River Phoenix: Career: His sensitive performance in Running on Empty drew praise from critics, and he was nominated for an Academy Award for best actor in a supporting role.

Jackson Browne: … (1976) and the live album Running on Empty (1978); the title tracks from both recordings are among his best-known songs. His musical style ranged from romantic folk rock ballads to up-tempo rock and reggae.

dance: Postmodernism: In Tom Johnson’s Running Out of Breath (1976) the dancer simply ran around the stage reciting a text until he ran out of breath.

Javier Bardem: …addict in Días contados (1994; Running Out of Time). In Boca a boca (1995; Mouth to Mouth) he garnered laughs and another Goya Award as an aspiring actor who falls in love with a customer while working for a telephone-sex company. Bardem later appeared as a wheelchair-bound policeman in Pedro…

club moss: Major genera and species: …club moss, also known as running pine or stag’s horn moss (Lycopodium clavatum), has creeping stems up to 3 metres (about 10 feet) long and has 10-cm- (about 4-inch-) high ascending branches. The scalelike green leaves are set closely together. Running pine is native to open dry woods and rocky…

gonorrhea, sexually transmitted disease characterized principally by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genital tract and urethra. It is caused by the gonococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae—a bacterium with a predilection for the type of mucous membranes found in the genitourinary tract and

rigging: …sail are known as the running rigging. The running rigging is subdivided into the lifts, jeers, and halyards (haulyards), by which the sails are raised and lowered, and the tacks and sheets, which hold down the lower corners of the sails. The history of the development of rigging over the…

Roy Orbison: “Running Scared” (1961), a delirious fantasy of romantic paranoia, epitomizes Orbison’s artistry: tension mounts in the accompaniment and in the singer’s voice as he frets that a chance encounter with his rival for his lover’s affections will cause her to leave him. The rival appears,…

Billy Crystal: …costarring in the buddy-cop comedy Running Scared. That year he also cohosted the Comic Relief comedy fund-raiser with Robin Williams and Whoopi Goldberg. The trio would go on to host some 10 televised Comic Relief events over two decades.

xingshu, a semicursive Chinese script that developed out of the Han dynasty lishu script at the same time that the standard kaishu script was evolving (1st–3rd century ad). The characters of xingshu are not abbreviated or connected, but strokes within the characters are often run together. The

serviceberry: Common species: Running serviceberry (A. spicata) is a spreading shrub about 1 metre (3.3 feet) tall that is useful in semiwild plantings and for stabilizing soil, especially on embankments. Given that the wild types of Amelanchier appear to hybridize freely, the taxonomy of the genus is somewhat…

Determining how much life insurance to purchase can be tricky. You need to figure out how much coverage you need, but you also have to consider how much you can afford to pay in premiums. You can use formulas and calculators to help, but at the end of the day, there’s no precise, “correct” amount

Kate Bush: Return to live performances, other projects, and honors: …2022 Bush’s 1985 song “Running Up That Hill” featured prominently in the fourth season of the popular Netflix series Stranger Things. Because of this exposure to new audiences unacquainted with her work, the song reentered the charts in many countries. In the United States it went to number three…

Tennessee walking horse: The running walk is a natural gait that may be improved but not acquired by a horse without the natural ability. The gait is faster than a flat-footed walk, with a speed of 10 to 13 km (6 to 8 miles) per hour. The front foot…

Annette Bening: Career: After appearing in Running with Scissors (2006), The Women (2008), and Mother and Child (2009), Bening received her fourth Oscar nomination, for her starring role opposite Julianne Moore in The Kids Are All Right (2010), a dramedy about a married lesbian couple whose two children seek out their…

running-dog pattern, in classical architecture, decorative motif consisting of a repeated stylized convoluted form, something like the profile of a breaking wave. This pattern, which may be raised above, incised into, or painted upon a surface, frequently appears on a frieze, the middle element of

Vigenère cipher: Even though running-key or autokey ciphers eliminate periodicity, two methods exist to cryptanalyze them. In one, the cryptanalyst proceeds under the assumption that both the ciphertext and the key share the same frequency distribution of symbols and applies statistical analysis. For example, E occurs in English plaintext…

Runnymede, borough (district) in the northwestern part of the administrative and historic county of Surrey, southeastern England. It lies to the west of London on the River Thames. The town of Addlestone is the administrative centre. Runnymede is largely rural in character and includes a

runoff, in hydrology, quantity of water discharged in surface streams. Runoff includes not only the waters that travel over the land surface and through channels to reach a stream but also interflow, the water that infiltrates the soil surface and travels by means of gravity toward a stream channel

Raphael Warnock: A politician’s life: …Warnock was forced into a runoff with Walker. On December 6, Warnock defeated Walker to win reelection to a six-year term.

Tuomas Anhava: His Runoja (1953; “Poems”) has as its central theme alienation and a search for a transcendence of everyday reality. These motifs are developed in the technically difficult poems of 36 runoja (1958; “36 Poems”). The images in these poems are strongly reminiscent of the Japanese and…

Rickey Henderson: …setting the all-time record for runs scored. His 2,246th run broke the career record for runs held by Ty Cobb, which had stood since Cobb’s retirement in 1928. On October 7, the last day of the 2001 regular season, Henderson became only the 25th player in major league history to…

airport: Operational requirements: …layout are the number of runways and their orientation, the shape of the available site, and constraints at the site both on the ground and in the air. The location and orientation of runways is governed in turn by the need to avoid obstacles, particularly during landing and takeoff procedures.…

Bob Jones University v. United States: Facts of the case: …of Appeal’s 1975 decision in McCrary v. Runyon prohibiting private institutions from excluding minorities, Bob Jones University again revised its policy and permitted single African American students to enroll while implementing a strict rule that prohibited interracial dating and marriage. Students who violated the rule or even advocated its violation…

Damon Runyon was an American journalist and short-story writer, best known for his book Guys and Dolls, written in the regional slang that became his trademark. Sources differ on the day and year of Runyon’s birth, although a birth announcement in a local newspaper is often cited in support of

Damon Runyon was an American journalist and short-story writer, best known for his book Guys and Dolls, written in the regional slang that became his trademark. Sources differ on the day and year of Runyon’s birth, although a birth announcement in a local newspaper is often cited in support of

Ruo River, largest tributary of the Shire River of southern Malaŵi and Mozambique. Rising on the slopes of the Mulanje Mountains, it flows south to Mulanje town, where it veers southwest, forming 80 miles (130 km) of the Malaŵi-Mozambique border before entering the Shire River at Chiromo. The Ruo’s

Zoigê Marsh, large marsh lying mostly in northern Sichuan province, west-central China. It occupies about 1,000 square miles (2,600 square km) of the eastern part of the Plateau of Tibet at an elevation of 11,800 feet (3,600 metres) above sea level and extends westward across the border of Sichuan

Latin literature: The 9th to the 11th century: The Ruodlieb, a romance written perhaps in about 1050 in a language heavily influenced by vernacular usage, reveals a comparable narrative subtlety. Even in its fragmentary state, the variety and vigour of its episodes are apparent.

Oceanic music and dance: Micronesia: The ruoia is a sequence of standing dances in which movements are slow and mainly those of the arms and hands. In introductory and main dances, up to six leading dancers, male or female, pose as “gliding frigate birds” in front of the other dancers, who…

skandha: …(1) matter, or body (rūpa), the manifest form of the four elements—earth, air, fire, and water; (2) sensations, or feelings (vedanā); (3) perceptions of sense objects (Sanskrit: saṃjñā; Pāli: saññā); (4) mental formations (saṃskāras/sankhāras); and (5) awareness, or consciousness, of the other three mental aggregates (vijñāna

Rūpa Gosvāmī was a scholar, poet, and author of many Sanskrit works; he was one of the most influential and remarkable of the medieval saints of India. Rūpa Gosvāmī was the most eminent of the six gosvāmīs appointed as his successors by the founder of Gauḍīya Vaiṣ-ṇavism, the Bengali saint

Rūpa Gosvāmī was a scholar, poet, and author of many Sanskrit works; he was one of the most influential and remarkable of the medieval saints of India. Rūpa Gosvāmī was the most eminent of the six gosvāmīs appointed as his successors by the founder of Gauḍīya Vaiṣ-ṇavism, the Bengali saint

rūpa-loka, in Buddhist thought, the world, or realm, of form. See

rūpa-loka, in Buddhist thought, the world, or realm, of form. See

Tingo María, city, central Peru. The city lies at an elevation of 2,133 feet (650 metres) on the right bank of the Huallaga River. It is located at the head of navigation of the river’s middle course in an intermediate geographic zone known as a ceja de selva (“eyebrow of the jungle”), part of the

rūpa-loka, in Buddhist thought, the world, or realm, of form. See

Ropar, town, eastern Punjab state, northwestern India. The town lies on the Sutlej River near the head of the great Sirhind Canal, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Chandigarh. The Ropar area has been inhabited for millennia, and the present-day town is the site of a centre of the ancient Indus

Rupat Island, island in the Strait of Malacca, Riau provinsi (province), Indonesia. It lies just off the eastern coast of Sumatra across a 3-mile- (5-kilometre-) wide channel, opposite Melaka, Malaysia. The island is very low and swampy and circular in shape, with a diameter of about 30 miles (48

RuPaul is an American entertainer who carved out an idiosyncratic place in popular culture as perhaps the most famous drag queen in the United States in the 1990s and early 21st century. RuPaul was born in California to parents who divorced by the time he was seven. At age 15 he moved in with one

RuPaul: Later albums and RuPaul’s Drag Race: …2009, RuPaul hosted and coproduced RuPaul’s Drag Race, a reality television show that named “America’s next drag superstar.” The popular program was credited with reviving RuPaul’s flagging career, and he won Emmy Awards (2016–23) as the show’s host. RuPaul’s Drag Race also received the Emmy for best competition show (2018–21…

Specialty Records: Little Richard, Lloyd Price, and a Los Angeles Label: Art Rupe, a graduate of the University of California, Los Angeles, started out by recording local black artists for the jukebox market. He soon built a strong roster of small combos led by Roy Milton and brothers Jimmy and Joe Liggins as well as gospel…

The rupee is the monetary unit of Muslim India from the 16th century and the modern monetary unit of India and Pakistan. The modern unit is divided into 100 paisa in India and Pakistan. The name derives from the Sanskrit rupya (“wrought silver”). The rupee is also the name of the monetary unit used

Rupelian Stage, lowermost division of Oligocene rocks, representing all rocks deposited worldwide during the Rupelian Age (33.9 million to 28.1 million years ago) of the Paleogene Period (66 million to 23 million years ago). It is named for exposures studied along the Rupel, a tributary of the

Rupert was a German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398. A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After

Rupert was a German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398. A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After

Waskaganish, village and trading post in Nord-du-Québec region, western Quebec province, Canada, on James Bay, at the mouth of the Rupert River. It was founded in 1668 as the first Hudson’s Bay Company post by the Médart Chouart, sieur de Groseilliers; it was at first called Fort-Charles (or

Rupert was a German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398. A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After

Rupert was a German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398. A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After

World War I: The German invasion: Crown Prince Rupert of Bavaria on August 20 ordered his 6th Army to counterattack instead of continuing to fall back before the French advance as planned, and Crown Prince William of Germany ordered his 5th Army to do the same. The strategic result of these unplanned…

The Prisoner of Zenda: …on to write a sequel, Rupert of Hentzau (1898).

Prince Rupert was the most talented Royalist commander of the English Civil War (1642–51). His tactical genius and daring as a cavalry officer brought him many victories early in the war, but his forces eventually were overcome by the more highly disciplined Parliamentary army. Rupert’s father was

Rupert was a German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398. A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After

Prince Rupert was the most talented Royalist commander of the English Civil War (1642–51). His tactical genius and daring as a cavalry officer brought him many victories early in the war, but his forces eventually were overcome by the more highly disciplined Parliamentary army. Rupert’s father was

Rupert River, river in Nord-du-Québec region, western Quebec province, Canada. It rises from Mistassini Lake in the central part of the province and flows generally westward for 380 miles (610 km) through a series of lakes to Ruperts Bay, at the south end of James Bay. It was discovered by Henry

Rupert’s Land, historical region in northern and western Canada. The name was applied to the territory comprising the drainage basin of Hudson Bay, granted by King Charles II in 1670 to the Hudson’s Bay Company. Prince Rupert, cousin of Charles, was the first governor of the company, whence the

Prince Rupert was the most talented Royalist commander of the English Civil War (1642–51). His tactical genius and daring as a cavalry officer brought him many victories early in the war, but his forces eventually were overcome by the more highly disciplined Parliamentary army. Rupert’s father was

Prince Rupert was the most talented Royalist commander of the English Civil War (1642–51). His tactical genius and daring as a cavalry officer brought him many victories early in the war, but his forces eventually were overcome by the more highly disciplined Parliamentary army. Rupert’s father was

Rupert River, river in Nord-du-Québec region, western Quebec province, Canada. It rises from Mistassini Lake in the central part of the province and flows generally westward for 380 miles (610 km) through a series of lakes to Ruperts Bay, at the south end of James Bay. It was discovered by Henry

comic strip: Europe: …in an adult newspaper was Rupert, the Adventures of a Little Lost Teddy Bear (begun 1921), created by Mary Tourtel for the Daily Express. The text was fitted in below the balloonless pictures in order to facilitate reading aloud by adults.

rupiah, monetary unit of Indonesia. The Central Bank of the Republic of Indonesia (Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia) has the exclusive authority to issue banknotes and coins in Indonesia. Coin denominations range from 25 to 1,000 rupiah. Banknotes in circulation range in denominations from 100 to

chamois, (genus Rupicapra), either of two species of goatlike animal, belonging to the family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), that are native to the mountains of Europe and the Middle East. The two species are the Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), which is found in the Cantabrian Mountains,

artiodactyl: Scent glands: …goat, the pronghorn, and the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), supraorbital ones in muntjacs (several species of Muntiacus). There are jaw glands in the pronghorn; neck glands in camels; dorsal glands on the back of peccaries, pronghorn, and springbok; and preputial glands (in front of the genital region) in several pigs, grysbok…

goat antelope, (tribe Rupicaprini), goatlike mammals of the subfamily Caprinae (family Bovidae, order Artiodactyla). Goat antelopes owe their name to their physical characteristics, which are intermediate between those of the stockily built goats (subfamily Caprinae) and the long-legged antelopes

goat antelope, (tribe Rupicaprini), goatlike mammals of the subfamily Caprinae (family Bovidae, order Artiodactyla). Goat antelopes owe their name to their physical characteristics, which are intermediate between those of the stockily built goats (subfamily Caprinae) and the long-legged antelopes

cock-of-the-rock, either of two species of brilliantly coloured birds of tropical South America, usually included in the family Cotingidae (q.v.; order Passeriformes) but sometimes placed in a family of their own, Rupicolidae. They are noted for the males’ flattened circular crest extending over

Ropar, town, eastern Punjab state, northwestern India. The town lies on the Sutlej River near the head of the great Sirhind Canal, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Chandigarh. The Ropar area has been inhabited for millennia, and the present-day town is the site of a centre of the ancient Indus

Rupnarayan River, river in West Bengal state, northeastern India. It rises as the Dhaleshwari (Dhalkisor) in the Chota Nagpur plateau foothills northeast of the city of Purulia and follows a tortuous southeasterly course past the city of Bankura, where it is known as the Dwarkeswar. It is joined by

Adolph Rupp was an American collegiate basketball coach at the University of Kentucky (1930–72). He retired as the most successful coach in men’s collegiate basketball, with 876 wins. In 1997 he was surpassed by Dean Smith, and the record is held—as of 2024—by Mike Krzyzewski with 1,202 wins.

Adolph Rupp was an American collegiate basketball coach at the University of Kentucky (1930–72). He retired as the most successful coach in men’s collegiate basketball, with 876 wins. In 1997 he was surpassed by Dean Smith, and the record is held—as of 2024—by Mike Krzyzewski with 1,202 wins.

Mo Farah: …in Salazar’s group was American Galen Rupp, who would win the silver medal in the 2012 Olympic 10,000-metre final. Farah won the world 5,000-metre title at the 2011 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) world championships in Taegu, South Korea, having placed a close second in the 10,000 metres, his…

fox: Classification: rueppelli (sand fox) Big-eared fox of the deserts of northern Africa southward to Sudan; also found in Saudi Arabia and southwestern Asia; weight usually 2 or 3 kg, length to 80 cm, including tail; coat sandy or silvery gray with black patches on the face. V.…

Eduard Rüppell was a German naturalist and explorer of northeastern Africa who is remembered as much for the zoological and ethnographical collections he brought back to Europe as for his explorations. Rüppell first went to Africa in 1817 and ascended the Nile River to its first set of cataracts

Eduard Rüppell was a German naturalist and explorer of northeastern Africa who is remembered as much for the zoological and ethnographical collections he brought back to Europe as for his explorations. Rüppell first went to Africa in 1817 and ascended the Nile River to its first set of cataracts

Rupert was a German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398. A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After

Rupert was a German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398. A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After

Rupert was a German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398. A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After

Prince Rupert was the most talented Royalist commander of the English Civil War (1642–51). His tactical genius and daring as a cavalry officer brought him many victories early in the war, but his forces eventually were overcome by the more highly disciplined Parliamentary army. Rupert’s father was

University of Heidelberg, state-supported institution of higher learning at Heidelberg, Ger. Modelled on the University of Paris, it was founded in 1386 by the elector Rupert I and, like other German universities, was endowed by a foundation of colleges. The first was the college of the Cistercian

Vienna: Layout and architecture: Vienna’s oldest church is St. Ruprecht’s. Dating from the 13th century with parts from the 11th century, it is believed to have originally been erected in 740.

Celastrales: Lepidobotryaceae: …known from East Africa and Ruptiliocarpon caracolito growing in Central and South America. They have simple two-ranked leaves that are jointed at the base of the blade and have small paired leafy structures, or stipels, as well as ordinary stipules where the leaf joins the stem. The inflorescence seems to…

hernia, protrusion of an organ or tissue from its normal cavity. The protrusion may extend outside the body or between cavities within the body, as when loops of intestine escape from the abdominal cavity into the chest through a defect in the diaphragm, the muscular partition between the two

Essequibo River: With its chief tributaries, the Rupununi, Mazaruni, and Cuyuni, its system drains more than half of Guyana.

Guyana: Relief: …the south form the extensive Rupununi Savanna region. The Acaraí Mountains, which rise to about 2,000 feet (600 metres), rim the plateau on the southern border, and it is crowned on the western frontier by the Pakaraima Mountains, which rise to 9,094 feet (2,772 metres) at Mount Roraima. The Rupununi…

Police Zone: …until independence led to the Rural Areas Proclamation (1977), which revoked the regulations previously used to control the movement of black Africans and permitted all ethnic groups to take employment and residence wherever they chose. By the time of independence in 1990, even the effects of a Police Zone had…

rural society, society in which there is a low ratio of inhabitants to open land and in which the most important economic activities are the production of foodstuffs, fibres, and raw materials. Such areas are difficult to define with greater precision, for, although in nonindustrialized nations the

vicar: A vicar forane (or rural dean) is a priest in charge of a subdivision of a diocese called a forane vicariate, or deanery. In canon law a priest working with or in place of the pastor of a parish is called a vicar, or curate.

Rurales: …1926 a new force, the Rural Defense Force (Guardia Rural), was created out of a number of volunteer forces that had developed after 1915 for local self-protection. Though this corps still exists as an army reserve, by the late 20th century it was being phased out, and its forces dropped…

rural electrification, project implemented in the United States in the second quarter of the 20th century by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA), a federal agency established in 1935, under the New Deal, in an effort to raise the standard of rural living and to slow the extensive

United States: Agricultural recovery: …creation in 1935 of the Rural Electrification Administration (REA), which did more to bring farmers into the 20th century than any other single act. Thanks to the REA, nine out of 10 farms were electrified by 1950, compared to one out of 10 in 1935.

Rural Free Delivery (RFD), service begun in the United States in 1896 to deliver mail directly to farm families. Before RFD, rural inhabitants had to pick up mail themselves at sometimes distant post offices or pay private express companies for delivery. Free mail delivery began in cities in 1863,

Susan Augusta Fenimore Cooper: Rural Hours (1850), her volume of fresh and graceful observations of nature and country life drawn from her journal, was very successful, enjoying several reprintings and appearing in revised editions in 1868 and 1887. In the same vein but less successful were Rhyme and Reason…

Emiliano Zapata: Agrarian reforms: He established a Rural Loan Bank, the country’s first agricultural credit organization; he also tried to reorganize the sugar industry of Morelos into cooperatives. In April 1915 U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson’s personal representative in Mexico met with Zapata; Zapata asked that Wilson receive his delegation, but Wilson had…

William Cobbett: …lead to his greatest book, Rural Rides, which was an unrivalled picture of the land.

servitude: Rural servitudes (i.e., those owed by one estate to another) include various rights-of-way; urban servitudes (i.e., those established for convenience) include building rights in neighbouring properties, such as drainage and encroachment rights, and rights to light, support, and view.

rural society, society in which there is a low ratio of inhabitants to open land and in which the most important economic activities are the production of foodstuffs, fibres, and raw materials. Such areas are difficult to define with greater precision, for, although in nonindustrialized nations the

Solidarity: …composed of private farmers, named Rural Solidarity (Wiejska Solidarność), was founded in Warsaw on December 14, 1980. By early 1981 Solidarity had a membership of about 10 million people and represented most of the work force of Poland.

John Gay: …1713 his first important poem, Rural Sports, appeared. This is a descriptive and didactic work in two short books dealing with hunting and fishing but containing also descriptions of the countryside and meditations on the Horatian theme of retirement. In it he strikes a characteristic note of delicately absurd artificiality,…

Jean-Pierre Boyer: …in the 1790s—by passing the Code Rural. Its provisions sought to tie the peasant labourers to plantation land by denying them the right to leave the land, enter the towns, or start farms or shops of their own and by creating a rural constabulary to enforce the code. These efforts,…

Rurales, federal corps of rural police established on May 6, 1861, by the Mexican president Benito Juárez to combat the banditry that threatened travel and commerce throughout Mexico. Such a force had been planned four years earlier but could not be established during the War of Reform. In 1869,