hormone: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (intermedin): …is also found in the pars distalis of bony fishes. Here neurosecretory fibers arise from a localized region of the hypothalamus, called the nucleus lateralis tuberis, and end in contact either with the various types of secretory cells or with blood capillaries related to them. The other route of chemical…

Italy: The factors shaping political factions: The term pars ecclesiae (“party of the church”), which became more common in the second half of the 13th century, has generally been viewed as a reference to support for the papacy, but it also referred to support for local churches. Both meanings of the term are…

human ear: Tympanic membrane: …the ring is open, the pars flaccida, is slack, but the far greater portion, the pars tensa, is tightly stretched. The appearance and mobility of the tympanic membrane are important for the diagnosis of middle-ear disease, which is especially common in young children. When viewed with the otoscope, the healthy…

endocrine system: Class Insecta: …brain, the largest being the pars intercerebralis. The paired corpora cardiaca (singular, corpus cardiacum) and the paired corpora allata (singular, corpus allatum) are both neurohemal organs that store brain neurohormones, but each has some endocrine cells as well. The ventral nerve cord and associated ganglia also contain neurosecretory cells and…

hormone: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (intermedin): …route is characteristic of the pars intermedia region, in which neurosecretory fibers from the hypothalamus control the functioning of the secretory cells. If the pars intermedia is separated from its direct connection with the floor of the brain, for example, MSH secretion in amphibians increases, and prolonged darkening of the…

inheritance: Limits on freedom of testation: …share in the estate (pars legitima), of which none of them could be deprived except upon serious cause stated in the will. When, after the fall of the Roman Empire, testamentary disposition came to be recognized again in the later Middle Ages, custom generally required that some minimum share,…

human nervous system: Midbrain: …consists of two parts, the pars reticulata and the pars compacta. Cells of the pars compacta contain the dark pigment melanin; these cells synthesize dopamine and project to either the caudate nucleus or the putamen. By inhibiting the action of large aspiny striatal neurons in the caudate nucleus and the…

human ear: Tympanic membrane: …the far greater portion, the pars tensa, is tightly stretched. The appearance and mobility of the tympanic membrane are important for the diagnosis of middle-ear disease, which is especially common in young children. When viewed with the otoscope, the healthy membrane is translucent and pearl-gray in colour, sometimes with a…

Persis, ancient country in the southwestern part of Iran, roughly coextensive with the modern region of Fārs. Its name was derived from the Iranian tribe of the Parsua (Parsuash; Parsumash; Persians), who settled there in the 7th century bc. Herodotus lists the leading Persian tribes as the

Persepolis, an ancient capital of the kings of the Achaemenian dynasty of Iran (Persia), located about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Shīrāz in the Fars region of southwestern Iran. The site lies near the confluence of the Pulvār (Sīvand) and Kor rivers. In 1979 the ruins were designated a UNESCO

parsec, unit for expressing distances to stars and galaxies, used by professional astronomers. It represents the distance at which the radius of Earth’s orbit subtends an angle of one second of arc. Thus, a star at a distance of one parsec would have a parallax of one second, and the distance of an

Parsi, member of a group of followers in India of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra). The Parsis, whose name means “Persians,” are descended from Persian Zoroastrians who emigrated to India to avoid religious persecution by Muslims. They live chiefly in Mumbai and in a few towns and

Zoroastrianism: …(Persian) immigrants are known as Parsis, or Parsees.

Russia: The 20th century: … and the meta-metaphoric poetry of Aleksey Parshchikov, Olga Sedakova, Ilya Kutik, and others. The turbulent 1990s were a difficult period for most Russian writers and poets. The publishing industry, adversely affected by the economic downturn, struggled to regain its footing in the conditions of a market economy. Nonetheless, private foundations…

Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara (“Ford-maker,” i.e., saviour) of the present age, according to Jainism, a religion of India. Parshvanatha was the first Tirthankara for whom there is historical evidence, but this evidence is intricately interwoven with legend. He is said to have preceded by about

Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara (“Ford-maker,” i.e., saviour) of the present age, according to Jainism, a religion of India. Parshvanatha was the first Tirthankara for whom there is historical evidence, but this evidence is intricately interwoven with legend. He is said to have preceded by about

Parsi, member of a group of followers in India of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra). The Parsis, whose name means “Persians,” are descended from Persian Zoroastrians who emigrated to India to avoid religious persecution by Muslims. They live chiefly in Mumbai and in a few towns and

Parsifal, music drama in three acts by German composer Richard Wagner, with a German libretto by the composer. The work was first performed at Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany, on July 26, 1882, not long before Wagner’s death, on February 13, 1883. The Transformation Music from Act I and the Good Friday

Zoroastrianism: …(Persian) immigrants are known as Parsis, or Parsees.

Occam’s razor, principle stated by the Scholastic philosopher William of Ockham (1285–1347/49) that pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate, “plurality should not be posited without necessity.” The principle gives precedence to simplicity: of two competing theories, the simpler explanation of

C. Lloyd Morgan: …come to be called the principle of parsimony: in Morgan’s words (An Introduction to Comparative Psychology, 1894), “In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which…

information processing: Semantic content analysis: Syntactic relations are described by parsing (decomposing) the grammar of sentences (Figure 3). For semantic representation, three related formalisms dominate. In a so-called semantic network, conceptual entities such as objects, actions, or events are represented as a graph of linked nodes (Figure 4). “Frames” represent, in a similar graph network,…

Persian literature: Modern Iran: Best known outside Iran is Shahrnoush Parsipour’s novella Zanān bidūn-i mardān (1978; Women Without Men), which recounts the attempts of five women to overcome the limitations put upon their lives by male dominance in a traditional society. Like many other contemporary Iranian writers, Parsipour uses the narrative technique of magic…

Parsippany–Troy Hills, township, Morris county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. The township extends eastward from the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains to the Passaic River swamps, 23 miles (37 km) west of New York City. Communities within the township include Manor Lakes, Lake Hiawatha, Lake

parsley, (Petroselinum crispum), hardy biennial herb of the carrot family (also called parsley family; Apiaceae), native to Mediterranean lands. Parsley leaves were used by the ancient Greeks and Romans as a flavouring and garnish for foods. The leaves are used fresh or dried, their mildly aromatic

Apiaceae, the parsley family, in the order Apiales, comprising about 434 genera and nearly 3,780 species of plants distributed throughout a wide variety of habitats, principally in the north temperate regions of the world. A number of species are economically important as leaf and root vegetables,

Simon and Garfunkel: Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme and The Graduate: Released in October 1966, Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme reached number 4 on the Billboard 200, staying on the chart for 145 weeks and eventually selling more than 3 million copies. The album, which resided at number 202 in the 2003 version of Rolling Stone’s “500 Greatest Albums of…

parsnip, (species Pastinaca sativa), member of the parsley family (Apiaceae), cultivated since ancient times for its large, tapering, fleshy white root, which is edible and has a distinctive flavour. The root is found on roadsides and in open places in Great Britain and throughout Europe and

Jack Russell Terrier, breed of terrier developed in England in the 19th century for hunting foxes both above- and belowground. It was named for the Rev. John “The Sporting Parson” Russell, an avid hunter who created the breed. Though it is not known which dogs he crossbred, it is believed that Bull

Jack Russell Terrier, breed of terrier developed in England in the 19th century for hunting foxes both above- and belowground. It was named for the Rev. John “The Sporting Parson” Russell, an avid hunter who created the breed. Though it is not known which dogs he crossbred, it is believed that Bull

Mason Locke Weems was an American clergyman, itinerant book agent, and fabricator of the story of George Washington’s chopping down the cherry tree. This fiction was inserted into the fifth edition (1806) of Weems’s book The Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington (1800). Weems was ordained

settle: …sometimes called a schoolmaster’s, or parson’s, bench.

Parson’s Cause, dispute involving Anglican clergy in colonial Virginia, arising (1755, 1758) when laws commuted clerical salaries, previously paid in tobacco, to currency at the rate of twopence a pound when tobacco was selling at sixpence a pound. A royal veto (1759) encouraged the clergy to sue

chameleon: …chameleon in the world is Parson’s chameleon (Calumma parsonii), which may grow up to 69.5 cm (about 27 inches) long. On the other hand, the world’s shortest chameleon, the male nano-chameleon (Brookesia nana), can be as small as 21.6 mm (about 0.9 inch) long. Most chameleons, however, are 17–25 cm…

The Parson’s Tale, the final of the 24 stories in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. The tale is a lengthy prose sermon on the seven deadly sins. Chaucer may have intended this tale, with its plethora of pious quotations, as a fitting close to the stories of the religious pilgrims. After

Anja Pärson is a Swedish skier who in 2007 became the first person to win world championship races in each of the five disciplines of Alpine ski racing. Pärson was coached by her father at the same ski club in tiny Tärnaby, Sweden, that had produced Ingemar Stenmark, who during his career (1973–89)

Bates College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Lewiston, Maine, U.S. It is a liberal arts college that offers bachelor’s degree programs in literature, languages, social sciences, life and physical sciences, philosophy, and other areas. Research facilities include the

Parsons table: …the Paris branch of the Parsons School of Design in the 1920s and early 1930s.

Coe College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, U.S. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA), though it maintains an ecumenical outlook. Coe offers an undergraduate curriculum in the liberal arts that includes off-campus programs in Washington,

Parsons table, simple, sturdy rectangular table having straight lines, overall flush surfaces, and square legs that form the four corners of the top and whose diameter is identical with the thickness of the top. It is not certain who designed the Parsons table, and it may have been the result of a

turbine: Development of modern steam turbines: …first practical large marine steam turbines. During the 1880s Carl G.P. de Laval of Sweden constructed small reaction turbines that turned at about 40,000 revolutions per minute to drive cream separators. Their high speed, however, made them unsuitable for other commercial applications. De Laval then turned his attention to single-stage…

Alzina Parsons Stevens was an American labour leader and journalist known for her contributions to union organization and child-welfare reform. Parsons was forced by family poverty to work in a textile factory at 13; by the age of 18, she had learned the printers’ trade. In 1877 she organized the

Elsie Clews Parsons was an American sociologist and anthropologist whose studies of the Pueblo and other Native American peoples of the southwestern United States remain standard references. Elsie Clews attended private schools and graduated from Barnard College (1896). She then studied history and

Bonnie and Clyde: …his timid wife, Blanche (Estelle Parsons), and a dim-witted henchman named C.W. Moss (Michael J. Pollard). The gang thwarts all police efforts to capture them, until a fateful encounter on a lonely country road.

the Byrds: 19, 1993, Treasure Island, Florida), Gram Parsons (original name Ingram Cecil Connor III; b. November 5, 1946, Winter Haven, Florida—d. September 19, 1973, Yucca Valley, California), and Clarence White (b. June 6, 1944, Lewiston, Maine—d. July 14, 1973, Palmdale, California).

Jack Parsons was an American rocket scientist and chemist who made significant contributions to the development of rocket technology and missile systems and was a cofounder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and of the Aerojet Engineering

Jim Parsons is an American actor who is best known for his starring role as the socially challenged, brilliant, and astonishingly self-centered theoretical physicist Sheldon Cooper on the TV sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2007–19). The show was about a group of physicists navigating ordinary life.

Jim Parsons is an American actor who is best known for his starring role as the socially challenged, brilliant, and astonishingly self-centered theoretical physicist Sheldon Cooper on the TV sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2007–19). The show was about a group of physicists navigating ordinary life.

Jack Parsons was an American rocket scientist and chemist who made significant contributions to the development of rocket technology and missile systems and was a cofounder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and of the Aerojet Engineering

Louella Parsons was an American newspaper writer, the first—and, for many years, most powerful—movie columnist in the United States. Parsons obtained her first newspaper job—drama editor for the Dixon (Illinois) Morning Star—while still in high school. In 1912 she had her first contact with the

Jack Parsons was an American rocket scientist and chemist who made significant contributions to the development of rocket technology and missile systems and was a cofounder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and of the Aerojet Engineering

Richard Parsons was an American businessman and attorney who was CEO (2002–07) of AOL Time Warner (now WarnerMedia) and later chairman (2009–12) of Citigroup. After growing up near Brooklyn, New York, Parsons studied at the University of Hawaii (B.A., 1968) and graduated first in his class from

Richard Parsons was an American businessman and attorney who was CEO (2002–07) of AOL Time Warner (now WarnerMedia) and later chairman (2009–12) of Citigroup. After growing up near Brooklyn, New York, Parsons studied at the University of Hawaii (B.A., 1968) and graduated first in his class from

Robert Parsons was a Jesuit who, with Cardinal William Allen, organized Roman Catholic resistance in England to the Protestant regime of Queen Elizabeth I. He favoured armed intervention by the Continental Catholic powers as a means of restoring Catholicism in England, and he probably encouraged

Sir Charles Algernon Parsons was a British engineer whose invention of a multi-stage steam turbine revolutionized marine propulsion. Parsons entered the Armstrong engineering works at Newcastle upon Tyne in 1877. In 1889, after working for several other companies, he established his own works at

Talcott Parsons was an American sociologist and scholar whose theory of social action influenced the intellectual bases of several disciplines of modern sociology. His work is concerned with a general theoretical system for the analysis of society rather than with narrower empirical studies. He is

Timothy Parsons is a Canadian marine biologist who advocated a holistic approach to studying ocean environments. Parsons attended McGill University, Montreal, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in agriculture (1953), a master’s degree in agricultural chemistry (1955), and a doctorate in

Timothy Parsons is a Canadian marine biologist who advocated a holistic approach to studying ocean environments. Parsons attended McGill University, Montreal, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in agriculture (1953), a master’s degree in agricultural chemistry (1955), and a doctorate in

William Parsons, 3rd earl of Rosse was an Irish astronomer and builder of the largest reflecting telescope, the “Leviathan,” of the 19th century. In 1821 Parsons was elected to the House of Commons. He resigned his seat in 1834 but in 1841 inherited his father’s title, becoming the 3rd earl of

Persis: …the Iranian tribe of the Parsua (Parsuash; Parsumash; Persians), who settled there in the 7th century bc. Herodotus lists the leading Persian tribes as the Pasargadae, to which the Achaemenians, the royal family of Persia, belonged; the Maraphii; and the Maspii. It was these three that Cyrus II the Great…

Anatolia: Middle Bronze Age: …as Acemhöyük (probably the ancient Purushkhanda) and Hattusas (site of the later Hittite capital), which, together with a number of other cities in central Anatolia, were also violently destroyed. It is not clear who was responsible for the destruction. The Middle Bronze Age sites of western Anatolia were largely unaffected…

Achaemenes: Although Achaemenes probably ruled only Parsumash, a vassal state of the kingdom of Media, many scholars believe that he led armies from Parsumash and Anshan (Anzan, northwest of Susa in Elam) against the Assyrian king Sennacherib in 681.

partbook, usual form in which vocal or instrumental polyphonic music was handwritten or printed in the 15th and 16th centuries. Each partbook contained the notation of only one voice, or part. The parts of madrigals, however, were sometimes published crosswise on single sheets, which allowed each

Alfred Corn: Corn also wrote the novels Part of His Story (1997), about an American playwright who moves to London after his lover’s death from AIDS, and Miranda’s Book (2014), in which a novelist writes about his imprisoned niece. His other books included The Poem’s Heartbeat: A Manual of Prosody (1997) and…

part of speech, lexical category to which a word is assigned based on its function in a sentence. There are eight parts of speech in traditional English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. In linguistics, parts of speech are more typically

Joseph Brodsky: …English, include the poetry collections A Part of Speech (1980), History of the Twentieth Century (1986), and To Urania (1988) and the essays in Less Than One (1986). His notable posthumous publications include the collections So Forth (1996) and Nativity Poems (2001) and the children’s poem Discovery (1999).

Arvo Pärt is an Estonian composer who developed a style based on the slow modulation of sounds such as those produced by bells and pure voice tones, a technique reminiscent of the medieval Notre-Dame school and the sacred music of Eastern Orthodoxy; Pärt is a devout Orthodox Christian. His major

automation: Numerical control: …machines using numerical control include component-insertion machines used in electronics assembly, drafting machines that prepare engineering drawings, coordinate measuring machines that perform accurate inspections of parts, and flame cutting machines and similar devices. In these applications, the term numerical control is not always used explicitly, but the operating principle is…

Gig Economy: part-time job performed by freelance workers for a limited amount of time. The word has historically been used by musicians and singers who have “gigs” with a specific band or venue for a certain period of time and then move on to another band or…

Gig Economy: part-time job performed by freelance workers for a limited amount of time. The word has historically been used by musicians and singers who have “gigs” with a specific band or venue for a certain period of time and then move on to another band or…

Leo McCarey: Feature films: …had even more success with Part Time Wife (1930), a comedy about an estranged couple (Edmund Lowe and Leila Hyams) who reconnect through golf. It was cowritten by McCarey, who contributed to the story or screenplay for most of his films. Next came Indiscreet (1931), a largely forgettable musical despite…

Gig Economy: part-time job performed by freelance workers for a limited amount of time. The word has historically been used by musicians and singers who have “gigs” with a specific band or venue for a certain period of time and then move on to another band or…

mereology, branch of logic, founded by the 20th-century logician Stanisław Leśniewski, that tries to clarify class expressions and theorizes on the relation between parts and wholes. It attempts to explain Bertrand Russell’s paradox of the class of all those classes that are not elements of

Pratapgarh, town, southern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It lies in an upland region about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Banswara. The town was founded in 1689 and was the capital of the princely state of Partabgarh (founded in the 15th century), which became part of the state of Rajasthan

Pratapgarh, district, southeast-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. Part of the great alluvial Indo-Gangetic Plain, it is bounded on the southwest by the Ganges (Ganga) River and drained by one of its tributaries, the Sai River. The district is fertile and partially forested, although

Paul Claudel: …his subsequent works beginning with Partage de midi (published 1906). In this searching, autobiographical work, Claudel appears torn between human and divine love. The conflict is resolved in L’Annonce faite à Marie (1912; Tidings brought to Mary, 1916), a medieval mystery in tone, in which Claudel expounds on woman’s place…

Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle: …and two opposition parties, the Indonesian Democratic Party (later the PDI-P) and the United Development Party. The Indonesian Democratic Party was created from three nationalist groups and two Christian-based parties: the Indonesian Nationalist Party, the Movement for the Defense of Indonesian Independence, the People’s Party, the Catholic Party, and the…

Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), political party in Indonesia formed in 1973 through the forced merger of five non-Islamic political parties. In the final three decades of the 20th century, it was one of two opposition parties officially recognized by the government. Although it

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono: …the principal founder of the Democrat Party (Partai Demokrat; PD), which became his political vehicle for the rest of his career in public service.

Indonesia: Indonesia after Suharto: …Party (Partai Gerkan Indonesia Raya; Gerindra) in the July 2014 presidential election. Jokowi faced a legislative challenge, however, because Gerindra, led by Prabowo, was able to form a large-majority coalition in the parliament that included the PD, Golkar, and the Muslim PPP. In 2015 Indonesia’s economic performance was solid but…

Golkar, social and political organization in Indonesia that evolved into a political party after it was founded as the Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya (Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups) by a group of army officers in 1964. Golkar, established ostensibly to counterbalance the growing power

National Awakening Party, moderate Islamic political party in Indonesia. The PKB was formed in 1998 by Abdurrahman Wahid—a Muslim cleric and head of the Council of Scholars (Nahdlatul-ʿUlama), the country’s largest Muslim organization— and his supporters. Its opposition to an Islamic government,

Indonesia: The rise of nationalism: …1920 and adopted the name Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia; PKI) in 1924.

Indonesia: The rise of nationalism: …Indonesian Nationalist Association, later the Indonesian Nationalist Party (Partai Nasional Indonesia; PNI), was formed under the chairmanship of Sukarno. The PNI was based on the idea of noncooperation with the government of the East Indies and was thus distinguished from those groups, such as Sarekat Islam, that were prepared to…

United Development Party, moderate Islamist political party in Indonesia. The PPP was formed in 1973 through the merger of four Islamic groups—the Council of Scholars (Nahdlatul Ulama), the Indonesian Islamic Party (Partai Muslimin Indonesia), the United Islamic Party of Indonesia (Partai Syarikat

Sutan Sjahrir: …he formed a Socialist party, Partai Sosialis Indonesia (PSI), which opposed the Communist Party, but it failed to win popular support and was banned by Sukarno in 1960. On Jan. 17, 1962, Sjahrir was arrested on charges of conspiracy. He was held without trial until 1965, when he was allowed…

Punjab: History of Punjab: …enlarged Punjab was provided by Sardar Partap Singh Kairon, chief minister of the state from 1956 to 1964. The call for a separate Indian state containing the predominantly Punjabi-speaking areas intensified in the wake of Punjab’s expansion. Eventually, the government of India met the demand. On November 1, 1966, Punjab…

Pratapgarh, town, southern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It lies in an upland region about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Banswara. The town was founded in 1689 and was the capital of the princely state of Partabgarh (founded in the 15th century), which became part of the state of Rajasthan

Pratapgarh, district, southeast-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. Part of the great alluvial Indo-Gangetic Plain, it is bounded on the southwest by the Ganges (Ganga) River and drained by one of its tributaries, the Sai River. The district is fertile and partially forested, although

partbook, usual form in which vocal or instrumental polyphonic music was handwritten or printed in the 15th and 16th centuries. Each partbook contained the notation of only one voice, or part. The parts of madrigals, however, were sometimes published crosswise on single sheets, which allowed each

Harry Partch was a visionary and eclectic composer and instrument builder, largely self-taught, whose compositions are remarkable for the complexity of their scores (each instrument has its own characteristic notation, often involving 43 tones to each octave) and their employment of unique

Adolfo Aristarain: …La parte del león (1978; The Lion’s Share). This was the first of a series of films that came to be known as Aristarain’s “thriller trilogy,” filmed during Argentina’s military dictatorship. These films earned him the respect of the critics and a growing audience. Among his later films were Un…

Parteciaco family, noted Venetian family that produced seven doges between 810 and 942, as well as many bishops and church officials. The first dux, or doge, in the family was one Ursus (or Orso I Parteciaco), who ruled from 727 to 739; but the real founder of the dynasty was Agnello Parteciaco

Parteciaco family: …founder of the dynasty was Agnello Parteciaco (died 827). Opposing a faction that had placed Venice under the control of Charlemagne’s son Pippin, the Frankish king of Italy, Agnello moved the government from the island of Malamocco (now Lido) to its present site on the Rialto group of islands, where…

Parteciaco family: …was succeeded by his sons Giustiniano and Giovanni I. Giustiniano is known to economic historians because of his will, which contained large bequests of pepper and other spices, demonstrating that Venice was already engaged in large-scale trade with the Levant in the early 9th century. In 828, during Giustiniano’s reign,…

Parteciaco family, noted Venetian family that produced seven doges between 810 and 942, as well as many bishops and church officials. The first dux, or doge, in the family was one Ursus (or Orso I Parteciaco), who ruled from 727 to 739; but the real founder of the dynasty was Agnello Parteciaco

Germany: The reunification of Germany: …the SED, now renamed the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), suffered a crushing defeat. The eastern counterpart of Kohl’s CDU, which had pledged a speedy reunification of Germany, emerged as the largest political party in East Germany’s first democratically elected People’s Chamber. A new East German government headed by Lothar…

Garmisch-Partenkirchen: …ancient villages of Garmisch and Partenkirchen, was chartered in 1935 and retains much of its rural character.

Parthenopean Republic, short-lived republic in Naples proclaimed on Jan. 23, 1799, after a popular uprising of pro-French republicans resulted in the ouster of King Ferdinand IV. A counterrevolution the same year, aided by a papal army and an English fleet under Horatio Nelson and marked by

romance: The theme of separation and reunion: The popular Partenopeus de Blois (c. 1180), of which 10 French manuscripts and many translated versions are known, resembles the Cupid and Psyche story told in the Roman writer Apuleius’ Golden Ass (2nd century ad), although there is probably no direct connection. In the early 13th-century Galeran…