ideal gas law, relation between the pressure P, volume V, and temperature T of a gas in the limit of low pressures and high temperatures, such that the molecules of the gas move almost independently of each other. In such a case, all gases obey an equation of state known as the ideal gas law: PV =

ideal gas law, relation between the pressure P, volume V, and temperature T of a gas in the limit of low pressures and high temperatures, such that the molecules of the gas move almost independently of each other. In such a case, all gases obey an equation of state known as the ideal gas law: PV =

Chris Hemsworth: Thor: …menacing hitchhiker in the thriller A Perfect Getaway. He appeared in the minor action movie Ca$h (2010) before his first outing as the title Norse god in Kenneth Branagh’s Thor (2011). The movie told the story of Thor’s arrogant breaching of a peace and being banished to 21st-century Earth to…

game theory: Games of perfect information: The simplest game of any real theoretical interest is a two-person constant-sum game of perfect information. Examples of such games include chess, checkers, and the Japanese game of go. In 1912 the German mathematician Ernst Zermelo proved that such games are strictly determined;…

St. Clement of Alexandria: Clement’s view of the roles of faith and knowledge: …was also the basis of gnōsis, a spiritual and mystical knowledge. By distinguishing between two levels of believers—i.e., the pistic Christian, who responds through discipline and lives on the level of God’s law, and the Christian gnostic, who responds through discipline and love and lives on the level of the…

PL Kyōdan, religious group or church (Japanese: kyōdan) founded in Japan in 1946 by Miki Tokuchika. The movement, unique for the use of English words in its name, is based on the earlier Hito-no-michi sect. It is not affiliated, however, with any of the major religious traditions of Japan. In the

PL Kyōdan, religious group or church (Japanese: kyōdan) founded in Japan in 1946 by Miki Tokuchika. The movement, unique for the use of English words in its name, is based on the earlier Hito-no-michi sect. It is not affiliated, however, with any of the major religious traditions of Japan. In the

al-Jīlī: …whose doctrines of the “perfect man” became popular throughout the Islamic world.

Manhattan: Ingredients and varieties: …of the Manhattan include the Perfect Manhattan, with two parts rye whiskey, one-half part dry vermouth, one-half part sweet vermouth, and two dashes of bitters; the Reverse Manhattan, with two parts sweet vermouth, one part rye whiskey, and two to three dashes of bitters; and the Dry Manhattan, with two…

Lewis Allen: …during World War II, while The Perfect Marriage (1946) was a lightweight marital comedy (based on a Broadway play) starring a perpetually feuding couple portrayed by David Niven and Loretta Young. In 1947 Allen directed The Imperfect Lady, a period drama about a politician (Ray Milland) who falls for a…

Luis de León: …books of the Bible and La perfecta casada (1583; “The Perfect Married Woman”), a commentary in Spanish on Proverbs 31, incorporating elements of the medieval ascetic tradition of misogyny interspersed with picturesque glimpses of feminine customs of the day.

Dial M for Murder: …was released in 1998 as A Perfect Murder.

perfect number, a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its proper divisors. The smallest perfect number is 6, which is the sum of 1, 2, and 3. Other perfect numbers are 28, 496, and 8,128. The discovery of such numbers is lost in prehistory. It is known, however, that the Pythagoreans

pitch: Absolute, or perfect, pitch is the ability to identify by ear any note at some standard pitch or to sing a specified note, say G♯, at will. Fully developed absolute pitch is rare. It appears early in childhood and is apparently an acute form of memory of…

John II was the king of Portugal from 1481 to 1495, regarded as one of the greatest Portuguese rulers, chiefly because of his ruthless assertion of royal authority over the great nobles and his resumption of the exploration of Africa and the quest for India. John was the great-grandson of the

Taoism: Internal developments: …Liu Deren (1142); and the Quanzhen (“Perfect Realization”) sect, founded in 1163 by Wang Chongyang (Wang Zhe). This last sect came to the favorable attention of the Mongols, who had taken over in the North, and its second patriarch, Qiu Changqun, was invited into Central Asia to preach to Genghis…

number game: Geometric dissections: …rectangle is said to be perfect. The order of a squared rectangle is the number of constituent squares. It is known that there are no perfect rectangles of orders less than 9, and that there are exactly two perfect rectangles of order 9. (One of these is shown as Figure…

John le Carré: Le Carré’s later novels include A Perfect Spy (1986; miniseries 1987), the story of a double agent; The Russia House (1989; film 1990); The Secret Pilgrim (1991); The Night Manager (1993; television miniseries 2016); and Our Game (1995), set after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Mark Wahlberg: Russell’s Three Kings (1999); The Perfect Storm (2000), a drama about an ill-fated fishing boat; Planet of the Apes (2001), a remake of the 1968 sci-fi classic; and The Italian Job (2003), which was based on the 1969 British cult hit. In 2006 Wahlberg appeared as a tough Boston…

Halle Berry: …Willis in the crime film Perfect Stranger (2007). She then took lead roles in the character-oriented dramas Things We Lost in the Fire (2007), as a recent widow, and Frankie & Alice (2010), as a woman with dissociative identity disorder.

Anita Loos: …notably A Virtuous Vamp (1919), The Perfect Woman (1920), Dangerous Business (1920), Polly of the Follies (1922), and Learning to Love (1925). They also wrote two books, Breaking Into the Movies (1919) and How to Write Photoplays (1921), and on her own Loos wrote two plays for Broadway, The Whole…

Clint Eastwood: Films of the 1990s of Clint Eastwood: In the quiet drama A Perfect World (1993), an escaped convict (Kevin Costner) takes a boy (T.J. Lowther) hostage, and an unlikely bond forms between them. Eastwood played a Texas Ranger tracking them down. He made a rare appearance in another director’s film when he played a U.S. Secret…

Fleetwood Mac: June 8, 2018, London), Christine McVie (original name Christine Perfect; b. July 12, 1943, Bouth, Lancashire, England—d. November 30, 2022), Bob Welch (b. August 31, 1945, Los Angeles, California, U.S.—d. June 7, 2012, Nashville, Tennessee), Stevie Nicks (b. May 26, 1948, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.), and Lindsey Buckingham (b. October…

Josephine Holt Perfect Bay was an American financier, the first woman to head a member firm of the New York Stock Exchange. Josephine Perfect grew up in Brooklyn, New York. After graduating from Brooklyn Heights Seminary and attending Colorado College from 1918 to 1919, she became active in various

horse racing: Wagers: …of the first two races), perfecta (win and place winners in order in one race), quiniela (as in the perfecta but not in order), and trifecta (win, place, and show winners in order in one race). Other specialty wagers, sometimes offering extremely high payouts, require the bettor to select multiple…

Luis de León: …books of the Bible and La perfecta casada (1583; “The Perfect Married Woman”), a commentary in Spanish on Proverbs 31, incorporating elements of the medieval ascetic tradition of misogyny interspersed with picturesque glimpses of feminine customs of the day.

Christianity: Monasticism: …on the Christian ideal of perfection, have traditionally been traced to the first apostolic community in Jerusalem—which is described in the Acts of the Apostles—and to Jesus’ sojourn in the wilderness. In the early church, monasticism was based on the identification of perfection with world-denying asceticism and on the view…

John Humphrey Noyes: …first enunciated his belief in perfectionism, the idea that it is possible for an individual to become free of sin in this life through religious conversion and will power. Noyes declared himself free of sin and in a state of perfection. Because his views were in direct opposition to the…

Oneida Community, utopian religious community that developed out of a Society of Inquiry established by John Humphrey Noyes and some of his disciples in Putney, Vt., U.S., in 1841. As new recruits arrived, the society turned into a socialized community. Noyes had experienced a religious conversion

Indo-European languages: Verbal inflection: ’ The perfective aspect, traditionally called “aorist,” expressed a single, completed occurrence of an action or process—e.g., *steH2- ‘stand up, come to a stop,’ *men- ‘think of, bring to mind.’ The stative aspect, traditionally called “perfect,” described states of the subject—e.g., *ste-stóH2- ‘be in a standing position,’…

James Ellroy: Perfidia (2014) was the first volume in his second L.A. Quartet. The novel, which chronologically precedes the events of the earlier series, features many of the same characters and evokes a similarly penumbral view of Los Angeles. The story continues in This Storm (2019), the…

DuPont Company: …water in West Virginia of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; also known as C8), which is known to cause developmental problems in laboratory animals. The company also faced litigation and an investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in connection with that incident. In 2006 DuPont and seven other companies agreed…

honeysuckle: Major species: Perfoliate, or sweet, honeysuckle (Lonicera caprifolium) is native to Eurasia but has become established in North America. Its clustered night-blooming purple-white flowers are pollinated mostly by night-feeding hawk moths, because the flower tubes are too long for most other insects to reach the nectar. The fruit is a red-orange…

technology of photography: Perforated film: Some film is perforated along its edges and rolled up on its own inside a light-tight cartridge, which can be loaded into the camera in daylight. Once the camera is closed, a transport sprocket engaging the edge perforations draws the film from the…

weed: Biological control: …the western United States, where Saint-John’s-wort, or Klamath weed (Hypericum perforatum), was subjected to depredation by three insect species, beginning in California in 1945. The release of two insects of the genus Chrysolina and one of the genus Agrilus continued for a number of years, and the effort was carried…

angiosperm: Organization of the vascular tissue: …end walls are modified into perforation plates, an area or areas in which there is no shared wall material or membrane. Vessel elements join to form continuous vessels. The perforations are much larger than those of the bordered pits of tracheids and are of four types: scalariform (slitlike), foraminate (circular),…

Nicolas Roeg: His first film, Performance (1970), codirected with Donald Cammell, was a psychedelic drama starring Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones as a former pop superstar who is drawn into the criminal underworld of 1960s London when he takes in a gangster on the run.

performance, in law, act of doing that which is required by a contract. The effect of successful performance is to discharge the person bound to do the act from any future contractual liability. Each party to the contract is bound to perform promises according to the stipulated terms. In case of

human behaviour: Cognitive development: …in actual problem-solving situations, called performance. Children often possess knowledge that they do not use even when the occasion calls for it. Adapting to new challenges, according to Piaget, requires two complementary processes. The first, assimilation, is the relating of a new event or object to cognitive structures the child…

parasocial interaction: …that they personally know a performer they have encountered in mass media. Parasocial interactions (PSIs) are thought to have a psychological effect similar to that of face-to-face communication. Over time, PSIs with a performer may lead audience members to develop a parasocial relationship—a one-sided sense of connection with the performer.

performance art, a time-based art form that typically features a live presentation to an audience or to onlookers (as on a street) and draws on such arts as acting, poetry, music, dance, and painting. It is generally an event rather than an artifact, by nature ephemeral, though it is often recorded

motion capture, the process used to translate physical movement in three-dimensional (3D) space into a digitized and tracked computer format. Motion capture is used primarily in creative animation, as actors or objects can be filmed and have their movement data transposed onto animation assets. The

doping: Forms of doping: PEDs include anabolic steroids, stimulants, human growth hormone (HGH), EPO, and other substances that may be used to boost athletic performance. PEDs act in different ways. For example, anabolic steroids, which mimic the effects of testosterone, are used to increase muscle mass and strength. Stimulants,…

gender identity: …of social constructivism known as performatism holds that gender identity is constituted, rather than expressed, by the continuous “performance” of gendered behaviour (actions and speech). According to the originator of this view, the American philosopher Judith Butler, gender “is performatively constituted by the very ‘expressions’ that are said to be…

myth: Performing arts: Myth is one of the principal roots of drama. This is particularly obvious in the earliest Western drama, the tragedies of Classical Greece, not only because of the many mythological subjects treated and the plays’ performance at the festival of Dionysus but also…

perfume, fragrant product that results from the artful blending of certain odoriferous substances in appropriate proportions. The word is derived from the Latin per fumum, meaning “through smoke.” The art of perfumery was apparently known to the ancient Chinese, Hindus, Egyptians, Israelites,

perfume bottle, a vessel made to hold scent. The earliest example is Egyptian and dates to around 1000 bc. The Egyptians used scents lavishly, especially in religious rites; as a result, when they invented glass, it was largely used for perfume vessels. The fashion for perfume spread to Greece,

Hue: …Huong River (Hue River, or Perfume River). At the city’s heart, on the river’s left bank, is the Chinese-style Vietnamese imperial citadel, Dai Noi, from which the Nguyen family controlled southern and central Vietnam from the mid-16th to the mid-20th century. The citadel’s 7-mile (11-km) walled circumference enclosed priceless artifacts…

ylang-ylang, (Cananga odorata), South Asian tree of the custard apple family (Annonaceae), known for its intensely fragrant flowers. . It is the source of a penetrating but evanescent perfume. Ylang-ylang in Tagalog (a Philippine language) means “flower of flowers.” The slim smooth-barked evergreen

Charles Lindbergh: Technical work and the Lindbergh baby kidnapping: … on the development of the perfusion pump, a device that allowed organs to be kept alive outside the body. While the perfusion pump did not see widespread use, it demonstrated the feasibility of preserving organs through artificial means and acted as a precursor for the heart-lung machine.

respiratory disease: Methods of investigation: …visualization techniques, lung ventilation and perfusion scanning can also be helpful in detecting abnormalities of the lungs. In these techniques, a radioactive tracer molecule is either inhaled, in the case of ventilation scanning, or injected, in the case of perfusion scanning. The ventilation scan allows visualization of gas exchange in…

Perga, ancient city of Pamphylia, now in Antalya il (province), Turkey. It was a centre of native culture and was a seat of the worship of “Queen” Artemis, a purely Anatolian nature goddess. In Perga St. Paul, the Apostle, and St. Barnabas began their first mission in Anatolia (Acts of the Apostles

Pergamino, city of northern Buenos Aires provincia (province), eastern Argentina. Located within the Pampa, it is about 135 miles (220 km) northwest of the city of Buenos Aires. It was first mentioned in 1626 as an unpopulated spot where a group of Spaniards lost some parchment documents

Pergamum, ancient Greek city in Mysia, situated 16 miles from the Aegean Sea on a lofty isolated hill on the northern side of the broad valley of the Caicus (modern Bakır) River. The site is occupied by the modern town of Bergama, in the il (province) of İzmir, Turkey. Pergamum existed at least

Pergamonmuseum, art museum in Berlin that contains three separate collections: the Collection of Classical Antiquities (Antikensammlung), the Museum of the Ancient Near East (Vorderasiatisches Museum), and the Museum of Islamic Art (Museum für Islamische Kunst). The Pergamonmuseum is one of

Robert Maxwell: …publishing company, which he renamed Pergamon Press Ltd. in 1951. By the 1960s the company was a major publisher of trade journals and scientific and technical books and was making several minor acquisitions in the publishing industry. Maxwell also dabbled in politics, becoming a Labourite member of Parliament (1964–70).

Pergamonmuseum, art museum in Berlin that contains three separate collections: the Collection of Classical Antiquities (Antikensammlung), the Museum of the Ancient Near East (Vorderasiatisches Museum), and the Museum of Islamic Art (Museum für Islamische Kunst). The Pergamonmuseum is one of

Pergamum, ancient Greek city in Mysia, situated 16 miles from the Aegean Sea on a lofty isolated hill on the northern side of the broad valley of the Caicus (modern Bakır) River. The site is occupied by the modern town of Bergama, in the il (province) of İzmir, Turkey. Pergamum existed at least

Eusebius of Myndus: …a pupil of Aedesius of Pergamum. He was distinguished from the other members of the Pergamene school by his comparative sobriety and rationality and by his contempt for the religious magic, or theurgy, to which other members of the school were addicted. He was too sober for the future emperor…

Andromache: …Minor with her youngest son, Pergamus, who there founded a town named after himself.

Perga, ancient city of Pamphylia, now in Antalya il (province), Turkey. It was a centre of native culture and was a seat of the worship of “Queen” Artemis, a purely Anatolian nature goddess. In Perga St. Paul, the Apostle, and St. Barnabas began their first mission in Anatolia (Acts of the Apostles

sawfly: …plants of pergid sawflies (Pergidae), which occur mainly in South America and Australia, are oak, hickory, and eucalyptus. The family consists of a single genus, Acordulecera.

sawfly: …plants of pergid sawflies (Pergidae), which occur mainly in South America and Australia, are oak, hickory, and eucalyptus. The family consists of a single genus, Acordulecera.

pergola, garden walk or terrace, roofed with an open framework over which plants are trained. Its purpose is to provide a foundation on which climbing plants can be seen to advantage and to give shade. It was known in ancient Egypt and was a common feature of early Renaissance gardens in Italy and

Giovanni Battista Pergolesi was an Italian composer whose intermezzo La serva padrona (“The Maid Turned Mistress”) was one of the most celebrated stage works of the 18th century. His family name was Draghi, but, having moved to Jesi from Pergola, the family was called Pergolesi, meaning “of

Perhimpunan Indonesia, an Indonesian students’ organization in the Netherlands, formed in the early 1920s in Leiden, which provided a source of intellectual leadership for the Indonesian nationalist movement. This association originated in 1908 as the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association),

Athenagoras: A second work, the tract Peri anastaseōs nekrōn (The Resurrection of the Dead), is cautiously attributed to Athenagoras. Rejecting the Platonic tenet that the body is the prison of the soul, and affirming matter-spirit complementarity, he accepts bodily resurrection from the dead on the basis of God’s omnipotence and purpose…

Diogenes Laërtius: One of its traditional titles, Peri biōn dogmatōn kai apophthegmatōn tōn en philosophia eudokimēsantōn (“Lives, Teachings, and Sayings of Famous Philosophers”), indicates its great scope. The work is a compilation, the excerpts of which range from insignificant gossip to valuable biographical and bibliographical information, competent summaries of doctrines, and reproductions…

Xenophon: Other writings: De re equestri (“On Horsemanship”) deals with various aspects of horse ownership and riding, and Cavalry Commander is a somewhat unsystematic (but serious) discussion of how to improve the Athenian cavalry corps. Also Athenocentric is Ways and Means, a plan to alleviate the city’s financial problems (and remove…

On the Sublime, treatise on literary criticism by Longinus, dating to about the 1st century ce. The earliest surviving manuscript, from the 10th century, was first printed in 1554. On the Sublime is given a 1st-century-ce date because it was a response to a work of that period by Caecilius of

Procopius: The Buildings contains an account of the chief public works undertaken during the reign of Justinian down to 560. If not written at the command of Justinian (as some have supposed), it is evidently grounded on official information and is a valuable source of information.

Aristides Quintilianus: …Greek author of the treatise Perì musikē (De musica, “On Music”). This three-volume work constitutes one of the principal sources of modern knowledge of ancient Greek music and its relationship to other disciplines. In the opening of book 1, the author compares music to other arts and sciences, such as…

Eleaticism: The rigorous ontologism of Parmenides and Melissus: Parmenides’ poem Peri physeōs (On Nature) is divided into three parts: (1) a proem (preface), in which his chariot ride through the heavens to the very seat of the goddess Alētheia (Truth) is described and their initial conversation is related, in which she announces that he is…

Nemesius Of Emesa: …who was the author of Peri physeōs anthrōpou (Greek: “On the Nature of Man”), the first known compendium of theological anthropology with a Christian orientation. The treatise considerably influenced later Byzantine and medieval Latin philosophical theology.

arboriculture: … the Greek philosopher Theophrastus wrote Peri phytōn historia (“Inquiry into Plants”), in which he discussed transplanting of trees and the treatment of tree wounds. Virgil’s Georgics portrays Roman knowledge of tree culture. The English horticulturist John Evelyn, in his Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest-trees, and the Propagation of Timber…

Cristina Peri Rossi is a Uruguayan short-story writer, novelist, and poet who is considered one of the leading Latin American writers to have published in the period after the “boom of the Latin American novel” (when Gabriel García Márquez, Mario Vargas Llosa, Carlos Fuentes, Julio Cortázar, and

Alcidamas: His only extant work, Peri sōphiston (“Concerning Sophists”), stresses the superiority of extempore (though prepared) speeches over written ones. The oration attributed to him entitled Odysseus is spurious. Only fragments of his other works survive. Aristotle criticized Alcidamas for his improper and too-frequent use of adjectives and deplored his…

Dionysius of Halicarnassus: …essay “Peri syntheseos onomaton” (“On the Arrangement of Words”; often cited by its Latin title, “De compositione verborum”) is the only extant ancient discussion of word order. Dionysius was a mediocre historian but a first-rate literary critic who examined authors’ style and historical context.

Eleaticism: The decline of Eleaticism: …in a work ironically entitled Peri tou mē ontos ē peri physeōs (On That Which Is Not, or On Nature), in which he said (1) that nothing exists; (2) that if anything exists, it is incomprehensible; and (3) that if it is comprehensible, it is incommunicable—and in so doing he…

Jacopo Peri was an Italian composer noted for his contribution to the development of dramatic vocal style in early Baroque opera. Under the early sponsorship of the Florentine Cristofano Malvezzi, Peri had published by 1583 both an instrumental work and a madrigal. After early posts as an organist

Paul Dukas: The ballet La Péri (1912), on the other hand, displays mastery of Impressionist scoring; and, in his opera Ariane et Barbe-Bleue (1907), on the play of Maurice Maeterlinck, the atmosphere and musical texture make up for the lack of dramatic impact.

periaktos, ancient theatrical device by which a scene or change of scene was indicated. It was described by Vitruvius in his De architectura (c. 14 bc) as a revolving triangular prism made of wood, bearing on each of its three sides a different pictured scene. While one scene was presented to the

periaktos, ancient theatrical device by which a scene or change of scene was indicated. It was described by Vitruvius in his De architectura (c. 14 bc) as a revolving triangular prism made of wood, bearing on each of its three sides a different pictured scene. While one scene was presented to the

Periander was the second tyrant of Corinth (c. 627–587 bce), a firm and effective ruler who exploited his city’s commercial and cultural potential. Much of the ancient Greek representation of Periander as a cruel despot probably derives from the Corinthian nobility, with whom he dealt harshly.

angiosperm: General features: …and corolla together compose the perianth. The sepals and petals are accessory parts or sterile appendages; though they protect the flower buds and attract pollinators, they are not directly involved with sexual reproduction. When the color and appearance of sepals and petals are similar, as in the tulip tree (Liriodendron…

bryophyte: Form and function: …by a protective sleeve, the perianth, and have mucilage hairs among them with a function similar to that of the paraphyses of mosses. The antheridia of leafy liverworts are often on specialized branches and at the axils of specialized leaves that are usually swollen to enclose them. Most leafy liverworts…

apse: …nearest the focus is the pericentre, or periapsis, and that farthest from it is the apocentre, or apoapsis. Specific terms can be used for individual bodies: if the Sun is the centre, the specific terms perihelion and aphelion are generally used; if the Earth, perigee and apogee. Periastron and apastron…

polyarteritis nodosa, inflammation of blood vessels and surrounding tissue; it may affect functioning of adjacent organs. The cause of polyarteritis nodosa is unknown. The word nodosa (“knotty”) forms part of the name because of the fibrous nodules along the medium-sized arteries that are affected.

plant development: The root tip: …histogens, in the apical meristem—plerome, periblem, and dermatogen respectively. A fourth histogen, the calyptrogen, produces the root cap. The histogens have been thought to lie in linear order in the apex, with the initial cells of the vascular system toward the older part of the root, and those of the…

Peribsen, Egyptian king of the 2nd dynasty who ruled c. 2660–c. 2650 bce and apparently promoted the cult of the god Seth over that of Horus, the god favored by his predecessors. His tomb is located in the early dynastic royal cemetery at Abydos, in Upper Egypt. According to some scholars,

mollusk: Reproduction and life cycles: …in primitive bivalves is a pericalymma (test cell) larva in which the embryo is protected below a covering (test) of cells provided with one to four girdles of cilia, at the apex of which is a sensory plate of ciliated cells. After the developing juvenile has grown out apically of…

circulatory system: Embryonic development of the circulatory system: …of body cavity, called the pericardial coelom, formed by partitions that cut it off from the main body cavity. From an original tube shape, the heart bends back on itself as it grows within the pericardial cavity. The sinus venosus and atrium lie above the ventricle and bulbus cordis (embryonic…

circulatory system: Embryonic development of the circulatory system: …of body cavity, called the pericardial coelom, formed by partitions that cut it off from the main body cavity. From an original tube shape, the heart bends back on itself as it grows within the pericardial cavity. The sinus venosus and atrium lie above the ventricle and bulbus cordis (embryonic…

hypothyroidism: Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism: …causing a condition known as pericardial effusion. Hypothyroidism also raises serum cholesterol concentrations. In very young children hypothyroidism causes intellectual disability, and in children of all ages it causes growth retardation. In rare cases, hypothyroidism is life-threatening; this is called myxedema coma. The term myxedema refers to thickening of the…

human cardiovascular system: Pericardium: 9 cubic inch) of pericardial fluid, which is secreted by the serous membranes. The slight space created by the separation is called the pericardial cavity. The pericardial fluid lubricates the two membranes with every beat of the heart as their surfaces glide over each other. Fluid is filtered into…

bivalve: The excretory system: Bivalves also possess pericardial glands lining either the auricles of the heart or the pericardium; they serve as an additional ultrafiltration device.

bivalve: The excretory system: Bivalves also possess pericardial glands lining either the auricles of the heart or the pericardium; they serve as an additional ultrafiltration device.

pericarditis, inflammation of the pericardium, the membranous sac that encloses the heart. Acute pericarditis may be associated with a number of diseases and conditions, including myocardial infarction (heart attack), uremia (abnormally high levels of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in

animal development: Circulatory organs: …the lateral plate forms the pericardium, or covering of the heart. The portion of the coelom surrounding the heart becomes separated from the rest of the body cavity and develops into the pericardial cavity.

fruit: Types of fruits: …the ripened ovary wall, or pericarp, which may develop entirely or in part into fleshy, fibrous, or stony tissue, are important. Often three distinct pericarp layers can be identified: the outer (exocarp), the middle (mesocarp), and the inner (endocarp). All purely morphological systems (i.e., classification schemes based on structural features)…