- POTUS (United States government)
presidency of the United States of America, chief executive office of the United States. In contrast to many countries with parliamentary forms of government, where the office of president, or head of state, is mainly ceremonial, in the United States the president is vested with great authority and
- Potvin, Denis (Canadian hockey player)
New York Islanders: …including goaltender Billy Smith, defenseman Denis Potvin, right wing Mike Bossy, centre Bryan Trottier, and left wing Clark Gillies. That young group (all but Smith were no older than age 25 at the start of the 1979–80 season) played with postseason poise that belied their youth, losing just three games…
- Potwar Plateau (region, Pakistan)
Potwar Plateau, tableland in Rawalpindi, Attock, and Jhelum districts, Punjab province, Pakistan. Lying between the Indus and Jhelum rivers and bounded on the north by the Hazara Hills and on the south by the Salt Range, its varied landscape is constantly affected by erosion. Its elevation varies
- Pouce, Le (sculpture by César)
César: …a representation of his thumb; Le Pouce, a 12-metre (40-foot) version, was erected in the Parisian quarter of La Défense. César’s most massive work was a 520-ton barrier of compressed automobiles erected at the Venice Biennale in 1995.
- pouch (anatomy)
marsupium, specialized pouch for protecting, carrying, and nourishing newborn marsupial young. A marsupium is found in most members of the order Marsupialia (class Mammalia). In some marsupials (e.g., kangaroos) it is a well-developed pocket, while in others (e.g., dasyurids) it is a simple fold of
- pouch flower (plant)
slipper flower, (genus Calceolaria), genus of more than 300 species of annual or perennial flowering plants of the family Calceolariaceae, native from Mexico to South America. They are named for their flowers’ pouchlike shape. The flowers are usually yellow, orange, red, or purple with contrasting
- Pouchet, Félix-Archimède (French naturalist)
Félix-Archimède Pouchet was a French naturalist who was a leading advocate of the idea of the spontaneous generation of life from nonliving matter. Pouchet was director of the Rouen Museum of Natural History and the Rouen Jardin des Plantes (1828) and later a professor at the School of Medicine at
- Pouèmo dóu Rose, Lou (poem by Mistral)
Frédéric Mistral: Lou Pouèmo dóu Rose tells of a voyage on the Rhône River from Lyon to Beaucaire by the barge Lou Caburle, which is boarded first by a romantic young prince of Holland and later by the daughter of a poor ferryman. The romance between them…
- Poughkeepsie (New York, United States)
Poughkeepsie, city, seat of Dutchess county, eastern New York, U.S. It lies on the east bank of the Hudson River (there bridged to Highland), 75 miles (121 km) north of New York City. It was settled by the Dutch in 1683; its name, of Wappinger Indian origin, means “reed-covered lodge by the little
- Pougny, Jean (Russian artist)
Ivan Albertovich Puni was a Russian painter and graphic artist who actively furthered the early (prewar) development of the Russian avant-garde. The son of a cellist and grandson of the renowned composer Tsezar Puni (1802–70, originally Cesare Pugni from Italy), Ivan Puni was exposed to music and
- Pouilly, Jean de (13th-century scholar)
Blessed John Duns Scotus: Final period at Cologne of Blessed John Duns Scotus: …quodlibetal disputation, the secular master Jean de Pouilly, for example, declared the Scotist thesis not only improbable but even heretical. Should anyone be so presumptuous as to assert it, he argued impassionedly, one should proceed against him “not with arguments but otherwise.” At a time when Philip IV had initiated…
- Poujade, Pierre (French politician)
Pierre Poujade was a French bookseller, publisher, and politician who led a much publicized right-wing protest movement in France during the 1950s. Poujade served (1939–40) in the aviation wing of the French army during World War II. He fled to Morocco in 1942 and then to England, where he joined
- Poujade, Pierre-Marie (French politician)
Pierre Poujade was a French bookseller, publisher, and politician who led a much publicized right-wing protest movement in France during the 1950s. Poujade served (1939–40) in the aviation wing of the French army during World War II. He fled to Morocco in 1942 and then to England, where he joined
- Poujadisme (French political movement)
National Rally: Origins of the National Front and early political successes: …the right-wing populism of the Poujadisme movement led by Pierre Poujade in the 1950s. Indeed, Le Pen himself was closely tied to Poujadisme, having won a seat in the National Assembly in the 1956 election that proved to be the movement’s high point. Electoral success was slow to come for…
- poulaine (shoe)
crakow, long, pointed, spiked shoe worn by both men and women first in the mid-14th century and then condemned by law. Crakows were named after the city of Kraków (Cracow), Pol., and they were also known as poulaines (Polish). Crakows were admired on the feet of the courtiers of Anne of Bohemia,
- Poular language (African language)
western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: The Fulani language, however, is classified as part of the Niger-Congo family of languages spoken by Black Africans, and the earliest historical documentation reports that the Fulani were living in the westernmost Sudan close to ancient Ghana. The development of this organized kingdom thrust pastoral peoples…
- Poulenc, Camille (French scientist)
Rhône-Poulenc SA: …the pharmaceutical house established by Camille Poulenc (1864–1942), the founder of the French pharmaceutical industry and a collaborator of Pierre and Marie Curie. The new Société des Usines Chimiques Rhône-Poulenc immediately founded subsidiaries to develop pharmaceutical specialties and new techniques for the manufacture of synthetic textiles.
- Poulenc, Francis (French composer)
Francis Poulenc was a composer who made an important contribution to French music in the decades after World War I and whose songs are considered among the best composed during the 20th century. Poulenc was largely self-taught. His first compositions—Rapsodie Nègre (1917), Trois Mouvements
- poulet en barbouille (food)
Berry: Poulet en barbouille is chicken cooked in brandy and served with a sauce made from blood, cream, yolk, and chopped liver. Wines from Quincy and Sancerre in Cher and Reuilly in Indre are produced from Sauvignon vines and have a flinty taste.
- Poulet, Georges (Belgian critic)
Georges Poulet was a Belgian writer, who was a major exponent of the nouvelle critique (“new criticism”) of French literature that developed after World War II. Poulet was educated at the University of Liège, where he received an LL.D. (1925) and a Ph.D. (1927). He served as professor of French at
- Poulin, Jacques (Canadian author)
Canadian literature: Contemporary trends: La Guerre, Yes Sir!); and Jacques Poulin, whose early novels, set in the old city of Quebec, are comic visions of life (Mon cheval pour un royaume [1967], Jimmy [1969], and Le Coeur de la baleine bleue [1970]; translated into English under the title The Jimmy Trilogy). His novel Volkswagen…
- Poullart des Places, Claude-François (French priest)
Holy Ghost Father: …in 1703 at Paris by Claude-François Poullart des Places. Originally intended only for the training of seminarians, the congregation gradually took an active part in missionary work. Suppressed by the French Revolution, it was restored under Napoleon, but persecution kept it weak until 1848, when the Congregation of the Immaculate…
- Poulo Condore Island (island, Vietnam)
Con Son: Con Son Island, which is 13 miles (21 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, is well wooded and has an indented coast. It has also been known as Penitentiary Island because it was used for political prisoners.
- Poulo Condore Islands (island group, Vietnam)
Con Son: The island group consists of 13 volcanic islands and islets about 60 miles (100 km) southeast of the Ca Mau Peninsula in the South China Sea. Con Son Island, which is 13 miles (21 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, is well wooded and…
- Poulsen family (Danish theatrical family)
Poulsen family, famous Danish theatrical family. Emil Poulsen (b. July 9, 1842, Copenhagen, Den.—d. June 3, 1911, Helsinger) and Olaf Poulsen (b. April 26, 1849, Copenhagen, Den.—d. March 26, 1923, Fredensborg) made their acting debuts on the same night in 1867 at the Danish Royal Theatre. Olaf,
- Poulsen, Emil (Danish actor)
Poulsen family: Emil excelled in such serious roles as Macbeth and Shylock and gained equal prominence as a director. Emil’s sons Adam and Johannes Poulsen were successful actors, and another son, Olaf, was a professional ballet dancer, as was Johannes’s wife, Ulla.
- Poulsen, Johannes (Danish actor)
Johannes Poulsen was an actor and director with the Royal Danish Theatre and perhaps the primary member of a famous theatrical family. Poulsen made his professional acting debut at the Dagmar Theatre in Copenhagen in 1901 with his older brother, the actor Adam Poulsen (1879–1969). Johannes joined
- Poulsen, Olaf (Danish actor)
Poulsen family: Olaf, one of Denmark’s most popular comic actors, was critically acclaimed for his appearances in works by Ludvig Holberg and for a myriad of Shakespearean roles, including Falstaff, Bottom in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and Sir Toby in Twelfth Night. Emil excelled in such serious…
- Poulsen, Valdemar (Danish engineer)
Valdemar Poulsen was a Danish engineer who in 1903 developed the first device for generating continuous radio waves, thus aiding the development of radio broadcasting. After his education Poulsen joined the Copenhagen Telephone Company as an assistant in the technical section. While working there,
- poulter’s measure (poetry)
poulter’s measure, a metre in which lines of 12 and 14 syllables alternate. Poulter is an obsolete variant of poulterer (poultry dealer); poulterers traditionally gave one or two extra eggs when selling by the
- poulticing (art restoration)
art conservation and restoration: Stone sculpture: …with water; in such instances, poulticing is an optional method that avoids prolonged submersion of the stone in water and yet maximizes desalination. Poulticing involves wetting the sculpture with water and then placing a clay or paper pulp-based material mixed with water on the surface. As the water is drawn…
- poultry (agriculture)
poultry, in animal husbandry, birds raised commercially or domestically for meat, eggs, and feathers. Chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese are of primary commercial importance, while guinea fowl and squabs are chiefly of local interest. Based on the number of animals, poultry represent the largest
- poultry farming
poultry farming, raising of birds domestically or commercially, primarily for meat and eggs but also for feathers. Chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese are of primary importance, while guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons) are chiefly of local interest. This article treats the principles and
- poultry processing
poultry processing, preparation of meat from various types of fowl for consumption by humans. Poultry is a major source of consumable animal protein. For example, per capita consumption of poultry in the United States has more than quadrupled since the end of World War II, as the industry developed
- POUM (political party, Spain)
Spain: The Civil War: …Party of Marxist Unification (Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista; POUM), which rejected the Popular Front in favour of a workers’ government, set off a rebellion in Barcelona in May 1937. The communists, Republicans, and anti-Caballero socialists used this as an excuse to oust Largo Caballero, who proved insufficiently pliable…
- Pounamu, Pounamu (short stories by Ihimaera)
Witi Ihimaera: …published his first short-story collection, Pounamu, Pounamu (“Greenstone, Greenstone”). It was written for secondary-school students and presents one of his characteristic themes—traditional communal Māori society confronted by mechanized individualistic Pākehā society. His Tangi (1973; “Mourning”) is the first novel in English by a Māori author. The novel Whanau (1974; “Family”)…
- pounce box (writing accessories)
inkstand: …candlestick to hold small tapers), pounce box (for sprinkling pounce, a powdered gum that fixed ink to paper), wafer-box (to hold wafers used to seal letters), a penknife, and quills. The use of inkstands gradually disappeared after fountain pens were perfected early in the 20th century.
- pouncet-box (metalwork)
pouncet-box, small silver box, the sides of which are “pounced,” or pierced, with holes, containing a sponge soaked in pungent vinegar to ward off diseases and offensive odours. The box was carried by English gentlemen from about the mid-16th to the early 17th century. See also pomander; potpourri;
- pound (unit of weight)
pound, unit of avoirdupois weight, equal to 16 ounces, 7,000 grains, or 0.45359237 kg, and of troy and apothecaries’ weight, equal to 12 ounces, 5,760 grains, or 0.3732417216 kg. The Roman ancestor of the modern pound, the libra, is the source of the abbreviation lb. In medieval England several
- pound (telephone button)
telephone: Push-button dialing: …bearing the star (*) and pound (#) symbols, to accommodate various data services and customer-controlled calling features. Each of the rows and columns is assigned a tone of a specific frequency, the columns having higher-frequency tones and the rows having tones of lower frequency. When a button is pushed, a…
- pound (money)
pound sterling, the basic monetary unit of Great Britain, divided (since 1971) decimally into 100 new pence. The term is derived from the fact that, about 775, silver coins known as “sterlings” were issued in the Saxon kingdoms, 240 of them being minted from a pound of silver, the weight of which
- pound avoirdupois (measurement)
Imperial units: Early origins: …precious metals, and the pound avoirdupois, for other goods sold by weight.
- pound cake
baking: Foams and sponges: … and whole eggs, as in pound cakes, is an air-in-oil emulsion. Proteins and starch, scattered throughout the emulsion in a dispersed condition, gradually coalesce as the batter stands or is heated. Fats and oils, in addition to yolk lipids, can be added to such systems without causing complete collapse but…
- pound lock (waterway)
lock, enclosure or basin located in the course of a canal or a river (or in the vicinity of a dock) with gates at each end, within which the water level may be varied to raise or lower boats. Where the required lift is of considerable height, a series of connected but isolable basins, or locks, is
- pound net (fishing)
commercial fishing: Traps: …or weirs, and the large pound nets. The oldest type may be the Italian tonnara, used in the Mediterranean for tuna from the Bosporus to the Atlantic. Very large pound nets are also used by the Japanese on the Pacific coast, by the Danes and their neighbours off the eastern…
- Pound Quartzite (geology)
Pound Quartzite, formation of Precambrian rocks (dating from 3.96 billion to 540 million years ago) in the region of Adelaide, South Australia. The Pound Quartzite consists of shales and siltstones, limestones, and quartzites; it is notable because from it a very early fossil assemblage, the
- pound sign (symbol)
number sign, versatile symbol (#) most commonly used to preface numbers (e.g., apartment #1) but which encompasses a variety of other uses, especially to tag (or hashtag) posts and messages on social media platforms. The origin of the number sign is usually attributed to the Latin term libra pondo,
- pound sterling (money)
pound sterling, the basic monetary unit of Great Britain, divided (since 1971) decimally into 100 new pence. The term is derived from the fact that, about 775, silver coins known as “sterlings” were issued in the Saxon kingdoms, 240 of them being minted from a pound of silver, the weight of which
- Pound, Ezra (American poet)
Ezra Pound was an American poet and critic, a supremely discerning and energetic entrepreneur of the arts who did more than any other single figure to advance a “modern” movement in English and American literature. Pound promoted, and also occasionally helped to shape, the work of such widely
- Pound, Ezra Loomis (American poet)
Ezra Pound was an American poet and critic, a supremely discerning and energetic entrepreneur of the arts who did more than any other single figure to advance a “modern” movement in English and American literature. Pound promoted, and also occasionally helped to shape, the work of such widely
- Pound, Louise (American linguist)
ballad: Theories: … (1844–1912) and the American linguist Louise Pound (1872–1958). They held that each ballad was the work of an individual composer, who was not necessarily a folk singer, tradition serving simply as the vehicle for the oral perpetuation of the creation. According to the widely accepted communal re-creation theory, put forward…
- Pound, Roscoe (American jurist, botanist, and educator)
Roscoe Pound was an American jurist, botanist, and educator, chief advocate of “sociological jurisprudence” and a leader in the reform of court administration in the United States. After studying botany at the University of Nebraska and law at Harvard (1889–90), Pound was admitted to the Nebraska
- poundage (English history)
tonnage and poundage, customs duties granted since medieval times to the English crown by Parliament. Tonnage was a fixed subsidy on each tun (cask) of wine imported, and poundage was an ad valorem (proportional) tax on all imported and exported goods. Though of separate origin, they were granted
- pounder (tool)
hand tool: Hammers and hammerlike tools: …by other names, such as pounder, beetle, mallet, maul, pestle, sledge, and others. The best known of the tools that go by the name hammer is the carpenter’s claw type, but there are many others, such as riveting, boilermaker’s, bricklayer’s, blacksmith’s, machinist’s
- Poundmaker (Cree chief)
Poundmaker was a chief of the Cree people of the western plains of Canada who took part in the 1885 Riel Rebellion—an uprising of First Nations people and Métis (persons of mixed Native American and European ancestry)—against the Canadian government. When Sir John Douglas Sutherland Campbell,
- Poupard, Henri-Pierre (French composer)
Henri Sauguet was a French composer of orchestral, choral, and chamber music notable for its simple charm and melodic grace. While organist at a church near Bordeaux, Sauguet studied composition and, at the encouragement of Darius Milhaud, moved to Paris. There he became one of the four young Erik
- Pouplinière, Le Riche de la (French music patron)
Jean-Philippe Rameau: …contact at this time was Le Riche de la Pouplinière, one of the wealthiest men in France and one of the greatest musical patrons of all time. Rameau was put in charge of La Pouplinière’s excellent private orchestra, a post he held for 22 years. He also taught the financier’s…
- Pour le Mérite (Prussian honor)
Pour le Mérite, distinguished Prussian order established by Frederick II the Great in 1740, which had a military class and a class for scientific and artistic achievement. This order superseded the Ordre de la Générosité (French: “Order of Generosity”) that was founded by Frederick I of Prussia in
- pour point (petroleum oil)
petroleum: Boiling and freezing points: However, the pour point—the temperature below which crude oil becomes plastic and will not flow—is important to recovery and transport and is always determined. Pour points range from 32 °C to below −57 °C (90 °F to below −70 °F).
- Pour un nouveau roman (work by Robbe-Grillet)
Alain Robbe-Grillet: …(Pour un nouveau roman, 1963; Toward a New Novel; Essays on Fiction). Robbe-Grillet’s world is neither meaningful nor absurd; it merely exists. Omnipresent is the object—hard, polished, with only the measurable characteristics of pounds, inches, and wavelengths of reflected light. It overshadows and eliminates plot and character. The story is…
- pourpoint (clothing)
gipon, tunic worn under armour in the 14th century and later adapted for civilian use. At first a tight-fitting garment worn next to the shirt and buttoned down the front, it came down to the knees and was padded and waisted. Later in the century the gipon became shorter, and it was replaced by the
- Pourtalès family (Swiss family)
Neuchâtel crisis: …members of the family of Pourtalès. When its leaders were arrested, Frederick William appealed to the Swiss Federal Council for their release and also asked the French emperor Napoleon III to intercede for them. The Swiss at first persisted in declaring that the rebels must be brought to trial. Prussia…
- Pousette-Dart, Richard (American artist)
Abstract Expressionism: William Baziotes, Ad Reinhardt, Richard Pousette-Dart, Elaine de Kooning, and Jack Tworkov. Most of these artists worked, lived, or exhibited in New York City.
- Poush Parbon (Hindu festival)
Makar Sankranti, Hindu festival in January celebrating the entrance of the Sun into the astrological sign of makara (corresponding to Capricorn) and the beginning of the Sun’s uttarayana (northward journey). Makar Sankranti occurs on January 14 (or 15 during a leap year). Did You Know? The Sun’s
- Poussaint, Alvin (American psychiatrist)
Alvin Poussaint was an American psychiatrist specializing in child psychiatry and in issues of racial identity and health among African Americans. Poussaint also served as a consultant to popular television programs that featured African American characters. The son of Haitian immigrants, Poussaint
- Poussaint, Alvin Francis (American psychiatrist)
Alvin Poussaint was an American psychiatrist specializing in child psychiatry and in issues of racial identity and health among African Americans. Poussaint also served as a consultant to popular television programs that featured African American characters. The son of Haitian immigrants, Poussaint
- Pousseur, Henri (Belgian composer)
Henri Pousseur was a Belgian composer whose works encompass a variety of 20th-century musical styles. He wrote music for many different combinations of performers as well as for electronic instruments, alone or with live performers. Pousseur studied at the Liège Conservatory from 1947 to 1952 and
- Poussin, Gaspard (French painter)
Gaspard Dughet was a landscape painter of the Baroque period known for his topographic views of the Roman Campagna. He worked chiefly in Rome and its vicinity throughout his life, but, because his father was French, it is usual to class him among the French school. Dughet’s sister married Nicolas
- Poussin, Nicolas (French painter)
Nicolas Poussin was a French painter and draftsman who founded the French Classical tradition. He spent virtually all of his working life in Rome, where he specialized in history paintings—depicting scenes from the Bible, ancient history, and mythology—that are notable for their narrative clarity
- Poussinist (art)
Poussinist, any of the supporters of the supremacy of disegno (“drawing”) over colour in the “quarrel” of colour versus drawing that erupted in the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris in 1671. The quarrel was over the preeminent importance of drawing (i.e., the use of line to
- Poussiniste (art)
Poussinist, any of the supporters of the supremacy of disegno (“drawing”) over colour in the “quarrel” of colour versus drawing that erupted in the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris in 1671. The quarrel was over the preeminent importance of drawing (i.e., the use of line to
- pout (fish)
bib, common fish of the cod family, Gadidae, found in the sea along European coastlines. The bib is a rather deep-bodied fish with a chin barbel, three close-set dorsal fins, and two close-set anal fins. It usually grows no longer than about 30 cm (12 inches) and is copper red with darker bars.
- Pouteria campechiana (tree and fruit)
canistel, (Pouteria campechiana), small tree of the sapodilla family (Sapotaceae), grown for its edible fruits. Canistel is native to Cental America and northern South America and cultivated in other tropical regions. The sweet fruits have orange flesh and are commonly eaten fresh or made into
- Pouteria sapota (plant and fruit)
sapote, (Pouteria sapota), plant of the sapodilla family (Sapotaceae) and its edible fruit. Sapote is native to Central America but cultivated as far north as the southeastern United States. The fruit is commonly eaten fresh and is also made into smoothies, ice cream, and preserves. The large
- Poŭthĭsăt (Cambodia)
Chan I: …was crowned at Pursat (Poŭthĭsăt), south of the Tonle Sap (“Great Lake”), in 1516. Ruling from Pursat until 1528, he reorganized the Cambodian army and held the Thais in abeyance. When he gained control of the city of Lovek (between the present Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh, and the Tonle…
- poutine (food)
poutine, a Canadian dish made of french fries topped with cheese curds and gravy. It first appeared in 1950s rural Québec snack bars and was widely popularized across Canada and beyond in the 1990s. Poutine may be found everywhere from fine dining menus at top restaurants to fast-food chains. It
- Pouto (ancient city, Egypt)
Wadjet: …form of the ancient Egyptian Per Wadjit (Coptic Pouto, “House of Wadjit”), the name of the capital of the 6th Lower Egyptian nome (province), present-day Tall al-Farāʿīn, of which the goddess was the local deity.
- Pouvanaa a Oopa (Polynesian leader)
French Polynesia: History of French Polynesia: In 1958 Pouvanaa a Oopa, vice president of the Council of Government, announced a plan to secede from France and form an independent Tahitian republic. He was subsequently arrested; the movement collapsed, and local powers were again curtailed. France issued new statutes granting more local autonomy in…
- pouvoir-savoir (philosophy)
continental philosophy: Foucault: …of his own devising, “power-knowledge” (pouvoir-savoir), by which he meant to indicate the myriad ways in which, in any age, structures of social power and governing epistemes reinforce and legitimate each other. (The integral relationship between psychiatry and mental asylums is one example of such mutual legitimation; the relationship…
- povada (Indian literature)
South Asian arts: Marathi: …Marathi is the tradition of povāḍās, heroic stories popular among a martial people. There is no way of dating the earliest of these; but the literary tradition is particularly vital at the time of Śivajī, the great military leader of Mahārāshtra (born 1630), who led his armies against the might…
- Považská Bystrica (Slovakia)
Považská Bystrica, town, Střední Slovensko kraj (region), northwestern Slovakia. It is situated 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Žilina on the Váh River. The town is a popular excursion centre because of its location near the picturesque Javorníky Mountains. Economic activities include the manufacture
- Poveda Burbano, Alfredo (Ecuadorian military leader)
Alfredo Poveda Burbano was the head of the military junta that overthrew the regime of Ecuadorian President Guillermo Rodríguez Lara in a bloodless coup on Jan. 11, 1976, and held power until the return to civilian rule in 1979. Poveda was vice admiral of the navy at the time. Poveda was educated
- Poveka (American artist)
Maria Martinez was an American artist who, with her husband, Julian Martinez, pioneered a pottery style comprising a black-on-black design with matte and glossy finishes. Together they helped revitalize Pueblo pottery and transformed typically utilitarian objects into works of art that gained
- Poverello (Italian saint)
St. Francis of Assisi ; canonized July 16, 1228; feast day October 4) was the founder of the Franciscan orders of the Friars Minor (Ordo Fratrum Minorum), the women’s Order of St. Clare (the Poor Clares; with St. Clare of Assisi), and the lay Third Order. He was also a leader of the movement of
- poverty (sociology)
poverty, the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. Poverty is said to exist when people lack the means to satisfy their basic needs. In this context, the identification of poor people first requires a determination of what constitutes basic
- Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (work by Sen)
Amartya Sen: In his book Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (1981), Sen revealed that in many cases of famine, food supplies were not significantly reduced. Instead, a number of social and economic factors—such as declining wages, unemployment, rising food prices, and poor food-distribution systems—led to starvation…
- Poverty Bay (inlet, Pacific Ocean)
Poverty Bay, inlet of the southern Pacific Ocean, bounded by eastern North Island, New Zealand. The town of Gisborne is situated on its northern shore. Poverty Bay is 6 miles (10 km) long and 4 miles (6 km) wide. Named by Captain James Cook, it is the site of the explorer’s first landing (1769) in
- poverty oat grass (plant)
oat grass: Poverty oat grass (D. spicata) is a grayish green mat-forming species that grows on dry poor soil in many parts of North America.
- Poverty of Philosophy, The (work by Marx)
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: Early life and education: …misère de la philosophie (1847; The Poverty of Philosophy, 1910). It was the beginning of a historic rift between libertarian and authoritarian Socialists and between anarchists and Marxists which, after Proudhon’s death, was to rend Socialism’s First International apart in the feud between Marx and Proudhon’s disciple Bakunin and which…
- Poverty Point National Monument (archaeological site, Louisiana, United States)
Poverty Point National Monument, site of a prehistoric Native American city, located in northeastern Louisiana, U.S., about 50 miles (80 km) east of Monroe. Designated a national historic landmark in 1962 and authorized as a national monument in 1988, it is managed by the state of Louisiana as
- Poverty Row studio (American company)
B-film: …studios were collectively known as Poverty Row, Gower Gulch, or the B-Hive.
- poverty-reduction and growth facility (economics)
International Monetary Fund: Financing balance-of-payments deficits: …deficits; and, since 1987, a poverty-reduction and growth facility. Each facility has its own access limit, disbursement plan, maturity structure, and repayment schedule. The typical IMF loan, known as an upper-credit tranche arrangement, features an annual access limit of 100 percent of a member’s quota, quarterly disbursements, a one- to…
- Povest nepogashennoy luny (work by Pilnyak)
Boris Pilnyak: …his Povest nepogashennoy luny (The Tale of the Unextinguished Moon), a scarcely veiled account of the death of Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze, the famous military commander, during an operation. The issue of the magazine in which the tale was published was withdrawn immediately, and a new issue omitting it was…
- Povest o zhizni (work by Paustovsky)
Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky: …work, Povest o zhizni (1946–62; The Story of a Life), published in several volumes, is an autobiographical cycle of reminiscences.
- Povest vremennykh let (Russian literature)
The Russian Primary Chronicle, medieval Kievan Rus historical work that gives a detailed account of the early history of the eastern Slavs to the second decade of the 12th century. The chronicle, compiled in Kiev about 1113, was based on materials taken from Byzantine chronicles, west and south
- Povětroň (work by Čapek)
Karel Čapek: …the world’s incomprehension; Povětroň (1934; Meteor) illustrates the subjective causes of objective judgments; and Obyčejný život (1934; An Ordinary Life) explores the complex layers of personality underlying the “self” an “ordinary” man thinks himself to be.
- Povich, Maurice Richard (American talk-show host)
Maury Povich is an American journalist, newscaster, and talk-show host best known for his television tabloid show Maury (originally known as The Maury Povich Show), which ran from 1991 to 2022. He earlier worked as a news anchor in several U.S. cities. Povich is one of three children born to Ethyl
- Povich, Maury (American talk-show host)
Maury Povich is an American journalist, newscaster, and talk-show host best known for his television tabloid show Maury (originally known as The Maury Povich Show), which ran from 1991 to 2022. He earlier worked as a news anchor in several U.S. cities. Povich is one of three children born to Ethyl
- Povídky z druhé kapsy (work by Čapek)
Karel Čapek: … (both 1929; published together as Tales from Two Pockets).
- Povídky z jedné kapsy (work by Čapek)
Karel Čapek: … (both 1929; published together as Tales from Two Pockets).