encaustic painting: …perfection by the genre painter Pausias in the 4th century bce.

tunnels and underground excavations: Ancient tunnels: …25-foot-wide, 30-foot-high road tunnel (the Pausilippo) between Naples and Pozzuoli, executed in 36 bce. By that time surveying methods (commonly by string line and plumb bobs) had been introduced, and tunnels were advanced from a succession of closely spaced shafts to provide ventilation. To save the need for a lining,…

Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky was a Soviet fiction writer best known for his short stories, which carried the pre-Revolutionary romantic tradition into the Soviet period. A descendant of Ukrainian Cossacks, Paustovsky attended school in Kiev, St. Petersburg, and Odessa. Before he began to

Kyustendil, town, southwestern Bulgaria. It lies on the margin of a small alluvial basin in the Struma River valley at the foot of the Osogov Mountains. It was known in Roman times as Pautalia, or Ulpia Pautalia. Located on the site of a Thracian fortified settlement, it became an important town

Antoine Le Pautre was a French Baroque architect. Born into a family of architects and decorators, Le Pautre was appointed architect to the king’s buildings in 1644. He then designed the Chapelle de Port-Royal (begun 1646), an austere building that suited Jansenist sobriety. He was commissioned in

Mongo Beti: …Pauvre Christ de Bomba (1956; The Poor Christ of Bomba), satirizes the destructive influence of French Catholic missionary activities in Cameroon. It was followed by Mission terminée (1957; also published as Mission to Kala and Mission Accomplished), which attacks French colonial policy through a young man who, upon returning to…

pavane, (probably from Italian padovana, “Paduan”), majestic processional dance of the 16th- and 17th-century European aristocracy. Until about 1650 the pavane opened ceremonial balls and was used as a display of elegant dress. Adapted from the basse danse, an earlier court dance, the pavane

vassa: Vassa concludes with the pavarana ceremony, in which every monk, irrespective of rank or seniority, agrees willingly to receive instruction from any other monk in the monastery if he acts improperly. The lively kathina (“cloth”) ceremony, in which groups of laymen present gifts to the monks, takes place during…

Ron Howard: the band’s 250 concerts, while Pavarotti (2019) chronicles the life and career of the prolific opera singer. In 2020 Howard helmed the documentary Rebuilding Paradise, about a California town’s efforts to rebuild after a wildfire caused massive damage. We Feed People (2022) centers on Spanish chef José Andrés and his…

Luciano Pavarotti was an Italian operatic lyric tenor who was considered one of the finest bel canto opera singers of the 20th century. Even in the highest register, his voice was noted for its purity of tone, and his concerts, recordings, and television appearances—which provided him ample

radar: Ballistic missile defense and satellite-surveillance radars: The Pave Paws radar (AN/FPS-115) is an ultrahigh-frequency (UHF; 420–450 MHz) phased-array system for detecting submarine-launched ballistic missiles. It is supposed to detect targets with a radar cross section of 10 square metres at a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km). The array antenna contains…

Irish Travellers, a traditionally nomadic ethnic minority indigenous to Ireland. Irish Travellers live in Ireland and throughout Great Britain, with smaller communities in Canada and the United States. They have lived as a distinct ethnic group with their own culture, language, and values,

Paul was the emperor of Russia from 1796 to 1801. Son of Peter III (reigned 1762) and Catherine the Great (reigned 1762–96), Paul was reared by his father’s aunt, the empress Elizabeth (reigned 1741–61). After 1760 he was tutored by Catherine’s close adviser, the learned diplomat Nikita Ivanovich

Czechoslovak history: The Prague Spring of 1968: …control of another purge victim, Josef Pavel. The newly elected Presidium, the policy-making body of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, consisted largely of newcomers.

Ante Pavelić was a Croatian fascist leader and revolutionist who headed a Croatian state subservient to Germany and Italy during World War II. As a practicing lawyer in Zagreb, Pavelić entered the nationalist Croatian Party of Rights. In 1920 he was elected city and county alderman at Zagreb. From

Pavement, American band whose foppish lyrics and punk-derived sonic textures merged into a free-floating poetry of reference that epitomized 1990s college rock. The original members were lead singer, guitarist, and principal songwriter Stephen Malkmus (also known as S.M.; b. May 30, 1966, Santa

pavement, in civil engineering, durable surfacing of a road, airstrip, or similar area. The primary function of a pavement is to transmit loads to the sub-base and underlying soil. Modern flexible pavements contain sand and gravel or crushed stone compacted with a binder of bituminous material,

cave: Pavement karst: This form of karst develops where bare carbonate rocks are exposed to weathering. The initiation of pavement karst is often due to glaciation, which scrapes off soil and weathered rock material to expose the bare bedrock. Accordingly, pavement karsts occur mainly in high…

road: Traffic control: … of roadway surfaces with painted lines and raised permanent markers is commonplace and effective, despite high maintenance costs and visibility problems at night, in heavy traffic, and in rain or snow. A solid line is a warning or instruction not to cross, and a broken line is for guidance. Thus,…

tessellated pavement, interior or exterior floor covering composed of stone tesserae (Latin: “dice”), cubes, or other regular shapes closely fitted together in simple or complex designs with a durable and waterproof cement, mortar, clay, or grout. Deriving from Greek pebble mosaic (q.v.) pavings of

road: Construction: …paving material increasingly involves a paving machine for distributing the aggregate, asphalt, or concrete uniformly and to the required thickness, shape, and width (typically, one or two traffic lanes). The paving machine can slipform the edges of the course, thus avoiding the need for fixed side-forms. As it progresses down…

Cesare Pavese was an Italian poet, critic, novelist, and translator, who introduced many modern U.S. and English writers to Italy. Born in a small town in which his father, an official, owned property, he moved with his family to Turin, where he attended high school and the university. Denied an

smart bomb: …with television-guidance systems and the Paveway series of bombs equipped with laser-guidance systems. Smart bombs or missiles were used in the latter stages of the Vietnam War to give pinpoint bombing accuracy and were used with dramatic effect by Allied forces in the Persian Gulf War. See also missile.

Gahanbar: …sacred liquor, haoma; and the Pavi, prayers honoring God and his spirits, performed jointly by the priest and the faithful. A solemn feast then follows, in which the sacrificial offerings made in the preceding liturgies are consumed in ritual purity.

Pavia, city, Lombardia (Lombardy) region, northern Italy, on the left bank of the Ticino River, above its junction with the Po, 20 miles (32 km) south of Milan, with which it is connected by the Naviglio di Pavia (Pavia Canal). Pavia originated as Ticinum, a settlement of the Papiria tribe, which

Manuel Pavía y Lacy was a Spanish general whose defeat in the Spanish Revolution of 1868 helped bring about the deposition of Queen Isabella II. Pavía was encouraged to enter the military by his father, an infantry colonel, and eventually was admitted to the elite Guards regiment. When Isabella

Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque was a Spanish general whose coup d’etat ended Spain’s First Republic (1873–74). In 1865 Pavía joined the staff of Gen. Juan Prim, whom he supported in the unsuccessful uprisings of 1866 and, after two years in exile, in the successful revolution of 1868 that

Battle of Pavia, the decisive military engagement of the war in Italy between King Francis I of France and the Habsburg emperor Charles V on February 24, 1525. The French army of 28,000 was virtually annihilated and Francis himself, commanding the French army, was left a prisoner of his archenemy,

Louis IV: Early life: The dynastic Compact of Pavia (1329), dividing the house of Wittelsbach into a Bavarian and a Palatinate line, enabled Louis to gain the latter line’s support in matters of imperial policy. He failed, however, to achieve a lasting understanding with his Lower Bavarian cousins; that conflict was…

Papal States: Early history: …the same year, by the Treaty of Pavia, the Lombard king Aistulf ceded territory in northern and central Italy. It was probably also about this time that the Donation of Constantine was forged by an unknown cleric in Rome. A legitimate donation by Charlemagne and decrees by Louis the Pious…

Louis IV: Early life: The dynastic Compact of Pavia (1329), dividing the house of Wittelsbach into a Bavarian and a Palatinate line, enabled Louis to gain the latter line’s support in matters of imperial policy. He failed, however, to achieve a lasting understanding with his Lower Bavarian cousins; that conflict was…

Pavia: The University of Pavia, founded in 1361, is linked with the ancient law school, which dates back to 825. The colleges of Ghislieri and Borromeo, founded in the 16th century by Pope Pius V and St. Charles Borromeo, with the addition of the Cairoli, Castiglioni-Brugnatelli, Fraccaro,…

Milorad Pavić was a poet, translator, literary historian, and postmodern novelist who was one of the most popular and most translated Serbian authors of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. He attained international acclaim with Hazarski rečnik (1984; Dictionary of the Khazars), a novel in the

Auguste Pavie was a French explorer and diplomat, who is best known for his explorations of the upper Mekong River valley and for having almost single-handedly brought the kingdoms of Laos under French control. Pavie went to Cochinchina (now part of southern Vietnam) as a sergeant in the marines in

Auguste Pavie was a French explorer and diplomat, who is best known for his explorations of the upper Mekong River valley and for having almost single-handedly brought the kingdoms of Laos under French control. Pavie went to Cochinchina (now part of southern Vietnam) as a sergeant in the marines in

pavilion, light temporary or semipermanent structure used in gardens and pleasure grounds. Although there are many variations, the basic type is a large, light, airy garden room with a high-peaked roof resembling a canopy. It was originally erected, like the modern canvas marquee, for special

brilliant cut: …girdle and those of the pavilion (below the girdle) an angle of 41°, the maximum amount of light entering the crown will be reflected back through the crown by the pavilion, and the diamond will possess its maximum brilliance and a high degree of fire.

Chinese architecture: The elements of traditional Chinese architecture: In the “pavilion concept,” whereby each building is conceived of as a freestanding rectilinear unit, flexibility in the overall design is achieved by increasing the number of such units, which are arranged together with open, connecting galleries skirting around rectilinear courtyards; diversity is achieved through design variations…

Alexander McCall Smith: …Jane Austen’s classic novel, while The Pavilion in the Clouds (2022) centres on a father’s alleged affair.

jingling Johnny, musical instrument consisting of a pole ornamented with a canopy (pavillon), a crescent, and other shapes hung with bells and metal jingling objects, and often surmounted by horsetails. It possibly originated as the staff of a Central Asian shaman, and it was part of the Turkish

pneumatic device: Major types of pneumatic devices: Hand-operated pneumatic paving breakers usually use solid steel drills and are not equipped for automatic rotation. One type of tool is valve-actuated, another is valveless. Heavy machines of about 80 pounds (36 kg) are used to break concrete pavement, foundations, and boulders. Medium breakers, weighing about 50…

road: Construction: …paving material increasingly involves a paving machine for distributing the aggregate, asphalt, or concrete uniformly and to the required thickness, shape, and width (typically, one or two traffic lanes). The paving machine can slipform the edges of the course, thus avoiding the need for fixed side-forms. As it progresses down…

Paiute: The Northern Paiute (called Paviotso in Nevada) are related to the Mono of California. Like a number of other California and Southwest Indians, the Northern Paiute have been known derogatorily as “Diggers” because some of the wild foods they collected required digging. They occupied east-central California,…

Prince Paul Karadjordjević was the regent of Yugoslavia in the period leading into World War II. Paul’s uncle was King Peter I of Serbia, and Paul’s mother was a Russian princess of the Demidov family. He was educated in Geneva and Belgrade, and in 1910 he moved to Britain to attend the University

Croatian literature: …genre novels by the popular Pavao Pavličić; prose by a prolific Croatian-Bosnian writer of the younger generation, Miljenko Jergović, and, at the turn of the 21st century, by Zoran Ferić, Ante Tomić, and Julijana Matanović.

Bernard Hopkins: …unanimous decision over previously undefeated Kelly Pavlik, who was 17 years his junior. Hopkins followed that victory with one against Enrique Ornelas in December 2009 and another against Roy Jones, Jr., in April 2010.

Pavlodar, city, northeastern Kazakhstan. It is a port on the Irtysh (Ertis) River. The community was founded in 1720 as Koryakovsky outpost on the Russian Irtysh fortified line, near salt lakes. It became the town of Pavlodar in 1861, but, although it did a substantial trade in salt and

Pavlof Volcano: …“twin,” a volcano known as Pavlof Sister (7,028 feet [2,142 metres]). Pavlof Sister is also active, but no eruptions have been reported there since 1762. Built high on a base of older volcanic rock, the two symmetrical, cone-shaped peaks are a prominent feature of the landscape.

Pavlof Volcano, volcanic peak of the Aleutian Range, southwestern Alaska, U.S. Situated about 580 miles (930 km) southwest of Anchorage, on the west side of Pavlof Bay, it lies near the southwestern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Rising to more than 8,260 feet (2,518 metres), Pavlof is one of the

Pavlohrad, city, south-central Ukraine. It was a minor trading centre before the October Revolution (1917) and was incorporated in 1797, and it later became a major railway junction and centre of the west Donets Basin. Its varied industrial base has included the manufacture of machinery for the

Pavlohrad, city, south-central Ukraine. It was a minor trading centre before the October Revolution (1917) and was incorporated in 1797, and it later became a major railway junction and centre of the west Donets Basin. Its varied industrial base has included the manufacture of machinery for the

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist known chiefly for his development of the concept of the conditioned reflex. In a now-classic experiment, he trained a hungry dog to salivate at the sound of a metronome or buzzer, which was previously associated with the sight of food. He developed a similar

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist known chiefly for his development of the concept of the conditioned reflex. In a now-classic experiment, he trained a hungry dog to salivate at the sound of a metronome or buzzer, which was previously associated with the sight of food. He developed a similar

pavlova, meringue-based dessert of Australian and New Zealand origin that is commonly topped with whipped cream and fruit and served at holidays. New Zealanders and Australians compete for ownership of pavlova, which in both countries is an iconic national delicacy. Perhaps the most misused of all

Anna Pavlova was a Russian ballerina, the most-celebrated dancer of her time. Pavlova studied at the Imperial School of Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre from 1891, joined the Imperial Ballet in 1899, and became a prima ballerina in 1906. In 1909 she went to Paris on the historic tour of the Ballets

Anna Pavlova was a Russian ballerina, the most-celebrated dancer of her time. Pavlova studied at the Imperial School of Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre from 1891, joined the Imperial Ballet in 1899, and became a prima ballerina in 1906. In 1909 she went to Paris on the historic tour of the Ballets

Pavlovian conditioning, a type of conditioned learning which occurs because of the subject’s instinctive responses, as opposed to operant conditioning, which is contingent on the willful actions of the subject. It was developed by the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (q.v.). See also

Grigori Rasputin: …the Duma), and Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich (the tsar’s cousin), formed a conspiracy to eliminate Rasputin and save the monarchy from further scandal. On the night of December 29–30 (December 16–17, Old Style), Rasputin was invited to visit Yusupov’s home, and, according to legend, once there, he was given poisoned…

Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich was the son of the Russian emperor Paul I (reigned 1796–1801), younger brother of Alexander I (reigned 1801–25), and elder brother of Nicholas I (reigned 1825–55); he was the virtual ruler of the Congress Kingdom of Poland (1815–30). Educated by a Swiss tutor under

Pavlovo, city and administrative centre of Pavlovo rayon (sector), Nizhegorod oblast (region), western Russia, on the Oka River. Its metalworking industries are continuations of what was a long handicraft tradition in metal goods, though now the industry produces buses and tractor and automobile

Pavlovsk, city, Leningrad oblast (region), northwestern Russia. Founded in 1777 as Pavlovskoye, it became a city and was renamed Pavlovsk in 1796. The site, on the Slavyanka River, was a gift from Catherine II the Great to her son and heir, Paul. She commissioned the Scottish architect Charles

Mariupol, city, southeastern Ukraine. It lies along the estuary of the Kalmius and Kalchik rivers, 6 miles (10 km) from the Sea of Azov. The city was founded in 1778 as Pavlovsk, on the site of a former Cossack encampment. It was renamed Mariupol in 1779 to honour Maria Fyodorovna, the second wife

Kodiak, city, Kodiak Island, southern Alaska, U.S. It is situated on Chiniak Bay, on the northeastern coast of Kodiak Island. Founded in 1792 by Aleksandr Andreyevich Baranov, manager in America for the Northeastern Company (later the Russian-American Company), it was first known as Pavlovsk Gavan,

Pavlovsky Posad, city, Moscow oblast (region), western Russia, on the Klyazma River. It grew from a monastic village and, in the 18th century, was a centre of peasant silk weaving. In 1844 it became an industrial centre (posad) with other villages and had nine silk and three paper factories,

20th-century international relations: Cold War assumptions and the quagmire: …units, and units of the People’s Army of North Vietnam (PAVN) entering the South along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. U.S. Special Forces tried to counter Communist control of the countryside with a “strategic hamlet” program, a tactic used with success by the British in Malaya. Diem instituted a policy…

Pavo, constellation in the southern sky at about 20 hours right ascension and 65° south in declination. Its brightest star is Alpha Pavonis, sometimes known as Peacock, with a magnitude of 1.9. This constellation was invented by Pieter Dircksz Keyser, a navigator who joined the first Dutch

peacock: …species of peafowl are the blue, or Indian, peacock (Pavo cristatus), of India and Sri Lanka, and the green, or Javanese, peacock (P. muticus), found from Myanmar (Burma) to Java. The Congo peacock (Afropavo congensis), which inhabits the forested interior of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was discovered in…

peacock: …and Sri Lanka, and the green, or Javanese, peacock (P. muticus), found from Myanmar (Burma) to Java. The Congo peacock (Afropavo congensis), which inhabits the forested interior of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was discovered in 1936 after a search that began in 1913 with the finding of a…

Battle of Pavón, (Sept. 17, 1861), in Argentine history, military clash at Pavón in Sante Fe province between the forces of the Argentine Confederation, commanded by Justo José de Urquiza, and those of Buenos Aires province, led by the governor, Bartolomé Mitre. Mitre’s victory there marked the end

quetzal: mocinno), and the pavonine quetzal (P. pavoninus)—reside in the neotropics (Central America and South America).

mental disorder: Other childhood disorders: inappropriate places), sleepwalking, and night terror. These symptoms are not necessarily evidence of emotional disturbance or of some other mental illness. Behavioral methods of treatment are usually effective.

Sharad Pawar is an Indian politician and government official, who in 1999 helped found the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and served as its president. Pawar was one of 10 children born to a middle-class agricultural family in Baramati, southeast of Pune, in what is now Maharashtra state. He went

Sharad Pawar is an Indian politician and government official, who in 1999 helped found the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and served as its president. Pawar was one of 10 children born to a middle-class agricultural family in Baramati, southeast of Pune, in what is now Maharashtra state. He went

Sharad Pawar is an Indian politician and government official, who in 1999 helped found the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and served as its president. Pawar was one of 10 children born to a middle-class agricultural family in Baramati, southeast of Pune, in what is now Maharashtra state. He went

Pawcatuck River, river rising in Worden Pond and Great Swamp, South Kingstown, R.I., U.S. It flows generally southwestward, emptying into Little Narragansett Bay after a course of about 30 miles (50 km). The river passes Shannock, Carolina, Bradford, Potter Hill, and Westerly and forms part of the

Pawhuska, city, seat (1907) of Osage county, northeastern Oklahoma, U.S. It was settled in 1872 and named for an Osage chief, Paw-Hiu-Skah (“White Hair”), and the first buildings were those of the Indian Agency (established 1873). Cattle and oil (discovered in 1897) provide the basis of the

Mizo: …to the entire Mizo community), Pawi (Lai), Lakher (Mara), and Hmar. In the early 21st century the Mizo numbered about one million.

Paola, town, eastern Malta, just south of Valletta and adjacent to Tarxien to the southeast. It was founded in 1626 by the grand master of the Hospitallers (Knights of Malta), Antoine de Paule, and it remained a small village until the late 19th century, when it grew rapidly as a residential

Tim Pawlenty is an American politician who served as governor of Minnesota (2003–11). He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2012. Pawlenty grew up in South St. Paul, Minnesota, the youngest of five children in a working-class family. His mother passed away when he was young. Pawlenty,

Tim Pawlenty is an American politician who served as governor of Minnesota (2003–11). He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2012. Pawlenty grew up in South St. Paul, Minnesota, the youngest of five children in a working-class family. His mother passed away when he was young. Pawlenty,

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury was an English politician and philosopher, grandson of the famous 1st earl and one of the principal English Deists. His early education was directed by John Locke, and he attended Winchester College. He entered Parliament in 1695 and, succeeding as 3rd

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st earl of Shaftesbury was an English politician, a member of the Council of State (1653–54; 1659) during the Commonwealth, and a member of Charles II’s “Cabinet Council” and lord chancellor (1672–73). Seeking to exclude the Roman Catholic duke of York (the future James II)

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th earl of Shaftesbury was one of the most effective social and industrial reformers in 19th-century England. He was also the acknowledged leader of the evangelical movement within the Church of England. He was the eldest son of Cropley Cooper (a younger brother of the 5th

Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska was a Polish poet whose work is representative of modern lyrical poetry. She is particularly notable for the urbane sensitivity of her poems. As a daughter of the well-known painter Wojciech Kossak, Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska grew up in an artistic and intellectual

Pawel Pawlikowski is a Polish-born British film director and screenwriter whose acclaimed works notably included Ida (2013), which won an Academy Award for best foreign-language film. Pawlikowski, who was baptized as a Roman Catholic but whose family was partly Jewish (his paternal grandmother died

Eliza Orzeszkowa was a Polish novelist and a leading writer of the Positivist period (the Polish Positivists took their name from Auguste Comte’s philosophy but were themselves mainly utilitarians). Questions of education, independence, and marriage in Orzeszkowa’s works were eventually

chess: Hypermodernism: …invited their opponents to advance pawns in the centre and in some cases tried to provoke them. For example, Alexander Alekhine, a future world champion who explored Hypermodern ideas in the 1920s, developed an opening that consisted of meeting 1 e4 with 1…Nf6 in order to tempt White to advance…

pre-Columbian civilizations: Social and political organization: …the Aztec social system were pawns and slaves. The former were poor men who could sell themselves or members of their household for a specified period of time. Their rights were carefully defended by Aztec law, and they were not slaves but more like indentured servants. True slaves did exist…

chess: Pawns: Only pawns can be captured en passant. The last unique feature of the pawn occurs if it reaches the end of a file; it must then be promoted to—that is, exchanged for—a queen, rook, bishop, or knight.

The Pawnbroker, American film drama, released in 1965, about the life of a Holocaust survivor. It shocked audiences with its subject matter and scenes of partial nudity. Rod Steiger played Sol Nazerman, a cynical, introverted concentration camp survivor who is now emotionally dead and who ekes out

pawnbroking, business of advancing loans to customers who have pledged household goods or personal effects as security on the loans. The trade of the pawnbroker is one of the oldest known to humanity; it existed in China 2,000 to 3,000 years ago. Ancient Greece and Rome were familiar with its

Pawnee, North American Indian people of Caddoan linguistic stock who lived on the Platte River in what is now Nebraska, U.S., from before the 16th century to the latter part of the 19th century. In the 19th century the Pawnee tribe was composed of relatively independent bands: the Kitkehahki,

As a girl growing up on Long Island, New York, Jen Pawol wanted to play Little League, but that wasn’t what girls in the 1980s did, so she played softball instead. In the spring of 2024 Pawol umpired her first Major League Baseball (MLB) spring training game and seemed on the verge of doing what no

As a girl growing up on Long Island, New York, Jen Pawol wanted to play Little League, but that wasn’t what girls in the 1980s did, so she played softball instead. In the spring of 2024 Pawol umpired her first Major League Baseball (MLB) spring training game and seemed on the verge of doing what no

papaya, (Carica papaya), succulent fruit of a large plant of the family Caricaceae. Though its origin is rather obscure, the papaya may represent the fusion of two or more species of Carica native to Mexico and Central America. Today it is cultivated throughout the tropical world and into the

pawpaw, (Asimina triloba), deciduous tree or shrub of the custard apple family (Annonaceae) and its edible fruit. The pawpaw—native to the United States from the Atlantic coast north to New York state and west to Michigan and Kansas—boasts the largest tree-borne fruit native to North America. The

Michael Cera: Later credits and voice work: …Movie (2017), Cryptozoo (2021), and Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank (2022). He also directed, wrote or cowrote, and starred in such short films as Brazzaville Teen-Ager and Failure (both 2013).

Pawtucket, city, Providence county, northeastern Rhode Island, U.S., on the Blackstone River (there bridged and known locally as the Pawtucket or the Seekonk) just northeast of Providence city and adjoining the city of Central Falls to the northwest. In the heart of the business district, the river

Lowell: …of waterpower from the Merrimack’s Pawtucket Falls (32 feet [10 metres]) and the completion of the Middlesex Canal link to Boston in 1803. By 1824 the locality was crisscrossed by a canal system that served numerous cotton textile mills along the Merrimack River. The community was incorporated as a town…

Blackstone River, river rising in south-central Worcester county, Massachusetts, U.S., and flowing generally southeast past Worcester city and Northbridge, Massachusetts; it continues across the northeast corner of Rhode Island, past Woonsocket, Central Falls, and Pawtucket, where it becomes the