattern on a whitish background;…

owl: Ecology: The whiskered owl (Otus trichopsis) takes flying insects in foliage. Fish owls (Ketupa and Scotopelia) are adapted for taking live fish but also eat other animals. Specialized forms of feeding behaviour have been observed in some owls. The elf owl (Micrathene whitneyi), for instance, has been…

Sword Beach: Orne and Dives rivers air-assault zones: …battery fell to Lieutenant Colonel Terence Otway’s 9th Battalion. The 9th, however, had a bad drop, and the attack began with only 150 men of the 750-man force. The daring attack captured the battery at a cost of half the attacking force. The defending Germans paid a terrible price: only…

Thomas Otway was an English dramatist and poet, one of the forerunners of sentimental drama through his convincing presentation of human emotions in an age of heroic but artificial tragedies. His masterpiece, Venice Preserved, was one of the greatest theatrical successes of his period. Otway

Ötzi, an ancient mummified human body that was found by German tourists, Erika and Helmut Simon, on the Similaun Glacier in the Tirolean Ötztal Alps, on the Italian-Austrian border, on September 19, 1991. Radiocarbon-dated to 3300 bce, the body is that of a human male about 45 years of age who had

Ötztal Alps, eastern segment of the Central Alps lying mainly in the southern Tirol (western Austria) and partly in northern Italy. The mountains are bounded by the Rhaetian Alps and Reschenscheideck Pass (Italian Passo di Resia, west-southwest), the Inn River valley (north), the Zillertal Alps and

Ötztal Alps, eastern segment of the Central Alps lying mainly in the southern Tirol (western Austria) and partly in northern Italy. The mountains are bounded by the Rhaetian Alps and Reschenscheideck Pass (Italian Passo di Resia, west-southwest), the Inn River valley (north), the Zillertal Alps and

Tōhoku, chihō (region), constituting the northern portion of Honshu, Japan. It is bordered to the west by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) and to the east by the Pacific Ocean and includes the ken (prefectures) of Aomori, Akita, Iwate, Yamagata, Miyagi, and Fukushima. Its name is derived from the

Ōu Mountains, range forming the backbone of northeastern Honshu, Japan, and extending for 310 miles (500 km) south from Aomori ken (prefecture) to Fukushima ken. Geologically, dominant sediments of Neogene and Paleogene age (i.e., those about 2.6 to 65 million years old) are occasionally

Ōu Mountains, range forming the backbone of northeastern Honshu, Japan, and extending for 310 miles (500 km) south from Aomori ken (prefecture) to Fukushima ken. Geologically, dominant sediments of Neogene and Paleogene age (i.e., those about 2.6 to 65 million years old) are occasionally

Ou River, river in northern Laos, one of the 12 principal tributaries of the Mekong River; it is 236 miles (380 km) long. The Ou River rises on the Chinese frontier north of Muang Ou Nua and flows south and southwest through the gorges and mountain valleys of the northernmost part of Laos before

Wenzhou: …the south bank of the Ou River, some 19 miles (30 km) from its mouth. The estuary of the Ou River is much obstructed by small islands and mudbanks, but the port is accessible by ships of up to about 1,000 tons. The Ou long provided the main transport artery…

Ōu Mountains, range forming the backbone of northeastern Honshu, Japan, and extending for 310 miles (500 km) south from Aomori ken (prefecture) to Fukushima ken. Geologically, dominant sediments of Neogene and Paleogene age (i.e., those about 2.6 to 65 million years old) are occasionally

Ouyang Xiu was a Chinese poet, historian, and statesman of the Song dynasty who reintroduced the simple “ancient style” in Chinese literature and sought to reform Chinese political life through principles of classical Confucianism. Ouyang Xiu’s father, a judge in Mianyang, died when Ouyang was

Eddie Van Halen: Career with Van Halen: …three Van Halen studio albums, OU812 (1988), For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge (1991), and Balance (1995), also reached number one. The relationship between Eddie Van Halen and Hagar began to fray in 1996, and Hagar left the band in June of that year.

Ouachita Geosyncline, a linear trough in the Earth’s crust in which rocks of the Paleozoic Era (from 542 million to 251 million years ago) were deposited along the southern margin of North America, from Mississippi to eastern Mexico. Most of the belt is overlain by undisturbed, younger rocks of the

Ouachita Mountains, a rugged range of large hills that continues the Ozark Mountains in the United States. The Ouachita Mountains extend approximately 225 miles (360 km) east to west from Little Rock, Arkansas, to Atoka, Oklahoma, and approximately 50–60 miles (80–95 km) north to south from the

Ouachita orogeny, a mountain-building event that resulted in the folding and faulting of exposed strata in the Ouachita Geosyncline in the southern portion of the United States in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and the Marathon uplift region of West Texas. The deformation is Late Paleozoic in age, probably

University of Louisiana at Monroe, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Monroe, Louisiana, U.S. It comprises a graduate school and colleges of business administration, education, liberal arts, pharmacy and health sciences, and pure and applied sciences and schools of music and

Washita River, river rising in the Texas Panhandle, northwestern Texas, U.S. It flows east across the Oklahoma boundary, then southeast to south-central Oklahoma, and south into Lake Texoma, formed by Denison Dam in the Red River, downstream from the former mouth of the Washita at Woodville,

Ouachita River, river rising in the Ouachita Mountains of west-central Arkansas, U.S., and flowing in a generally southeasterly direction to join the Red River in Louisiana after a course of 605 miles (973 km). The lower 57 miles (92 km) of the Ouachita (from its confluence with the Tensas River)

Ouaddaï, historic and cultural region in eastern Chad, central Africa. The chief town of the region is Abéché. The region’s area of savanna grasslands roughly corresponds to the formerly independent Ouaddaï Muslim sultanate (see Wadai, Kingdom of). Crossed by caravans linking the Sahara with

Wadai, historical African kingdom east of Lake Chad and west of Darfur, in what is now the Ouaddaï (q.v.) region of eastern Chad. It was founded in the 16th century, and a Muslim dynasty was established there about 1630. Long subordinate to Darfur, it became independent by the 1790s and began a

Ouaddaï, historic and cultural region in eastern Chad, central Africa. The chief town of the region is Abéché. The region’s area of savanna grasslands roughly corresponds to the formerly independent Ouaddaï Muslim sultanate (see Wadai, Kingdom of). Crossed by caravans linking the Sahara with

Ouagadougou, capital and largest city of Burkina Faso, western Africa. It was the capital of the historic Mossi kingdom of Wagadugu (founded in the 15th century) and the seat of the morho naba (“great king”) of the Mossi people. Islam became the religion of the kings under Naba Dulugu (ruled

western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: …and the Mossi kingdoms—such as Wagadugu (Ouagadougou) and Yatenga (or Wahiguya), north of Dagomba and closer to the Niger Bend—were founded by conquerors coming from the east. The structures of these kingdoms, which were extant into the beginning of the colonial era, seem to have been erected about the 15th…

Oran, city, northwestern Algeria. It lies along an open bay on the Mediterranean Sea coast, about midway between Tangier, Morocco, and Algiers, at the point where Algeria is closest to Spain. With the adjacent city of Mers el-Kebir, a fishing centre at the western end of the bay, Oran is the

Senegal: Drainage: …Dagana it forms the so-called False Delta (or Oualo), which supplies Lake Guier on the south (left) bank. At the head of the delta is the town of Richard-Toll (the “Garden of Richard”), named for a 19th-century French nursery gardener. The slope of the land is so gentle on this…

Atlantic salmon: The ouananiche (Salmo salar ouananiche) of rivers and the sebago, or lake, salmon (S. salar sebago) are smaller, landlocked forms of Atlantic salmon, also prized for sport. The Atlantic salmon has also been successfully introduced into the Great Lakes of the United States. (See also salmon.)

Mali: 2020 and 2021 coups and transitional administration: N’Daw appointed Moctar Ouane, a veteran diplomat, interim prime minister, and Ouane took office on September 28. In April 2021 the transitional administration announced that a constitutional referendum would be held in October followed by elections in February 2022.

Wargla, city, east-central Algeria. It is situated on the western edge of a sabkha (large, enclosed basin) in the Sahara. One of the oldest settlements in the Sahara was made by the Ibāḍiyyah, a Muslim heretical sect, at nearby Sedrata in the 10th century (ruins remain). In the 11th century they

Atlas Mountains: Physiography: …the rugged bastion of the Ouarsenis Massif (which reaches a height of 6,512 feet), the Great Kabylie, which reaches 7,572 feet at the peak of Lalla Khedidja, and the mountains of Kroumirie in Tunisia are all prominent.

Ouarzazat, town, south-central Morocco. It lies on the Saharan side of the High Atlas Mountains and is situated in the valley of the Ouarzazate River near its juncture with the Drâa River. The town originated as a military post during the French occupation (1932–56). Still a military centre with a

Togo: Relief, drainage, and soils: Beyond the coast lies the Ouatchi Plateau, which stretches about 20 miles (32 km) inland at an elevation of some 200 to 300 feet (60 to 90 metres). This is the region of the so-called terre de barre, a lateritic (reddish, leached, iron-bearing) soil.

Alassane Ouattara is an Ivoirian economist and politician who was elected president of Côte d’Ivoire in 2010. Despite Ouattara’s victory, the incumbent, Laurent Gbagbo, refused to step down, and the two established parallel administrations that both claimed legitimacy—until Gbagbo’s arrest in April

Alassane Ouattara is an Ivoirian economist and politician who was elected president of Côte d’Ivoire in 2010. Despite Ouattara’s victory, the incumbent, Laurent Gbagbo, refused to step down, and the two established parallel administrations that both claimed legitimacy—until Gbagbo’s arrest in April

Ouazzane, city, north-central Morocco. It lies at the southwestern edge of the Rif Mountains. Ouazzane is situated on the northern slope of Mount Bouhelal, at an elevation of 1,066 feet (325 metres). It was founded in 1727 as a religious community on the site of a village named Dechra Jabal

Great Fish River, river in the Cape Midlands, Eastern Cape province, southern South Africa. The Great Fish River has a length of 430 miles (692 km) and a drainage area of 11,900 square miles (30,800 square km). Its main northern tributary, the Great Brak River, rises in 7,000-foot- (2,100-metre-)

Ubangi River, largest right-bank tributary of the Congo River, marking the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) and the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville). The Ubangi is formed by the union (near Yakoma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the border of the Central

Mōri Family: …when some vassals of the Ōuchi family, then the dominant power in west Honshu and probably the most powerful warriors in all Japan, revolted against the Ōuchi’s autocratic rule. Under the leadership of Mōri Motonari (1497–1571), his family, though not directly involved in the uprising, was able to profit by…

Italo-Turkish War: By the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne (also called Treaty of Ouchy; Oct. 18, 1912), Turkey conceded its rights over Tripoli and Cyrenaica to Italy. Although Italy agreed to evacuate the Dodecanese, its forces continued to occupy the islands.

opioid: …is referred to medically as opioid use disorder.

oud, stringed musical instrument prominent in medieval and modern Islamic music. It is the parent of the European lute. The oud has a deep pear-shaped body, a fretless fingerboard, and a relatively shorter neck and somewhat less acutely bent-back pegbox than the European lute. The tuning pegs are

oud, stringed musical instrument prominent in medieval and modern Islamic music. It is the parent of the European lute. The oud has a deep pear-shaped body, a fretless fingerboard, and a relatively shorter neck and somewhat less acutely bent-back pegbox than the European lute. The tuning pegs are

Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud was a Dutch architect notable for his pioneering role in the development of modern architecture. Oud was educated in Amsterdam and at the Delft Technical University, after which he worked with a number of architects in Leiden and Munich. In 1916 he met Theo van Doesburg,

Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands, small independent Roman Catholic church in the Netherlands that dates from the early 18th century. A schism developed in the Roman Catholic Church in Holland in 1702 when Petrus Codde, archbishop of Utrecht, was accused of heresy for suspected sympathy with

Morocco: Cultural institutions: The Oudaïa Museum (founded 1915; also known as the Museum of Moroccan Art) is located near Rabat’s Oudaïa Casbah. Originally constructed as a private residence in the 17th century, the museum has collections of premodern Moroccan arts and crafts, as does the Dar El-Jamaï Museum (1920),…

Richmond: …1661 at Oude Dorp (Old Town). Three years later the British took control. Richmond County (named for Charles Lennox, 1st duke of Richmond and natural son of Charles II) was organized in 1683.

Jan Lievens was a versatile painter and printmaker whose style derived from both the Dutch and Flemish schools of Baroque art. A contemporary of Rembrandt, he was a pupil of Joris van Schooten (1616–18) and of Rembrandt’s teacher Pieter Lastman in Amsterdam (1618–20). After residing in Leiden for a

Oudenaarde, municipality, Flanders Region, west-central Belgium. It lies along the Scheldt (Schelde) River south of Ghent. A prosperous tapestry-making centre in the Middle Ages, its industry declined in the 15th century with the success of the Gobelin tapestry weavers (trained in Oudenaarde), many

Battle of Oudenaarde, (July 11, 1708), victory over the French won by the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy during the War of the Spanish Succession; it eventually led to the Allied (Anglo-Dutch-Austrian) recapture of Ghent and Bruges, which had been captured by the French on July 4–5.

Pieter Bruegel, the Elder was the greatest Flemish painter of the 16th century, whose landscapes and vigorous, often witty scenes of peasant life are particularly renowned. Since Bruegel signed and dated many of his works, his artistic evolution can be traced from the early landscapes, in which he

Pieter Bruegel, the Elder was the greatest Flemish painter of the 16th century, whose landscapes and vigorous, often witty scenes of peasant life are particularly renowned. Since Bruegel signed and dated many of his works, his artistic evolution can be traced from the early landscapes, in which he

Pieter Bruegel, the Elder was the greatest Flemish painter of the 16th century, whose landscapes and vigorous, often witty scenes of peasant life are particularly renowned. Since Bruegel signed and dated many of his works, his artistic evolution can be traced from the early landscapes, in which he

Awadh, historic region of northern India, now constituting the northeastern portion of Uttar Pradesh state. Awadh is situated in the heavily populated heart of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and is known for its rich alluvial soils. It received its name from Ayodhya, the capital of the ancient kingdom of

Ayodhya, town in northern India that is known as a sacred city and the birthplace of Rama in Hinduism and as a historical center of Buddhism. On a site significant to both Hindus and Muslims was a Mughal-era mosque, the Babri Masjid, which was destroyed in 1992 amid interreligious tensions. After a

Nicolas-Charles Oudinot, duc de Reggio was a general, administrator, and marshal of France in the Napoleonic Wars. His career illustrates the opportunities to rise in the French army after the Revolution. Oudinot was the son of a businessman. In 1784 he joined France’s royal army but, since

Katagum: …Scottish explorers Hugh Clapperton and Walter Oudney visited Katagum, it had two surrounding walls (20 ft [6 m] in height, a 10-ft base with four gates), a central mosque, and considerable trade, using cowrie shells for currency. Oudney died in Katagum and was buried at Murmur, a settlement just beyond…

Jean-Baptiste Oudry was a French Rococo painter, tapestry designer, and illustrator, considered one of the greatest animal painters of the 18th century. Oudry first studied portrait painting with Nicolas de Largillière, a portraitist of Parisian society, through whom he made many connections. His

Oudtshoorn, town, Western Cape province, South Africa. It is located about midway between Cape Town on the west and Gqeberha (formerly Port Elizabeth) on the east along the banks of Grobbelaars River. First settled in 1847, it was named (in 1863) after a baron who died in 1773 en route to his

arroyo, a dry channel lying in a semiarid or desert area and subject to flash flooding during seasonal or irregular rainstorms. Such transitory streams, rivers, or creeks are noted for their gullying effects and especially for their rapid rates of erosion, transportation, and deposition. There have

el-Oued, town, largest of the Souf Oases in northeastern Algeria. It lies in the northern Sahara some 50 miles (80 km) west of the border with Tunisia. Surrounded by the sand dunes of the Grand Erg Oriental, the Souf Oases extend for 25 miles (40 km) northwest to southeast. A river (oued) once