Kehinde Wiley: Black Rock Senegal and other projects from the late 2010s: Also in 2019 Wiley’s Rumors of War, a bronze sculpture commissioned by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, was unveiled in Times Square, New York City, and was later brought to its permanent location in front of the museum. The work recalls the traditional equestrian form used for…

collective behavior: Rumor: Rumor abounds under certain circumstances. The U.S. psychologists Gordon W. Allport and Leo Postman offered the generalization that rumor intensity is high when both the interest in an event and its ambiguity are great. The U.S. sociologist Tamotsu Shibutani agreed, contending that…

Fleetwood Mac: …multimillion-selling Fleetwood Mac (1975) and Rumours. Evocatively reflecting the simultaneous breakups of the McVies’ marriage and Buckingham and Nicks’s relationship, Rumours—which won the Grammy Award for album of the year—epitomized the band’s accomplished songwriting, arresting vocal chemistry, and rock-solid rhythm section.

Rump Parliament, in the period of the English Commonwealth, the phase of the Long Parliament (q.v.) following the expulsion of 121 members unacceptable to the rebel army in

Rumpelstiltskin, German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm for their Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1812–22). Other variations occur in European folklore; in some British versions the title character is named Terrytop, Tom Tit Tot, or Whuppity Stoorie. The title character is a mysterious gnomelike

Georg Eberhard Rumpf was a naturalist and author of Herbarium Amboinense (1741–55), an extensive study of the flora of the East Indies. Rumpf was sent to Amboina by the Dutch East India Company in 1653 to study plant life. The six-volume illustrated work that he produced represented a more complete

Georg Eberhard Rumpf was a naturalist and author of Herbarium Amboinense (1741–55), an extensive study of the flora of the East Indies. Rumpf was sent to Amboina by the Dutch East India Company in 1653 to study plant life. The six-volume illustrated work that he produced represented a more complete

Rumphi, town located in northern Malawi on the Rumphi (Chelinda) River at its junction with the South Rukuru River. Except for an extensive coffee crop, local agriculture is at a subsistence level. The headquarters of a Church of Scotland mission is located at Livingstonia, 50 miles (80 km)

Rumphi, town located in northern Malawi on the Rumphi (Chelinda) River at its junction with the South Rukuru River. Except for an extensive coffee crop, local agriculture is at a subsistence level. The headquarters of a Church of Scotland mission is located at Livingstonia, 50 miles (80 km)

Horace Rumpole, fictional character, a barrister featured in many television scripts and novels of John Mortimer. The rumpled, disreputable, and curmudgeonly Rumpole often wins cases despite the disdain of his more aristocratic colleagues. He is fond of cheap wine (“Château Thames Embankment”) and

John Fitch: After a battle with James Rumsey over claims to invention, Fitch was granted a U.S. patent for steamboats on August 26, 1791, and a French patent the same year.

Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 6, 2006, turned back constitutional challenges to the Solomon Amendment, a modification in a federal statute that required the U.S. Department of Defense to deny funding to institutions of

Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 6, 2006, turned back constitutional challenges to the Solomon Amendment, a modification in a federal statute that required the U.S. Department of Defense to deny funding to institutions of

Donald Rumsfeld: Rumsfeld’s Rules: Leadership Lessons in Business, Politics, War, and Life (2013) comprised guidelines he had written out on note cards during his career, fleshed out with observations from historical figures and personal acquaintances. Rumsfeld was the subject of the Errol Morris documentary The Unknown Known…

Donald Rumsfeld was a U.S. government official who served as secretary of defense (1975–77; 2001–06) in the Republican administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and George W. Bush. After graduating from Princeton University (A.B., 1954), Rumsfeld served three years as an aviator in the U.S. Navy.

rumspringa, a rite of passage and period of growth in adolescence for some Amish youths, during which time they face fewer restrictions on their behaviour and are not subject to the Ordnung (German: “order”), the specific system of unwritten community norms that governs their sect. Not all Amish

Muhammad Iqbal: Early life and career: …Persian poem, Rumūz-e bīkhūdī (1918; The Mysteries of Selflessness). Written as a counterpoint to the individualism preached in the Asrār-e khūdī, this poem called for self-surrender.

Nikolay Petrovich, Count Rumyantsev was a Russian statesman and diplomat who was also a bibliophile and a patron of historiography and voyages of exploration. The Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg, founded to house his collection of books, rare manuscripts, and maps, became the heart of the

Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev, Count Zadunaysky was a Russian army officer who distinguished himself in the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) against Prussia and in the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74). As governor-general of Ukraine (from November 1764), he was responsible for integrating the region more

Sarah Paulson: Other film and television roles: (2019), The Goldfinch (2019), and Run (2020). In 2020 Paulson appeared as Alice Macray, a friend and collaborator of activist Phyllis Schlafly, in FX’s limited drama series Mrs. America, about the conservative fight against the Equal Rights Amendment.

gallop: …be four beats in an extended gallop, or run—the gait featured in cross-country riding, in polo, in working with cattle, and in track racing.

Ann Patchett: Later novels and other works: …fiction with her next book, Run (2007), which explores the relationship between an ambitious father and his two sons. Issues of medical ethics and mortality are the focus of State of Wonder (2011), in which a pharmaceutical researcher travels to the Amazon Rainforest to investigate both the death of a…

Ed Harris: …(Liam Neeson) in the action-packed Run All Night (2015).

Paul McCartney: Wings and solo career: …of mostly early rock-and-roll songs, Run Devil Run, which he recorded with Pink Floyd’s David Gilmour, to more positive reviews. His pop albums in the early 21st century included Driving Rain (2001), Chaos and Creation in the Backyard (2005), Memory Almost Full (2007), New (2013), and

David Schwimmer: Directing and stage work: …directorial debut in 2007 with Run Fatboy Run, a romantic comedy about a man who decides to run a marathon in an attempt to win back his former fiancée. He also directed the drama Trust (2010), about a young woman who is abused by a sexual predator she meets online.

Samuel Fuller: Films of the 1950s: Run of the Arrow (1957) exhibited the distinctive Fuller touch of black humour mixed with a deep streak of cynicism. A bitter Confederate soldier (Rod Steiger) joins a Sioux tribe after the American Civil War. Forty Guns (1957) was a western, with Barbara Stanwyck as…

cricket: Methods of dismissal: …is out by a “run out” if, while the ball is in play, his wicket is broken while he is out of his ground (that is, he does not have at least his bat in the crease). If the batsmen have passed each other, the one running for the…

Joan Didion: …she wrote her first novel, Run River (1963), which examines the disintegration of a California family. While in New York City, she met and married writer John Gregory Dunne, with whom she returned to California in 1964. A collection of magazine columns published as Slouching Towards Bethlehem (1968) established Didion’s…

Clark Gable: Gone with the Wind, tragedy, and later films of Clark Gable: …he played a plantation owner; Run Silent, Run Deep (1958), a tense submarine adventure in which Gable costarred with Burt Lancaster; and the romantic farces Teacher’s Pet (1958), with Doris Day, and It Started in Naples (1960), with Sophia Loren.

Sarah Polley: …to write the essay collection Run Towards the Danger: Confrontations with a Body of Memory (2022), in which she explores difficult incidents from her life.

Dolly Parton: Acting and other activities: best-selling author James Patterson, Run, Rose, Run, a thriller about a young country music singer with a mysterious past. It was published in 2022, just days after the release of a companion album.

Dean Smith: …that Smith devised included the run-and-jump defense (a full-court pressure defense that involved players switching defensive assignments on the run) and the foul-line huddle (in which one player would relay instructions from Smith to the other players before a foul shot). Hallmarks of his teams were that players acknowledged a…

Run-DMC, was an American rap group that brought hip-hop into the musical and cultural mainstream, introducing what became known as “new-school” rap. Run-DMC’s hit songs included “Walk This Way” (1986) and “It’s Tricky” (1987). Its members were Joseph Simmons (Run), Darryl McDaniels (DMC, or

Run-DMC, was an American rap group that brought hip-hop into the musical and cultural mainstream, introducing what became known as “new-school” rap. Run-DMC’s hit songs included “Walk This Way” (1986) and “It’s Tricky” (1987). Its members were Joseph Simmons (Run), Darryl McDaniels (DMC, or

data compression: Run-length encoding (RLE) is good for repetitive data, replacing it by a count and one copy of a repeated item. Adaptive dictionary methods build a table of strings and then replace occurrences of them by shorter codes. The Lempel-Ziv algorithm, invented by Israeli computer scientists…

data compression: Run-length encoding (RLE) is good for repetitive data, replacing it by a count and one copy of a repeated item. Adaptive dictionary methods build a table of strings and then replace occurrences of them by shorter codes. The Lempel-Ziv algorithm, invented by Israeli computer scientists…

coal mining: Coal preparation: Therefore, run-of-mine (ROM) coal—the coal that comes directly from a mine—has impurities associated with it. The buyer, on the other hand, may demand certain specifications depending on the intended use of the coal, whether for utility combustion, carbonization, liquefaction, or gasification. In very simple terms, the…

enjambment, in prosody, the continuation of the sense of a phrase beyond the end of a line of verse. T.S. Eliot used enjambment in the opening lines of his poem The Waste Land: Compare end

Quechua, South American Indians living in the Andean highlands from Ecuador to Bolivia. They speak many regional varieties of Quechua, which was the language of the Inca empire (though it predates the Inca) and which later became the lingua franca of the Spanish and Indians throughout the Andes.

motorboat: Types.: The outboard runabout, or motor launch, is a fairly small open boat with seats running laterally across the width of the craft and occasionally with decking over the bow area. Inboard runabouts are usually a bit larger and are either open or have a removable shelter top.…

bike wagon, a lightweight, one-horse, open carriage, having four wheels, almost invariably with pneumatic or solid rubber tires of the same type used on bicycles, and axles with ball bearings. It was designed in the 1890s, one of the last horse-drawn vehicles manufactured, and it included such

Badr Khānī Jāladat: …with his later illustrated publication Runahi (“Light”), promoted understanding among the diverse and often conflicting elements of the Kurdish nationalist movement and contributed to the growth of a Kurdish popular literature.

robot: In his next work, Runaround (1942), Asimov introduced the famous Three Laws of Robotics:

Del Shannon: …released his first single, “Runaway,” in 1961. Punctuated by his trademark falsetto cries, this ode to lost love (a common theme in Shannon’s songs) topped the charts. A series of hits quickly followed: “Hats Off to Larry,” “So Long Baby,” “Hey! Little Girl” (all 1961), “Little Town Flirt” (1963),…

Alice Munro: Later work: In Runaway (2004) Munro explores the depths of ordinary lives through the use of temporal shifts and realistically rendered reminiscences; it also was awarded the Giller Prize. The View from Castle Rock (2007) combines history, family memoir, and fiction into narratives of questionable inquiries and obscure…

Garry Marshall: Films: Pretty Woman and The Princess Diaries: …with Gere and Roberts on Runaway Bride (1999), which was less successful. During this time Marshall also directed Frankie and Johnny (1991), about a relationship that develops between a cook just released from prison (Al Pacino) and a waitress (Michelle Pfeiffer).

The Sea of Fertility: …yuki (Spring Snow), Homma (Runaway Horses), Akatsuki no tera (The Temple of Dawn), and Tennin gosui (The Decay of the Angel)—is set in Japan, and together they cover the period from roughly 1912 to the 1960s. Each of them depicts a different reincarnation of the same being: as a…

instinct: Instinct as behaviour: …theory, sometimes called the “runaway hypothesis,” is that perceptual preferences of the choosers, for certain characteristics unrelated to genetic quality in prospective mates, can drive the evolutionary exaggeration of those characteristics to greater and greater extremes. For example, the existence of supernormal stimulation supports the idea that displays of…

John Grisham: Other novels: 1997), The Runaway Jury (1996; film 2003), and The Testament (1999).

John Grisham: Other novels: Rainmaker (1995; film 1997), The Runaway Jury (1996; film 2003), and The Testament (1999).

Ron Toomer: …thrillers as the tubular track Runaway Mine Ride (1966), the inverted helix-shaped Corkscrew (1975), and the first suspended coasters of the 1980s.

Beverly Cleary: …Mouse and the Motorcycle (1965), Runaway Ralph (1970), and the Ramona series, whose notable titles include Ramona the Pest (1968), Ramona and Her Father (1977), and Ramona Quimby, Age 8 (1981).

runaway selection hypothesis, in biology, an explanation first proposed by English statistician R.A. Fisher in the 1930s to account for the rapid evolution of specific physical traits in male animals of certain species. Some traits—such as prominent plumage, elaborate courtship behaviours, or

Danny Trejo: Career: …the set of the film Runaway Train (1985), starring American actors John Voight and Eric Roberts. Trejo was unable to locate the young man who had contacted him, but he was recognized by an old friend from his early days, Eddie Bunker, who had helped adapt the screenplay for the…

Joan Jett: Later work and legacy: …most notable film projects was The Runaways (2010), a feature film based on Currie’s 1989 memoir, Neon Angel: The Cherie Currie Story (expanded and republished in 2010 as Neon Angel: A Memoir of a Runaway), that introduced Jett’s teenage career to a new generation. Jett served as an executive producer…

Joan Jett: The Runaways: Jett met record producer Kim Fowley, who had been a music industry veteran since the 1950s, in 1973. Fowley was interested in creating an all-female rock band, and after their meeting, Fowley introduced Jett to Sandy West, a drummer. Eventually, three more musicians…

Robert Runcie was the archbishop of Canterbury and titular head of the Anglican Communion from 1980 to 1991. Runcie attended a Scottish local council school and Merchant Taylors’ School in Crosby before entering Brasenose College, Oxford. His education was interrupted after one year by the outbreak

Czechoslovak history: The crisis of German nationalism: …to the mission of Lord Runciman, whose avowed purpose was to observe and report on conditions within the country.

creativity: Phase models of creativity: The American psychologist Mark Runco holds that the creative process consists of six essential stages, or phases. In the first stage, “orientation” (a time of intense interest and curiosity), the creative individual gathers information. The second stage, “incubation,” consists of defining the problem and seeking a solution and…

Runcorn, town, Halton unitary authority, historic county of Cheshire, northwestern England. It lies on the southern shore of the River Mersey 15 miles (24 km) upstream from the port of Liverpool. The main industry is the production of chemicals. Railway and road bridges connect the town with Widnes

Stanley Keith Runcorn was a British geophysicist whose pioneering studies of paleomagnetism provided early evidence in support of the theory of continental drift. Runcorn was educated at the University of Cambridge (B.A., 1944; M.A., 1948) and the University of Manchester (Ph.D., 1949). He was

Anatolian religion: The pantheon: …the texts by the logogram KAL, to be read Kurunda or Tuwata, later Ruwata, Runda. The war god also appears, though his Hittite name is concealed behind the logogram ZABABA, the name of the Mesopotamian war god. His Hattian name was Wurunkatti, his Hurrian counterpart Hesui. His Hattian name meant…

Ringo Starr: Solo career: music, acting, and photography: …with the All-Starr Band were Todd Rundgren and Levon Helm. Solo studio albums featuring tracks written and recorded by Starr and members of his All-Starr Band include Choose Love (2005), Postcards from Paradise (2015), Give More Love (2017), and What’s My Name (2019). In 2025 Starr returned to the country…

Rundi, the peoples of the Republic of Burundi, who speak Rundi, an Interlacustrine Bantu language. The Rundi are divided into two main ethnic groups: the Hutu, the majority of whom have traditionally been farmers; and the Tutsi, the majority of whom have traditionally been cattle-owning

Rundi: Regional variations of the Rundi language (also called Kirundi) include Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa, although all are mutually intelligible. Rwanda (also Kinyarwanda), which is spoken in Rwanda, is also understandable to speakers of Rundi. Hundreds of thousands of speakers of Rundi reside in Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda, mostly as refugee…

Dwayne Johnson: Acting: …The Scorpion King (2002) and The Rundown (2003). In 2004 he left the ring to turn his attention to acting full-time.

Gerd von Rundstedt was a German field marshal who was one of Adolf Hitler’s ablest leaders during World War II. He held commands on both the Eastern and Western fronts, played a major role in defeating France in 1940, and led much of the opposition to the Allied offensive in the West in 1944–45. An

Gerd von Rundstedt was a German field marshal who was one of Adolf Hitler’s ablest leaders during World War II. He held commands on both the Eastern and Western fronts, played a major role in defeating France in 1940, and led much of the opposition to the Allied offensive in the West in 1944–45. An

Rundu, town, extreme northeastern Namibia. It lies on the south bank of the Okavango River, which forms the border between Angola and Namibia. Rundu is the main settlement in the Kavango region, which comprises northeastern Namibia and is named for the local Kavango people. Rundu is a local service

rune, Any of the characters within an early Germanic writing system. The runic alphabet, also called futhark, is attested in northern Europe, Britain, Scandinavia, and Iceland from about the 3rd century to the 16th or 17th century ad. The Goths may have developed it from the Etruscan alphabet of

Johan Ludvig Runeberg was a Finno-Swedish poet who is generally considered to be the national poet of Finland. His works, which express the patriotic spirit of his countrymen, were written in Swedish and exercised great influence on Swedish literature as well. While a student at Åbo (Turku)

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge was a German chemist considered to be the originator of the widely used analytic technique of paper chromatography. Runge earned a medical degree from the University of Jena in 1819 and a doctorate in chemistry from the University of Berlin in 1822. He was a professor at

Philipp Otto Runge was a German Romantic painter, draftsman, and art theorist known for his expressive portraits and symbolic landscapes and for his groundbreaking colour theory, expounded in Farben-Kugel (1810; Colour Sphere). Runge had no formal art training until he began taking private drawing

Ringling Brothers, family of American circus proprietors who created the Ringling Brothers circus empire in the late 19th century. The members active in founding and running the family’s circus enterprises were all brothers: Albert C. (1852–1916), Otto (1858–1911), Alfred T. (1861–1919), Charles

Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, stadium in P’yŏngyang, North Korea, that was completed in 1989. Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, built on Rungra Island on the Taedong River, is the world’s largest-capacity stadium, with 150,000 seats. It stands eight stories high, and its total floor area covers 2,228,129

Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, stadium in P’yŏngyang, North Korea, that was completed in 1989. Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, built on Rungra Island on the Taedong River, is the world’s largest-capacity stadium, with 150,000 seats. It stands eight stories high, and its total floor area covers 2,228,129

Johannes Ewald: …his first mature works: “Rungsteds lyksaligheder” (1775; “The Joys of Rungsted”), a lyric poem in the elevated new style of the ode; Balders død (1775; The Death of Balder), a lyric drama on a subject from Saxo and Old Norse mythology; and the first chapters of his memoirs, Levnet…

Tabwa, a people who live mainly on the southwestern shores of Lake Tanganyika, on the high grassy plateaus of the Marungu massif in extreme southeastern Congo (Kinshasa). Some also live in northeasternmost Zambia and along the Luapula River. Tabwa speak a Bantu language closely related to those of

kipunji, (Rungwecebus kipunji), arboreal species of monkeys that occur in two populations in the Eastern Arc forests of Tanzania: one in the Ndundulu forest in the Udzungwa Mountains, the other in the Rungwe-Livingstone forest of the Southern Highlands. It is light brown in colour with white on the

runic alphabet, writing system of uncertain origin used by Germanic peoples of northern Europe, Britain, Scandinavia, and Iceland from about the 3rd century to the 16th or 17th century ad. Runic writing appeared rather late in the history of writing and is clearly derived from one of the alphabets

Germanic religion and mythology: Freyr: The Old English Runic Poem indicates that the god Ing was seen first among the eastern Danes; he departed eastward over a wave and his chariot went after him. It is remarkable how the chariot persists in the cult of the Vanir, Nerthus, Ing, and Freyr. A comparatively…

Swedish literature: The 17th century: Simpler in style was Johan Runius, who expressed a Christian stoicism of the kind found among Swedes during the disastrous early decades of the 18th century. Jacob Frese was a gentler and more intimate poet; his lyrics and hymns contain some of the emotional pietism that became a feature…

Ranjit Singh was the founder and maharaja (1801–39) of the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab. Ranjit Singh was the first Indian in a millennium to turn the tide of invasion back into the homelands of the traditional conquerors of India, the Pashtuns (Afghans), and he thus became known as the Lion of the

Cody Rhodes is an American professional wrestler known for his extensive history in various professional wrestling promotions, his tenacity as a competitor, his persona, and his ability to win over a crowd. He was a founding member and executive vice president of All-Elite Wrestling (AEW) and

turbine: Impulse turbines: …on the periphery of the runner to extract the water energy and convert it to useful work.

plant reproductive system: Reproduction by special asexual structures: …belong such flowering-plant structures as stolons, rhizomes, tubers, corms, and bulbs, as well as the tubers of liverworts, ferns, and horsetails, the dormant buds of certain moss stages, and the leaves of many succulents.

runner, any of certain species of fishes in the family Carangidae (order Perciformes), which also includes the jacks, amberjacks, and pompanos. The blue runner (Caranx crysos) is a shiny, greenish or bluish fish of the Atlantic. Like others in the family, blue runners have deeply forked tails. They

bean: Other beans: The scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus) is native to tropical America. Naturally a perennial, it is grown to a small extent in temperate climates as an annual. It is a vigorous climbing plant with showy racemes of scarlet flowers, large coarse pods, and large coloured seeds.…

Stanley Kramer: Final films: After the little-seen The Runner Stumbles (1979), in which Dick Van Dyke played a priest accused of murdering a nun, Kramer retired from directing.

dog: Skeletal structure: Dogs are running animals, with the exception of those bred specifically for different purposes. For instance, the bulldog, with its large head and short, “bowed” legs, cannot be called a creature born to chase game. Most dogs, however, are well equipped to run or lope over long…

running, footracing over a variety of distances and courses and numbering among the most popular sports in nearly all times and places. Modern competitive running ranges from sprints (dashes), with their emphasis on continuous high speed, to grueling long-distance and marathon races, requiring

partridgeberry, (Mitchella repens), North American plant of the madder family (Rubiaceae), growing in dry woods from southwestern Newfoundland westward to Minnesota and southward to Florida and Texas. Partridgeberry is a good wild-garden plant for shady places and is popular in winter terrariums

Billy Mills: The film Running Brave (1984) was based on his Olympic victory.

insurance: RDC clause: The RDC, or “running down” clause, provides coverage for legal liability of either the shipper or the common carrier for claims arising out of collisions. (Collision loss to the vessel itself is part of the hull coverage.) The RDC clause covers negligence of…

Western painting: Land art: …the American landscape in their Running Fence (1972–76), for which they ran 18-foot- (5.5-metre-) high sections of white fabric along metal runners for a distance of more than 24 miles (39 km) in northern California. Possibly the most “sublime” work of land art, however, was Walter De Maria’s Lightning Field…

Michael Ondaatje: Prose works: …Orleans jazz musician Buddy Bolden; Running in the Family (1982), his memoirs about life in Ceylon; and In the Skin of a Lion (1987), a novel about the clash between rich and poor in early 20th-century Toronto.

navigation: Other aids to navigation: …under way at night displayed running lights by which sailors on nearby vessels could judge its course and speed. The traditional coloured lights, red to port (left) and green to starboard (right), were augmented on steamships with a white light at the head of the foremast. In foggy weather, gongs,…

Stephen King: Other novels: …1983); The Running Man (1982; film 1987); Christine (1983; film 1983); Thinner (1984; film 1996); It (1986; TV miniseries 1990; films 2017 and 2019); Misery (1987; film 1990); The Tommyknockers (1987; TV miniseries 1993); and The Dark Half (1989;

Stephen King: Other novels: Cujo (1981; film 1983); The Running Man (1982; film 1987); Christine (1983; film 1983); Thinner (1984; film 1996); It (1986; TV miniseries 1990; films 2017 and 2019); Misery (1987; film 1990); The Tommyknockers (1987; TV miniseries 1993); and

Pamplona: …each morning by the famous encierro—“enclosing”—or, more commonly, “running” of the bulls, when they are driven through the streets behind crowds of skillfully dodging men and boys.