prisoner of war (POW), any person captured or interned by a belligerent power during war. In the strictest sense it is applied only to members of regularly organized armed forces, but by broader definition it has also included guerrillas, civilians who take up arms against an enemy openly, or

tick: Powassan virus disease, and a form of encephalitis. Soft ticks also are carriers of diseases.

pharmaceutical industry: Other solid dosage forms: Powders are mixtures of active drug and excipients that usually are sold in the form of powder papers. The powder is contained inside a folded and sealed piece of special paper. Lozenges usually consist of a mixture of sugar and either gum or gelatin, which…

explosive: History of black powder: …came to be known as A and B blasting powder respectively. The A powder continued in use for special purposes that required its higher quality, principally for firearms, military devices, and safety fuses.

explosive: History of black powder: …be known as A and B blasting powder respectively. The A powder continued in use for special purposes that required its higher quality, principally for firearms, military devices, and safety fuses.

surface coating: Coalescence-based film formation: …what is known as “powder coating,” a process in which an object is coated by a spray or fluidized bed of pigmented polymer particles and the particles are fused by heating to form a continuous film. Other reactions may occur during the melting and fusing processes, but the predominant…

ciconiiform: Plumage and coloration: …(two or more pairs) of powder down feathers are especially characteristic of the herons. These feathers break down to produce a fine powder, which is distributed to the plumage with the bill in preening.

Thomas Adès: His controversial opera Powder Her Face (1995), about a 20th-century divorce scandal, attracted international attention, as did his large symphonic work Asyla (1997).

powder metallurgy, fabrication of metal objects from a powder rather than casting from molten metal or forging at softening temperatures. In some cases the powder method is more economical, as in fashioning small metal parts such as gears for small machines, in which casting would involve

Powder River, stream of the northwestern United States. It rises in several headstreams in foothills of the Bighorn Mountains in Wyoming and flows northward for 486 miles (782 km) to join the Yellowstone River near Terry, Mont. Tributaries include the Little Powder River and Crazy Woman

nuclear ceramics: Nuclear fuel: …fuels traditionally follows a standard powder-pellet process. This involves comminution, granulation, pressing, and sintering at 1,700° C (3,100° F) in a reducing atmosphere. The resulting microstructure consists of large, equiaxed grains (that is, with dimensions similar along all axes), with uniformly distributed spherical pores on the order of 2 to…

soft drink: Powdered soft drinks: These are made by blending the flavouring material with dry acids, gums, artificial colour, etc. If the sweetener has been included, the consumer need only add the proper amount of plain or carbonated water.

sugar: Crystallization: Powdered icing sugar, or confectioners’ sugar, results when white granulated sugar is finely ground, sieved, and mixed with small quantities (3 percent) of starch or calcium phosphate to keep it dry. Brown sugars (light to dark) are either crystallized from a mixture of brown and yellow…

photoengraving: Chemical etching—traditional and powderless processes: …introduction of a process of etching a magnesium plate without the use of powder. Experimenters found that by adding an oily material and a surfactant (wetting agent) to the nitric acid bath and controlling the conditions under which the plate was etched, they could produce characters in relief with adequate…

Terence V. Powderly was an American labor leader and politician who led the Knights of Labor (KOL) from 1879 to 1893. Powderly, the son of Irish immigrants to the United States, became a railroad worker at the age of 13 in Pennsylvania. At 17 he became a machinist’s apprentice, and he worked at

Terence V. Powderly was an American labor leader and politician who led the Knights of Labor (KOL) from 1879 to 1893. Powderly, the son of Irish immigrants to the United States, became a railroad worker at the age of 13 in Pennsylvania. At 17 he became a machinist’s apprentice, and he worked at

Hortense Powdermaker was a U.S. cultural anthropologist who helped to initiate the anthropological study of contemporary American life. Her first monograph, Life in Lesu (1933), resulted from fieldwork in Melanesia. She studied a rural community in Mississippi about which she wrote in After

powderpost beetle, (subfamily Lyctinae), any of approximately 70 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) that range in colour from reddish brown to black and in size from 1 to 7 mm (up to 0.3 inch). The larvae bore through seasoned wood, reducing it to a dry powder. They do not enter

Chinese crested, breed of toy dog of ancient ancestry; it is one of the hairless breeds, its coat being confined to its head (crest), tail (plume), and lower legs (socks), although most litters also contain “powderpuff” pups with a full coat. The origin of the breed is uncertain; it may have

albizia: Silk tree, or powderpuff tree (Albizia julibrissin), native to Asia and the Middle East, grows to about 9 metres (30 feet) tall, has a broad spreading crown, and bears flat pods about 12 cm (5 inches) long. Indian albizia, or siris (A. lebbek), native to…

powdery mildew, plant disease of worldwide occurrence that causes a powdery growth on the surface of leaves, buds, young shoots, fruits, and flowers. Powdery mildew is caused by many specialized races of fungal species in the genera Erysiphe, Microsphaera, Phyllactinia, Podosphaera, Sphaerotheca,

Ascomycota: …such as those that cause powdery mildew of grape (Uncinula necator), Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi), chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), and apple scab (Venturia inequalis).

Powell, city, Park county, northwestern Wyoming, U.S., on the Shoshone River. Founded as a ranching centre in the Powder River basin, a predominantly agricultural district, Powell was named in honour of the 19th-century explorer John Wesley Powell. It developed a substantial oil industry when

The Atlantic: Economic challenges: …was founded and headed by Laurene Powell Jobs, a noted philanthropist and the widow of Steve Jobs.

Powell River, river rising in Wise county, southwestern Virginia, U.S., and flowing southwest through Big Stone Gap in the Cumberland Plateau into Tennessee to enter the Clinch River at Norris Dam, 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Knoxville, Tenn. Approximately half of its total length of about 150

Powell River, district municipality, southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located on the east side of the Strait of Georgia, 80 miles (130 km) northwest of Vancouver. Named for Israel Wood Powell, who was Indian superintendent for British Columbia in the 1870s, the settlement developed at

Gideon v. Wainwright: In Powell v. Alabama (1932)—which involved the “Scottsboro Boys,” nine black youths who had been found guilty of raping two white women—the Court had ruled that state courts must provide legal counsel to indigent defendants charged with capital crimes. In Betts v. Brady, however, (1942), the…

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. was a black American public official and pastor who became a prominent liberal legislator and civil-rights leader. Powell was the son of the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, New York City. Brought up in a middle-class home, he received his B.A. from

Anthony Powell was an English novelist, best known for his autobiographical and satiric 12-volume series of novels, A Dance to the Music of Time. As a child, Powell lived wherever his father, a regular officer in the Welsh Regiment, was stationed. He attended Eton College from 1919 to 1923 and

Anthony Powell was an English novelist, best known for his autobiographical and satiric 12-volume series of novels, A Dance to the Music of Time. As a child, Powell lived wherever his father, a regular officer in the Welsh Regiment, was stationed. He attended Eton College from 1919 to 1923 and

Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce: …Francis, who had guided Jamaica’s Asafa Powell to four men’s 100-meter world records, Fraser’s breakthrough in 2008 was sudden and unexpected. At the Beijing Olympics she won gold in the 100 meters with a time of 10.78 seconds. At just 5 feet 3 inches (1.6 meters)—more than 1 foot (30…

Baltimore Orioles: …and—with the later additions of Boog Powell, Jim Palmer, Frank Robinson, and manager Earl Weaver—the Orioles entered into the first period of prolonged success in franchise history. Between 1963 and 1983 the club endured only one losing season, and they won eight division titles, six AL pennants, and three World…

Bud Powell was a jazz pianist and composer who emerged in the mid-1940s as the first to play intricate, improvised solos in response to lines originally conceived by bebop saxophonists and trumpeters. Powell had played with trumpeter Cootie Williams’s band (1942–44) and, earlier, had had

Cecil Frank Powell was a British physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1950 for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and for the resulting discovery of the pion (pi-meson), a heavy subatomic particle. The pion proved to be the hypothetical

Colin Powell was a U.S. general and statesman. He was chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989–93) and secretary of state (2001–05), the first African American to hold either position. The son of Jamaican immigrants, Powell grew up in the Harlem and South Bronx sections of New York City and

Colin Powell was a U.S. general and statesman. He was chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989–93) and secretary of state (2001–05), the first African American to hold either position. The son of Jamaican immigrants, Powell grew up in the Harlem and South Bronx sections of New York City and

Jeff Beck: …Tench on lead vocals and Cozy Powell on the drums. They released two rhythm-and-blues–influenced albums, Rough and Ready (1971) and Jeff Beck Group (1972). With former Vanilla Fudge members Carmine Appice and Tim Bogert, Beck released Beck, Bogert & Appice in 1973. After its negative reception the trio disbanded, and…

Dawn Powell was an American novelist, playwright, and short-story writer known for her biting social satires. Although she gained critical success in her lifetime, her work was not commercially successful until well after her death. Powell endured a difficult childhood. Her mother died in 1903 of

Lloyd Bacon: Warner Brothers: …musical, it featured Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, Ginger Rogers, and Warner Baxter. Even more critical to its success were the contributions of composers Al Dubin and Harry Warren and dance director Busby Berkeley. Picture Snatcher (1933) was not as big a hit, but it featured a notable performance by James…

Bud Powell was a jazz pianist and composer who emerged in the mid-1940s as the first to play intricate, improvised solos in response to lines originally conceived by bebop saxophonists and trumpeters. Powell had played with trumpeter Cootie Williams’s band (1942–44) and, earlier, had had

Eleanor Powell was an American film performer best known for her powerful and aggressive style of tap dancing. In 1965, the Dance Masters of America bestowed upon her the title of World’s Greatest Tap Dancer. Powell studied ballet at age six and began dancing at nightclubs in Atlantic City, New

Eleanor Powell was an American film performer best known for her powerful and aggressive style of tap dancing. In 1965, the Dance Masters of America bestowed upon her the title of World’s Greatest Tap Dancer. Powell studied ballet at age six and began dancing at nightclubs in Atlantic City, New

Encyclopædia Britannica: Corporate change: …Cox resigned as publisher, and Elkan Harrison Powell, vice president of Sears—but with no publishing experience—was chosen to replace him, becoming president of the company. Powell organized the direct sales methods that gradually raised the sales of the encyclopaedia from their low watermark during the Depression, and he also initiated…

Enoch Powell was a British politician and member of Parliament, noted for his controversial rhetoric concerning Britain’s nonwhite population and for his opposition to the nation’s entry into the European Economic Community. Powell was the son of schoolteachers of Welsh ancestry. He attended

South Orkney Islands: George Powell (British) and Nathaniel Palmer (American), both sealers, sighted and charted the islands in December 1821.

Glen Powell is an American actor who has proved that he is more than his easy smile and classic good looks with roles in such hits as Top Gun: Maverick (2022), Anyone But You (2023), and Twisters (2024). Before finding widespread success, Powell was recognized for his versatility in portraying

Glen Powell is an American actor who has proved that he is more than his easy smile and classic good looks with roles in such hits as Top Gun: Maverick (2022), Anyone But You (2023), and Twisters (2024). Before finding widespread success, Powell was recognized for his versatility in portraying

Powell River: Named for Israel Wood Powell, who was Indian superintendent for British Columbia in the 1870s, the settlement developed at the mouth of the Powell River as a pulp-and-paper-milling centre after 1910. In 1955 the town of Powell River and several surrounding communities amalgamated to form a district…

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers: …marries boardinghouse cook Milly (Jane Powell). Once at the cabin, Milly begins civilizing the uncouth Pontipees. They go to town for a barn-raising dance and meet some local women but get into a brawl. The Pontipees miss the women they met at the dance, so Adam tells his brothers…

Jerome Powell is the chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“the Fed”), the central bank of the United States. Nominated by U.S. Pres. Donald Trump in 2017 and confirmed by the Senate the following year, he oversaw the Fed’s extensive intervention in the U.S. economy during

White House press secretary: The first press secretaries: … brought his gubernatorial press secretary, Jody Powell, to Washington. Others opted to appoint news professionals. Dwight D. Eisenhower asked former reporter James C. Hagerty to be his press secretary. During Hagerty’s tenure, which lasted eight years, he allowed the first televised press conference. Although technology changed the job somewhat, Hagerty…

Enoch Powell was a British politician and member of Parliament, noted for his controversial rhetoric concerning Britain’s nonwhite population and for his opposition to the nation’s entry into the European Economic Community. Powell was the son of schoolteachers of Welsh ancestry. He attended

John Wesley Powell was an American explorer, geologist, and ethnologist, best known for his exploration of the upper portion of the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon. Powell was the fourth child of English immigrants Joseph Powell, a tailor, farmer, and itinerant Methodist preacher, and Mary

White House press secretary: The first press secretaries: … brought his gubernatorial press secretary, Jody Powell, to Washington. Others opted to appoint news professionals. Dwight D. Eisenhower asked former reporter James C. Hagerty to be his press secretary. During Hagerty’s tenure, which lasted eight years, he allowed the first televised press conference. Although technology changed the job somewhat, Hagerty…

John Wesley Powell: Powell’s legacy: …in his honour, as is Lake Powell, the huge lake that formed on the Colorado River behind Glen Canyon Dam after its completion in 1963. Powell Mountain, in Kings Canyon National Park, California, also bears the explorer’s name.

assassination of Abraham Lincoln: Planning the attack: Booth tasked Lewis Powell, a tall and powerful former Confederate soldier, with the attack on Seward, to be aided by David Herold. George Atzerodt, a German immigrant who had acted as a boatman for Confederate spies, was to kill Johnson. Booth himself was to assassinate Lincoln. All…

Lewis F. Powell, Jr. was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1972–87). Powell was the eldest child of Louis Powell, a businessman, and Mary Gwaltney Powell. Educated at McGuire’s University School, a private academy that prepared students for admission to the University

Lewis F. Powell, Jr. was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1972–87). Powell was the eldest child of Louis Powell, a businessman, and Mary Gwaltney Powell. Educated at McGuire’s University School, a private academy that prepared students for admission to the University

Punch: …use of the name by Martin Powell, a marionette showman, in a scurrilous attack on Robert Harley entitled A Second Tale of a Tub (1715).

John Milton: Divorce tracts of John Milton: Having married Mary Powell in 1642, Milton was a few months afterward deserted by his wife, who returned to her family’s residence in Oxfordshire. The reason for their separation is unknown, though perhaps Mary adhered to the Royalist inclinations of her family whereas her husband was progressively…

Maud Powell was an American virtuoso violinist, recognized in Europe and the United States as one of the finest performers of her day. Powell early displayed musical talent and took up the violin. Encouraged especially by her mother, an amateur musician and composer, she studied under teachers in

Michael Powell was a British director of innovative, visually vivid motion pictures. Powell attended Dulwich College, London (1918–21). He directed his first film, Two Crowded Hours, in 1931. During the 1930s he directed over 20 low-budget, quickly made films before producer Alexander Korda teamed

Michael Powell was a British director of innovative, visually vivid motion pictures. Powell attended Dulwich College, London (1918–21). He directed his first film, Two Crowded Hours, in 1931. During the 1930s he directed over 20 low-budget, quickly made films before producer Alexander Korda teamed

long jump: …it was broken by American Mike Powell, who leapt 8.95 metres (29.4 feet). Beginning in 1948, the women’s long jump has been an Olympic event.

Vavasor Powell was a Welsh preacher and Fifth Monarchist during the English Civil Wars and Commonwealth. Educated at Jesus College, Oxford, he came under the influence of Walter Cradock and adopted radical Puritan views. When the Civil Wars broke out in 1642, he left eastern Wales, where he had

William Powell was an American writer who wrote the incendiary manual The Anarchist Cookbook (1971), a how-to guide for anyone bent on mayhem or revolution. Powell, whose father was a press agent for the United Nations, spent his early childhood in Britain. His family returned to live in the

the O’Jays: …the pair teamed with schoolmates William Powell (b. January 20, 1942, Canton—d. May 26, 1977, Canton), Bill Isles (b. January 4, 1941, McAtenville, North Carolina, U.S.—d. March 28, 2019, Oceanside, California), and Bobby Massey to form a rhythm and blues group called the Triumphs. Rechristening themselves the Mascots, they released…

William Powell was a versatile American motion picture and stage actor who played villains in Hollywood silent films and intelligent, debonair leading men in the sound era. He is best remembered as Nick Charles in The Thin Man series of films. After graduating from the American Academy of Dramatic

William Powell was a versatile American motion picture and stage actor who played villains in Hollywood silent films and intelligent, debonair leading men in the sound era. He is best remembered as Nick Charles in The Thin Man series of films. After graduating from the American Academy of Dramatic

William Powell was an American writer who wrote the incendiary manual The Anarchist Cookbook (1971), a how-to guide for anyone bent on mayhem or revolution. Powell, whose father was a press agent for the United Nations, spent his early childhood in Britain. His family returned to live in the

powellite, the mineral calcium molybdate, CaMoO4, ordinarily found only as a component of solid solutions in the calcium tungstate mineral scheelite

molybdate and tungstate minerals: …and tungstate minerals, only the powellite-scheelite series (calcium-bearing molybdate/tungstates) and wulfenite (lead molybdate) are noteworthy. Scheelite is a valuable tungsten ore; wulfenite is a minor ore of lead.

arithmetic: Exponents: …a the base of the power ak.

power, in political science and sociology, the capacity to influence, lead, dominate, or otherwise have an impact on the life and actions of others in society. The concept of power encompasses, but is not limited to, the notion of authority. Unlike authority, which implies legitimacy, power can be

power, in science and engineering, time rate of doing work or delivering energy, expressible as the amount of work done W, or energy transferred, divided by the time interval t—or W/t. A given amount of work can be done by a low-powered motor in a long time or by a high-powered motor in a short

Lion Feuchtwanger: …Süss (1925; also published as Jew Süss and Power), set in 18th-century Germany, revealed a depth of psychological analysis that remained characteristic of his subsequent work—the Josephus-Trilogie (Der jüdische Krieg, 1932; Die Söhne, 1935; Der Tag wird kommen, 1945); Die Geschwister Oppenheim (1933; The Oppermanns), a novel of modern life;…

telecommunications media: Satellite links: …the downlink band, and a power amplifier to produce an adequate transmitting power. A single transponder operates within a 36-megahertz bandwidth and is assigned one of many functions, including voice telephony (at 400 two-way voice channels per transponder), data communication (at transmission rates of 120 megabits per second or higher),…

Karel Čapek: Bílá nemoc (1937; Power and Glory) presented the tragedy of the noble pacifist; and Matka (1938; The Mother) vindicated armed resistance to barbaric invasion.

Harold Lasswell: …and Personal Insecurity (1935); and Power and Personality (1948), which deals with the problem of power seekers who sublimate their personal frustrations in power. In these and later works, Lasswell moved toward a moralistic posture, calling for the social and biological sciences to reorient themselves toward a science of social…

sociology: Social stratification: …proposed an evolutionary theory in Power and Privilege (1966) demonstrating that the dominant forms of production (hunting and gathering, horticulture, agriculture, and industry) were consistently associated with particular systems of stratification. This theory was enthusiastically accepted, but only by a minority of sociologists. Addressing the contemporary world, Marion Levy theorized…

Harold Lasswell: …holders of power, but in Power and Society: A Framework for Political Inquiry (1950), written with Abraham Kaplan, the discussion was broadened to include a general framework for political inquiry that examined key analytic categories such as person, personality, group, and culture.

Preston Sturges: Early life and work: Howard’s The Power and the Glory (1933), employing a theme and an elaborate flashback structure that some critics have identified as influences on Orson Welles’s landmark film Citizen Kane (1941). Sturges then scripted We Live Again (1934), The Good Fairy (1935), and Easy Living (1937), the…

Graham Greene: Greene’s finest novel, The Power and the Glory (1940; also published as The Labyrinthine Ways; adapted as the film The Fugitive, 1947), has a more directly Catholic theme: the desperate wanderings of a priest who is hunted down in rural Mexico at a time when the church is…

architecture: Power architecture: As wealth and expressive functions increase, a special type of domestic building can be distinguished that may be called power architecture. In almost every civilization the pattern of society gives to a few of its members the power to utilize the resources of…

automobile: Brakes: …automobiles consequently were equipped with power brake systems. These are virtually the same as the hydraulic system except that the piston of the master cylinder is multiplied by power assists of several types instead of by foot pressure on the pedal.

Robert Caro: …result was a 1,200-page biography, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (1974). Caro was awarded his first Pulitzer Prize for the book, which became known as a classic in the field of urban planning.

cable: Electric power cables: The most common type of electric power cable is that which is suspended overhead between poles or steel towers. These aerial cables consist of a number of wires, usually of copper or aluminum, twisted (stranded) together in concentric layers. Copper or aluminum is…

C. Wright Mills: … (1951), and his best-known work, The Power Elite (1956). In this last book, Mills located the “elite,” or ruling class, among those business, government, and military leaders whose decisions and actions have significant consequences.

electricity: Behaviour of an AC circuit: …equation (33) is called the power factor. It is evident that the only element that can dissipate energy is the resistance.

Thomas Keneally: …as it was known, included The Power Game (2018) and The Ink Stain (2019).

solar cell: Solar panel design: …solar arrays with public utility power grids in two ways. One-way systems are used by utilities to supplement power grids during midday peak usage. Bidirectional systems are used by companies and individuals to supply some or all of their power needs, with any excess power fed back into a utility…

sawing machine: The power hacksaw machine provides a vise for clamping the work and means for reciprocating a U-shaped frame on which is mounted a straight steel hacksaw blade that cuts when moving in one direction only. The saw presses down on the work during the cutting stroke…

Buffy Sainte-Marie: Later career: …songs, and her eclectic album Power in the Blood (2015) was awarded the 2015 Polaris Music Prize for best Canadian album of the year. Medicine Songs, a collection of new and reworked older songs that fit her activist vision, appeared in 2017. She later released a children’s book based on…

mass production: The Industrial Revolution and early developments: weaving speed; (2) Edmund Cartwright’s power loom in 1785, which increased weaving speed still further; (3) James Hargreaves’s spinning jenny in 1764; (4) Richard Arkwright’s water frame in 1769; and (5) Samuel Crompton’s

Iron Fist: …partnered with the street-level hero Luke Cage in the ongoing series Power Man and Iron Fist.

power of 10, in mathematics, any of the whole-valued (integer) exponents of the number 10. A power of 10 is as many number 10s as indicated by the exponent multiplied together. Thus, shown in long form, a power of 10 is the number 1 followed by n zeros, where n is the exponent and is greater than

Leo Tolstoy: Fiction after 1880 of Leo Tolstoy: …life, Vlast tmy (written 1886; The Power of Darkness). After his death, a number of unpublished works came to light, most notably the novella Khadji-Murat (1904; Hadji-Murad), a brilliant narrative about the Caucasus reminiscent of Tolstoy’s earliest fiction.

Norman Vincent Peale: …with his 1952 best seller, The Power of Positive Thinking.

Joyce Meyer: Ministry and growth: …including Knowing God Intimately (2003), The Power of Simple Prayer (2007), and the New York Times bestseller God Is Not Mad at You (2013).

American literature: Drama and the novel: … wrote the first American novel, The Power of Sympathy (1789), which showed authors how to overcome ancient prejudices against this form by following the sentimental novel form invented by Samuel Richardson. A flood of sentimental novels followed to the end of the 19th century. Hugh Henry Brackenridge succeeded Cervantes’s Don…