Organization of Pan Asian American Women, oldest public-policy organization devoted to concerns of Asian Pacific-American women, founded in 1976 to increase participation of Asian women in policy-making and leadership roles. It also serves as a national network for Asian Pacific-American women and

Ban Chao was a Chinese general and colonial administrator of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce) who reestablished Chinese control over Central Asia. The brother of the historian Ban Gu (32?–92), Ban Chao early tired of literary pursuits and turned to military affairs. In 73 he was dispatched with a

Ban Zhao was a renowned Chinese scholar and historian of the Dong (Eastern) Han dynasty. The daughter of a prominent family, Ban Zhao married at age 14, but her husband died while she was still young. She never remarried, devoting herself instead to literature and the education of her son. Her

Franciszek Bohomolec: Pan dobry (1767; “The Good Lord”) is a social commentary on the relationship between the peasants and the gentry.

Ban Gu was a Chinese scholar-official of the Dong (Eastern), or Hou (Later), Han dynasty and one of China’s most noteworthy historians. His Han shu (translated as The History of the Former Han Dynasty) became the model most frequently used by later Chinese historians. Ban Gu was the son of Ban Biao

Pan Gu, central figure in Chinese Daoist legends of creation. Pan Gu, the first man, is said to have come forth from chaos (an egg) with two horns, two tusks, and a hairy body. Some accounts credit him with the separation of heaven and earth, setting the sun, moon, stars, and planets in place, and

Guangzhou: Early period: …were constructed near the razed Pan Hill in the late 11th century. Under the Nan (Southern) Song (1127–1279), Chinese seafarers and traders sailed to Southeast Asia, thus opening the way for Chinese emigration abroad in subsequent ages. Also at that time, the rising port city of Quanzhou (in present-day Fujian…

Arnold Böcklin: …reputation with the large mural Pan in the Bulrushes (c. 1857), which brought him the patronage of the king of Bavaria. From 1858 to 1861, he taught at the Weimar Art School, but his nostalgia for the Italian landscape pursued him. After an interval during which he completed his mythological…

construction: Concrete: One is the pan joist system, a standardized beam and girder system of constant depth formed with prefabricated sheet-metal forms. A two-way version of pan joists, called the waffle slab, uses prefabricated hollow sheet-metal domes to create a grid pattern of voids in a solid floor slab, saving…

Pan-ch’iao, city district (ch’ü, or qu), New Taipei City special municipality, northern Taiwan. Until late 2010 it was the seat of T’ai-pei county, but when the county was reorganized administratively, it became a city district of the new special municipality, the county’s successor. Pan-ch’iao is

Ban Gu was a Chinese scholar-official of the Dong (Eastern), or Hou (Later), Han dynasty and one of China’s most noteworthy historians. His Han shu (translated as The History of the Former Han Dynasty) became the model most frequently used by later Chinese historians. Ban Gu was the son of Ban Biao

Mexico: The age of Porfirio Díaz: …of Díaz’s political slogans, “Pan o palo” (“Bread or the stick”), meaning that acquiescence to official policies would ensure livelihood, even wealth, but failure to agree would bring sure reprisals—harassment, imprisonment, death. More significantly from a philosophical and practical point of view, liberty was dropped from the earlier positivist…

Swissair flight 111: The pilots sent out a Pan Pan Pan, signaling that the aircraft was experiencing a problem, but there was no immediate danger. At the time, they believed there was an issue with the air conditioning system and were unaware of the rapidly intensifying fire in the ceiling. After consulting air…

bonobo, (Pan paniscus), ape that was regarded as a subspecies of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) until 1933, when it was first classified separately. The bonobo is found only in lowland rainforests along the south bank of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Closely resembling

Ban Biao was an eminent Chinese official of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce) who is reported to have begun the famous Han shu (“Book of Han”), considered the Confucian historiographic model on which all later dynastic histories were patterned. Ban Biao intended the work to supplement the Shiji

paixiao, Chinese bamboo panpipe, generally a series of bamboo tubes secured together by rows of bamboo strips, wooden strips, or ropes. The instrument is blown across the top end. Although 16 pipes have become the standard, other groupings (from 13 to 24) have been made. Before the Tang dynasty (ad

palm: Economic importance: …of the betel pepper (Piper betle), as a chewing substance. Trunks and leaves serve in local construction, in the making of weapons, and as sources of wax (the wax palm, Ceroxylon; the carnauba wax palm). Leaves of the gebang palm are made into umbrellas and books; others provide material…

Adam Mickiewicz: Pan Tadeusz; film 1999), describes the life of the Polish gentry in the early 19th century through a fictional account of the feud between two families of Polish nobles. The poem conveys perfectly the ethos of an archaic society in which the ideals of chivalry…

Pan Tianshou was a Chinese painter, art educator, and art theorist who was one of the most important traditional Chinese painters of the 20th century. Pan learned literature, painting, and calligraphy as a child in a private school in his village. At 19 his knowledge of Chinese painting was formed

chimpanzee, (Pan troglodytes), species of ape that, along with the bonobo, is most closely related to humans. Chimpanzees inhabit tropical forests and savannas of equatorial Africa from Senegal in the west to Lake Albert and northwestern Tanzania in the east. Individuals vary considerably in size

chimpanzee: Taxonomy: troglodytes schweinfurthii); and the Nigerian-Cameroon chimpanzee (P. troglodytes ellioti, which was formerly classified as P. troglodytes vellerosus).

bonobo, (Pan paniscus), ape that was regarded as a subspecies of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) until 1933, when it was first classified separately. The bonobo is found only in lowland rainforests along the south bank of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Closely resembling

chimpanzee: Taxonomy: …Britain; the East African, or long-haired, chimpanzee (P. troglodytes schweinfurthii); and the Nigerian-Cameroon chimpanzee (P. troglodytes ellioti, which was formerly classified as P. troglodytes vellerosus).

chimpanzee: Taxonomy: troglodytes are recognized: the tschego, or Central African chimpanzee (P. troglodytes troglodytes), also known as the common chimpanzee in continental Europe; the West African, or masked, chimpanzee (P. troglodytes verus), known as the common chimpanzee in Great Britain; the East African, or long-haired, chimpanzee (P. troglodytes schweinfurthii); and the…

chimpanzee: Taxonomy: troglodytes schweinfurthii); and the Nigerian-Cameroon chimpanzee (P. troglodytes ellioti, which was formerly classified as P. troglodytes vellerosus).

chimpanzee: Taxonomy: …Europe; the West African, or masked, chimpanzee (P. troglodytes verus), known as the common chimpanzee in Great Britain; the East African, or long-haired, chimpanzee (P. troglodytes schweinfurthii); and the Nigerian-Cameroon chimpanzee (P. troglodytes ellioti, which was formerly classified as P. troglodytes vellerosus).

Guillermo del Toro: …El laberinto del fauno (2006; Pan’s Labyrinth), which del Toro both wrote and directed, won Academy Awards for makeup, art direction, and cinematography. He then cowrote and directed Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008) and the sci-fi action film Pacific Rim (2013), which proved to be more popular worldwide than…

Hermes Pan was a U.S. choreographer of dazzling motion picture dance sequences, especially in his work with Fred Astaire. The son of a Greek consul in Memphis, Pan was inspired by Black dancers in his home town. He began collaborating with Astaire during rehearsals for Flying Down to Rio in 1933,

Jomo Kenyatta: Entrance into full-time politics: Kenyatta helped organize the fifth Pan-African Congress, which met in Manchester, England, on October 15–18, 1945, with W.E.B. Du Bois of the United States in the chair; Kwame Nkrumah, the future leader of Ghana, was also present. Resolutions were passed and plans discussed for mass nationalist movements to demand independence…

Ediacaran Period: …more-discrete mountain-building event (called the Pan-African orogeny) began. That event (which was actually a series of smaller orogenies) occurred when the two blocks of the former supercontinent Rodinia collided with a craton (the stable interior portion of a continent) that would become the present-day Congo region. Thus was formed a…

Ediacaran Period: …more-discrete mountain-building event (called the Pan-African orogeny) began. That event (which was actually a series of smaller orogenies) occurred when the two blocks of the former supercontinent Rodinia collided with a craton (the stable interior portion of a continent) that would become the present-day Congo region. Thus was formed a…

African Games, international athletics (track-and-field) competition sponsored by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and contested by athletes representing the nations of Africa. The African Games were first held in 1965, in Brazzaville, Congo, and consisted of contests

Ediacaran Period: …more-discrete mountain-building event (called the Pan-African orogeny) began. That event (which was actually a series of smaller orogenies) occurred when the two blocks of the former supercontinent Rodinia collided with a craton (the stable interior portion of a continent) that would become the present-day Congo region. Thus was formed a…

African Union: Establishment of the AU: In 2004 the AU’s Pan-African Parliament was inaugurated, and the organization agreed to create a peacekeeping force, the African Standby Force, of about 15,000 soldiers.

Pan-Africanism, the idea that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-Africanism has often taken the shape of a political or cultural movement. There are many varieties of Pan-Africanism. In its narrowest political manifestation, Pan-Africanists

Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC), South African organization and later political party pursuing “Africanist” policies in South Africa (which they would rename Azania) for black South Africans, in contrast to the nonracial or multiracial policies of other organizations, such as the African

Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC), South African organization and later political party pursuing “Africanist” policies in South Africa (which they would rename Azania) for black South Africans, in contrast to the nonracial or multiracial policies of other organizations, such as the African

Edgard Varèse: …Guild in 1921 and the Pan-American Association of Composers in 1926; these organizations were responsible for performances and premieres of works by Béla Bartók, Alban Berg, Carlos Chávez, Henry Cowell, Charles Ives, Maurice Ravel, Wallingford Riegger, Francis Poulenc,

Pan-American conferences, various meetings between representatives of some or all of the independent states of the Western Hemisphere (Canada usually excluded). Between 1826 and 1889, several meetings between American states were held to discuss problems of common defense and juridical matters. The

History of film: Méliès and Porter: Porter also filmed the extraordinary Pan-American Exposition by Night (1901), which used time-lapse photography to produce a circular panorama of the exposition’s electrical illumination, and the 10-scene Jack and the Beanstalk (1902), a narrative that simulates the sequencing of lantern slides to achieve a logical, if elliptical, spatial continuity.

Pan-American Highway, network of highways connecting North America and South America. Originally conceived in 1923 as a single route, the road grew to include a great number of designated highways in participating countries. The whole system, extending from Alaska and Canada to Chile, Brazil, and

Pan-American Union, Organization formed in 1890 to promote cooperation among the countries of Latin America and the U.S. It was established (as the International Union of American Republics) at the first Pan-American conference, which was called by U.S. secretary of state James Blaine in order to

Pan-Arabism, nationalist notion of cultural and political unity among Arab countries. Its origins lie in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when increased literacy led to a cultural and literary renaissance (known as the Nahda or al-nahḍah al-adabiyyah) among Arabs of the Middle East. This

sacred kingship: Principal schools of interpretation: Called Pan-Babylonism by some scholars, the theories based on the results of these discoveries placed the god-kingdom of the ancient Middle East in the foreground.

makeup: …with a successful solid (Pan-Cake) makeup that was applied with a moist sponge. Makeup charts indicated the correct colours to use for each type of colour film.

Pan-ch’iao, city district (ch’ü, or qu), New Taipei City special municipality, northern Taiwan. Until late 2010 it was the seat of T’ai-pei county, but when the county was reorganized administratively, it became a city district of the new special municipality, the county’s successor. Pan-ch’iao is

Ernst Hasse: …the militantly nationalistic and anti-Semitic Pan-German League (Alldeutscher Verband) in 1894.

Georg, Ritter von Schönerer: …political extremist, founder of the Pan-German Party (1885). He was a virulent anti-Semite and was perhaps the best-known spokesman for popular antidemocratic sentiments in the late empire.

Pan-Germanism, movement whose goal was the political unification of all people speaking German or a Germanic language. Some of its adherents favoured the unification of only the German-speaking people of central and eastern Europe and the Low Countries (Dutch and Flemish being regarded as Germanic

banhu, bowed Chinese fiddle, a type of huqin (Chinese: “foreign stringed instrument”). The instrument traditionally has two strings stretched over a small bamboo bridge that rests on a wooden soundboard. (The sound box of most other Chinese stringed instruments is covered by a snakeskin membrane.)

history of Central Asia: Tsarist rule: …exposed to current Pan-Turkic and Pan-Islamic propaganda. In the 1870s the Russians countered Tatar influence by establishing bilingual Russian-Kazakh schools, from which emerged a Westernized elite of considerable distinction.

bangu, Chinese frame drum that, when struck by one or two small bamboo sticks, creates a sharp dry sound essential to the aesthetics of Chinese opera. It is also used in many Chinese chamber music ensembles. The drum, which is about 25 cm (10 inches) in diameter and 10 cm (4 inches) deep, consists

coin: China: …issue of round coins (pan-liang) of half an ounce. (There were 24 grains in the Chinese ounce, and in the Han period the ounce weighed 16 grams.) These pan-liang coins were continued by the Han dynasty. The official weight of this coin was gradually reduced until it was replaced…

Banpo site, one of the most important archaeological sites yielding remains of the Painted Pottery, or Yangshao, culture of late Neolithic China. It is located at the east suburb of the city of Xi’an in the Chinese province of Shaanxi. Banpo site was excavated by members of the Chinese Academy of

Banpo site, one of the most important archaeological sites yielding remains of the Painted Pottery, or Yangshao, culture of late Neolithic China. It is located at the east suburb of the city of Xi’an in the Chinese province of Shaanxi. Banpo site was excavated by members of the Chinese Academy of

Philippines: Transportation and telecommunications: …in the country is the Pan-Philippine Highway (also called the Maharlika Highway), a system of paved roads, bridges, and ferries that connects the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao.

Antony Khrapovitsky: …Antony participated in the 1917–18 Pan-Russian Orthodox Council and was named one of the three candidates for the Russian patriarchate. After Ukraine declared its independence from the tsarist regime, Antony was exiled to Buchach, southwest Ukraine, because of his efforts to prevent Ukrainian autonomy. The Bolshevik occupation of Ukraine forced…

Pan-Scandinavianism, an unsuccessful 19th-century movement for Scandinavian unity that enflamed passions during the Schleswig-Holstein crises. Like similar movements, Scandinavianism received its main impetus from philological and archaeological discoveries of the late 18th and the 19th century,

Banshan ware, type of Chinese Neolithic painted pottery. Its name is derived from the grave site in the Gansu province of north China at which the pottery was found in 1924. According to radiocarbon dating, Banshan ware is generally considered to be from between 2650 and 2350 bc. The extant

Pan-Slavism, 19th-century movement that recognized a common ethnic background among the various Slav peoples of eastern and east central Europe and sought to unite those peoples for the achievement of common cultural and political goals. The Pan-Slav movement originally was formed in the first half

Pan-Turanianism, late 19th- and early 20th-century movement to unite politically and culturally all the Turkic, Tatar, and Uralic peoples living in Turkey and across Eurasia from Hungary to the Pacific. Its name is derived from Tūrān, the Persian word for Turkistan (i.e., the land to the north of

Pan-Turanianism, late 19th- and early 20th-century movement to unite politically and culturally all the Turkic, Tatar, and Uralic peoples living in Turkey and across Eurasia from Hungary to the Pacific. Its name is derived from Tūrān, the Persian word for Turkistan (i.e., the land to the north of

Pan-Turkism, political movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which had as its goal the political union of all Turkish-speaking peoples in the Ottoman Empire, Russia, China, Iran, and Afghanistan. The movement, which began among the Turks in Crimea and on the Volga, initially sought to

list system: …extreme variations, is marked by panachage, the ability of the voter to mix candidates from several party lists if he so desires.

respiratory disease: Pulmonary emphysema: …centre of the lobule, and panlobular (or panacinar) emphysema, in which alveolar destruction occurs in all alveoli within the lobule simultaneously. In advanced cases of either type, this distinction can be difficult to make. Centrilobular emphysema is the form most commonly seen in cigarette smokers, and some observers believe it…

Western painting: Early Classical (c. 500–450 bc): Panaenos, the brother or nephew of the sculptor Phidias, executed a picture of the Battle of Marathon for the Painted Stoa and, sometime later, included a painting of Greece and Salamis personified on the throne for the cult statue of Zeus at Olympia. This brought…

Panaetius was the founder of Roman Stoic philosophy, and a friend of Scipio Aemilianus and of Polybius. A pupil in Athens of Diogenes of Seleucia and of Antipater of Tarsus, Panaetius also studied the philosophies of Plato and of Aristotle. Many years a resident in Rome, he was an influential

Hermes Pan was a U.S. choreographer of dazzling motion picture dance sequences, especially in his work with Fred Astaire. The son of a Greek consul in Memphis, Pan was inspired by Black dancers in his home town. He began collaborating with Astaire during rehearsals for Flying Down to Rio in 1933,

Jafar Panahi is an Iranian director whose films are critical depictions of Iranian society. As a teenager, Panahi studied film at the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults in Tehrān, where he first met Abbas Kiarostami, who taught there. Panahi served in the

Panaji, town, capital of Goa state, western India. It lies on the estuary of the Mandavi River at the river’s mouth on the Arabian Sea. Panaji was a tiny village until the mid-18th century, when repeated plagues forced Goa’s Portuguese colonizers to abandon their capital of Velha Goa (Old Goa, or

Thomas McGuane: They include Panama (1978), Nobody’s Angel (1981), Something to Be Desired (1984), Keep the Change (1989), and Nothing but Blue Skies (1992). After a hiatus from writing novels, McGuane returned with The Cadence of Grass (2002), which depicts a Montana clan’s colourfully tangled lives.

Operation Just Cause: …Law” by the Clash, “Panama” by Van Halen, “All I Want Is You” by U2, and “If I Had a Rocket Launcher” by Bruce Cockburn). Noriega was then transported to Miami, Florida, where he was tried, convicted of a raft of charges, and sentenced to a U.S. prison. In…

Panama, country of Central America located on the Isthmus of Panama, the narrow bridge of land that connects North and South America. Embracing the isthmus and more than 1,600 islands off its Atlantic and Pacific coasts, the tropical nation is renowned as the site of the Panama Canal, which cuts

Panama City, capital of the Republic of Panama. It is located in the east-central part of the country near the Pacific Ocean terminus of the Panama Canal, on the Gulf of Panama. Area city, 38.5 square miles (100 square km). Pop. (2010) city, 430,299; (2010 est.) urban agglomeration, 1,378,000. The

Panama Canal, lock-type canal, owned and administered by the Republic of Panama, that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the narrow Isthmus of Panama. The length of the Panama Canal from shoreline to shoreline is about 40 miles (65 km) and from deep water in the Atlantic (more

Panama Canal: Panama Canal Authority: The Panama Canal Authority (Spanish: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá [ACP]) took over management of the canal from the joint U.S.-Panamanian Panama Canal Commission at noon on December 31, 1999. Created by an amendment to the Panamanian constitution as an autonomous agency…

Balboa Heights: -owned Panama Canal Company during the period (1903–79) when the Canal Zone was in operation. Murals in the administration building (still in use by the Panama Canal Authority) depict the canal’s construction. The Canal Zone Library and Museum (founded 1914) in Balboa Heights exhibits relics and…

Panama Canal: Treaties governing the canal’s international status: The Panama Canal Treaty was signed on September 7 of that year by Gen. Omar Torrijos of Panama and Pres. Jimmy Carter of the United States. It terminated all prior treaties between the United States and Panama concerning the canal and abolished the Canal Zone. The…

Canal Zone, historic administrative entity in Panama over which the United States exercised jurisdictional rights from 1903 to 1979. It was a strip of land 10 miles (16 km) wide along the Panama Canal, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and bisecting the Isthmus of Panama. It covered

Panama City, city, seat (1913) of Bay county, northwestern Florida, U.S. It is the port of entry on St. Andrew Bay (an arm of the Gulf of Mexico), about 95 miles (150 km) east of Pensacola. The first English settlement (c. 1765), known as Old Town, was a fishing village later called St. Andrew. In

Panama City, capital of the Republic of Panama. It is located in the east-central part of the country near the Pacific Ocean terminus of the Panama Canal, on the Gulf of Panama. Area city, 38.5 square miles (100 square km). Pop. (2010) city, 430,299; (2010 est.) urban agglomeration, 1,378,000. The

Panama disease, a devastating disease of bananas caused by the soil-inhabiting fungus species Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis cubense. A form of fusarium wilt, Panama disease is widespread throughout the tropics and can be found wherever susceptible banana cultivars are grown. Notoriously

Ecuador: …Ecuador became known for exporting Panama hats (straw hats so named because they were shipped to Panama in the mid-18th century and bought by traveling gold seekers and because they were worn by Panama Canal work crews in the early 19th century) and agricultural products, notably cacao (the source of…

Cyclanthaceae: Panama hat palm order of monocotyledonous flowering plants, which has 11 genera of mostly stemless, perennial, palmlike herbs, woody herbaceous shrubs, and climbing vines that are distributed in Central America and tropical South America.

Cyclanthaceae: Panama hat palm order of monocotyledonous flowering plants, which has 11 genera of mostly stemless, perennial, palmlike herbs, woody herbaceous shrubs, and climbing vines that are distributed in Central America and tropical South America.

Cole Porter: …Dubarry Was a Lady (1939), Panama Hattie (1940), Kiss Me, Kate (1948, based on William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew), Can-Can (1953), and Silk Stockings (1955). He concurrently worked on a number of motion pictures.

Panama Papers, documents from the database of the Panama-based law firm Mossack Fonseca that were made public in April 2016, representing one of the biggest leaks of confidential papers in history. The massive trove revealed how the firm had assisted companies and individuals from more than 200

Panama Scandal, exposure of corruption in France’s Chamber of Deputies, an episode much exploited in propaganda by the enemies of the Third Republic. To overcome a financial crisis in 1888, Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocéanique (the French Panama Canal Company), originally sponsored by

Central America: Unification of the isthmus: …establishment of an audiencia at Panama in the same year continued the confusion over jurisdiction in Nicaragua. In 1543 Spain unified the entire isthmus from Tabasco and Yucatán to Panama as the Audiencia de los Confines, with its capital centrally located in Honduras in 1544 at the gold-mining boomtown of…

Panama Canal, lock-type canal, owned and administered by the Republic of Panama, that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the narrow Isthmus of Panama. The length of the Panama Canal from shoreline to shoreline is about 40 miles (65 km) and from deep water in the Atlantic (more

quartered white-red-blue-white national flag with two five-pointed stars, one blue and one red. The flag’s width-to-length ratio is approximately 2 to 3.Although there were secessionist movements in Panama when it was part of Colombia during the 19th century, there was no recognized Panamanian

Gulf of Panama, inlet of the Pacific Ocean, bordering the southern side of the Isthmus of Panama. It is 115 miles (185 km) across at its widest point and 100 miles (160 km) long. The gulf is relatively shallow and separates the mountain ranges of western Panama from the beginning of the Colombian

Panama: History: In 1501 the Spaniard Rodrigo de Bastidas, in the company of Juan de la Cosa and Vasco Núñez de Balboa, was the first European to explore the Atlantic coast of the Isthmus of Panama. In

Isthmus of Panama, land link extending east-west about 400 miles (640 km) from the border of Costa Rica to the border of Colombia. It connects North America and South America and separates the Caribbean Sea (Atlantic Ocean) from the Gulf of Panama (Pacific Ocean). The narrowest part of the Americas

Panama, country of Central America located on the Isthmus of Panama, the narrow bridge of land that connects North and South America. Embracing the isthmus and more than 1,600 islands off its Atlantic and Pacific coasts, the tropical nation is renowned as the site of the Panama Canal, which cuts

Panama, country of Central America located on the Isthmus of Panama, the narrow bridge of land that connects North and South America. Embracing the isthmus and more than 1,600 islands off its Atlantic and Pacific coasts, the tropical nation is renowned as the site of the Panama Canal, which cuts

Panama: Education: …higher education include the state-run University of Panamá (founded 1935), the privately operated Santa María la Antigua Catholic University (1965), the Technological University of Panamá (1981), and the Latina University of Panamá (1989), all in Panama City. The University of Panamá also has branches in several provinces. In addition, some…

capybara: The lesser capybara (H. isthmius) is smaller, growing to about 1 metre (about 3 feet) in length and weighing about 28 kg (62 pounds). Some classifications list capybaras as the only members of family Hydrochoeridae, whereas others place them within the subfamily Hydrochoerinae of the family…

Panamanian golden toad, (Atelopus zeteki), small, bright yellow toad, often with a few black spots or blotches, that is found at moderate elevations in the central part of Panama. Considered to be one of the most beautiful frogs in Panama, where it is endangered and legally protected, the golden

Panamanian golden toad, (Atelopus zeteki), small, bright yellow toad, often with a few black spots or blotches, that is found at moderate elevations in the central part of Panama. Considered to be one of the most beautiful frogs in Panama, where it is endangered and legally protected, the golden