- Paradip (India)
Paradip, town and major port, east-central Odisha (Orissa) state, eastern India. It is situated on the Bay of Bengal on the delta of the Mahanadi River at the mouth of one of its branches. The development of Paradip was begun after 1958. In the 1970s it was enlarged, and it has since become Odisha
- Paradis artificiels, Les (work by Baudelaire)
Charles Baudelaire: The last years: …1860 saw the publication of Les Paradis artificiels, Baudelaire’s translation of sections of the English essayist Thomas De Quincey’s Confessions of an English Opium-Eater accompanied by his own searching analysis and condemnation of drugs. In February 1861 a second, and greatly enlarged and improved, edition of Les Fleurs du mal…
- Paradis de la reine Sibylle (work by La Sale)
Antoine de La Sale: …in great detail in his Paradis de la reine Sibylle.
- Paradis, Vanessa (French actress and singer)
Johnny Depp: Music and personal life: …met French actress and singer Vanessa Paradis, with whom he had a long-term relationship (1998–2012) and two children.
- Paradisaea (bird)
plumebird, any of several bird-of-paradise species. See
- Paradisaea apoda
bird-of-paradise: The greater bird-of-paradise (P. apoda) has been introduced into the island of Little Tobago, in Trinidad and Tobago off the coast of Venezuela.
- Paradisaeidae (bird)
bird-of-paradise, (family Paradisaeidae), any of approximately 45 species of small to medium-sized forest birds (order Passeriformes). They are rivalled only by a few pheasants and hummingbirds in colour and in the bizarre shape of the males’ plumage. Courting males perform for hours on a chosen
- paradise (religion)
paradise, in religion, a place of exceptional happiness and delight. The term paradise is often used as a synonym for the Garden of Eden before the expulsion of Adam and Eve. An earthly paradise is often conceived of as existing in a time when heaven and earth were very close together or actually
- Paradise (novel by Morrison)
African American literature: African American roots: Her later works include Paradise (1998), which traces the fate of an all-Black town in 1970s Oklahoma, and, with her son Slade, a children’s book, The Big Box (1999).
- Paradise (novel by Gurnah)
Abdulrazak Gurnah: Novels: Gurnah’s fourth novel, Paradise (1994), is considered to be his breakthrough work. Set in East Africa in the early 20th century, it is a coming-of-age story about 12-year-old Yusuf, who has been sold to a trader by his father as repayment for a debt; his experiences include journeying…
- paradise flycatcher (bird)
monarch: …most striking monarchids are the paradise flycatchers (Terpsiphone, or Tchitrea) found in tropical Africa and Asia, north through eastern China and Japan. About 10 species are recognized, but the taxonomy is extremely confused because of geographical and individual variation. Many have crests and eye wattles, and breeding males of some…
- Paradise Highway (film by Gutto [2022])
Morgan Freeman: He starred in the movies Paradise Highway and The Minute You Wake Up Dead, both released in 2022.
- Paradise Island (resort area, The Bahamas)
Nassau: Paradise Island, a luxury tourist resort with high-rise hotels and casinos, was developed in the 1960s and is connected with Nassau by two bridges, one a toll bridge. It shelters Nassau’s excellent natural harbour, which can accommodate cruise ships of all sizes.
- Paradise Lost (play by Odets)
Group Theatre: …the Day I Die (1935), Paradise Lost (1935), and Golden Boy (1937). Other productions included Paul Green’s Johnny Johnson, a satirical, anti-war play, partly in blank verse, with music by Kurt Weill; Bury the Dead (1936, by Irwin Shaw); Thunder Rock (1939, by Robert Ardrey); and My Heart’s in the…
- Paradise Lost (epic poem by Milton)
Paradise Lost, epic poem in blank verse, one of the late works by John Milton, originally issued in 10 books in 1667 and, with Books 7 and 10 each split into two parts, published in 12 books in the second edition of 1674. Many scholars consider Paradise Lost to be one of the greatest poems in the
- paradise palm (plant)
houseplant: Trees: …the feather palms is the paradise palm (Howea, or Kentia), which combines grace with sturdiness; its thick, leathery leaves can stand much abuse. The parlour palms and bamboo palms of the genus Chamaedorea have dainty fronds on slender stalks; they keep well even in fairly dark places. Similar in appearance…
- Paradise Papers (business documents)
Yuri Milner: …was part of the so-called Paradise Papers, a trove of more than 13 million leaked documents dating from 1950 to 2016 that focused on Appleby, a Bermuda-based law firm that helped its clients hide their assets in offshore tax havens. Like the Panama Papers published in 2016, the documents came…
- Paradise Regained (work by Marsman)
Hendrik Marsman: …1927 with the English title Paradise Regained and was greeted as a major artistic achievement. Another cycle, Porta Nigra, dominated by the idea of death, appeared in 1934. His last book of verse, Tempel en kruis (1940; “Temple and Cross”), an autobiographical account of the poet’s development, reaffirms humanistic ideals.…
- Paradise Regained (work by Milton)
John Milton: Paradise Regained: Milton’s last two poems were published in one volume in 1671. Paradise Regained, a brief epic in four books, was followed by Samson Agonistes, a dramatic poem not intended for the stage. One story of the composition of Paradise Regained derives from Thomas…
- paradise riflebird (bird)
bird-of-paradise: victoriae) and the paradise riflebird (P. paradiseus)—prolonged hisses, like the passage of bullets through the air.
- paradise tanager (bird)
tanager: An example is the paradise tanager (T. chilensis), called siete colores (Spanish) from its seven hues, including green, scarlet, and purple. The euphonias (Tanagra species) are found from Mexico southward; they should not be confused with Tangara species (above). Of the eight species of Thraupis, the blue, or blue-gray,…
- paradise tree (Christianity)
Christmas tree: …and Eve was a “paradise tree,” a fir tree hung with apples, that represented the Garden of Eden. The Germans set up a paradise tree in their homes on December 24, the religious feast day of Adam and Eve. They hung wafers on it (symbolizing the eucharistic host, the…
- Paradise Valley (Arizona, United States)
Western architecture: The United States: …Racine; and Taliesin West at Paradise Valley, near Phoenix, Arizona (begun 1938), where rough, angular walls and roofs echo the desert valley and surrounding mountains. With increasing sensitivity to local terrain and native forms and materials, Wright stated more complex spatial and structural themes than European Modernists, who seldom attempted…
- Paradise Valley (album by Mayer)
John Mayer: Paradise Valley (2013), while featuring guest appearances by pop singer Katy Perry and rhythm-and-blues performer Frank Ocean, followed in a similar vein. He returned to his earlier sound for The Search for Everything (2017), which earned decidedly mixed reviews. Sob Rock (2021) is his eighth…
- paradise, bird of (bird)
bird-of-paradise, (family Paradisaeidae), any of approximately 45 species of small to medium-sized forest birds (order Passeriformes). They are rivalled only by a few pheasants and hummingbirds in colour and in the bizarre shape of the males’ plumage. Courting males perform for hours on a chosen
- paradise, grains of (seeds)
grains of paradise, pungent seeds of Aframomum melegueta, a reedlike plant of the family Zingiberaceae. Grains of paradise have long been used as a spice and traditionally as a medicine. The wine known as hippocras was flavoured with them and with ginger and cinnamon. The plant is native to
- Paradiso (theater)
stage machinery: One such device was the Paradiso, a system of ropes and pulleys by which a whole chorus of angels was made to descend, singing, from a heaven of cotton clouds. Greek and Roman stage machinery was rediscovered, and Bastiano de Sangallo developed new variations on the ancient method of using…
- Paradiso (work by Lezama Lima)
José Lezama Lima: ) His novel Paradiso (1966), published a few years later, is a coming-of-age story set in Cuba. It is a complex story told in often obscure language that reaffirms the narrator’s faith in his art and in himself. The book is considered to be Lezama’s masterpiece; it was…
- Paradiso (work by Dante)
The Divine Comedy: Purgatorio, and Paradiso—the poem traces the journey of Dante from darkness and error to the revelation of the divine light, culminating in the Beatific Vision of God.
- paradox (literature)
paradox, apparently self-contradictory statement, the underlying meaning of which is revealed only by careful scrutiny. The purpose of a paradox is to arrest attention and provoke fresh thought. The statement “Less is more” is an example. Francis Bacon’s saying, “The most corrected copies are
- paradox (logic)
complexity: Paradox: Paradoxes typically arise from false assumptions, which then lead to inconsistencies between observed and expected behavior. Sometimes paradoxes occur in simple logical or linguistic situations, such as the famous Liar Paradox (“This sentence is false.”). In other situations, the paradox comes from the peculiarities…
- Paradox of Acting (work by Diderot)
Denis Diderot: Novels, dialogues, and plays of Denis Diderot: In his Paradoxe sur le comédien (written 1773, published 1830), Diderot argued that great actors must possess judgment and penetration without “sensibility”—i.e., without actually experiencing the emotions they are portraying as characters on the stage. Although Diderot wrote literary criticism, it is as the first great art…
- Paradox of Praxis 1 (performance piece by Alÿs)
Francis Alÿs: ) In Paradox of Praxis 1 (Sometimes Making Something Leads to Nothing) (1997), Alÿs pushed a large rectangular block of ice through the streets of Mexico City for the nine hours that the ice took to melt. The video of that project has a kind of quixotic…
- Paradox Press (comic book imprint)
DC Comics: Vertigo and continuity reboots: …was revived in 1995 as Paradox Press. Although Paradox lasted only slightly longer than Piranha, it published John Wagner’s A History of Violence (1997) and Road to Perdition (1998) by writer Max Allan Collins and artist Richard Piers Rayner. Both graphic novels were later adapted into award-winning motion pictures. Far…
- Paradoxe sur le comédien (work by Diderot)
Denis Diderot: Novels, dialogues, and plays of Denis Diderot: In his Paradoxe sur le comédien (written 1773, published 1830), Diderot argued that great actors must possess judgment and penetration without “sensibility”—i.e., without actually experiencing the emotions they are portraying as characters on the stage. Although Diderot wrote literary criticism, it is as the first great art…
- Paradoxes and Problems (work by Donne)
John Donne: Prose of John Donne: Donne’s earliest prose works, Paradoxes and Problems, probably were begun during his days as a student at Lincoln’s Inn. These witty and insouciant paradoxes defend such topics as women’s inconstancy and pursue such questions as “Why do women delight much in feathers?” and “Why are Courtiers sooner Atheists than…
- paradoxes of Zeno (Greek philosophy)
paradoxes of Zeno, statements made by the Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea, a 5th-century-bce disciple of Parmenides, a fellow Eleatic, designed to show that any assertion opposite to the monistic teaching of Parmenides leads to contradiction and absurdity. Parmenides had argued from reason alone
- paradoxical cold and heat (biology)
human sensory reception: Tactile psychophysics: …one experiences what is called paradoxical cold. The sensation of heat from a hot stimulus presumably arises from the adequate stimulation of warmth receptors combined with the inadequate or inappropriate (although effective) stimulation of cold and pain receptors.
- Paradoxides (trilobite genus)
Paradoxides, genus of trilobites (an extinct group of arthropods) found as fossils in Middle Cambrian rocks of North America and western Europe (the Cambrian Period lasted from about 542 million to 488 million years ago). Paradoxides has a well-developed head region terminating laterally in pointed
- Paradoxides harlani (paleontology)
trilobite: …trilobites grew to large size; Paradoxides harlani, which has been found near Boston in rocks of the Series 2 Epoch (521 million to 509 million years ago), grew to be more than 45 cm (18 inches) in length and may have weighed as much as 4.5 kg (10 pounds). Others…
- Paradoxides Series (geology)
Paradoxides Series, rocks deposited during the Middle Cambrian Period in western Europe and Scandinavia and in eastern North America (the Middle Cambrian Period lasted from 521 million to 499 million years ago). The Paradoxides Series is characterized by the fossil occurrence of trilobites of the
- Paradoxien des Unendlichen (work by Bolzano)
history of logic: Georg Cantor: …posed by infinities in his Paradoxien des Unendlichen (1851; “Paradoxes of the Infinite”); in 1837 he had written an anti-Kantian and pro-Leibnizian nonsymbolic logic that was later widely studied. First Dedekind, then Cantor used Bolzano’s tool of measuring sets by one-to-one mappings; using this technique, Dedekind gave in Was sind…
- Paradoxornis (bird)
parrotbill, (family Paradoxornithidae), any of several species of small to medium titmouselike birds, mostly brown and gray with soft, loose plumage and distinctive strongly arched, parrotlike bills. They live in brushy grasslands of Central and Eastern Asia. A well-known garden bird in Chinese
- Paradoxornis webbiana (bird)
parrotbill: …in Chinese cities is the vinous-throated parrotbill (Paradoxornis webbianus). Ranging from Manchuria south through China and Korea to Myanmar (Burma), it frequents bamboo groves, tea plantations, and scrub, as well as gardens. Searching out seeds, it moves in large flocks through the undergrowth and stays in contact with constant sharp…
- Paradoxornithidae (bird)
parrotbill, (family Paradoxornithidae), any of several species of small to medium titmouselike birds, mostly brown and gray with soft, loose plumage and distinctive strongly arched, parrotlike bills. They live in brushy grasslands of Central and Eastern Asia. A well-known garden bird in Chinese
- Paradoxurus (plant genus)
palm: Ecology: …Canidae) and palm civets (Paradoxurus) devour fruits of Arenga and Caryota in Asia. Studies of fruit dispersal are in their infancy, but a large number of interesting associations have been noted.
- Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (mammal)
kopi luwak: …and then excreted by the Asian palm civet—popularly called a luwak in Indonesia but found throughout South and Southeast Asia. The coffee bean produced in that manner was discovered and collected by native farmers in Indonesia during the colonial period of the 19th century, when the Dutch forbade local workers…
- Paradzhanian, Sarkis (Armenian director)
Sergey Yosifovich Paradzhanov was an Armenian director of lyrical, visually powerful films whose career was curtailed by official harassment and censorship. Paradzhanov studied music at the Tbilisi Conservatory and cinema at the State Institute of Cinematography. In 1952 he joined the Kiev
- Paradzhanov, Sergey Yosifovich (Armenian director)
Sergey Yosifovich Paradzhanov was an Armenian director of lyrical, visually powerful films whose career was curtailed by official harassment and censorship. Paradzhanov studied music at the Tbilisi Conservatory and cinema at the State Institute of Cinematography. In 1952 he joined the Kiev
- Paradzhanov, Serhy (Armenian director)
Sergey Yosifovich Paradzhanov was an Armenian director of lyrical, visually powerful films whose career was curtailed by official harassment and censorship. Paradzhanov studied music at the Tbilisi Conservatory and cinema at the State Institute of Cinematography. In 1952 he joined the Kiev
- Paraetonium (Egypt)
Marsā Maṭrūḥ, town and capital of Maṭrūḥ muḥāfaẓah (governorate), on the Mediterranean coast, Libyan (Western) Desert, in northwestern Egypt. The town serves as a market and distribution centre for the surrounding agricultural region. Olives, barley, and fruits are grown, and there are vineyards as
- paraffin (chemical compound)
kerosene, flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel. Kerosene is typically pale yellow or colourless and has a not-unpleasant characteristic odour. It is obtained from petroleum and is used for burning in kerosene lamps and domestic heaters or furnaces, as a fuel or fuel component for
- paraffin compound (chemical compound)
paraffin hydrocarbon, any of the saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, C being a carbon atom, H a hydrogen atom, and n an integer. The paraffins are major constituents of natural gas and petroleum. Paraffins containing fewer than 5 carbon atoms per molecule are usually gaseous
- paraffin hydrocarbon (chemical compound)
paraffin hydrocarbon, any of the saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, C being a carbon atom, H a hydrogen atom, and n an integer. The paraffins are major constituents of natural gas and petroleum. Paraffins containing fewer than 5 carbon atoms per molecule are usually gaseous
- paraffin oil (chemical compound)
kerosene, flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel. Kerosene is typically pale yellow or colourless and has a not-unpleasant characteristic odour. It is obtained from petroleum and is used for burning in kerosene lamps and domestic heaters or furnaces, as a fuel or fuel component for
- paraffin series (chemical compound)
paraffin hydrocarbon, any of the saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, C being a carbon atom, H a hydrogen atom, and n an integer. The paraffins are major constituents of natural gas and petroleum. Paraffins containing fewer than 5 carbon atoms per molecule are usually gaseous
- paraffin wax (chemical compound)
paraffin wax, colourless or white, somewhat translucent, hard wax consisting of a mixture of solid straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging in melting point from about 48° to 66° C (120° to 150° F). Paraffin wax is obtained from petroleum by dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks. It is used in candles,
- parafoil
kite: Kite structure: …radical departure in design, the parafoil, a soft airplane-wing shape with no rigid members, used by the skydiver as a parachute, assumes its efficient flying profile entirely from the wind’s inflating the air channels along the leading edge. Another deviation in form is the rotor, a kinetic kite that manifests…
- parafoil kite (aircraft)
kite: Modern kite sports: …in the 1950s, and the parafoil, invented by Domina Jalbert, was a highly original design created in the 1960s. Flying kites continued as a popular pastime over the next two decades.
- parafollicular cell (anatomy)
calcitonin: …and other mammals primarily by parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland. In birds, fishes, and other nonmammalian vertebrates, calcitonin is secreted by cells of the glandular ultimobranchial bodies. The overall effect of calcitonin is to lower the concentration of calcium in the blood when it rises above the…
- parafovea (anatomy)
human eye: The retina: …the fovea is called the parafovea; it stretches about 1,250 microns from the centre of the fovea, and it is here that the highest density of rods occurs. Surrounding the parafovea, in turn, is the perifovea, its outermost edge being 2,750 microns from the centre of the fovea; here the…
- Parafusulina (fossil foraminiferan genus)
Parafusulina, genus of extinct fusulinid foraminiferans (single-celled animals with a hard, complexly constructed shell) found as fossils in Permian marine rocks (the Permian Period began 299 million years ago and ended 251 million years ago). Parafusulina is more specifically restricted to the
- Paraga, Dobroslav (Croatian political leader)
fascism: Croatia: …for neofascism in Croatia was Dobroslav Paraga, founder in 1990 of the Croatian Party of Rights (Hrvatska Stranka Prava; HSP). A former seminary student and dissident under the communist regime in Croatia in the 1980s, Paraga believed that Serbia was a mortal danger to Croatian national survival, and he called…
- Paragalago (primate genus)
bush baby: …two separate genera, Galagoides and Paragalago. The Zanzibar bush baby (P. zanzibaricus) and Grant’s bush baby (P. granti) and their relatives live in East African coastal forests from Kenya to Mozambique and Malawi and on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. The tiny Prince Demidoff’s bush baby (G. demidoff),
- paragenesis (mineralogy)
paragenesis, the sequence in which the minerals are formed in an ore deposit. Variations in the pressure and temperature and in the chemical constituents of a hydrothermal solution will result in the precipitation of various minerals at different times within the same ore deposit. The general
- paragliding (sport)
paragliding, sport of flying parachutes with design modifications that enhance their gliding capabilities. Unlike hang gliders, their close relations, paragliders have no rigid framework; the parachute canopy acts as a wing and is constructed of fabric cells with openings at the front that allow
- Paraglomerales (order of fungi)
fungus: Annotated classification: Order Paraglomerales Arbuscular mycorrhizal; example genus is Paraglomus. Subphylum Mucoromycotina (incertae sedis; not assigned to any phylum) Parasitic, saprotrophic, or ectomycorrhizal (forms mutual symbiotic associations with plants); asexual or sexual reproduction; branched mycelium; contains 3 orders that represent the
- Paraglomeromycetes (class of fungi)
fungus: Annotated classification: Class Paraglomeromycetes Arbuscular mycorrhizal; forms complexes of spores. Order Paraglomerales Arbuscular mycorrhizal; example genus is Paraglomus. Subphylum Mucoromycotina (incertae sedis; not assigned to any phylum) Parasitic, saprotrophic,
- paragneiss (geology)
Precambrian: Granulite-gneiss rock types: These types include schists and paragneisses that were originally deposited on the Earth’s surface as shales and which now contain high-temperature metamorphic minerals such as biotite, garnet, cordierite, staurolite, sillimanite, or kyanite. There also are quartzites, which were once sandstones
- paragonimiasis (pathology)
paragonimiasis, infection caused by parasitic trematodes of the genus Paragonimus. Infection most commonly is with the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani, which may reach some 8 to 12 mm (0.3 to 0.5 inch) in length. Paragonimiasis caused by P. westermani is especially common in East Asia,
- paragonite (mineral)
paragonite, mica mineral similar to muscovite, a basic silicate of sodium and aluminum; a member of the common mica group. It was thought to be an uncommon mineral, but experiment and investigation have shown that it is widespread in metamorphic schists and phyllites, in gneisses, in quartz veins,
- Paragraph 175 (German penal code)
gay rights movement: Gay rights prior to the 20th century: …final German penal code included Paragraph 175, which criminalized same-sex male relations and made them subject to penalties including imprisonment and loss of civil rights.
- paragraphos (linguistics)
punctuation: Punctuation in Greek and Latin to 1600: …a horizontal line called the paragraphos was placed under the beginning of a line in which a new topic was introduced. This is the only form of punctuation mentioned by Aristotle. Aristophanes of Byzantium, who became librarian of the Museum at Alexandria about 200 bc, is usually credited with the…
- Paraguaçu River (river, Brazil)
Paraguaçu River, river, in central and eastern Bahia estado (“state”), eastern Brazil. It rises in the Diamantina Upland and flows northward and then eastward for approximately 300 miles (500 km). The river empties into Todos os Santos Bay, just below Maragogipe. It is navigable from its mouth for
- Paraguai, Rio (river, South America)
Paraguay River, the fifth largest river in South America and the principal tributary of the Paraná River. Rising in the Mato Grosso region of Brazil at 980 feet (300 metres) above sea level, it crosses Paraguay to its confluence with the Paraná near the Argentine border. It is 1,584 miles (2,550
- Paraguaná Peninsula (peninsula, Venezuela)
Paraguaná Peninsula, peninsula in Falcón estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. It lies between the Caribbean Sea on the east and the Gulf of Venezuela on the west. The largest peninsula in Venezuela, it is about 40 miles (60 km) from north to south and has about 200 miles (300 km) of coastline.
- Paraguarí (Paraguay)
Paraguarí, town, central Paraguay. It lies on the southern slopes of the forested extension of the Brazilian Highlands, including the Cordillera de los Altos, a mountainous chain that reaches westward to Asunción. Originally a Jesuit mission, the town was formally organized in 1775. In 1811, when
- Paraguay
Paraguay, landlocked country in south-central South America. Paraguay’s recent history has been characterized by turbulence and authoritarian rule. It was involved in two of the three major wars on the continent—the War of the Triple Alliance (1864/65–70), against Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay,
- Paraguay River (river, South America)
Paraguay River, the fifth largest river in South America and the principal tributary of the Paraná River. Rising in the Mato Grosso region of Brazil at 980 feet (300 metres) above sea level, it crosses Paraguay to its confluence with the Paraná near the Argentine border. It is 1,584 miles (2,550
- Paraguay River basin (basin, South America)
Río de la Plata: Physiography of the Paraguay basin: At Paso de Patria, on the right (Paraguayan) bank, the Paraná receives its greatest tributary, the Paraguay River. The fifth largest river in South America, the Paraguay (Spanish: Río Paraguay; Portuguese: Rio Paraguai) is 1,584 miles (2,550 kilometres) long. The name Paraguay, also…
- Paraguay tea (beverage)
mate, tealike beverage, popular in many South American countries, brewed from the dried leaves of an evergreen shrub or tree (Ilex paraguariensis) related to holly. It is a stimulating drink, greenish in colour, containing caffeine and tannin, and is less astringent than tea. Mate is especially
- Paraguay, Congress of (legislative body, Paraguay)
Paraguay: Constitutional framework: The legislative body is the Congress, composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. All its members are elected by popular vote for five-year terms (with the exception of former presidents, who are appointed senators for life, though they are not entitled to vote) on the same date that…
- Paraguay, flag of
horizontally striped red-white-blue national flag. It is distinctive among national flags in having a central coat of arms on the obverse side but a different seal on the reverse. The flag’s width-to-length ratio is 3 to 5.Isolated from much of the rest of Spanish-dominated South America, Paraguay
- Paraguay, history of
history of Paraguay, a survey of important events and people in the history of Paraguay from the time of European settlement. A landlocked country in south-central South America, Paraguay has a more-homogeneous population than most other countries in South America; most Paraguayans are of European
- Paraguay, Republic of
Paraguay, landlocked country in south-central South America. Paraguay’s recent history has been characterized by turbulence and authoritarian rule. It was involved in two of the three major wars on the continent—the War of the Triple Alliance (1864/65–70), against Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay,
- Paraguay, República del
Paraguay, landlocked country in south-central South America. Paraguay’s recent history has been characterized by turbulence and authoritarian rule. It was involved in two of the three major wars on the continent—the War of the Triple Alliance (1864/65–70), against Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay,
- Paraguay, Río (river, South America)
Paraguay River, the fifth largest river in South America and the principal tributary of the Paraná River. Rising in the Mato Grosso region of Brazil at 980 feet (300 metres) above sea level, it crosses Paraguay to its confluence with the Paraná near the Argentine border. It is 1,584 miles (2,550
- Paraguay–Paraná–Plata river system (watershed, South America)
Brazil: Drainage of Brazil: The Paraguay-Paraná-Plata is the second of the great river systems of Brazil; it also drains large parts of Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. In Brazil the system rises in the highlands of Mato Grosso, Goiás, and Minas Gerais states and flows southward in two sections—the Paraguay…
- Paraguaya de Trabajadores, Confederación (Paraguayan trade union)
Paraguay: Labour and taxation: …large government-recognized trade union, the Confederation of Paraguayan Workers (Confederación Paraguaya de Trabajadores; CPT). After Stroessner’s fall, a number of independent union groupings emerged, most notably the Unified Workers Central (Central Unitaria de Trabajadores; CUT). About one-eighth of workers are members of Paraguay’s more than 1,500 labour unions.
- Paraguayan People’s Army (guerrilla group, Paraguay)
Paraguay: The Horacio Cartes presidency: …been carried out by the Paraguayan People’s Army (EPP), which was formally organized in 2008 but had been active for some two decades. The tiny Marxist group (thought to comprise only several dozen members) may have killed as many as 60 people since beginning its rebellion, which was carried out…
- Paraguayan War (South American history)
War of the Triple Alliance, (1864/65–70), the bloodiest conflict in Latin American history, fought between Paraguay and the allied countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Paraguay had been involved in boundary and tariff disputes with its more powerful neighbours, Argentina and Brazil, for
- Paraguayan Workers, Confederation of (Paraguayan trade union)
Paraguay: Labour and taxation: …large government-recognized trade union, the Confederation of Paraguayan Workers (Confederación Paraguaya de Trabajadores; CPT). After Stroessner’s fall, a number of independent union groupings emerged, most notably the Unified Workers Central (Central Unitaria de Trabajadores; CUT). About one-eighth of workers are members of Paraguay’s more than 1,500 labour unions.
- Paragymnomma (fly genus)
orchid: Natural history: …female flies of the genus Paragymnomma to a remarkable degree. The column and base of the lip are narrow, barred with yellow and red-brown, and they extend laterally to simulate the extended wings of a sitting fly. The base of the lip has no particular similarity to the head and…
- Parahippus (fossil mammal genus)
horse: Evolution of the horse: …first representative of this line, Parahippus, appeared in the early Miocene. Parahippus and its descendants marked a radical departure in that they had teeth adapted to eating grass. Grasses were at this time becoming widespread across the North American plains, providing Parahippus with a vast food supply. Grass is a…
- parahormone (hormone)
hormone: The evolution of hormones: …as carbon dioxide are called parahormones to distinguish them from true hormones, which are specialized secretions.
- Parahoué plateau (plateau, Benin)
Benin: Relief: …the environs of Abomey, Kétou, Aplahoué (or Parahoué), and Zagnanado. The plateaus consist of clays on a crystalline base. The Abomey, Aplahoué, and Zagnanado plateaus are from 300 to 750 feet high, and the Kétou plateau is up to 500 feet in height.
- Parahyaena brunnea (mammal)
hyena: The smaller brown hyena weighs about 40 kg; the coat is shaggy and dark with an erectile white mane over the neck and shoulders and horizontal white bands on the legs. The brown hyena lives in Southern Africa and western coastal deserts, where it is called the…
- Parahyba (state, Brazil)
Paraíba, estado (state) of northeastern Brazil. Primarily an agricultural state, Paraíba is bounded by the states of Rio Grande do Norte on the north, Ceará on the west, and Pernambuco on the south and by the Atlantic Ocean on the east. Its chief river, the Paraíba, rises on the Pernambuco border
- Parahyba do Norte (state, Brazil)
Paraíba, estado (state) of northeastern Brazil. Primarily an agricultural state, Paraíba is bounded by the states of Rio Grande do Norte on the north, Ceará on the west, and Pernambuco on the south and by the Atlantic Ocean on the east. Its chief river, the Paraíba, rises on the Pernambuco border
- Paraíba (state, Brazil)
Paraíba, estado (state) of northeastern Brazil. Primarily an agricultural state, Paraíba is bounded by the states of Rio Grande do Norte on the north, Ceará on the west, and Pernambuco on the south and by the Atlantic Ocean on the east. Its chief river, the Paraíba, rises on the Pernambuco border