Pelagophycus, genus of brown algae and type of kelp in the family Laminariaceae (sometimes placed in family Lessoniaceae), consisting of one species, elk kelp (Pelagophycus porra), known for the conspicuous antlerlike appearance of its branches. Pelagophycus is native to the deep waters from near

Pelagophycus: …Lessoniaceae), consisting of one species, elk kelp (Pelagophycus porra), known for the conspicuous antlerlike appearance of its branches. Pelagophycus is native to the deep waters from near the Channel Islands off the coast of southern California to the north-central Baja peninsula of Mexico. Three ecotypes (or varieties) are recognized and

reptile: Distribution and ecology: The yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platurus) spends all its life in marine environments. It feeds and gives birth far from any coastline and is helpless if washed ashore, whereas other sea snakes live in coastal waters of estuaries and coral reefs. The sea turtles are also predominately…

geranium: Geraniums are among the most popular of bedding and greenhouse plants. The closely related genus Pelargonium contains some 280 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbaceous plants that are commonly called geraniums.

Geraniales: The florist’s geranium (Pelargonium ×domesticum) is a favourite house plant and is available in many varieties. These cultivars (horticultural varieties) originated from plants native to South Africa. Geranium robertianum (herb Robert) is a well-known garden plant, as are some species of Erodium. Erodium cicutarium (pin-clover), a Mediterranean species…

geranium: Zonal, house, or bedding geraniums (P. × hortorum, a complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) are the familiar forms in garden culture and in pots indoors. Ivy, or hanging, geraniums (P. peltatum) are grown as basket plants indoors and out; they are also used…

geranium: …found in several species, including P. abrotanifolium, P. capitatum, P. citrosum, P. crispum, P. graveolens, and P. odoratissimum. Minty, fruity, floral, and spicy fragrances are released readily when their leaves are rubbed or bruised.

geranium: cucullatum, P. angulosum, and P. grandiflorum) have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or bedding geraniums (P. × hortorum, a complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) are the familiar forms in garden culture and in pots indoors. Ivy, or…

geranium: abrotanifolium, P. capitatum, P. citrosum, P. crispum, P. graveolens, and P. odoratissimum. Minty, fruity, floral, and spicy fragrances are released readily when their leaves are rubbed or bruised.

geranium: capitatum, P. citrosum, P. crispum, P. graveolens, and P. odoratissimum. Minty, fruity, floral, and spicy fragrances are released readily when their leaves are rubbed or bruised.

geranium: citrosum, P. crispum, P. graveolens, and P. odoratissimum. Minty, fruity, floral, and spicy fragrances are released readily when their leaves are rubbed or bruised.

geranium: × domesticum, largely derived from P. cucullatum, P. angulosum, and P. grandiflorum) have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or bedding geraniums (P. × hortorum, a complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) are the familiar forms in garden culture and in pots indoors.…

geranium: angulosum, and P. grandiflorum) have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or bedding geraniums (P. × hortorum, a complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) are the familiar forms in garden culture and in pots indoors. Ivy, or hanging, geraniums (P.…

geranium: crispum, P. graveolens, and P. odoratissimum. Minty, fruity, floral, and spicy fragrances are released readily when their leaves are rubbed or bruised.

geranium: …complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) are the familiar forms in garden culture and in pots indoors. Ivy, or hanging, geraniums (P. peltatum) are grown as basket plants indoors and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums…

Geraniales: …in perfumes, is produced by Pelargonium odoratissimum and related species. The florist’s geranium (Pelargonium ×domesticum) is a favourite house plant and is available in many varieties. These cultivars (horticultural varieties) originated from plants native to South Africa. Geranium robertianum (herb Robert) is a well-known garden plant, as are some species…

geranium: … species are commercially important for geranium oil, an essential oil used in perfumery. Geranium oil, which is also called pelargonium oil, or rose-geranium oil, is colourless to pale yellow-brown or greenish and has an odour like that of roses. It is used chiefly in perfumes, soaps, ointments, and tooth and…

geranium: Ivy, or hanging, geraniums (P. peltatum) are grown as basket plants indoors and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in several species, including P. abrotanifolium, P. capitatum, P. citrosum, P. crispum, P.

geranium: inguinans and P. zonale) are the familiar forms in garden culture and in pots indoors. Ivy, or hanging, geraniums (P. peltatum) are grown as basket plants indoors and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in…

kingfisher: …Sulawesi kingfisher (Ceyx fallax), the brown-winged kingfisher (Pelargopsis amauropterus), and some of the paradise kingfishers (Tanysiptera) of New Guinea.

Pelasgi, the people who occupied Greece before the 12th century bc. The name was used only by ancient Greeks. The Pelasgi were mentioned as a specific people by several Greek authors, including Homer, Herodotus, and Thucydides, and were said to have inhabited various areas, such as Thrace, Argos,

Pelasgi, the people who occupied Greece before the 12th century bc. The name was used only by ancient Greeks. The Pelasgi were mentioned as a specific people by several Greek authors, including Homer, Herodotus, and Thucydides, and were said to have inhabited various areas, such as Thrace, Argos,

Oberto Pelavicino was a leader of the Ghibelline (imperial) party in northern Italy and a powerful supporter of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his sons. As a member of a great feudal family of Lombardy, Pelavicino fought at Frederick’s side in 1238 against Brescia, near Milan, and the

Pelayo was the founder of the Christian kingdom of Asturias in northern Spain, which survived through the period of Moorish hegemony to become the spearhead of the Christian Reconquista in the later Middle Ages. Pelayo’s historical personality is overshadowed by his legend. As far as can be

Pelé was a Brazilian football (soccer) player, in his time probably the most famous and possibly the best-paid athlete in the world. He was part of the Brazilian national teams that won three World Cup championships (1958, 1962, and 1970). After playing for a minor league club at Bauru, São Paulo

Kilauea: …is the legendary home of Pele, the Hawaiian fire goddess. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is at Uwēkahuna Bluff on the western rim of Kilauea, near Halema‘uma‘u.

volcano: Six types of eruptions: A Pelean eruption is associated with explosive outbursts that generate pyroclastic flows, dense mixtures of hot volcanic fragments and gas described in the section Lava, gas, and other hazards. Pelean eruptions are named for the destructive eruption of Mount Pelée on the Caribbean island of Martinique…

pelecaniform: Annotated classification: Suborder Pelecani Horny sheath of bill divided by deep grooves (largely suppressed in anhingas). Naked gular pouch; facial skin and pouch colourful, especially in breeding season. Nasal glands each with a single duct. Neck long, with 17–20 cervical (neck) vertebrae; 8th and 9th have articulations permitting…

pelican, any of seven or eight species of water birds in the genus Pelecanus constituting the family Pelecanidae (order Pelecaniformes), distinguished by their large elastic throat pouches. Pelicans inhabit lakes, rivers, and seacoasts in many parts of the world. With some species reaching a length

pelecaniform, (order Pelecaniformes), any of the relatively large and diverse group of aquatic birds that share the common characteristic of webbing between all four toes. The order Pelecaniformes conventionally contains six families: Anhingidae (anhingas or snakebirds), Phalacrocoracidae

pelecaniform, (order Pelecaniformes), any of the relatively large and diverse group of aquatic birds that share the common characteristic of webbing between all four toes. The order Pelecaniformes conventionally contains six families: Anhingidae (anhingas or snakebirds), Phalacrocoracidae

diving petrel: …long; the largest is the Peruvian diving petrel (P. garnotii), about 25 cm long, restricted to the west coast of South America from about 6° to 37° S.

diving petrel: …and most widespread is the common diving petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), about 16 cm (6.5 inches) long; the largest is the Peruvian diving petrel (P. garnotii), about 25 cm long, restricted to the west coast of South America from about 6° to 37° S.

diving petrel, any of five species of small seabirds of the sub-Antarctic regions that constitute the family Pelecanoididae (order Procellariiformes). Although their nearest relatives are the storm petrels, shearwaters, and albatrosses, diving petrels differ from these long-winged forms and instead

pelican: …water birds in the genus Pelecanus constituting the family Pelecanidae (order Pelecaniformes), distinguished by their large elastic throat pouches. Pelicans inhabit lakes, rivers, and seacoasts in many parts of the world. With some species reaching a length of 180 cm (70 inches), having a wingspan of 3 metres (10 feet),…

pelican: … of the New World, the North American white pelican, and P. onocrotalus of the Old World, the European white pelican. Between 1970 and late 2009, the smaller, 107–137-cm brown pelican was listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Though the brown pelican once bred in enormous colonies…

brown pelican, (Pelecanus occidentalis), pelican species common along the southern U.S. coast. See

pelican: … of the Old World, the European white pelican. Between 1970 and late 2009, the smaller, 107–137-cm brown pelican was listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Though the brown pelican once bred in enormous colonies along New World coasts, its population declined drastically in North America during…

Hymenoptera: Size range and diversity of structure: …to the largest of the Pelecinidae, which may exceed 5 cm (about 2 inches) in length.

Hymenoptera: Size range and diversity of structure: …to the largest of the Pelecinidae, which may exceed 5 cm (about 2 inches) in length.

bivalve, (class Bivalvia), any of more than 15,000 species of clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and other members of the phylum Mollusca characterized by a shell that is divided from front to back into left and right valves. The valves are connected to one another at a hinge. Primitive bivalves

Pelee Island, island, in Lake Erie, southern Ontario, Canada. It lies near the Ohio boundary, a few miles south of Point Pelee National Park. Originally leased from the Indians by Thomas McKee in 1788, it was acquired in 1823 by William McCormick. Viticulture was practiced until 1855, when John

Mount Pelée, active volcanic mountain on the Caribbean island of Martinique. Situated 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Fort-de-France, it reaches an elevation of 4,583 feet (1,397 metres). Pelée, whose name is a French term meaning “Bald,” consists of layers of volcanic ash and lavas. Its gently

Mount Pelée, active volcanic mountain on the Caribbean island of Martinique. Situated 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Fort-de-France, it reaches an elevation of 4,583 feet (1,397 metres). Pelée, whose name is a French term meaning “Bald,” consists of layers of volcanic ash and lavas. Its gently

Banggai Islands: Peleng, the largest of the Banggai Islands, is well forested and mountainous; the bays affording anchorage have reefs. The chief town and port of the group is Banggai, which is on the western coast of Banggai Island. The Banggai Islands supply sea cucumbers, turtles, resin,…

Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt was a French crusader and scholar who wrote the first extant treatise describing the properties of magnets. Almost nothing is known about Peregrinus’ life, except that he wrote his famous treatise while serving as an engineer in the army of Charles I of Anjou that was

French literature: Allegory: …works, as in the long Pèlerinage de la vie humaine (“The Pilgrimage of Human Life”) by Guillaume de Deguileville, Dante’s contemporary and a precursor of John Bunyan. But the most influential allegorical work in French was the Roman de la rose (The Romance of the Rose), where courtly love is…

Christoph Willibald Gluck: The middle years: In La Rencontre imprévue, first performed in Vienna on Jan. 7, 1764, no vaudeville elements remain at all, with the result that the work is a perfect example of opéra comique. Gluck gave the scores of Le Cadi dupé and La Rencontre imprévue particular charm by…

Jacques Peletier was a French poet and critic whose knowledge and love of Greek and Latin poetry earned him a membership in the important and prestigious group of French poetry reformers known as La Pléiade. In the preface to his translation of Horace’s Ars Poetica (1545) and in his Art poétique

Peleus, in Greek mythology, king of the Myrmidons of Thessaly; he was most famous as the husband of Thetis (a sea nymph) and the father of the hero Achilles, whom he outlived. When Peleus and his brother Telamon were banished from their father Aeacus’ kingdom of Aegina, Peleus went to Phthia to be

Marsyas Painter: …in the British Museum, of “Peleus Taming Thetis,” and for a “Nuptial Lebes” (the bringing of gifts to the newly wed bride), now in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg. Both vases date from 340–330 bc, and both are in the so-called Kerch style, of which the Marsyas Painter is a…

Viktor Pelevin is a Russian author whose novels, often reminiscent of fantasy or science fiction, depict the grotesqueries and absurdities of contemporary Russian life. Pelevin was the son of a military officer and a state economist. He studied electrical engineering and worked briefly as a

Viktor Pelevin is a Russian author whose novels, often reminiscent of fantasy or science fiction, depict the grotesqueries and absurdities of contemporary Russian life. Pelevin was the son of a military officer and a state economist. He studied electrical engineering and worked briefly as a

Palau, country in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of some 340 coral and volcanic islands perched on the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. The Palau (also spelled Belau or Pelew) archipelago lies in the southwest corner of Micronesia, with Guam 830 miles (1,330 km) to the northeast, New Guinea 400 miles

photoreception: Evolution of eyes: …Swedish zoologists Dan-Eric Nilsson and Susanne Pelger took up the challenge of “evolving” an eye of the fish type from a patch of photosensitive skin. Using pessimistic estimates of variation, heritability, and selection intensity, Nilsson and Pelger came to the conclusion that it would take 364,000 generations for a fish…

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton: …during the same year, but Pelham (1828), the adventures of a dandy, inaugurated his career as a fluent, popular novelist. The couple’s extravagant style of living necessitated a large output of work, and the strain made Bulwer-Lytton an irritable and negligent husband. After many violent quarrels, he and Rosina were…

Massachusetts: Cultural life: In nearby Pelham the town hall complex has the oldest continuously used meetinghouse in the country and a monument to Capt. Daniel Shays, who led a rebellion of poor farmers in 1786. Chesterwood in Stockbridge was the site of the studio of Daniel Chester French, sculptor of…

horsemanship: Bits: The Pelham is a snaffle with a straight mouthpiece; cheekpieces with rings at the lower ends for curb action; and a curb chain, with which pressure may be applied to the lower outside of the mouth. The Pelham gives control with only slight discomfort and is…

Henry Pelham was the prime minister of Great Britain from 1743 to 1754. A somewhat colourless politician, he worked for peace abroad and introduced important financial reforms. The son of Thomas, 1st Lord Pelham, he was educated at Hart Hall (later Hertford College), Oxford, and then served briefly

John Singleton Copley: …stepfather, the limner and engraver Peter Pelham, and developed an early sense of vocation: before he was 20 he was already an accomplished draughtsperson. Copley soon discovered that his skills were most pronounced in the genre of portraiture. In his portraits, he revealed an intimate knowledge of his New England…

Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st duke of Newcastle was the prime minister of Great Britain from 1754 to 1756 and from 1757 to 1762. Through his control of government patronage, he wielded enormous political influence during the reigns of Kings George I and George II. Pelham-Holles inherited the barony of

Pelias, in Greek mythology, a king of Iolcos in Thessaly who imposed on his half-nephew Jason the task of bearing off the Golden Fleece. According to Homer, Pelias and Neleus were twin sons of Tyro (daughter of Salmoneus, founder of Salmonia in Elis) by the sea god Poseidon, who came to her

Sir Francis Drake: Circumnavigation of the world: …which Drake later renamed the Golden Hind (or Hinde), weighed only about 100 tons. It seemed little enough with which to undertake a venture into the domain of the most powerful monarch and empire in the world.

pelican, any of seven or eight species of water birds in the genus Pelecanus constituting the family Pelecanidae (order Pelecaniformes), distinguished by their large elastic throat pouches. Pelicans inhabit lakes, rivers, and seacoasts in many parts of the world. With some species reaching a length

Alan J. Pakula: Films of the 1990s: …then wrote, directed, and produced The Pelican Brief (1993), which starred Julia Roberts and Denzel Washington. It was a big commercial hit but failed to impress the critics.

John Grisham: The Pelican Brief and The Client: Grisham wrote his third novel—The Pelican Brief (1992; film 1993), about a female law student investigating the assassinations of two Supreme Court justices—in only three months. There were 5.5 million copies of the book in print by March 1993. Film rights to the novel were sold for more than…

gulper, any of nine species of deep-sea fish constituting three families, placed by some authorities in the order Anguilliformes (eels) and by others in a distinct order, Saccopharyngiformes (or Lyomeri). Gulpers range to depths of 2,700 m (9,000 feet) or more. The members of one family,

Rhinelander, city, seat (1887) of Oneida county, northern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Wisconsin and Pelican rivers, about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Wausau. It is surrounded by a heavy concentration of lakes, and Nicolet National Forest lies to the east. The city, originally

Louisiana, constituent state of the United States of America. It is delineated from its neighbours—Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, and Texas to the west—by both natural and man-made boundaries. The Gulf of Mexico lies to the south. The total area of Louisiana includes about 4,600

Winton, town, central Queensland, Australia, on Western Mills Creek, an intermittent tributary of the Diamantina River. Settled in 1873 and originally called Pelican Waterholes, it became a village in 1875 and a town in 1879. It was later renamed after Winton, England, the birthplace of its

gastropod: Classification: …the pelican’s foot shells (Aporrhaidae) of near Arctic waters. Superfamily Calyptraeacea Cap shells (Capulidae) and slipper shells (Calyptraeidae) are limpets with irregularly shaped shells with a small internal cup or shelf; many species show sex reversal, becoming males early in life, then changing into females during old age; common…

shining leaf chafer: A related species, the common vine pelidnota (Pelidnota punctata), occurs throughout North America. It is bright orange-brown with three black spots on each wing cover (elytra). The larvae feed on grapevine roots, the adults on the leaves; both can be quite destructive. The Japanese beetle (q.v.; Popillia japonica), which…

uranium: …isolated (1841) by French chemist Eugène-Melchior Péligot by the reduction of uranium tetrachloride (UCl4) with potassium.

Haiti: Relief and drainage: …the river was impounded as Lake Péligre in the mid-20th century; a hydroelectric complex began operating at Péligre in 1971, but its power output has been unreliable during the dry season. Just upstream from the Artibonite’s delta in the Gulf of Gonâve, some of its waters are used to irrigate…

Artibonite River: …of the project was the Péligre Dam, which was initiated in 1930 as a flood-control project; its completion in 1956 resulted in the creation of a large reservoir (Péligre Lake). Soil erosion, induced by forest denudation in the Artibonite valley, has resulted in severe siltation of the reservoir and has…

Marsyas Painter: …Classical period, known for a pelike (wine container), now in the British Museum, of “Peleus Taming Thetis,” and for a “Nuptial Lebes” (the bringing of gifts to the newly wed bride), now in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg. Both vases date from 340–330 bc, and both are in the so-called…

Bulgarian literature: His contemporary Elin Pelin portrayed his native rural province with wit and humanity in Razkazi (1904 and 1911; “Stories”) and in the tragic novellas Geratsite (1911; “The Gerak Family”) and Zemya (1928; “Land”). Yordan Yovkov, novelist and playwright, excelled at describing the effects of war, the subject…

Mount Pelion, mountain on the Magnesia peninsula of southeastern Thessaly (Modern Greek: Thessalía), Greece, rising to 5,417 feet (1,651 metres) at its highest point. Pelion peak (5,075 feet), just northeast of Vólos, has a wooded western flank overlooking a gulf whose ancient ports were Iolcos and

díszmagyar: …outer coat, the mente (pelisse), was the dolmány (a fitted jacket decorated with braids); tight trousers and a hat with egret feathers completed the ensemble. The style was evidently influenced by the cut, soutaches, and braids of the hussar’s traditional uniform.

Aimable-Jean-Jacques Pélissier, duc de Malakoff was a French general during the Algerian conquest and the last French commander in chief in the Crimean War. Educated at the military schools of La Flèche and Saint-Cyr, Pélissier was commissioned as an artillery second lieutenant in 1815. After brief

metamorphic rock: Classification into four chemical systems: Pelitic rocks are derived from mudstone (shale) protoliths and are rich in potassium (K), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and water (H2O), with lesser amounts of manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), calcium (Ca), and other

number theory: Number theory in the East: …is now (erroneously) called the Pell equation. He posed the challenge to find a perfect square that, when multiplied by 92 and increased by 1, yields another perfect square. That is, he sought whole numbers x and y such that 92x2 + 1 = y2—a Diophantine equation with quadratic terms.…

A college education can be an integral part of realizing the American Dream, but paying for college is proving a challenge for many young people. As a result, more and more students are relying on financial aid to fund their educational goals. The cornerstone of financial aid in the United States

George Cardinal Pell was an Australian prelate who served as archbishop of Sydney (2001–14) before being named prefect of the Secretariat for the Economy (2014–18). In 2018 he was convicted of historical child sexual assault, but his conviction was overturned two years later. A talented Australian

Pella, ancient capital of King Archelaus of Macedonia at the end of the 5th century bce and birthplace of Alexander the Great. The city lay in northern Greece, about 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Thessaloníki. Originally known as Bounomos, the city developed rapidly under Philip II, but, after the

cliff brake, (genus Pellaea), any of about 40 species of ferns of the genus Pellaea (family Pteridaceae). Cliff brake ferns grow on or among rocks, mostly limestone, throughout the world. Several species, including button fern (Pellaea rotundifolia) and sickle fern (P. falcata), are grown as indoor

cliff brake: …button fern (Pellaea rotundifolia) and sickle fern (P. falcata), are grown as indoor ornamentals.

cliff brake: Several species, including button fern (Pellaea rotundifolia) and sickle fern (P. falcata), are grown as indoor ornamentals.

pellagra, nutritional disorder caused by a dietary deficiency of niacin (also called nicotinic acid) or a failure of the body to absorb this vitamin or the amino acid tryptophan, which is converted to niacin in the body. Pellagra is characterized by skin lesions and by gastrointestinal and

niacin, water-soluble vitamin of the B complex. It is also called the pellagra-preventive vitamin because an adequate amount in the diet prevents pellagra, a chronic disease characterized by skin lesions, gastrointestinal disturbance, and nervous symptoms. Niacin is interchangeable in metabolism

crystallo ceramie: …but had no vogue until Apsley Pellatt, an English glassmaker, developed a technique that resulted in specimens of genuine beauty. In 1819 Pellatt patented his process under the name crystallo ceramie and began to issue his ware from the Falcon Glasshouse in Southwark. His cast bas-relief decorations—which usually were profile…

Martin Andersen Nexø: A four-volume English translation, Pelle the Conqueror, appeared in 1913–16. In 1989 and 1991 a revised version of parts 1 and 2 of the 1913–16 translation was published. Although the Academy Award-winning film made in 1987 from Nexø’s novel bears the same title, it changes the story’s focus considerably.…

Per Olov Enquist: …screenplay for Pelle erobreren (1987; Pelle the Conqueror), a Danish film starring Max von Sydow that in 1989 won the Academy Award for best foreign-language film.

Per Olov Enquist: …screenplay for Pelle erobreren (1987; Pelle the Conqueror), a Danish film starring Max von Sydow that in 1989 won the Academy Award for best foreign-language film.

Martin Andersen Nexø: A four-volume English translation, Pelle the Conqueror, appeared in 1913–16. In 1989 and 1991 a revised version of parts 1 and 2 of the 1913–16 translation was published. Although the Academy Award-winning film made in 1987 from Nexø’s novel bears the same title, it changes the story’s focus considerably.…

Per Olov Enquist: …screenplay for Pelle erobreren (1987; Pelle the Conqueror), a Danish film starring Max von Sydow that in 1989 won the Academy Award for best foreign-language film.

Curzio Malaparte: … (1944); and La pelle (1949; The Skin), a terrifying, surrealistically presented series of episodes showing the suffering and degradation that the war had brought to the people of Naples.

Pelléas et Mélisande, play in five acts by Maurice Maeterlinck, published in French in 1892 and produced in 1893, that is considered one of the masterpieces of French Symbolist drama. Set in an imaginary land in medieval times, it centres on the tragic love of Pelléas for Mélisande, who is married

Claude Debussy: Middle period: His single completed opera, Pelléas et Mélisande (first performed in 1902), demonstrates how the Wagnerian technique could be adapted to portray subjects like the dreamy nightmarish figures of this opera who were doomed to self-destruction. Debussy and his librettist, Maurice Maeterlinck, declared that they were haunted in this work…

Arnold Schoenberg: First major works: …symphonic poem for large orchestra, Pelleas und Melisande (1902–03), after the drama by Belgian writer Maurice Maeterlinck. Back in Vienna in 1903, Schoenberg became acquainted with the Austrian composer Gustav Mahler, who became one of his strongest supporters.