Ars Nova: …Marchettus of Padua, whose treatise Pomerium (in the early 14th century) outlines certain rhythmic innovations in Italian notation of the time. The most important composers of 14th-century Italy are Jacopo da Bologna, Francesco Landini, and Ghirardello da Firenze.

Guyana: Drainage: …by shorter rivers, including the Pomeroon, the Mahaica, the Mahaicony, and the Abary.

cool jazz: …saxophonist John LaPorta and trumpeter Herb Pomeroy were playing very much in the cool style that was considered West Coast.

James Joyce: Legacy of James Joyce: …works—some verse (Chamber Music, 1907; Pomes Penyeach, 1927; Collected Poems, 1936) and a play, Exiles (1918)—though competently written, added little to his international stature.

pomfret, any of the approximately 35 species of marine fishes constituting the family Bramidae (order Perciformes), with representatives occurring in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Most are relatively rare. Members of the family are characterized by a single dorsal fin, extending the

molecular gastronomy: Historical precedents and development: …the 20th century, French microbiologist Édouard de Pomiane published best-selling books on cooking, notably the influential La Cuisine en dix minutes; ou, l’adaptation au rhythme moderne (1930; French Cooking in Ten Minutes; or, Adapting to the Rhythm of Modern Life), though some criticized the work for confusing science, technology, and…

Pomigliano d’Arco, town, Campania regione, southern Italy, at the northern foot of Vesuvius. It is an agricultural centre with a castle dating from the 15th century. An air-force flight-training establishment is nearby. The town is the site of an automobile factory established in 1970, one of the

sword: …a large protective guard or pommel at the top. The blade was straight, double-edged, and pointed; it was fabricated by repeated firing and hammering, a process that converted the iron into mild steel by the addition of a small amount of carbon. Blades were also made of laminated strips of…

pommel horse, gymnastics apparatus, a leather-covered form 1.6 meters (63 inches) long, 34 to 36 cm (13.4 to 14.2 inches) wide, and (measured to its top) about 115 cm (45.3 inches) from the floor with a support in its center. Curved wooden pommels (handholds) 12 cm (4.7 inches) high are inserted 40

bombarde, double-reed wind instrument belonging to the oboe or shawm family. It has a wooden body ranging from 10 to 20 inches (25 to 50 cm), usually with six finger holes and one or two keyed holes along its front, a cane reed, and a wide, flaring metal bell. The instrument is held in a position

Pomerania, historic region of northeastern Europe lying along the Baltic coastal plain between the Oder and the Vistula rivers. Politically, the name also came to include the area west of the Oder as far as Stralsund, including the island of Rügen (Rugia). Most of Pomerania is now part of Poland,

canals and inland waterways: Europe: …were the Mons-Condé and the Pommeroeul-Antoing canals, which connected the Haine and the Schelde; the Sambre was canalized; the Willebroek Canal was extended southward with the building of the Charleroi-Brussels Canal in 1827; and somewhat later the Campine routes were opened to serve Antwerp and connect the Meuse and Schelde.…

french fries, side dish or snack typically made from deep-fried potatoes that have been cut into various shapes, especially thin strips. Fries are often salted and served with other items, including ketchup, mayonnaise, or vinegar. In addition, they can be topped with more substantial fare, such as

pomo, either of two different phrases (two different Chinese characters are pronounced po) that describe two kinds of textured surface given to Chinese paintings (see cun). The more common interpretation of pomo is “broken ink,” which, though it is now difficult to identify, was supposedly an

Pomo, Hokan-speaking North American Indians of the west coast of the United States. Their territory was centred in the Russian River valley some 50 to 100 miles (80 to 160 km) north of what is now San Francisco. Pomo territory also included the adjacent coastlands and the interior highlands near

Pietro Antonio Cesti: …opera, Il pomo d’oro (1667; The Golden Apple); his masterpiece, Dori (1661); and his most popular opera, Orontea, appear in modern editions. He is said to have written about 100 operas, but only 15 are extant. Christ Church, Oxford, Eng., possesses an important manuscript collection of 18 secular and three…

tomato, (Solanum lycopersicum), flowering plant of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), cultivated extensively for its edible fruits. Labelled as a vegetable for nutritional purposes, tomatoes are a good source of vitamin C and the phytochemical lycopene. The fruits are commonly eaten raw in salads,

alewife, (Pomolobus, or Alosa, pseudoharengus), important North American food fish of the herring family, Clupeidae. Deeper-bodied than the true herring, the alewife has a pronounced saw-edge on the underside; it grows to about 30 cm (1 foot). Except for members of a few lake populations, it spends

horticulture: …of plants for food (pomology and olericulture) and plants for ornament (floriculture and landscape horticulture). Pomology deals with fruit and nut crops. Olericulture deals with herbaceous plants for the kitchen, including, for example, carrots (edible root), asparagus (edible stem), lettuce (edible leaf),

Libbey Inc.: …and ruby tones; and the Pomona, which has a frosted surface and a light yellow colour.

Mainland, central and largest of the Orkney Islands of Scotland, which lie off the northern tip of the Scottish mainland. The shores of this irregularly shaped island are deeply indented (from north and south, respectively) by the inlets of Kirkwall Bay and Scapa Flow, reducing its width to less

Pomona, city, Los Angeles county, southern California, U.S. It lies in the Pomona Valley at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. Originally inhabited by Gabrielino (Tongva) Indians, the area became the site of the Rancho San José Spanish land grant in the 18th century. Founded in 1875 and

Pomona: …city was named for the Roman goddess of fruit that grows on trees. Development was sustained by railroad links and artesian irrigation. Winemaking soon became important but was replaced by citrus and olive growing in the late 19th century. By the mid-20th century rapid residential and industrial growth paralleled the…

Claremont Colleges: …comprises five undergraduate schools (Pomona College, Scripps College, Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, and Pitzer College) and two graduate schools (Claremont Graduate University and the Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences). The campuses are adjacent to one another, and many facilities are shared,

opera: Early opera in France and England: Pomone (1671) by Robert Cambert, on a pastoral libretto by Pierre Perrin involving ballet, spectacle, and machinery, is commonly called the first French opera. Its premiere almost certainly inaugurated the Académie Royale de Musique (now the Paris Opéra) on March 3, 1671. Only the overture,…

Pomorskie, województwo (province), northern Poland. It is bordered by the Baltic Sea to the north and by the provinces of Warmińsko-Mazurskie to the east, Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Wielkopolskie to the south, and Zachodniopomorskie to the west. It was created in 1999 when the 49 Polish provinces

Pomeranian Lakeland, lake district, northwestern Poland. Located immediately south of the Baltic coastal plain, the 20,000-square-mile (52,000-square-km) lakeland is bounded by the lower Oder River on the west, the ancient river valley occupied by the modern Warta and Noteć rivers on the south, and

Pomerania: …5th century ce, the Slavic Pomeranians (Pomorzanie) and Polabs. Mieszko I, prince of Poland (died 992), mastered it, and in 1000 his successor, Bolesław I the Brave, organized a diocese in Pomerania with its seat at Kołobrzeg. A local dynasty then ruled Pomerania and also the region to the west,…

Pomerania, historic region of northeastern Europe lying along the Baltic coastal plain between the Oder and the Vistula rivers. Politically, the name also came to include the area west of the Oder as far as Stralsund, including the island of Rügen (Rugia). Most of Pomerania is now part of Poland,

crappie, either of two freshwater North American fishes of the genus Pomoxis, family Centrarchidae (order Perciformes). Crappies are rather deep-bodied fishes that are popular as food and are prized by sport fishermen. They are native to the eastern United States but have been introduced elsewhere.

crappie: The white crappie (P. annularis) generally inhabits rather warm, silty lakes and rivers. Silvery, with irregular dark markings, it is usually lighter in colour than the similar black crappie, or calico bass (P. nigromaculatus), which tends to frequent clear lakes and streams.

crappie: …in colour than the similar black crappie, or calico bass (P. nigromaculatus), which tends to frequent clear lakes and streams.

Noël Coward: Pomp and Circumstance (1960) is a light novel, and Not Yet the Dodo (1967) is a collection of verse. His autobiography through 1931 appeared as Present Indicative (1937) and was extended through his wartime years in Future Indefinite (1954); a third volume, Past Conditional, was…

Pomp and Circumstance March in D Major, Op. 39, No. 1, march by English composer Edward Elgar, composed in 1901 and premiered on October 19 of that year. It is the first of five marches by Elgar bearing the title Pomp and Circumstance, a phrase taken from Shakespeare’s Othello recalling triumph in

pompadour, style of dressing the hair in which the front hair is rolled back and the side hair up to meet it in a roll that is drawn high over the forehead; also a type of bodice that is cut square and low over the bosom. The styles were introduced by Madame de Pompadour, mistress of King Louis XV

Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, marquise de Pompadour was an influential mistress (from 1745) of the French king Louis XV and a notable patron of literature and the arts. Her parents were on the fringes of a class gaining in importance, speculators in the world of finance. Some of these people made

Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, marquise de Pompadour was an influential mistress (from 1745) of the French king Louis XV and a notable patron of literature and the arts. Her parents were on the fringes of a class gaining in importance, speculators in the world of finance. Some of these people made

Pamplona, capital of both the provincia (province) and the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Navarra, northeastern Spain. It lies on the western bank of the Arga River in the fertile La Cuenca region. Situated in an irrigated cereal-producing area, Pamplona is a flourishing agricultural

pompano, (Trachinotus), any of several marine fishes of the family Carangidae (order Perciformes). Pompanos, some of which are highly prized as food, are deep-bodied, toothless fishes with small scales, a narrow tail base, and a forked tail. They are usually silvery and are found along shores in

Pompano Beach, city, Broward county, southeastern Florida, U.S. It lies along the Atlantic Ocean just north of Fort Lauderdale and about 5 miles (8 km) south of Boca Raton. The Intracoastal Waterway passes through the city between the mainland and the barrier beaches. The town of Pompano (so named

dolphin: …the family is the smaller pompano dolphin (C. equiselis).

butterfish: …cm (8 inches) long; the Pacific pompano (Peprilus simillimus), a silvery Californian fish; and Pampus argenteus, a black-spotted, Oriental fish.

Pompe’s disease, hereditary defect in the body’s ability to metabolize glycogen, resulting in a muscle disorder that is usually fatal during the first year of life. The defect responsible, absence of the enzyme alpha-1,4-glucosidase, is extremely rare, occurring in fewer than one in every 150,000

Pompe’s disease, hereditary defect in the body’s ability to metabolize glycogen, resulting in a muscle disorder that is usually fatal during the first year of life. The defect responsible, absence of the enzyme alpha-1,4-glucosidase, is extremely rare, occurring in fewer than one in every 150,000

Pompeii, preserved ancient Roman city in Campania, Italy, 14 miles (23 km) southeast of Naples, at the southeastern base of Mount Vesuvius. Around noon on August 24, 79 ce, a huge eruption from Mount Vesuvius showered volcanic debris over the city of Pompeii, followed the next day by clouds of

Pompeii, preserved ancient Roman city in Campania, Italy, 14 miles (23 km) southeast of Naples, at the southeastern base of Mount Vesuvius. Around noon on August 24, 79 ce, a huge eruption from Mount Vesuvius showered volcanic debris over the city of Pompeii, followed the next day by clouds of

Pamplona, capital of both the provincia (province) and the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Navarra, northeastern Spain. It lies on the western bank of the Arga River in the fertile La Cuenca region. Situated in an irrigated cereal-producing area, Pamplona is a flourishing agricultural

Soli, ancient Anatolian seaport located west of modern Mersin, in south-central Turkey. Soli was founded by Greek colonists from Rhodes and was so prosperous when taken by Alexander the Great in 333 bc that he was able to exact from it a fine of 200 talents for its attachment to Persia. The city

Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius was the younger son of the Roman general Pompey the Great, and a vigorous opponent of Pompey’s Caesarian rivals. After his father was killed in the Civil War (49–45 bc) against Julius Caesar, Pompeius fled to Spain, where he continued the struggle against Caesar’s

Pompey the Great was one of the great statesmen and generals of the late Roman Republic, a triumvir (61–54 bce) who was an associate and later an opponent of Julius Caesar. He was initially called Magnus (“the Great”) by his troops in Africa (82–81 bce), and he assumed the cognomen Magnus after 81.

Alba: …which was probably founded by Pompeius Strabo (consul, 89 bce) when he constructed the road from Aquae Statiellae (Acqui Terme) to Augusta Taurinorum (Turin). The town became an episcopal see dependent on Milan in the 4th century. The San Lorenzo Cathedral (1486) and the civic museum, with collections of Roman…

Staatliche Antikensammlungen: …the museum has operated the Pompejanem, a Roman-style villa inspired by the Pompeii excavations, in Aschaffenburg, Germany.

United States: Cabinet turnover: Trump loyalist Mike Pompeo, whom Trump had appointed as director of the CIA, took over at the Department of State, while John R. Bolton, a controversial former UN ambassador, became national security adviser. Both men were much closer to Trump’s worldview than their predecessors had been. Accusations…

Ellen Pompeo is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Meredith Grey, the titular character in the popular, long-running medical drama television series Grey’s Anatomy (2005– ). She is also known for her performance opposite actors Jake Gyllenhaal and Dustin Hoffman in the drama film

Ellen Pompeo is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Meredith Grey, the titular character in the popular, long-running medical drama television series Grey’s Anatomy (2005– ). She is also known for her performance opposite actors Jake Gyllenhaal and Dustin Hoffman in the drama film

Sacagawea: …gave birth to a son, Jean Baptiste.

Pompey the Great was one of the great statesmen and generals of the late Roman Republic, a triumvir (61–54 bce) who was an associate and later an opponent of Julius Caesar. He was initially called Magnus (“the Great”) by his troops in Africa (82–81 bce), and he assumed the cognomen Magnus after 81.

Alexandria: City layout: …high marble column known as Pompey’s Pillar (actually dedicated to Diocletian soon after 297). Parts of the Arab wall, encompassing a much smaller area than the Greco-Roman city, survive on Ṭarīq al-Ḥurriyyah, but in Ottoman times the city contracted to the stem of the promontory, now the Turkish Quarter. It…

Sacagawea: …Clark named Pompey’s Tower (now Pompey’s Pillar) on the Yellowstone after her son, whom Clark fondly called his “little dancing boy, Pomp.”

Rome: The lower east bank: …been built into and around Pompey’s Theatre, the first stone theatre building in Rome. Inspired by the Greek theatre of Mytilene, in which Pompey the Great had been so spectacularly entertained, it had a portico of 100 columns that was equipped to be a community centre almost as much as…

Sacagawea: …Clark named Pompey’s Tower (now Pompey’s Pillar) on the Yellowstone after her son, whom Clark fondly called his “little dancing boy, Pomp.”

Marcus Aemilius Scaurus: …a quaestor and proquaestor to Gnaeus Pompey in the third war (74–63) between Rome and King Mithradates of Pontus (in northeastern Anatolia).

Pompidou Centre, French national cultural centre on the Rue Beaubourg and on the fringes of the historic Marais section of Paris; a regional branch is located in Metz. It is named after the French president Georges Pompidou, under whose administration the museum was commissioned. The Pompidou

Pompidou Centre: The Pompidou Centre—Metz, an outpost of the centre, opened in May 2010. The avant-garde building, designed by Shigeru Ban of Japan and Jean de Gastines of France, is situated in a park and features an undulating roof of woven timbre that was inspired by a Chinese…

Georges Pompidou was a French statesman, bank director, and teacher who was premier of the Fifth French Republic from 1962 to 1968 and president from 1969 until his death. The son of a schoolteacher, Pompidou graduated from the École Normale Supérieure and then taught school in Marseilles and

spider wasp, (family Pompilidae), any of about 5,000 species of large, parasitoid wasps that paralyze spiders to feed their larval young. They are distributed throughout most of the world. About 40 species occur in Great Britain, and more than 300 species are found in North America. Although they

spider wasp, (family Pompilidae), any of about 5,000 species of large, parasitoid wasps that paralyze spiders to feed their larval young. They are distributed throughout most of the world. About 40 species occur in Great Britain, and more than 300 species are found in North America. Although they

Numa Pompilius was the second of the seven kings who, according to Roman tradition, ruled Rome before the founding of the republic (c. 509 bce). Numa is said to have reigned from 715 to 673. He is credited with the formulation of the religious calendar and with the founding of Rome’s other early

Bill Haley: …piano, the screaming saxophone of Rudy Pompilli (b. April 16, 1924, Chester, Pennsylvania—d. February 5, 1976, Brookhaven, Pennsylvania), and the guitar interplay between Danny Cedrone (b. June 20, 1920, Jamesville, New York—d. June 17, 1954, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and Billy Williamson (b. February 9, 1925, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania—d. March 22, 1996, Swarthmore,…

spider wasp: Pompilus, on the other hand, has a less refined sting. It sometimes kills the spider; in other cases, the spider may survive for a few weeks.

spider wasp: Pompilus plumbeus, found in North America and Europe, carries its prey before it. Others carry the prey sideways or drag it behind. Anoplius depressipes, which captures swamp spiders (Dolomedes), drags its prey across the water. Some spider wasps fly with their prey.

Pietro Pomponazzi was a philosopher and leading representative of Renaissance Aristotelianism, which had developed at Italian universities after the close of the 13th century. Pomponazzi was educated in philosophy and medicine at the University of Padua, and he taught philosophy there

War Admiral: 1937 Triple Crown: …duel between War Admiral and Pompoon. The Pimlico track is noted for its sharp turns, and War Admiral went wide on each of them. As they approached the last turn, with Pompoon a length and a half behind but gaining, War Admiral bore out once more, and Pompoon went to…

Diane Keaton: In Poms (2019) she played a terminally ill woman who forms a cheerleading squad in her retirement community. The dramedy Mack & Rita (2022) centres on a 30-year-old social-media influencer who ages 40 years after spending time in a life-regression machine.

African art: Mende: …in soapstone and known as nomoli, which they set up in shelters to protect the crop. The figures are similar in style and are thought to be similar in date to ivory spoons, boxes, hunting horns, and salt cellars commissioned in the 16th century by Portuguese traders in the adjacent…

Doc Pomus was an American songwriter who teamed with Mort Shuman to write some of the most memorable rock and pop songs in the Brill Building style of the early 1960s. Pomus, who began singing in jazz and blues clubs as a teenager, met pianist Shuman during a recording session. Together (Shuman

Southeast Asian arts: Burma: U Pon Nya created a freer form of dramatic verse, and his Water Seller is noted for its comparatively realistic treatment of court life.

Pohnpei, high coral-capped volcanic island, eastern Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, western Pacific Ocean. Pohnpei is roughly square in shape; it is well watered and hilly (rising to Dolohmwar, 2,595 feet [791 metres] above sea level) and is surrounded by a barrier reef with many

Ponca, North American Indians of the Dhegiha branch of the Siouan language family. The Ponca were never a large tribe; an early estimate places their number at 800 individuals. Perhaps because of their small population, they have moved frequently over the past several centuries. Their original

Ponca City, city, Kay county, northern Oklahoma, U.S. It lies along the Arkansas River, near the Kansas border. Founded overnight in 1893 with the opening of the Cherokee Strip, it was named for the Ponca Indians, who moved in 1879 to a reservation south of the town site. Surrounded by farm and

Ponca City: The city’s airfield (now Ponca City Regional Airport) was used as a training facility for British and American pilots during World War II. One of the hangars from this period has been preserved and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Its Pioneer Woman bronze statue, honouring…

Ponce, major city and principal port of southern Puerto Rico. The third most populous urban centre of the island, after San Juan and Bayamón, the city is situated 3 miles (5 km) north of its port, Playa de Ponce. Founded in either 1670 or 1680 as Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Ponce, it was raised

Juan Ponce de León was a Spanish explorer who founded the first European settlement on Puerto Rico and who is credited with being the first European to reach Florida in 1513. Born into a noble family, Ponce de León was a page in the royal court of Aragon and later fought in a campaign against the

Pedro Ponce de León was a Spanish Benedictine monk believed to have been the first person to develop a method for teaching the deaf. Ponce achieved his first success with Gaspard Burgos, a deaf man who, because of his difficulty with oral communication, had been denied membership in the Benedictine

dye: Food dyes: …includes one other azo dye, Ponceau SX, which is banned in the United States.

Jean-Victor Poncelet was a French mathematician and engineer who was one of the founders of modern projective geometry. As a lieutenant of engineers in 1812, he took part in Napoleon’s Russian campaign, in which he was abandoned as dead at Krasnoy and imprisoned at Saratov; he returned to France in

Charles-Jacques Poncet was a French resident pharmacist in Cairo known for the account of his travels in Ethiopia, which was closed to Europeans after about 1630. Poncet was summoned to Gonder, the Ethiopian capital, to treat the emperor Iyasu I and his son for leprosy. His account of the journey,

Amilcare Ponchielli was an Italian composer, best known for his opera La gioconda (“The Joyful Girl”). Ponchielli studied at Milan and produced his first opera, I promessi sposi (“The Betrothed”; based on the novel by Alessandro Manzoni), in 1856; its revised version was popular in Italy and

poncho, article of clothing of ancient origin, a cloak made of a square or rectangle of cloth with a hole in the middle through which the wearer’s head protrudes. The original poncho, consisting of a rough, brightly coloured, handloomed cloth, was worn in early cultures of Latin America. Ponchos

Rutaceae: Among the ornamentals are Poncirus, a spiny hedge shrub of temperate regions, and Japanese skimmia (Skimmia japonica) and Chinese skimmia (S. reevesiana), which have attractive white flowers and red berries. Orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata) is native to Southeast Asia and is widely grown in the tropics as an ornamental.…

lake: …grasses, trees, or shrubs; and ponds are relatively small in comparison with lakes. Geologically defined, lakes are temporary bodies of water. For a list of the major natural lakes of the world, see below.

alligator apple, (Annona glabra), fruit tree (family Annonaceae) of tropical America valued for its roots, which serve many of the same purposes as cork. The edible fruit has a poor flavour and is not usually eaten fresh but is sometimes used for making jellies. See custard apple. The alligator

buttercup: Major species: Both the pond crowfoot (R. peltatus) and the common water crowfoot (R. aquatilis) have broad floating leaves and finely dissected submerged leaves.

bald cypress: The smaller pond, or upland, cypress of the southeastern U.S. is usually listed as a variety of the bald cypress (T. distichum, variety imbricatum); however, it is sometimes considered to be a separate species (T. ascendens). The closely related Montezuma, or Mexican, cypress (T. mucronatum) is native…

dabbling duck, any of about 38 species of Anas and about 5 species in other genera, constituting the tribe Anatini, subfamily Anatinae, family Anatidae (order Anseriformes). They feed mainly on water plants, which they obtain by tipping-up in shallows—uncommonly by diving (with opened wings); they

Nymphaeales: Nymphaeaceae: The fragrant N. odorata, native to the eastern United States, with 13-cm (5-inch) white flowers, and its cultivars (horticultural varieties) are widely grown in parks, gardens, and natural ponds in warm temperate regions. Nuphar (yellow pond lily) is noted for its globose flowers, which are often held…

spirogyra, (genus Spirogyra), any member of a genus of some 400 species of free-floating green algae (division Chlorophyta) found in freshwater environments around the world. Named for their beautiful spiral chloroplasts, spirogyras are filamentous algae that consist of thin unbranched chains of

water strider, any insect of the family Gerridae (order Heteroptera), which numbers about 350 species. Water striders, often seen running or skating in groups over the surface of a pond or stream, are slender, dark coloured, and generally more than 5 mm (0.2 inch) long. With their short front legs

gastropod: Classification: pond snails (Physidae); all restricted to freshwater habitats. Superorder Stylommatophora Mantle cavity a pulmonary sac; gonopores with common opening on right side or at most narrowly separated; shell conical to vestigial, heavily to weakly calcified; eyes at tips of upper (usually) tentacles; terrestrial; about 26,800…

frog and toad: From tadpole to adult: The tadpoles of the pond breeders characteristically have rather large bodies and deep caudal (tail) fins, which in some have a terminal extension, as do the familiar swordtail fishes (Xiphophorus). The mouth is relatively small, either at the end of the snout or on the underside, and usually contains…