quantum mechanics: Paradox of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen: …physicists in the United States, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, analyzed a thought experiment to measure position and momentum in a pair of interacting systems. Employing conventional quantum mechanics, they obtained some startling results, which led them to conclude that the theory does not give a complete description of physical…

wart: …treated with the application of podophyllin, a toxic substance derived from the mayapple. Warts sometimes disappear spontaneously.

mayapple, (Podophyllum peltatum), perennial herbaceous plant of the family Berberidaceae (order Ranunculales) native to eastern North America, most commonly in shady areas on moist, rich soil. Its plant is 30 to 45 cm (12 to 18 inches) tall. Its dark green, umbrella-like leaves, nearly 30 cm

Podostemaceae, riverweed family of dicotyledonous flowering plants in the order Malpighiales, with 48 genera and 270 species of aquatic plants that look like mosses, liverworts, algae, and even lichens and live on rocks in rushing rivers and waterfalls. Many species lack both stems and leaves;

Podostemaceae, riverweed family of dicotyledonous flowering plants in the order Malpighiales, with 48 genera and 270 species of aquatic plants that look like mosses, liverworts, algae, and even lichens and live on rocks in rushing rivers and waterfalls. Many species lack both stems and leaves;

Podostemaceae: …and northwestern tropical South America), Podostemum (17 species, worldwide tropics and subtropics), Dicraea (12 species, tropics of Asia and Africa), Hydrobryum (10 species, eastern Nepal, Assam, and southern Japan), Castelnavia (9 species, Brazil), Mourera (6 species, northern tropical South America), and Oserya (7 species,

Podostemaceae: One representative, the riverweed (Podostemum ceratophyllum), grows in shallow streams in North America from western Quebec southward to Georgia and Arkansas.

passeriform: Feet and legs: …by a horny sheath (podotheca). Exceptions include some swallows, which have feathered tarsi. Although the various different patterns of scale size and distribution of the normal unfeathered podotheca have been used by some taxonomists to differentiate families or groups of families, study has revealed so much variability in the…

Modest Mussorgsky: Life and career: …he composed his Podpraporshchik (Porte-Enseigne Polka), published at his father’s expense. Although not the most industrious of students, he gave proof of tremendous curiosity and wide-ranging intellectual interests.

puppetry: Styles of puppet theatre: …of the Little Ones of Vittorio Podrecca, which introduced the marionette pianist and the soprano with heaving bosom that have been widely copied ever since.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky: A Writer’s Diary and other works: …Grazhdanin to write Podrostok (1875; A Raw Youth, also known as The Adolescent), a relatively unsuccessful and diffuse novel describing a young man’s relations with his natural father.

Olga Tokarczuk: Novels and other works: …Tokarczuk wrote her first novel, Podróż ludzi księgi (“The Journey of the Book-People”), a parable set in 17th-century France and Spain. It won the Polish Publisher’s Prize for best debut. Her third novel, Prawiek i inne czasy (1996; Primeval and Other Times), established Tokarczuk as an imaginative author and crucial…

Podzol, one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Podzols form under forested landscapes on coarse parent material that is high in quartz. They have a characteristic subsurface layer known as the spodic horizon made up of accumulated

Podzol, one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Podzols form under forested landscapes on coarse parent material that is high in quartz. They have a characteristic subsurface layer known as the spodic horizon made up of accumulated

podzolic soil, soil usually forming in a broadleaf forest and characterized by moderate leaching, which produces an accumulation of clay and, to some degree, iron that have been transported (eluviated) from another area by water. The humus formed produces a textural horizon (layer) that is less

Little Alfold, extensive basin occupying the northwestern part of Transdanubia in northwestern Hungary, and extending into Austria and Slovakia (where it is called Podunajská Lowland). It has an area of approximately 3,000 square miles (8,000 square km). It is bounded on the south and east by the

Little Alfold, extensive basin occupying the northwestern part of Transdanubia in northwestern Hungary, and extending into Austria and Slovakia (where it is called Podunajská Lowland). It has an area of approximately 3,000 square miles (8,000 square km). It is bounded on the south and east by the

Little Alfold, extensive basin occupying the northwestern part of Transdanubia in northwestern Hungary, and extending into Austria and Slovakia (where it is called Podunajská Lowland). It has an area of approximately 3,000 square miles (8,000 square km). It is bounded on the south and east by the

Emir Kusturica: Hollywood and a second Golden Palm: …his next movie, Podzemlje (1995; Underground), Kusturica won his second Golden Palm, joining a small group of directors who had twice won the top prize at Cannes: Alf Sjöberg, Francis Ford Coppola, and Bille August. The movie is a parable on the breakup of Yugoslavia, including a memorable scene of…

Podzol, one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Podzols form under forested landscapes on coarse parent material that is high in quartz. They have a characteristic subsurface layer known as the spodic horizon made up of accumulated

Podzol, one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Podzols form under forested landscapes on coarse parent material that is high in quartz. They have a characteristic subsurface layer known as the spodic horizon made up of accumulated

podzolic soil, soil usually forming in a broadleaf forest and characterized by moderate leaching, which produces an accumulation of clay and, to some degree, iron that have been transported (eluviated) from another area by water. The humus formed produces a textural horizon (layer) that is less

Heilongjiang: Soils: …the cold, wet soils are podzolized; i.e., the soluble salts and organic matter are leached out of the topsoil and deposited in an underlying subsoil. Such soils are of low fertility, and their cultivation causes erosion. The humus-rich, highly fertile black soils that cover one-fourth of the province are found…

Edgar Allan Poe was an American short-story writer, poet, critic, and editor who is famous for his cultivation of mystery and the macabre. His tale “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841) initiated the modern detective story, and the atmosphere in his tales of horror is unrivaled in American

Lilies of the Field: Production notes and credits:

Daniel Hoffman: Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe (1972), a biography of Edgar Allan Poe, was nominated for a National Book Award.

animal social behaviour: Dominance: …role in mating patterns in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), where more dominant males tend to mate with more dominant females. Higher-status pairs then experience greater overwinter survival, presumably compete more effectively for high-quality breeding space, and produce more offspring.

molly, any of several species of tropical fish of the genus Poecilia, in the live-bearer family, Poeciliidae (order Cyprinodontiformes). Hardy and attractive, mollies are popular aquarium fish ranging from about 5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches) long. Well-known species include the molly (P. sphenops),

molly: Hybrids are also known, including P. formosa, a so-called species that is always female, resulting from a cross between P. sphenops and P. latipinna. There are several colour varieties of mollies, among them the black mollies, which may belong to any of the species mentioned.

molly: …and the sailfin mollies (P. latipinna and P. velifera), which are shiny and bluish and are noted for the large, showy dorsal fin of the male. Hybrids are also known, including P. formosa, a so-called species that is always female, resulting from a cross between P. sphenops and P.…

guppy, (Poecilia reticulata or Lebistes reticulatus), colourful, live-bearing freshwater fish of the family Poeciliidae, popular as a pet in home aquariums. The guppy is hardy, energetic, easily kept, and prolific. The male guppy, much the brighter coloured of the sexes, grows to about 4

molly: latipinna and P. velifera), which are shiny and bluish and are noted for the large, showy dorsal fin of the male. Hybrids are also known, including P. formosa, a so-called species that is always female, resulting from a cross between P. sphenops and P. latipinna. There are…

live-bearer, any of the numerous live-bearing topminnows of the family Poeciliidae (order Atheriniformes), found only in the New World and most abundantly in Mexico and Central America. Most of the many species are rather elongated, and all are small, the largest growing to only about 15

plant bug: …the important species is the four-lined plant bug (Poecilocapsus lineatus), which feeds mainly on blueberries, currants, and gooseberries. This yellowish bug has four longitudinal black lines along its back and is about 8 mm long. It feeds on plant juices, producing brown spots on leaves and causing them to wither.…

weasel: The African striped weasel (Poecilogale albinucha) is found in Africa south of the Congo Basin. Similar in habit to weasels of the genus Mustela, it is striped in light yellow and black, with black underparts and a long white tail.

crustacean: Annotated classification: Order Poecilostomatoida Parasites and commensals of fish and invertebrates; mouth not tubelike or suckerlike; mandibles reduced; adult segmentation often reduced or lost; mostly marine, few freshwater. Order Siphonostomatoida Mouth tubelike or forms a sucker with styletlike mandibles; adult segmentation reduced or lost; parasites and commensals on…

Indonesia: Literature: …writers, who created the journal Poedjangga Baroe (“The New Writer”). Published in the Indonesian language, as opposed to Dutch, this literary periodical was devoted to disseminating new ideas and expressions that ran counter to the type of writing sanctioned by the colonial government. Under the intellectual leadership of S. Takdir…

Amy Poehler is an American comedian and actress who was a cast member of Saturday Night Live (SNL) from 2001 to 2008 and starred in the popular television sitcom Parks and Recreation (2009–15), which she also produced. Poehler’s father, Bill, and mother, Eileen (née Milmore) Poehler, were both

Amy Poehler is an American comedian and actress who was a cast member of Saturday Night Live (SNL) from 2001 to 2008 and starred in the popular television sitcom Parks and Recreation (2009–15), which she also produced. Poehler’s father, Bill, and mother, Eileen (née Milmore) Poehler, were both

William Poel was an English actor, theatre manager, and producer who revolutionized modern Shakespearean production by returning to Elizabethan staging. Poel was reared among the Pre-Raphaelite artists, and as a boy he posed for William Holman Hunt. He early decided to go on the stage. After

Jan Both: …in a few cases by Cornelis van Poelenburgh, who also painted Both’s portrait. Both’s etchings, based on some of his paintings, are most delicately done.

Hans Poelzig was a German architect who is remembered for his Grosses Schauspielhaus (1919), an auditorium in Berlin that was one of the finest architectural examples of German Expressionism. Poelzig taught at the Breslau Art Academy (1900–16) and the Technical Academy in Berlin (1920–35). His

Deaths and Entrances: …collection, “Fern Hill” and “Poem in October,” are expressive, visionary, and mystical odes to innocence and childhood, based on adult recollections. Other poems include “The Conversation of Prayer,” “A Winter’s Tale,” “Ceremony After a Fire Raid,” “Vision and Prayer,” and “A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of…

I Sing the Body Electric, poem by Walt Whitman, published without a title in Leaves of Grass (1855 edition), later appearing as “Poem of the Body,” and acquiring its present title in 1867. The poem is a paean to the human form in all its manifestations of soundness. The respective vigours of male

Spain: Society, economy, and culture: …tongue, Poema del Cid (The Poem of the Cid), signaled the beginning of the development of a significant vernacular literature. Although the literary production of Spanish authors was still limited, through his historical works Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, archbishop of Toledo (died 1247), fixed the standard for Spanish historiography…

Albert Roussel: …Poème de la forêt (1904–06; The Poem of the Forest), show the influence of the Impressionist style of Claude Debussy as well as that of Roussel’s training at the Schola Cantorum, where he came under the tutelage of César Franck. Early compositions inspired by Roussel’s knowledge of the East include…

Ludlul bel nemeqi, in ancient Mesopotamian religious literature, a philosophical composition concerned with a man who, seemingly forsaken by the gods, speculates on the changeability of men and fate. The composition, also called the “Poem of the Righteous Sufferer” or the “Babylonian Job,” has been

al-Būṣīrī: …for his poem Al-Burdah (The Poem of the Scarf).

Ibn al-Fāriḍ: Arberry, The Poem of the Way, 1952). Almost equally famous is his “Khamrīyah” (“Wine Ode”; Eng. trans., with other poems, in Reynold Alleyne Nicholson’s Studies in Islamic Mysticism [1921] and in The Mystical Poems of Ibn al-Fāriḍ, translated by A.J. Arberry [1956]). This long qaṣīdah describes…

Poem Scroll with Deer, a work of ink and gold on paper that was a collaboration created in the early 17th century between Japanese calligrapher Hon’ami Kōetsu and Japanese painter Sōtatsu .Originally some 66 feet (20 m) long, this fragment is the longest continuous portion of the scroll, which was

Joseph Addison: Early life: In 1695 A Poem to his Majesty (William III), with a dedication to Lord Keeper Somers, the influential Whig statesman, brought favourable notice not only from Somers but also Charles Montague (later earl of Halifax), who saw in Addison a writer whose services were of potential use…

Alice Walker: Later work and controversies: …Goodness of the Earth (2003), A Poem Traveled Down My Arm (2003), Hard Times Require Furious Dancing (2010), and Taking the Arrow Out of the Heart (2018). Her Blue Body Everything We Know: Earthling Poems (1991) collects poetry from 1965 to 1990.

Anna Akhmatova: …work and perhaps her masterpiece, Poema bez geroya (“Poem Without a Hero”), on which she worked from 1940 to 1962, was not published in the Soviet Union until 1976. This difficult and complex work, in which the life of St. Petersburg bohemia in pre-World War I years is “double-exposed” onto…

Adam Ważyk: …these feelings were expressed in “Poemat dla dorosłych” (1955; “A Poem for Adults,” partial Eng. trans. by Paul Mayewski, in Adam Gillon and Ludwik Krzyżanowski [eds.], Introduction to Modern Polish Literature), published in a literary weekly, Nowa Kultura. This poem in 15 parts makes a plea for freedom and in…

Cantar de Mio Cid, Spanish epic poem of the mid-12th century, the earliest surviving monument of Spanish literature and generally considered one of the great medieval epics and one of the masterpieces of Spanish literature. The poem tells of the fall from royal favour and the eventual vindication

Cantar de Mio Cid, Spanish epic poem of the mid-12th century, the earliest surviving monument of Spanish literature and generally considered one of the great medieval epics and one of the masterpieces of Spanish literature. The poem tells of the fall from royal favour and the eventual vindication

Italian literature: Literary trends before World War I: …the “crepuscular” mood of D’Annunzio’s Poema paradisiaco (1893; “Paradisiacal Poem”) can be found in each movement, and most Futuristic “new theories”—the identification of art with action, heroism, and speed; the free use of words—were implied in D’Annunzio’s Laus Vitae (1903; “In Praise of Life”).

Giovanni Battista Casti: …he was treated well, his Poema tartaro mocked the adulation shown the Empress. Returning to Vienna, he was named poet laureate in 1790. After a time in Italy, he settled in Paris, where he lived for the rest of his life. There he wrote his other major work, Gli animali…

Carlos Germán Belli: …verse in his first books, Poemas (1958) and Dentro & fuera (1960; “Inside and Out”), is Surrealist in tone but exhibits many of the characteristics that Belli honed in such later collections as Por el monte abajo (1966; “Through the Woods Below”) and El pie sobre el cuello (1967; “The…

Vicente Aleixandre: …death, knowledge, and experience in Poemas de la consumación (1968; “Poems of Consummation”) and Diálogos del conocimiento (1974; “Dialogues of Insight”). In addition to writing poetry of great originality and depth, Aleixandre also published the prose work Los encuentros (1958; “The Meetings”), a book of fond sketches of his fellow…

César Vallejo: …of poetry, Poemas humanos (1939; Human Poems), which presents an apocalyptic vision of an industrial society in crisis and unable to advance beyond a state of mass evil, alienation, and despair.

Dámaso Alonso: His first volume of poems, Poemas puros (1921; “Pure Poems”), were imagist, emphasizing economy of expression, but his later poetry evolved into a freer, more complex style, especially in his most famous poetical works, Oscura noticia (1944; “Dark Message”) and Hijos de la ira (1944; Children of Wrath). Poemas escogidos…

Julio Herrera y Reissig: …Matins of the Night”) and Poemas violetas (1906; “Violet Poems”), among other volumes, were recognized by critics for their vividly imaginative evocation of commonplace scenes of everyday life as well as for their innovative use of language. Although he often used deliberately ludicrous titles, such as Pianos crepusculares (1910; “Twilight…

Nicanor Parra: With Poemas y antipoemas (1954; Poems and Antipoems), Parra’s efforts to make poetry more accessible gained him national and international fame. In lucid, direct language, these verses treat with black humour and ironic vision common, everyday problems of a grotesque and often absurd world.

Czesław Miłosz: His first book of verse, Poemat o czasie zastygłym (1933; “Poem of Frozen Time”), expressed catastrophic fears of an impending war and worldwide disaster. During the Nazi occupation he moved to Warsaw, where he was active in the resistance and edited Pieśń niepodległa: poezja polska czasu wojny (1942; “Independent Song:…

Albert Roussel: …Poème de la forêt (1904–06; The Poem of the Forest), show the influence of the Impressionist style of Claude Debussy as well as that of Roussel’s training at the Schola Cantorum, where he came under the tutelage of César Franck. Early compositions inspired by Roussel’s knowledge of the East include…

Edgard Varèse: In the Poème électronique (1958), written for the Philips Pavilion at the Brussels World’s Fair, the sound was intended to be distributed by 425 loudspeakers.

George Enesco: In 1898 his Poème roumain was played in Paris, and in 1899 he won the first prize for violin at the Paris Conservatory. He then began his career as a virtuoso violinist and became widely known for his interpretations of Bach. He was also known as a conductor.

György Ligeti: …Collective Composition (1961) and his Poème symphonique (1962). The former consists of the composer regarding the audience from the stage and the audience’s reactions to this; the latter is written for 100 metronomes operated by 10 performers.

Jean Sénac: …poetry, as in the volume Poèmes (1954), is bitter and regretful in its treatment of his childhood but optimistic with regard to his own creative possibilities as a man as well as to those of his people. With the outbreak of the Algerian war of independence in 1954, however, he…

Alain Grandbois: …in early volumes such as Poèmes (1934) and Les Îles de la nuit (1944; “The Isles of the Night”). Later collections include Poèmes (1963) and Selected Poems (1964), containing both the French originals and English translations. He also wrote biographies of Louis Jolliet, Né à Québec (1948; Born in Quebec),…

Anne Hébert: After publishing Poèmes (1960), which included the poems of Le Tombeau des rois, Mystère de la parole (“The Mystery of the Words”), and a significant essay on poetry and for which she won her first Governor General’s Award, she turned chiefly to fiction.

Alfred-Victor, count de Vigny: Youth and Romantic works.: …of Poèmes under the title Poèmes antiques et modernes (1826) was also a success.

Paul Verlaine: Life.: …Baudelaire and Leconte de Lisle, Poèmes saturniens included poignant expressions of love and melancholy supposedly centred on his cousin Élisa, who married another and died in 1867 (she had paid for this book to be published). In Fêtes galantes personal sentiment is masked by delicately clever evocations of scenes and…

André van Hasselt: …the Études rhythmiques (published in Poëmes, paraboles, odes, et études rhythmiques, 1862), a collection of some 120 poems in which he attempted to create a Romantic formalism in French verse by applying principles of Germanic prosody.

Italian literature: The Risorgimento and after: …and in the classicism of Poemi conviviali (1904; “Convivial Poems”). Later he produced—both in humanistic Latin and in self-consciously elaborate Italian—heroic hymns in honour of two sacred cities, Rome and Turin.

Giovanni Pascoli: …and historic poetic works, notably Poemi del Risorgimento (1913). English translations of his poems were published in 1923 and 1927. He also translated poems of Wordsworth, Shelley, and Tennyson. An Italian literary award, the Pascoli Prize, was established in 1962 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his death, and his…

Riccardo Bacchelli: …published a notable volume of Poemi lirici (“Lyric Poems”) in 1914, when he began service in World War I as an artillery officer. After the war, as a collaborator on the Roman literary periodical La Ronda, he attempted to discredit contemporary avant-garde writers by holding up as models the Renaissance…

Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Major literary work of Alfred, Lord Tennyson: In 1842 Tennyson published Poems, in two volumes, one containing a revised selection from the volumes of 1830 and 1832, the other, new poems. The new poems included “Morte d’Arthur,” “The Two Voices,” “Locksley Hall,” and “The Vision of Sin” and other poems that reveal a strange naïveté, such…

Oscar Wilde: Aestheticism, early writings, and marriage: …published, at his own expense, Poems (1881), which echoed, too faithfully, his discipleship to the poets Algernon Swinburne, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and John Keats. Eager for further acclaim, Wilde agreed to lecture in the United States and Canada in 1882, announcing on his arrival at customs in New York City…

Arthur Hugh Clough: Nonetheless, Clough’s Poems (1862) proved so popular that they were reprinted 16 times within 40 years of his death. His best verse has a flavour that is closer to the taste and temper of the 20th century than to the Victorian age, however. Among his works are…

Alan Dugan: …in his first verse collection, Poems (1961), which in 1962 won a National Book Award and a Pulitzer Prize.

Ralph Waldo Emerson: Mature life and works: Emerson’s collected Poems (1846) were supplemented by others in May-Day (1867), and the two volumes established his reputation as a major American poet.

Robert Finch: His first collection, Poems (1946), won a Governor General’s Award, as did a later work, Acis in Oxford (1961), a series of meditations inspired by a performance of G.F. Handel’s dramatic oratorio Acis and Galatea. Dover Beach Revisited (1961), treating the World War II evacuation of Dunkirk and…

John Keats: Early works: Keats’s first book, Poems, was published in March 1817 and was written largely under “Huntian” influence. This is evident in the relaxed and rambling sentiments evinced and in Keats’s use of a loose form of the heroic couplet and light rhymes. The most interesting poem in this volume…

George Meredith: Beginnings as poet and novelist.: …little collection of verse, entitled Poems, in 1851. Though the writer and critic William Michael Rossetti praised it, Charles Kingsley, the novelist, found “very high promise” in it, and the poet Alfred Tennyson said kindly that he wished he might have written the beautiful “Love in the Valley,” praise added…

Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The later years of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The publication of these poems followed in 1870. The Poems were well enough received until a misdirected, savage onslaught by “Thomas Maitland” (pseudonym of the journalist-critic Robert Buchanan) on “The Fleshly School of Poetry” singled out Rossetti for attack. Rossetti responded temperately in “The Stealthy School of Criticism,” published…

Jens Peter Jacobsen: …partially translated into English as Poems [1920]). At the turn of the 20th century, his writings and exquisite style exerted a spellbinding influence upon a great number of writers both in Denmark and abroad. Among his most ardent worshipers were such poets as Stefan George and Rainer Maria Rilke.

Charles Cotton: …edition of Cotton’s poetry is Poems (1958), edited by John Buxton.

Heinrich Heine: Later life and works: …Gedichte 1853 und 1854 (Poems 1853 and 1854), is of the same order. After nearly eight years of torment, Heine died and was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery.

Nicanor Parra: With Poemas y antipoemas (1954; Poems and Antipoems), Parra’s efforts to make poetry more accessible gained him national and international fame. In lucid, direct language, these verses treat with black humour and ironic vision common, everyday problems of a grotesque and often absurd world.

Algernon Charles Swinburne: …by the first series of Poems and Ballads in 1866, which clearly display Swinburne’s preoccupation with masochism, flagellation, and paganism. This volume contains some of his finest poems, among them “Dolores” and “The Garden of Proserpine.” The book was vigorously attacked for its “feverish carnality”—Punch referred to the poet as…

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: In Poems Before Congress (1860), the poem “A Curse for a Nation” was mistaken for a denunciation of England, whereas it was aimed at U.S. slavery. In the summer of 1861 Browning suffered a severe chill and died.

George Moses Horton: …Hope of Liberty (1829; retitled Poems by a Slave), includes several love lyrics originally written for students, as well as hopeful poems about freedom from enslavement. Probably because of fears of punishment, The Poetical Works of George M. Horton, The Colored Bard of North Carolina (1845) addresses the issue of…

Anne Brontë: …Anne contributed 21 poems to Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell, a joint work with her sisters Charlotte and Emily. Her first novel, Agnes Grey, was published together with Emily’s Wuthering Heights in three volumes (of which Agnes Grey was the third) in December 1847. The reception to these…

Mabel Loomis Todd: A volume of Poems by Emily Dickinson appeared in 1890 and was followed by a second volume in 1891. By herself Todd prepared a third volume, published in 1896. She also published two volumes of Letters of Emily Dickinson in 1894.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Early life and work: …with Frederick and Charles in Poems by Two Brothers (1826; dated 1827). His contributions (more than half the volume) are mostly in fashionable styles of the day.

John Clare: In 1820 his first book, Poems Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery, was published and created a stir. Clare visited London, where he enjoyed a brief season of celebrity in fashionable circles. He made some lasting friends, among them Charles Lamb, and admirers raised an annuity for him. That same…

Diane di Prima: …New Handbook of Heaven (1963), Poems for Freddie (1966; later published as Freddie Poems [1974]), Earthsong: Poems 1957–59 (1968), The Book of Hours (1970), Loba, Parts 1–8 (1978), Pieces of a Song (1990), and 22 Death Poems (1996). She also wrote

Etheridge Knight: …his first volume of verse, Poems from Prison (1968). His poetry combined the energy and bravado of African American “toasts” (long narrative poems that were recited in a mixture of street slang, specialized argot, and obscenities) with a concern for freedom from oppression.