pastoral literature, class of literature that presents the society of shepherds as free from the complexity and corruption of city life. Many of the idylls written in its name are far remote from the realities of any life, rustic or urban. Among the writers who have used the pastoral convention

Andrés Pastrana Arango is a Colombian journalist and politician who served as president of Colombia (1998–2002). Pastrana, the son of Misael Pastrana Borrero, president of Colombia from 1970 to 1974, earned a graduate degree in public law from San Carlos College in Bogotá and later studied at the

Giovanni Pastrone was a pioneer Italian motion picture director and producer. As a teenager Pastrone demonstrated a temperament both practical and creative, combining his studies in accounting with the study of the cello. He constructed several musical instruments by hand, and, though his passion

pastry, stiff dough made from flour, salt, a relatively high proportion of fat, and a small proportion of liquid. It may also contain sugar or flavourings. Most pastry is leavened only by the action of steam, but Danish pastry is raised with yeast. Pastry is rolled or patted out into thin sheets to

Pastry War, (1838–39), brief and minor conflict between Mexico and France, arising from the claim of a French pastry cook living in Tacubaya, near Mexico City, that some Mexican army officers had damaged his restaurant. A number of foreign powers had pressed the Mexican government without success

feed: Pasture: Pasture grasses and legumes, both native and cultivated, are the most important single source of feed for ruminants such as cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. During the growing season they furnish most of the feed for these animals at a cost lower than for…

Rogier van der Weyden was a Northern Renaissance painter who, with the possible exception of Jan van Eyck, was the most influential northern European artist of his time. Though most of his work was religious, he produced secular paintings (now lost) and some sensitive portraits. Rogier was the son

Charles Francis Annesley Voysey: …Chorley Wood, Hertfordshire (1899–1900); and The Pastures, North Luffenham, Leicestershire (1901). The interiors of his nature-related, cottage-style buildings were characteristically long and low, with clean lines, the exteriors distinctive for their characteristic white roughcast walls, high pitched roofs, and massive chimneys. Voysey’s designs were widely copied. He designed no major…

kosher: …it is the opposite of pasul (“unfit”).

Buzău Pass, pass connecting Brașov with Buzău, southeastern Romania, over the Buzău Mountains, in the Eastern Carpathians. It follows the valley of the Buzău River for most of its distance. A road crosses the pass, and there are short, nonconnecting rail branches from Brașov and

Predeal Pass, pass, southeastern Romania, connecting the city of Braşov and the Bîrsei Depression to the north with the city of Ploieşti and the Danube Plain to the south, across the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathians). A major natural route followed by road and rail lines, it divides the

Surduc Pass, pass, southwestern Romania. The Jiu River flows through the pass between the Vâlcan (west) and the Parâng (east) mountains, in the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathians). The pass connects the Petroşani Depression (upper Jiu Valley) with the Plain of Oltenia. A road and the

Pashupatinath Temple, place of worship in the Kathmandu Valley on the Baghmati River, on the eastern outskirts of the city of Kathmandu, that is the holiest site in Nepal. It is devoted to the Hindu god Shiva in his form as Pashupati, protector of animals. There has been a religious foundation here

Pusur River, distributary of the Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River), southwestern Bangladesh. It leaves the Madhumati River (there called the Baleswar) northeast of Khulna city and flows some 110 miles (177 km) southward past the port at Mongla and through the swampy Sundarbans region to the Bay of

Pasuruan, city, East Java (Jawa Timur) propinsi (or provinsi; province), Java, Indonesia. It is situated on Madura Strait. The Dutch first established a fort at Pasuruan in 1707. It was the capital of a residency from 1811 to 1934, which, by transferring to Malang in 1934, precipitated the

ʿayn: …of Jannina (now in Greece), Pasvanoğlu of Vidin (now in Bulgaria), and İsmail Bey of Seres (now Sérrai, Greece) maintained their own private armies, levied taxes, and dispensed justice. The ʿayn of Rusçuk (now in Bulgaria), Bayrakdar Mustafa Paşa, although he failed to restore Selim III, led a successful coup…

ʿayn: …of Jannina (now in Greece), Pasvanoğlu of Vidin (now in Bulgaria), and İsmail Bey of Seres (now Sérrai, Greece) maintained their own private armies, levied taxes, and dispensed justice. The ʿayn of Rusçuk (now in Bulgaria), Bayrakdar Mustafa Paşa, although he failed to restore Selim III, led a successful coup…

Lok Janshakti Party: Also prominent were his son, Chirag Paswan, who served as the chairman of the LJP’s parliamentary board, and younger brothers Pashupati Kumar Paras, who acted as the party’s Bihar unit chief, and Ramchandra Paswan, who was one of its national vice presidents.

Ram Vilas Paswan was an Indian politician and government official who was a long-serving national parliamentarian and was the founder and longtime leader of the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP), a regional political party in Bihar state, eastern India. Paswan was born in a village near Khagaria in what is

jute, either of two species of Corchorus plants—C. capsularis, or white jute, and C. olitorius, including both tossa and daisee varieties—belonging to the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae), and their fibre. The latter is a bast fibre; i.e., it is obtained from the inner bast tissue of the

Bahawalpur: East of Bahawalpur is the Pat, or Bar, a tract of land considerably higher than the adjoining valley. It is chiefly desert irrigated by the Sutlej inundation canals and yields crops of wheat, cotton, and sugarcane. Farther east the Rohi, or Cholistan, is a barren desert tract, bounded on the…

Jashpur Pats: The pats are a complex of small flat-topped plateaus and hills, separated from each other by fault scarps and river valleys. To the north the Upper Pats (known locally as Uparghat) have an elevation of about 2,500 to 3,300 feet (750 to 1,000 meters). To the…

George Cukor: Films of the 1950s: …followed by the sunny, hilarious Pat and Mike (1952), with Tracy and Hepburn again splendid as a sports promoter and a high-class multitalented athlete, respectively. Its Kanin-Gordon screenplay earned an Academy Award nomination. Cukor’s next projects were built on screenplays that Gordon and Kanin wrote independently of each other. The…

Pat Boone: …the weekly television variety program The Pat Boone–Chevy Showroom. He appeared in several popular films, including April Love (1957), the science-fiction movie Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959), and the musical State Fair (1962), in which he starred with fellow teen idols Bobby Darin and Ann-Margret.

Bob Dylan: Dylan in the 1970s: …in director Sam Peckinpah’s film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid and contributed to the sound track, including “Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door.” Writings and Drawings, an anthology of his lyrics and poetry, was published the next year. In 1974 he toured for the first time in eight years, reconvening with…

SATA: SATA replaced the long-standing PATA (parallel ATA) interface.

Miriam Makeba: …was internationally known were “Pata Pata” and one known as the “Click Song” in English (“Qongqothwane” in Xhosa); both featured the distinctive click sounds of her native Xhosa language. Makeba made 30 original albums, in addition to 19 compilation albums and appearances on the recordings of several other musicians.

hummingbird: Even the largest, the giant hummingbird (Patagona gigas) of western South America, is only about 20 cm (8 inches) long, with a body weight of about 20 g (0.7 ounce), less than that of most sparrows. The smallest species, the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga, sometimes Calypte, helenae) of Cuba and…

Patagonia, semiarid scrub plateau that covers nearly all of the southern portion of mainland Argentina. With an area of about 260,000 square miles (673,000 square kilometres), it constitutes a vast area of steppe and desert that extends south from latitude 37° to 51° S. It is bounded,

Pleistocene Epoch: Glaciation: In the Southern Hemisphere, the Patagonia Ice Cap developed in the southern Andes, and ice caps and larger valley glaciers formed in the central and northern Andes. Glaciers also developed in New Zealand and on the higher mountains of Africa and Tasmania, including some located on the equator.

Andes Mountains: Physiography of the Southern Andes: The Patagonian Andes rise north of the Strait of Magellan. Numerous transverse and longitudinal depressions and breaches cut this wild and rugged portion of the Andes, sometimes completely; many ranges are occupied by ice fields, glaciers, rivers, lakes, or fjords. The crests of the mountains exceed…

conure: …(to 50 cm [20 inches]) Patagonian conure, or burrowing parrot, Cyanoliseus patagonus, nests colonially in cliff holes in temperate regions of Chile and Argentina.

alerce, (species Fitzroya cupressoides), coniferous tree that is the only species of the genus Fitzroya, of the cypress family (Cupressaceae), native to southern Chile and southern Argentina. In the wild it grows to become one of the oldest and largest trees in the world. The alerce is thought to

Tehuelche: …Indians who formerly inhabited the Patagonian plains from the Strait of Magellan to the Negro River. They were divided into northern and southern branches. Each division had its own dialect; the northerners have been classified as horse nomads, the southerners as foot people. They became famous in European literature for…

Argentina: Patagonia: …Europeans to the north, the Patagonian Indians thus remained unmolested until the mid-19th century, when European settlements encroached and warfare erupted. The Indian wars in northern Patagonia and the southern and western Pampas culminated in a campaign known as the Conquest of the Desert, which ended in 1879 with the…

mara: … of the cavy family, the Patagonian mara (D. patagonum) or the Chacoan mara (D. salinicola).

Patagonian opossum, (Lestodelphys halli), a small insectivorous and carnivorous marsupial (family Didelphidae, subfamily Didelphinae) found only in south-central Argentina, occurring farther south than other American marsupials. Adults reach 24.5 cm (10 inches) in length and weigh up to 90 grams

Patagonian opossum, (Lestodelphys halli), a small insectivorous and carnivorous marsupial (family Didelphidae, subfamily Didelphinae) found only in south-central Argentina, occurring farther south than other American marsupials. Adults reach 24.5 cm (10 inches) in length and weigh up to 90 grams

seedsnipe: …is the least, pygmy, or Patagonian seedsnipe (Thinocorus rumicivorus). It covers its eggs with sand when it leaves the nest. The largest (about 30 cm, or 12 in.) is Gay’s seedsnipe (Attagis gayi), which nests high in the Andes.

puppetry: Styles of puppet theatre: …of Irish wits ran the Patagonian Theatre in London from 1776 to 1781 with a program of ballad operas and literary burlesques. In France there was a great vogue for the puppet theatre among literary men during the second half of the 19th century. This seems to have begun with…

weasel: The Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) is a larger mustelid of the South American Pampas. It is about 30–35 cm (12–14 inches) long, excluding the 6–9-cm (2.5–3.5-inch) tail. That weasel is grayish with dark brown underparts and a white stripe running across the forehead to the sides…

titanosaur: Although other titanosaurs (such as Patagotitan and Argentinosaurus, whose weights have been estimated at 63.5 metric tons [70 tons] and 70 metric tons [77 tons], respectively) have been conjectured to have been larger than Dreadnoughtus, which was 26 metres (about 85 feet) long and weighed 59 metric tons (65 tons),…

Lenny Bruce: …his death, New York Governor George Pataki issued him an unprecedented posthumous pardon.

Alexander the Great: Invasion of India: On reaching Patala, located at the head of the Indus delta, he built a harbour and docks and explored both arms of the Indus, which probably then ran into the Rann of Kachchh. He planned to lead part of his forces back by land, while the rest…

Patna, city, capital of Bihar state, northern India. It lies about 290 miles (470 km) northwest of Kolkata (Calcutta). Patna is one of the oldest cities in India. During the Mughal period it was known as Azimabad. Patna is a riverside city that extends along the south bank of the Ganges (Ganga)

Patan, city, northern Gujarat state, west-central India. It is situated on the Saraswati River in the lowlands between the Aravalli Range and the Gulf of Khambhat (Cambay). Patan was once the capital of the Chavada and Solanki dynasties (720–1242), but it was sacked in 1024 by Maḥmūd of Ghazna. The

Lalitpur, town, central Nepal, in the Kathmandu Valley near the Baghmati River, about 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Kathmandu. According to Nepalese chronicles, Lalitpur was founded by King Varadeva in 299 ce. Some scholars believe that it was the capital of the Licchavi, Thakuri, and Malla

Somnath, ancient ruined city, southwestern Gujarat state, west-central India. It is the site of the temple of Shiva as Somanatha (“Lord of the Soma,” a sacred intoxicating drink, and, by extension, “Lord of the Moon”). The temple was sacked by the Turkic Muslim invader Maḥmūd of Ghazna in 1024–25

Patángoro, Indian people of western Colombia, apparently extinct since the late 16th century. They spoke a language of the Chibchan family. The Patángoro were agricultural, raising corn (maize), sweet manioc (yuca), beans, avocados, and some fruit. Land was cleared by slash-and-burn methods, and

Pattani, town, southern Thailand, on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The town is located at the mouth of the Pattani River. Pattani was an independent Muslim city-state, ruling a large portion of the surrounding region until the 16th century, when it became a vassal state of Siam (now

Patanjali was the author or one of the authors of two great Hindu classics: the first, Yoga-sutras, a categorization of Yogic thought arranged in four volumes with the titles “Psychic Power,” “Practice of Yoga,” “Samadhi” (state of profound contemplation of the Absolute), and “Kaivalya”

children’s literature: The 20th century: Patapoufs et filifers, by André Maurois, a gentle satire on war, has lasted (Eng. trans. Pattypuffs and Thinifers, 1948; reissued 1968). His fantastic Le Pays des 36,000 volontés is almost as popular. The famous dramatist Charles Vildrac has done much to advance the cause of…

Ardem Patapoutian is a Lebanese-born American molecular biologist and neuroscientist known for his investigations of the molecular basis of mechanoreception, the ability of animals to detect and respond to certain kinds of stimuli, particularly touch and changes in pressure or posture. Among his

Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps: …husband business manager of the Patapsco Female Institute in Ellicott’s Mills, Maryland. In her 15 years at that school, Phelps created an institution of high academic standards, with a curriculum rich in the sciences, mathematics, and natural history and designed in particular to train highly qualified teachers. The polite attainments…

Patarine, member of a medieval group of lay craftsmen, tradesmen, and peasants organized in Milan about 1058 to oppose clerical concubinage and marriage; the group later widened its attack to oppose generally the papacy’s moral corruption and temporal powers. The Patarine movement was so called

Patarine, member of a medieval group of lay craftsmen, tradesmen, and peasants organized in Milan about 1058 to oppose clerical concubinage and marriage; the group later widened its attack to oppose generally the papacy’s moral corruption and temporal powers. The Patarine movement was so called

Patarine, member of a medieval group of lay craftsmen, tradesmen, and peasants organized in Milan about 1058 to oppose clerical concubinage and marriage; the group later widened its attack to oppose generally the papacy’s moral corruption and temporal powers. The Patarine movement was so called

Patarine, member of a medieval group of lay craftsmen, tradesmen, and peasants organized in Milan about 1058 to oppose clerical concubinage and marriage; the group later widened its attack to oppose generally the papacy’s moral corruption and temporal powers. The Patarine movement was so called

patas monkey, (Erythrocebus patas), long-limbed and predominantly ground-dwelling primate found in the grass and scrub regions of West and Central Africa and southeast to the Serengeti plains. The adult male patas monkey has shaggy fur set off by a white mustache and white underparts, and its build

trisomy 13, human chromosomal disorder that results from an extra (third) copy of chromosome 13. Trisomy 13 can be present in all cells of the body but can also occur as mosaic trisomy 13, in which the extra chromosome is in only some cells. It can also occur as partial trisomy 13, in which only

Padua, city, Veneto region, northern Italy, on the River Bacchiglione, west of Venice. As the Roman town Patavium—founded, according to legend, by the Trojan hero Antenor—it was first mentioned in 302 bce, according to the Roman historian Livy, who was born there (59 bce). The town prospered

Jamestown Colony: Peace and the onset of the tobacco economy (1613–14): …Japazeus, the chief of the Patawomeck tribe. The Patawomeck were located along the Potomac River, beyond Chief Powhatan’s empire. In March 1613 Argall chanced to learn that Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas was staying with Japazeus. Argall resolved to kidnap her and ransom her for English prisoners held by the Powhatan Indians…

St. Joan of Arc: Victories and coronation: …came face to face at Patay on June 18, 1429. Joan promised success to the French, saying that Charles, would win a greater victory that day than any he had won so far. The victory was indeed complete: the English army was routed and with it, finally, its reputation for…

Robin Williams: …his patients with laughter in Patch Adams (1998) and portrayed a psychotic photo-lab technician who stalks a suburban family in One Hour Photo (2002). A 2002 stand-up performance led to the hugely successful Robin Williams: Live on Broadway (2002), which was released as both an album and a video. He…

patch box, small, usually rectangular, sometimes oval box used mostly as a receptacle for beauty patches, especially in the 18th century. During the days of Louis XV, black patches of gummed taffeta were popular with fashionable women (and sometimes men) who wanted to emphasize the beauty or

patch dynamics, in ecology, a theoretical approach positing that the structure, function, and dynamics of an ecological system can be understood and predicted from an analysis of its smaller interactive spatial components (patches). In addition to its significance as a theoretical approach, the

Sidney Poitier: Hollywood trailblazer: …blind girl (Elizabeth Hartman) in A Patch of Blue (1965); the moving drama also starred Shelley Winters as her abusive mother.

platform reef, a coral reef found on continental shelves and characterized by a primarily radial growth pattern. A platform reef may or may not lie behind a barrier reef and may undergo elongation if established on a sandbank. Reefs grow actively outward as well as upward, especially in the stable

patch test, controlled application of biological or chemical substances to the skin in order to detect if the subject has an allergic hypersensitivity to one of them. The test was originally developed to test new chemical compounds for their allergic potential on animals but has since become widely

John McPhee: … (2017) and the essay collection The Patch (2018).

Erwin Neher: …for the development of the patch-clamp technique, a laboratory method that can detect the very small electrical currents produced by the passage of ions through the cell membrane.

Kenneth Patchen was an American experimental poet, novelist, painter, and graphic designer. Itinerant in his youth and only occasionally a student, Patchen worked at many jobs before beginning to write and paint. He published many collections of verse from 1936 on, notably Collected Poems (1968),

Ann Patchett is an American author whose novels often portray the intersecting lives of characters from disparate backgrounds. When Patchett was six years old, her family moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where she grew up and where she made her home. She obtained a B.A. degree (1984) from Sarah

patchouli, (Pogostemon cablin), aromatic flowering plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae), the leaves of which are a source of essential oil that is used as a fragrance in perfumes, cosmetics, and incense. Patchouli is native to tropical Asia, where it is widely cultivated and has been used for

patchouli: Uses: Patchouli essential oil is obtained from the shade-dried leaves by steam distillation. The oil is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, perfumes, detergents, cosmetics, and deodorants, although patchouli is not the dominant fragrance in many of these products. Patchouli essential oil has pleasing musky…

patchwork, the process of joining strips, squares, triangles, hexagons, or other shaped pieces of fabric (also called patches), by either hand or machine stitching, into square blocks or other units. It is one of the primary construction techniques of quilting and is often combined with appliqué.

Anne Tyler: … (1991); Ladder of Years (1995); A Patchwork Planet (1998); Digging to America (2006); The Beginner’s Goodbye (2012); and A Spool of Blue Thread (2015). Vinegar Girl (2016), a retelling of William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, was written for the Hogarth Shakespeare series.

alopecia areata: Types: Patchy alopecia areata, which is the most common form, is characterized by small round patches of hair loss, usually on the scalp. Alopecia totalis affects the scalp and is characterized by complete or almost complete hair loss. Alopecia universalis, which is rare, involves total or…

Ronald Reagan: First days: …of air traffic controllers, the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO)—one of the few unions to endorse Reagan in the 1980 election—walked off their jobs, demanding higher pay and better working conditions. As federal employees, the PATCO members were forbidden by law to strike, and Reagan, on the advice of…

pâté, (French: “paste”), in French cuisine, a filled pastry, analogous to the English pie. The term pâté is also used, with modifiers, to denote two other distinct preparations: pâté en terrine, a meat, game, or fish mixture wrapped in suet or other animal fat or lining and cooked in a deep oval or

eastern Africa: The Shirazi migration: …very substantial town, as did Pate, in the Lamu islands. The ruling classes of these towns were Muslims of mixed Arab and African descent who were mostly involved in trade; beneath them were African labourers who were often slaves and a transient Arab population. The impetus in this society was…

tourtière, a double-crusted meat pie that is likely named for a shallow pie dish still used for cooking and serving tourtes (pies) in France. The ground or chopped filling usually includes pork and is sometimes mixed with other meats, including local game, such as rabbit, pheasant, or moose. It is

pâté: …pastry, and served cold; and pâté en croûte, a meat, game, or fish filling cooked in a crust and served hot or cold. It is from pâté en terrine, more properly abbreviated terrine, that the pâté of British and American usage derives.

pâté: …other distinct preparations: pâté en terrine, a meat, game, or fish mixture wrapped in suet or other animal fat or lining and cooked in a deep oval or oblong dish, without pastry, and served cold; and pâté en croûte, a meat, game, or fish filling cooked in a crust and…

pastry: …extreme of flaky pastry is pâte feuilletée, which is formed by folding and refolding a butter-filled pastry to form hundreds of layers of flour and butter that rise in the oven to 12 times the height of the uncooked pastry.

opaline glass: …of crystal, semicrystal, glass, and pâte-de-riz (glass made by firing glass powder in a mold), the latter a Bohemian innovation. Sky blue—a colour invented in Bohemia in 1835—was copied at Baccarat and Saint-Louis about 1843; the glass used was generally pâte-de-riz. Ultramarine blue was most frequently used between 1845 and…

pâte-sur-pâte, (French: “paste on paste”), method of porcelain decoration in which a relief design is created on an unfired, unglazed body by applying successive layers of white slip (liquid clay) with a brush. The technique was first employed by the Chinese in the 18th century. It was introduced

Pategi, town, Kwara state, west-central Nigeria. It lies on the south bank of the Niger River opposite the town of Mureji and the mouth of the Kaduna River. Founded in the late 16th century by the king of the Nupe peoples, the town, the name of which means “small hill,” became the capital of the

Bhikaiji Cama was an Indian political activist and advocate for women’s rights who had the unique distinction of unfurling the first version of the Indian national flag—a tricolor of green, saffron, and red stripes—at the International Socialist Congress held at Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907. Born to

Dev Patel is a multifaceted English actor of Indian descent who rose to international fame after starring in Slumdog Millionaire (2008) and has continued to enjoy an award-winning film career. Patel was born and raised in Harrow, an outer borough of London. His parents, of Gujarati descent,

Kash Patel is an American lawyer and government official who serves as director of the FBI (2025– ) in the Republican administration of Pres. Donald Trump. Patel held several posts during Trump’s first term (2017–21). He is especially known for claiming the existence of a “deep state” in the U.S.

Kash Patel is an American lawyer and government official who serves as director of the FBI (2025– ) in the Republican administration of Pres. Donald Trump. Patel held several posts during Trump’s first term (2017–21). He is especially known for claiming the existence of a “deep state” in the U.S.

Narendra Modi: Political ascent and term as chief minister of Gujarat: …chief minister, fellow BJP member Keshubhai Patel, after Patel had been held responsible for the state government’s poor response in the aftermath of the massive Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat earlier that year that killed more than 20,000 people. Modi entered his first-ever electoral contest in a February 2002 by-election that…

Bernstein v. the U.S. Department of State: Ninth Circuit District Court Judge Marilyn Hall Patel ruled in the instructor’s favour in 1996, citing First Amendment grounds to declare that free-speech rights protected the software’s source code.

Theresa May: Cabinet resignations: …earlier in his career, and Priti Patel, the international development secretary, resigned after it was revealed that she had held unauthorized meetings with Israeli politicians. In December, Damian Green, the first secretary of state, quit his position as a consequence of allegations that he had downloaded pornography onto his House…

Vallabhbhai Patel was an Indian barrister and statesman who was one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress during the struggle for Indian independence. During the first three years of Indian independence after 1947, he served as deputy prime minister, minister of home affairs, minister of

Vallabhbhai Patel was an Indian barrister and statesman who was one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress during the struggle for Indian independence. During the first three years of Indian independence after 1947, he served as deputy prime minister, minister of home affairs, minister of

knee: …the femur; the kneecap, or patella, rests upon the ends of the femur and serves to prevent the tibia from moving too far forward when the leg is bent. The articulating (meeting) surfaces of the femur and tibia condyles are very smooth and are separated by a slight gap.

gastropod: Classification: Superfamily Patellacea (Docoglossa) Conical-shelled limpets, without slits or holes, found in rocky shallow waters (Acmaeidae and Patellidae). Superfamily Trochacea Small to large spiral shells in shallow to deep ocean waters, often brightly coloured, with or without heavy shell ornamentation; Trochidae

Akita: Care and upkeep: …breed is also susceptible to patellar luxation (dislocated kneecap) and hypothyroidism. As with all large breeds prone to hip dysplasia, puppies should be fed a diet for large-breed puppies that slows their rate of growth. Regular eye examinations to detect progressive retinal atrophy are also recommended.