- roth cleas (sport)
weight throw: The roth cleas, or wheel feat, reputedly was a major test of the ancient Tailteann Games in Ireland. The competition consisted of various methods of throwing: from shoulder or side, with one or two hands, and with or without a run. The implements used varied widely…
- Roth conversions: What they are, how they work, pros and cons
Funding a Roth IRA is appealing chiefly because doing so can give you tax-free income in retirement. The trade-off, however, is that you fund a Roth with after-tax money, meaning you don’t get a tax deduction today. Plus, if your income is too high, you can’t fund a Roth. The good news? You can get
- Roth IRA vs. traditional IRA: Which should you choose?
If you’re exploring ways to save for retirement, an individual retirement account (IRA) offers tax advantages that can help your savings grow. Each type, Roth and traditional, has unique benefits and rules, particularly when it comes to eligibility and how contributions and withdrawals are taxed.
- Roth v. United States (law case)
obscenity: Developments in the 20th century: ” Two decades later, in Roth v. United States (1957), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the standard of obscenity should be “whether, to the average person, applying contemporary community standards, the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to prurient interest.” In subsequent years the court…
- Roth, Allan (American statistician)
sabermetrics: Early analytic efforts: …Rickey also employed statistical analyst Allan Roth, who once said, “Baseball is a game of percentages. I try to find the actual percentage.” In 1954 Life magazine published an article attributed to Rickey, but masterminded by Roth, titled “Goodby to Some Old Baseball Ideas,” which was devoted to the proposition…
- Roth, Alvin E. (American economist)
Alvin E. Roth is an American economist who was a pioneer of market design, a field that devises systems for matching supply with demand until a stable market has been established. With the American economist Lloyd Shapley, he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Economics. Roth grew up in Queens,
- Roth, Alvin Eliot (American economist)
Alvin E. Roth is an American economist who was a pioneer of market design, a field that devises systems for matching supply with demand until a stable market has been established. With the American economist Lloyd Shapley, he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Economics. Roth grew up in Queens,
- Roth, Anne (American feminist and author)
Anne Roiphe is an American feminist and author whose novels and nonfiction explore the conflicts between women’s traditional family roles and the desire for an independent identity. Anne Roth graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in 1957 and married Jack Richardson in 1958. The marriage ended in
- Roth, David Lee (American singer)
Eddie Van Halen: Early life: Singer David Lee Roth and bassist Michael Anthony joined in 1974, and the band changed its name to Van Halen. The band progressed from playing backyard parties and high-school gigs around Pasadena to performing at nightclubs in Los Angeles, such as the Starwood, Gazzarri’s, and the…
- Roth, Dieter (German artist)
lithography: Commercial lithography: Joseph Beuys, Gerhard Richter, Dieter Roth, and Kara Walker, had used the offset process to noncommercial ends.
- Roth, Henry (American author)
Henry Roth was an American teacher, farmer, machinist, and sporadic author whose novel Call It Sleep (1934) was one of the neglected masterpieces of American literature in the 1930s. The son of Jewish immigrants, Roth graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1928 and held a variety of
- Roth, Joseph (Austrian writer)
Joseph Roth was a journalist and regional novelist who, particularly in his later novels, mourned the passing of an age of stability he saw represented by the last pre-World War I years of the Habsburg empire of Austria-Hungary. Details about Roth’s early years, religious beliefs, and personal life
- Roth, Klaus Friedrich (British mathematician)
Klaus Friedrich Roth German-born British mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1958 for his work in number theory. Roth attended Peterhouse College, Cambridge, England (B.A., 1945), and the University of London (M.Sc., 1948; Ph.D., 1950). From 1948 to 1966 he held an appointment at
- Roth, Philip (American author)
Philip Roth was an American novelist and short-story writer whose works are characterized by an acute ear for dialogue, a concern with Jewish middle-class life, and the painful entanglements of sexual and familial love. In Roth’s later years his works were informed by an increasingly naked
- Roth, Philip Milton (American author)
Philip Roth was an American novelist and short-story writer whose works are characterized by an acute ear for dialogue, a concern with Jewish middle-class life, and the painful entanglements of sexual and familial love. In Roth’s later years his works were informed by an increasingly naked
- Roth, Tim (British actor)
Pulp Fiction: Plot and themes: Two lovers, Pumpkin (played by Tim Roth) and Honey Bunny (Amanda Plummer) decide to rob a diner they are sitting in. Two hitmen, Jules (Samuel L. Jackson) and Vincent Vega (John Travolta), retrieve a stolen briefcase belonging to mob boss Marcellus Wallace (Ving Rhames). Vincent also takes Marcellus’s trophy wife,…
- Roth, Veronica (American author)
Veronica Roth is an American writer known for her Divergent trilogy of science-fiction novels for young adults, which unfolds as a coming-of-age story set in a postapocalyptic Chicago. Roth, who grew up in Barrington, Illinois, began writing at an early age and was an avid reader. She was a fan of
- Roth, William (United States senator)
Chris Coons: …1982 senatorial campaign of Delaware’s William Roth; both of the candidates were Republicans. In the mid-1980s, however, Coons moved to the Democratic Party. In 1996, after having worked in South Africa and for a nonprofit organization concerned with caring for the homeless, he became legal counsel to a Delaware textile…
- Roth, William Victor, Jr. (United States senator)
Chris Coons: …1982 senatorial campaign of Delaware’s William Roth; both of the candidates were Republicans. In the mid-1980s, however, Coons moved to the Democratic Party. In 1996, after having worked in South Africa and for a nonprofit organization concerned with caring for the homeless, he became legal counsel to a Delaware textile…
- Rothaar Hills (mountains, Germany)
Rothaar Hills, southernmost mountain region of the Sauerland in the Middle Rhine Highlands of southeastern North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), west-central Germany. The round-topped hills reach their highest point at the heath-covered Kahler Asten (2,759 feet [841 m]). Heavily forested slopes fall
- Rothaargebirge (mountains, Germany)
Rothaar Hills, southernmost mountain region of the Sauerland in the Middle Rhine Highlands of southeastern North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), west-central Germany. The round-topped hills reach their highest point at the heath-covered Kahler Asten (2,759 feet [841 m]). Heavily forested slopes fall
- Rothad II (French bishop)
Saint Nicholas I: …deposition in 862 of Bishop Rothad II of Soissons by Archbishop Hincmar of Reims, a classic example of the right of bishops to appeal to Rome against their metropolitans. Nicholas, a strict upholder of Rome’s primacy of jurisdiction, ordered an examination that led to Rothad’s restoration in 865 by using,…
- Rothafel, Roxy (American showman)
the Rockettes: …in New York City was Samuel (“Roxy”) Rothafel, owner of the new Roxy Theater. He acquired the troupe, doubled its size, and dubbed the dancers the Roxyettes. After the 1932 opening of the Radio City Music Hall—then the world’s largest indoor theater—he enlarged the troupe again in order to fill…
- Rothafel, Samuel (American showman)
the Rockettes: …in New York City was Samuel (“Roxy”) Rothafel, owner of the new Roxy Theater. He acquired the troupe, doubled its size, and dubbed the dancers the Roxyettes. After the 1932 opening of the Radio City Music Hall—then the world’s largest indoor theater—he enlarged the troupe again in order to fill…
- Rothamsted Experimental Station (research station, Harpenden, England, United Kingdom)
Sir Henry Gilbert: …research at the newly founded Rothamsted Experimental Station, Hertfordshire, the first organized agricultural experiment station in the world. Their collaboration lasted for more than half a century. In the 1840s they initiated the manufacture of superphosphate fertilizer, one of their inventions. From 1884 to 1890 Gilbert was Sibthorpian professor of…
- Rothari (king of Lombards)
Italy: The Lombard kingdom, 584–774: …says little, for example, about Rothari (636–652) except that he was militarily successful (it was he who conquered Liguria) and, most importantly, that he was the first king to set out Lombard custom, in his Edict of 643, a substantial law code that survives independently. It is evident, however, that…
- Rothari, Edictum (law history)
Germanic law: …had similar functions, while the Edictum Rothari (643) applied to Lombards only.
- Rothbard, Murray (American economist)
anarcho-capitalism: …term anarcho-capitalism was coined by Murray Rothbard, a leading figure in the American libertarian movement from the 1950s until his death in 1995. Rothbard envisioned a “contractual society” in which the production and exchange of all goods and services, including those usually assigned to the state (such as law enforcement,…
- Rothchild, Paul (American record producer)
Elektra Records: Village Folk to “Riders on the Storm”: …with Josh White), artists-and-repertoire man Paul Rothchild encouraged amplified versions of folk and blues. He pulled together the work of various artists in the Blues Project concept album (1964) and signed the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, featuring guitar prodigy Mike Bloomfield. Most prescient of all, he discovered and produced…
- Rothe, Richard (German theologian)
Richard Rothe was a Lutheran theologian of the German idealist school, which held, in general, that reality is spiritual rather than material and is discerned by studying ideas rather than things. Rothe was educated at the University of Heidelberg, where he studied under the leading German idealist
- Rothemund, Paul (American computer scientist)
DNA computing: Biochemistry-based information technology: Winfree, together with his student Paul Rothemund, then showed how these tiles could be designed such that the process of self-assembly could implement a specific computation. Rothemund later extended this work with his study of “DNA origami,” in which a single strand of DNA is folded multiple times into a…
- Rothenburg ob der Tauber (Germany)
Rothenburg ob der Tauber, city, Bavaria Land (state), south-central Germany. The city lies above the deep valley of the Tauber River, on the scenic “romantic route” between Würzburg and the Bavarian Alps. First mentioned as Rotinbure in the 9th century, it developed around a Hohenstaufen fortress
- Rothenburger, Christa (East German speed skater and cyclist)
Christa Luding-Rothenburger is a former speed skater and cyclist from East Germany who made history as the only person to win Summer and Winter Olympic medals in the same year (1988). At the Winter Games in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, she won the gold medal in the 1,000-meter speed-skating event; she
- Rothenburger-Luding, Christa (East German speed skater and cyclist)
Christa Luding-Rothenburger is a former speed skater and cyclist from East Germany who made history as the only person to win Summer and Winter Olympic medals in the same year (1988). At the Winter Games in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, she won the gold medal in the 1,000-meter speed-skating event; she
- Rothenstein, Sir William (British artist)
Henry Moore: Background and education: …supporter in the director there, William Rothenstein, who was not unsympathetic to modern artistic tendencies, although he remained a conservative artist himself.
- Rother (district, England, United Kingdom)
Rother, district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. Bexhill is the administrative seat. Rother is a mainly rural district in the easternmost part of Sussex surrounding (but not including) the borough of Hastings. It extends along the English Channel coast for
- Rother, River (river, England, United Kingdom)
Rother: …district is named for the River Rother, which rises in The Weald, flows east along part of the boundary between East Sussex and Kent, and enters the Channel at Rye. Area 197 square miles (510 square km). Pop. (2001) 85,428; (2011) 90,588.
- Rotherham (England, United Kingdom)
Rotherham, town and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, north-central England. It is located at the confluence of the Rivers Don and Rother just north of Sheffield. Besides the town of Rotherham, the metropolitan borough includes suburban
- Rotherham, Alan (English rugby player)
Alan Rotherham was an English rugby player who was a member of the Oxford University team during their golden age, between 1882 and 1884, and who helped to revolutionize the half-back play. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and became a barrister. He won 12 caps for England and played for
- Rothermere of Hemsted, Harold Sydney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount, Baron Rothermere of Hemsted (British publisher)
Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere was a British newspaper proprietor who, with his brother Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, built the most successful journalistic empire in British history and created popular journalism in that country. A shy individual, he let his
- Rothermere, Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount, Baron Rothermere Of Hemsted (British publisher)
Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere was a British newspaper proprietor who, with his brother Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, built the most successful journalistic empire in British history and created popular journalism in that country. A shy individual, he let his
- Rothesay (Scotland, United Kingdom)
Rothesay, royal burgh, coastal resort, and chief town of the island of Bute, Argyll and Bute council area, historic county of Buteshire, Scotland, lying on the island’s eastern coast near the entrance to the Firth of Clyde. In the centre of the town are the ruins of an 11th-century castle. Rothesay
- Rothesay Castle (ancient monument, Bute, Scotland, United Kingdom)
Buteshire: Rothesay Castle, on Bute, which goes back to Viking times and was used as a royal residence by Robert II and Robert III of Scotland, was burned down in 1685 and is now an ancient monument, as is Lochranza Castle on Arran. Brodick Castle, where…
- Rothfuss, Rhod (artist)
Concrete Invention: Carmelo Arden Quin, Gyula Kosice, Rhod Rothfuss, Tomás Maldonado, and others collectively produced the first and only issue of the illustrated magazine Arturo, with texts and reproductions of work by many artists, including Joaquín Torres García, Lidy Prati, Wassily Kandinsky, and Piet Mondrian. The appearance of Arturo, which expressed its…
- Rothko, Mark (American artist)
Mark Rothko was an American painter whose works introduced contemplative introspection into the melodramatic post-World War II Abstract Expressionist school. His use of color as the sole means of expression led to the development of Color Field Painting. Rothko was born Markus Yakovlevich
- Rothman, James E. (American biochemist and cell biologist)
James E. Rothman is an American biochemist and cell biologist who discovered the molecular machinery involved in vesicle budding and membrane fusion in cells. Cellular vesicles, which are bubblelike structures, play a critical role in the storage and transport of molecules within cells, and errors
- Rothman, James Edward (American biochemist and cell biologist)
James E. Rothman is an American biochemist and cell biologist who discovered the molecular machinery involved in vesicle budding and membrane fusion in cells. Cellular vesicles, which are bubblelike structures, play a critical role in the storage and transport of molecules within cells, and errors
- ROTHR (radar technology)
radar: Over-the-horizon radar: …OTH radars known as relocatable over-the-horizon radar (ROTHR), or AN/TPS-71, have been redirected for use in drug interdiction. Such radars, located in Virginia, Texas, and Puerto Rico, provide multiple coverage of drug-traffic regions in Central America and the northern part of South America. An ROTHR can cover a 64-degree…
- Rothschild Egg (decorative egg [1902])
Fabergé egg: The Rothschild (1902)—an engagement gift for Edouard de Rothschild’s fiancée, Germaine Halphen—was a pink egg that featured a clock face and an automaton bird. Also from 1902 was the Duchess of Marlborough, an egg based on the Blue Serpent Clock.
- Rothschild family (European family)
Rothschild family, the most famous of all European banking dynasties, which for some 200 years had considerable economic influence in Europe. The house was founded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild (b. February 23, 1744, Frankfurt am Main—d. September 19, 1812, Frankfurt) and his five sons, Amschel Mayer
- Rothschild of Tring, Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron (British zoologist)
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild was a British zoologist who became a great collector and founded the Rothschild Natural History Museum in London. The eldest son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild, he received his titles on the death of his father in 1915. Rothschild studied at the University
- Rothschild, Alphonse (French banker)
Rothschild family: The second generation: Alphonse, for example, as the head of the international banking syndicate that in 1871 and 1872 placed the two great French loans known as liberation loans after France’s defeat by Prussia, could boast that his influence had maintained the chief of the French government, Adolphe…
- Rothschild, Baron Edmond de (French banker)
Ekron: In 1883 Baron Edmond de Rothschild founded a Jewish settlement adjoining ʿAqir, which he named Mazkeret Batya (Hebrew: “Memorial [to] Batya”), in honour of his mother; the name Ekron (now officially Qiryat ʿEqron) was subsequently given to an adjoining new immigrants’ settlement, established in 1949. However, the…
- Rothschild, Baron Philippe de (French race-car driver and winemaker)
Rothschild family: The second generation: Baron Philippe de Rothschild (1902–88) became a premier winemaker, of the vineyard Mouton-Rothschild. In 2003–08 the British and French houses were merged, marking the reunification of the Rothschild family business for the first time in nearly two centuries.
- Rothschild, Dorothy (American author)
Dorothy Parker was an American short-story writer, poet, screenwriter, and critic known for her witty—and often acerbic—remarks. She was one of the founders of the Algonquin Round Table, an informal literary group. Dorothy Rothschild was educated at Miss Dana’s School in Morristown, New Jersey, and
- Rothschild, Jakob (French banker)
Rothschild family: Mayer’s five sons: Amschel, Nathan, Jakob, Salomon, and Karl—the founders of the Rothschild consortium—showed themselves variously suited to the work they inherited from their father: Nathan and Jakob stood out among their brothers by the force of their personalities—particularly Nathan, who was often characterized by his contemporaries as hard, deliberately…
- Rothschild, James (French banker)
Rothschild family: Mayer’s five sons: Amschel, Nathan, Jakob, Salomon, and Karl—the founders of the Rothschild consortium—showed themselves variously suited to the work they inherited from their father: Nathan and Jakob stood out among their brothers by the force of their personalities—particularly Nathan, who was often characterized by his contemporaries as hard, deliberately…
- Rothschild, Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron (British zoologist)
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild was a British zoologist who became a great collector and founded the Rothschild Natural History Museum in London. The eldest son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild, he received his titles on the death of his father in 1915. Rothschild studied at the University
- Rothschild, Louis-Georges (French politician)
Georges Mandel was a French political leader noted for his hostility toward Nazi Germany. A member of a prosperous Jewish family, though not related to the Rothschild banking dynasty, Mandel served on the personal staff of Premier Georges Clemenceau from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 to 1920. He
- Rothschild, Matthew (American editor)
The Progressive: In 2002 editor Matthew Rothschild criticized the George W. Bush administration in a cover story entitled “The New McCarthyism,” and in subsequent regular updates Rothschild continued to point out infringements of civil liberties reminiscent of the McCarthy era.
- Rothschild, Mayer Amschel (German banker)
Rothschild family: The house was founded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild (b. February 23, 1744, Frankfurt am Main—d. September 19, 1812, Frankfurt) and his five sons, Amschel Mayer (b. June 12, 1773, Frankfurt—d. December 6, 1855, Frankfurt), Salomon Mayer (b. September 9, 1774—d. July 27, 1855, Vienna), Nathan Mayer (b. September 16, 1777—d.…
- Rothschild, Nathan Mayer (French banker)
Rothschild family: Mayer’s five sons: Amschel, Nathan, Jakob, Salomon, and Karl—the founders of the Rothschild consortium—showed themselves variously suited to the work they inherited from their father: Nathan and Jakob stood out among their brothers by the force of their personalities—particularly Nathan, who was often characterized by his contemporaries as hard,…
- Rothschild, Robert (French businessman)
Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach: When financier Robert Rothschild refused to sign over his French holdings to Alfried, Rothschild was shipped to the Auschwitz concentration camp and gassed. It was incidents of this kind, together with his exploitation of slave labour, that put Alfried in the prisoners’ dock at the Nürnberg war-crimes…
- Rothstein, Arnold (American criminal)
Arnold Rothstein was an American big-time gambler, bootlegger, and friend of high-placed politicians and businessmen, who dominated influence-peddling in the 1920s in New York City. He was the prototype for F. Scott Fitzgerald’s character Meyer Wolfsheim in The Great Gatsby, “the man who fixed the
- Rothstein, Sumner Murray (American executive)
Sumner Redstone was an American media executive whose company, National Amusements, Inc. (NAI), acquired leading film, television, and entertainment properties, notably Viacom and CBS. Redstone’s father, Michael (Mickey), was a liquor wholesaler, nightclub owner, and drive-in movie operator. As a
- roti (bread)
chapati: Chapati and roti are often considered interchangeable, because they are both unleavened breads made with wheat flour, but there are differences in their cooking techniques. Some consider chapati a type of roti, while others think they are two entirely unique breads. While roti is sometimes cooked on…
- Roti Island (island, Indonesia)
Roti Island, island about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Timor across the narrow Roti Strait, Nusa Tenggara Timur provinsi (province), Indonesia. Roti lies between the Indian Ocean on the west and the Timor Sea on the east. It is 50 miles (80 km) long (southwest-northeast) and about 14 miles (23 km)
- Roti language
Austronesian languages: Central Malayo-Polynesian (CMP): …on the island of Flores; Roti, spoken on the island of the same name; Tetum, spoken on the island of Timor; and Buruese, spoken on the island of Buru in the central Moluccas.
- rotifer (invertebrate)
rotifer, any of the approximately 2,000 species of microscopic, aquatic invertebrates that constitute the phylum Rotifera. Rotifers are so named because the circular arrangement of moving cilia (tiny hairlike structures) at the front end resembles a rotating wheel. Although common in freshwater on
- Rotifera (invertebrate)
rotifer, any of the approximately 2,000 species of microscopic, aquatic invertebrates that constitute the phylum Rotifera. Rotifers are so named because the circular arrangement of moving cilia (tiny hairlike structures) at the front end resembles a rotating wheel. Although common in freshwater on
- Rotimi, Emmanuel Gladstone Olawale (Nigerian scholar and dramatist)
Ola Rotimi was a Nigerian scholar, playwright, and director. Rotimi was born to an Ijaw mother and a Yoruba father, and cultural diversity was a frequent theme in his work. Educated in Nigeria in Port Harcourt and Lagos, he traveled to the United States in 1959 to study at Boston University. After
- Rotimi, Ola (Nigerian scholar and dramatist)
Ola Rotimi was a Nigerian scholar, playwright, and director. Rotimi was born to an Ijaw mother and a Yoruba father, and cultural diversity was a frequent theme in his work. Educated in Nigeria in Port Harcourt and Lagos, he traveled to the United States in 1959 to study at Boston University. After
- Rotinbure (Germany)
Rothenburg ob der Tauber, city, Bavaria Land (state), south-central Germany. The city lies above the deep valley of the Tauber River, on the scenic “romantic route” between Würzburg and the Bavarian Alps. First mentioned as Rotinbure in the 9th century, it developed around a Hohenstaufen fortress
- rotisserie baseball (game)
baseball: Fantasy baseball: Rotisserie baseball was invented in 1980 by author Dan Okrent and a group of baseball-minded friends who regularly met at the Manhattan restaurant Le Rotisserie Francais. They formed the core of the first rotisserie league. Unlike APBA, which is based upon a prior season’s performance,…
- rotisserie sport
fantasy sport, any of a number of games that permit a person to play either a virtual game or a virtual season of a sport. In fantasy sports, the fans pose as both general manager and field manager of their team, building a roster through a draft and trades and making lineups in pursuit of the
- roto
fantasy sport, any of a number of games that permit a person to play either a virtual game or a virtual season of a sport. In fantasy sports, the fans pose as both general manager and field manager of their team, building a roster through a draft and trades and making lineups in pursuit of the
- rotogravure printing (printing)
rotogravure printing, system of printing based on the transfer of fluid ink from depressions in a printing plate to the paper. It is an intaglio process, so-called because the design to be printed is etched or engraved below the surface of the printing plate. At the start of the gravure printing
- Rotoialum (France)
Rueil-Malmaison, town, western residential and industrial suburb of Paris, Hauts-de-Seine département, Île-de-France région, north-central France. Originally called Rotoialum or Roialum, it was a resort of the Merovingian kings, a Frankish dynasty (6th–8th century). In 1346 Rueil was burned by the
- rotoinversion axis (crystallography)
mineral: Symmetry elements: A rotoinversion axis combines rotation about an axis of rotation with inversion. Rotoinversion axes are symbolized as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, where 1 is equivalent to a centre of symmetry (or inversion), 2 is equivalent to a mirror plane, and 3 is equivalent to…
- Rotomagus (France)
Rouen, port city and capital of Seine-Maritime département, Haute-Normandie région, northwestern France. It is located about 78 miles (125 km) northwest of Paris, on the Seine River. Known to the Romans as Rotomagus, the city first became important in the 3rd century ce, when Christianity was
- Rotonda, Villa (villa, Vicenza, Italy)
Andrea Palladio: Visits to Rome and work in Vicenza: …for Giulio Capra, called the Villa Rotonda, near Vicenza. This was a hilltop belvedere, or summer house, with a view, of completely symmetrical plan with hexastyle, or porticoes on each of four sides and central circular halls surmounted by domes. The Villa Trissino at Meledo, of the same type, was…
- Rotondi, Michael (American architect)
Thom Mayne: …1972 Mayne and fellow architect Michael Rotondi launched the Santa Monica, California-based design firm Morphosis, taking the firm’s name from the Greek word meaning “to be in formation” or “taking shape.” That same year Mayne helped found the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-ARC), which became a leading school in…
- rotor (helicopter part)
helicopter: Principles of flight and operation: …the rotating blade assembly (rotor) mounted atop its fuselage on a hinged shaft (mast) connected with the vehicle’s engine and flight controls. In comparison to airplanes, the tail of a helicopter is somewhat elongated and the rudder smaller; the tail is fitted with a small antitorque rotor (tail rotor).…
- rotor (electric motor)
electric generator: Rotor: An elementary synchronous generator is shown in cross section in Figure 2. The central shaft of the rotor is coupled to the mechanical prime mover. The magnetic field is produced by conductors, or coils, wound into slots cut in the surface of the cylindrical…
- rotor (engine part)
gasoline engine: Rotary (Wankel) engines: …has an equilateral triangular orbiting rotor. The rotor turns in a closed chamber, and the three apexes of the rotor maintain a continuous sliding contact with the curved inner surface of the casing. The curve-sided rotor forms three crescent-shaped chambers between its sides and the curved wall of the casing.…
- rotor (vortex)
lee wave: …of sufficient amplitude for a rotor, a vortex with a horizontal axis of rotation perpendicular to the direction of flow, to occur. In a rotor, the wind at the ground blows toward the mountain.
- rotor cipher machine (cryptology)
cipher: …in cryptodevices—the development of the rotor cipher machine. One common type of rotor system implemented product ciphers with simple monoalphabetic substitution ciphers as factors. The rotors in this machine consisted of disks with electrical contacts on each side that were hardwired to realize an arbitrary set of one-to-one connections (monoalphabetic…
- rotor kite (aeronautics)
kite: Kite structure: …deviation in form is the rotor, a kinetic kite that manifests lift and the Magnus effect through a horizontal spinning vane sandwiched between two cylinders—a rigid frame and sail in one.
- rotor spinning (textiles)
cotton: Cotton fibre processing: Faster production methods include rotor spinning (a type of open-end spinning), in which fibres are detached from the card sliver and twisted, within a rotor, as they are joined to the end of the yarn. For the production of cotton blends, air-jet spinning may be used; in this high-speed…
- rotorcraft
helicopter: …more power-driven horizontal propellers or rotors that enable it to take off and land vertically, to move in any direction, or to remain stationary in the air. Other vertical-flight craft include autogiros, convertiplanes, and V/STOL aircraft of a number of configurations.
- Rotorua (New Zealand)
Rotorua, city (“district”), north-central North Island, New Zealand. It lies at the southwestern end of Lake Rotorua, for which it is named, between the Bay of Plenty to the northeast and Lake Taupo to the southwest. Founded in the early 1870s, it was constituted a special town district in 1881
- Rotorua Museum of Art and History (museum, Rotorua, New Zealand)
Rotorua: Other attractions include the Rotorua Museum of Art and History in the former government bathhouse on the lakeshore and its adjacent gardens and the remains of Te Wairoa, a village near Mount Tarawera that was buried in the 1886 eruption and is now preserved as a museum.
- Rotorua, Lake (lake, New Zealand)
Lake Rotorua, lake in north-central North Island, New Zealand, and largest of a group of about 20 lakes, including Rotoiti and Tarawera, that were formerly called the Hot Lakes. The lake is pear-shaped and measures 7.5 miles (12 km) by 6 miles (9.5 km). Lake Rotorua (Maori: “Crater Lake”) has a
- Rotorua-Taupa Basin (geological formation, New Zealand)
caldera: Examples are the Rotorua-Taupo Basin in New Zealand and the basin of Lake Toba in Sumatra.
- Rotorvane (machine)
tea: Rolling: The Rotorvane consists of a horizontal barrel with a feed hopper at one end and a perforated plate at the other. Forced through the barrel by a screw-type rotating shaft fitted with vanes at the centre, the leaf is distorted by resistor plates on the inner…
- rotoscoping (animation)
animation: The Fleischer brothers: The Fleischers invented the rotoscoping process, still in use today, in which a strip of live-action footage can be traced and redrawn as a cartoon. The Fleischers exploited this technique in their pioneering series Out of the Inkwell (1919–29). It was this series, with its lively interaction between human…
- rototiller (agriculture)
agricultural technology: Primary tillage equipment: The rotary plow’s essential feature is a set of knives or tines rotated on a shaft by a power source. The knives chop the soil up and throw it against a hood that covers the knife set. These machines can create good seedbeds, but their high…
- Rotrou, Jean de (French dramatist)
Jean de Rotrou was one of the major French Neoclassical playwrights of the first half of the 17th century. He shares with Pierre Corneille the credit for the increased prestige and respectability that the theatre gradually came to enjoy in Paris at that time. Rotrou wrote his first play, the comedy
- rotta (musical instrument)
rotta, medieval European stringed musical instrument. The name is frequently applied to the boxlike lyres with straight or waisted sides frequently pictured in medieval illustrations of musical instruments. Some surviving writings, however, indicate that contemporary writers may have applied the
- rotte (musical instrument)
rotta, medieval European stringed musical instrument. The name is frequently applied to the boxlike lyres with straight or waisted sides frequently pictured in medieval illustrations of musical instruments. Some surviving writings, however, indicate that contemporary writers may have applied the