Ramses VII was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1138–31 bce) during the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who was probably the son of Ramses VI. His reign is known chiefly from several important economics papyri. Two documents, one a ship’s log and the other an account concerning the shipment of grain

Ramses VIII was a king of Egypt (c. 1130 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) whose ephemeral reign occurred immediately after that of Ramses VII and is poorly documented. Some modern historians place this king before Ramses VII, following the list of princes—descendants of Ramses III,

Ramses X was a king of Egypt (c. 1110–07 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077), during whose poorly documented reign disorders that had become endemic under his predecessor continued. Only one year of his reign is definitely attested, by a diary from his third year, found in western Thebes. It

Ramses XI was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1106–c. 1077 bce), the last king of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077 bce), whose reign was marked by civil wars involving the high priest of Amon and the viceroy of Nubia. At the end of his reign, new dynasties were founded in Upper and Lower Egypt. During

Ramses I was a king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1292–90 bce), founder of the 19th dynasty (c. 1292–c. 1191 bce) of Egypt. Probably descended from a nonroyal military family from the northeast Egyptian delta, Ramses found favor with Horemheb, the last king of the 18th dynasty (c. 1539–c. 1292 bce),

Ramses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty (1292–1191 bce) of ancient Egypt whose reign (1279–1213 bce) was the second longest in Egyptian history. In addition to his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he is known for his extensive building programs and for the many colossal statues of him

Ramses III was the king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1187–57 bce) who defended his country against foreign invasion in three great wars, thus ensuring tranquility during much of his reign. In his final years, however, he faced internal disturbances, and he was ultimately killed in an attempted coup

Ramses IV was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1156–50 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who strove through extensive building activity to maintain Egypt’s prosperity in an era of deteriorating internal and external conditions. Upon his accession, Ramses compiled a lengthy document (the Harris

Ramses IX was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1129–11 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077), during whose reign serious civil problems troubled Egypt. Amenhotep, the high priest of Amon, exercised many religious and governmental functions in Thebes while Ramses IX remained almost continuously at

Ramses V was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1149–46 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who died relatively young, perhaps of smallpox. Ramses V was the successor and probably the son of Ramses IV and reigned only briefly. The priesthood of Amon was ascendant during the reign of Ramses V: as

Ramses VI was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1145–39 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who succeeded to the throne after the early death of his nephew, Ramses V. Evidence indicates that Ramses VI was probably a son of Ramses III. After taking the throne, he annexed the tomb of his

Ramses VII was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1138–31 bce) during the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who was probably the son of Ramses VI. His reign is known chiefly from several important economics papyri. Two documents, one a ship’s log and the other an account concerning the shipment of grain

Ramses VIII was a king of Egypt (c. 1130 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) whose ephemeral reign occurred immediately after that of Ramses VII and is poorly documented. Some modern historians place this king before Ramses VII, following the list of princes—descendants of Ramses III,

Ramses X was a king of Egypt (c. 1110–07 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077), during whose poorly documented reign disorders that had become endemic under his predecessor continued. Only one year of his reign is definitely attested, by a diary from his third year, found in western Thebes. It

Ramses XI was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1106–c. 1077 bce), the last king of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077 bce), whose reign was marked by civil wars involving the high priest of Amon and the viceroy of Nubia. At the end of his reign, new dynasties were founded in Upper and Lower Egypt. During

ancient Egypt: The later Ramesside kings: …to control it by installing Ramessesnakht, the son of a royal steward, as Theban high priest. Ramessesnakht participated in administrative as well as priestly affairs; he personally led an expedition to the Wadi Ḥammāmāt (present-day Wādī Rawḍ ʿĀʾid) quarries in the Eastern Desert, and at Thebes he supervised the distribution…

Ramesseum, funerary temple of Ramses II (1279–13 bc), erected on the west bank of the Nile River at Thebes in Upper Egypt. The temple, famous for its 57-foot (17-metre) seated statue of Ramses II (of which only fragments are left), was dedicated to the god Amon and the deceased king. The walls of

Ramathibodi I: Ramathibodi prepared his son Ramesuan to succeed him, but on his death in 1369 the throne was seized by his Suphan Buri brother-in-law, Borommaraja I, who reigned for nine years before Ramesuan could regain the throne and restore Ramathibodi’s dynasty.

Rameswaram, island, southeastern Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It forms part of Rama’s (Adam’s) Bridge, a series of coral reef islands connecting India and Sri Lanka. The island contains a temple that is one of the most venerated of all Hindu shrines. The great temple of Rameswaram was

Rameswaram: The great temple of Rameswaram was built in the 17th century on the traditional site said to be sanctified by the god Rama’s footprints when he crossed the island on his journey to rescue his wife, Sita, from the demon Ravana. The temple is built on rising…

Mauritius: Leadership by Navin Ramgoolam, Anerood and Pravind Jugnauth, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, and Prithvirajsing Roopun: …led by incumbent Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam of the Mauritius Labour Party (MLP; Parti Travailliste [PTr]) was victorious, in part because of Ramgoolam’s success in promoting stable economic development.

rajm, in Islam, ritual stoning as a punishment, especially as prescribed for fornication. The term also refers to the ritual casting of stones at the Devil during the hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). That particular rite co-occurs with Eid al-Adha, the Muslim festival commemorating Abraham’s willingness

ramie, (Boehmeria nivea), fibre-yielding plant of the nettle family (Urticaceae) and its bast fibre, native to China. Green ramie, or rhea (Boehmeria nivea, variety tenacissima) may have originated in Malaysia and is also a fibre source. The perennial plant produces many stalks, each growing from

ramie: History and uses: Ramie fabric was used in ancient Egypt and was known in Europe during the Middle Ages. Ramie fibre, also known as China grass, and ramie fabric, variously known as grass linen, grass cloth, or China linen, have been exported from East Asia to the Western…

ramie: History and uses: Ramie fibre, also known as China grass, and ramie fabric, variously known as grass linen, grass cloth, or China linen, have been exported from East Asia to the Western Hemisphere since early in the 18th century, but commercial production of ramie products did not achieve importance in the West until…

history of logic: Principia Mathematica and its aftermath: …be known as the “ramified” theory of types. In addition, in order to show that all of the usual mathematics can be derived in their system, Russell and Whitehead were forced to introduce a special assumption, called the axiom of reducibility, that implies a partial collapse of the ramified…

submarine: First use in war: … was built, which attacked HMS Ramillies at anchor off New London, Conn. This time the craft’s operator succeeded in boring a hole in the ship’s copper sheathing, but the screw broke loose as the explosive was being attached to the ship’s hull.

Battle of Ramillies, (May 23, 1706), victory won by Allied (Anglo-Dutch) forces led by the Duke of Marlborough over the French during the War of the Spanish Succession. The victory led to the Allied capture of the whole north and east of the Spanish Netherlands. The battle was fought at the village

Carlos the Jackal is a Venezuelan militant who orchestrated some of the highest-profile terrorist attacks of the 1970s and ’80s. Ramírez was born into an upper-class Venezuelan family; his father operated a lucrative law practice. Ramírez’s father was a committed Marxist, and Ramírez received an

Chicago Cubs: …baseman Derrek Lee, third baseman Aramis Ramírez, outfielder Alfonso Soriano, catcher Geovany Soto (who won Rookie of the Year honours in 2008), and pitchers Ryan Dempster, Carlos Zambrano, and Ted Lilly, in 2007 and 2008 the Cubs won consecutive NL Central Division titles—the first time in 100 years that the…

José Ramírez is a Dominican professional baseball player who is among the most underappreciated superstars in Major League Baseball (MLB). Ramírez, the face of the Cleveland Guardians franchise, has played in five All-Star Games and four times has finished in the top four in the voting for the

José Ramírez is a Dominican professional baseball player who is among the most underappreciated superstars in Major League Baseball (MLB). Ramírez, the face of the Cleveland Guardians franchise, has played in five All-Star Games and four times has finished in the top four in the voting for the

Julio César Chávez: …the lightweight champion by stopping Jose Ramirez in 11 rounds on October 29, 1988. Chávez moved up to the junior-welterweight ranks and won the WBC and International Boxing Federation versions of the title in 1989 and 1990, respectively. The latter was a stunning victory, often called one of the most…

Manny Ramirez is a Dominican American professional baseball player who is considered one of the greatest right-handed hitters in the history of the game. Ramirez left the Dominican Republic in 1985 for the New York City borough of the Bronx, where he graduated from George Washington High School in

Manny Ramirez is a Dominican American professional baseball player who is considered one of the greatest right-handed hitters in the history of the game. Ramirez left the Dominican Republic in 1985 for the New York City borough of the Bronx, where he graduated from George Washington High School in

outsider art: History and characteristics: …Museum showcased the work of Martín Ramírez (1895–1963), who worked entirely within the confines of the California psychiatric hospital where he was a patient for the greater part of his adult life. Though long known among those interested in outsider art, his works were thus introduced to a much wider…

Edelmiro J. Farrell: Pedro Pablo Ramírez. When the latter resigned under pressure, Farrell became president of Argentina. In that capacity, Farrell took a historic step when, under U.S. pressure, he declared war on Germany and Japan during World War II. On June 4, 1946, Juan D. Perón, Farrell’s…

Richard Ramirez was an American serial killer, rapist, and burglar who murdered at least 13 people in California in 1984–85. He was convicted and sentenced to death but died while in prison. Ramirez grew up in El Paso, Texas, the youngest of five children born to Mexican immigrants. According to

Richard Ramirez was an American serial killer, rapist, and burglar who murdered at least 13 people in California in 1984–85. He was convicted and sentenced to death but died while in prison. Ramirez grew up in El Paso, Texas, the youngest of five children born to Mexican immigrants. According to

Ramiro II was the king of Aragon from 1134 to 1137. He was the third son of Sancho V Ramirez. His elder brother, Alfonso I the Battler, left no issue and bequeathed his kingdom to the military orders. Ramiro, who had entered a monastery and was bishop-elect of Barbastro, renounced his vows,

Ramiro I was the first king of Aragon, who reigned from 1035. He was the (probably) illegitimate son of King Sancho III of Navarre. During his father’s lifetime he governed this territory and was made king of it by his father’s will. In 1045 he annexed the territories belonging to his brother

Ramiro II was the king of Aragon from 1134 to 1137. He was the third son of Sancho V Ramirez. His elder brother, Alfonso I the Battler, left no issue and bequeathed his kingdom to the military orders. Ramiro, who had entered a monastery and was bishop-elect of Barbastro, renounced his vows,

Ramiro II was the king of Leon and Asturias in Christian Spain from 931 to 951. The second son of King Ordoño II, he became king on the abdication of his elder brother, Alfonso IV. Ramiro was an exceptional general who scored several major victories (e.g., the Battle of Simancas, 939) over the

Ramiro II was the king of Aragon from 1134 to 1137. He was the third son of Sancho V Ramirez. His elder brother, Alfonso I the Battler, left no issue and bequeathed his kingdom to the military orders. Ramiro, who had entered a monastery and was bishop-elect of Barbastro, renounced his vows,

Lake Titicaca: …into Titicaca; the largest, the Ramis, draining about two-fifths of the entire Titicaca Basin, enters the northwestern corner of the lake. One small river, the Desaguadero, drains the lake at its southern end. This single outlet empties only 5 percent of the lake’s excess water; the rest is lost by…

Bill Murray: …Murray starred with Aykroyd and Harold Ramis in Ghostbusters, which became one of the highest-grossing films of the decade.

Bill Murray: …Murray starred with Aykroyd and Harold Ramis in Ghostbusters, which became one of the highest-grossing films of the decade.

Latakia, city and muḥāfaẓah (governorate), northwestern Syria. The city, capital of the governorate, is situated on the low-lying Raʿs Ziyārah promontory that projects into the Mediterranean Sea. It was known to the Phoenicians as Ramitha and to the Greeks as Leuke Akte. Its present name is a

ramjet, air-breathing jet engine that operates with no major moving parts. It relies on the craft’s forward motion to draw in air and on a specially shaped intake passage to compress the air for combustion. After fuel sprayed into the engine has been ignited, combustion is self-sustaining. As in

Seychelles: History of Seychelles: …vote; his nearest challenger was Wavel Ramkalawan of the Seychelles National Party (SNP), who took 33.93 percent. Ramkalawan was an Anglican priest who was the leader of the SNP and had run for president in previous elections. The runoff election was held December 16–18. On December 19 Michel was declared…

Ramkhamhaeng was the third king of Sukhothai in what is now north-central Thailand, who made his young and struggling kingdom into the first major Tai state in 13th-century Southeast Asia. On the death of his brother, King Ban Muang, about 1279, Ramkhamhaeng inherited his tiny kingdom of only a few

African music: Lutes: Another long-necked lute is the ramkie of South Africa.

Ramla, city in Israel, on the coastal plain southeast of Tel Aviv–Yafo. Ramla is the only city founded by the Arabs in Palestine. It was established in 716 by the caliph Sulaymān ibn ʿAbd al-Malik (reigned 715–717), who made it the administrative capital of Palestine, replacing nearby Lod (Lydda).

Rubʿ al-Khali, vast desert region in the southern Arabian Peninsula, constituting the largest portion of the Arabian Desert. It covers an area of about 250,000 square miles (650,000 square km) in a structural basin lying mainly in southeastern Saudi Arabia, with lesser portions in Yemen, Oman, and

Āl Wahībah Dunes, sandy desert, east-central Oman. It fronts the Arabian Sea on the southeast and stretches along the coast for more than 100 miles (160 km). The desert consists of honey-coloured dunes that are dark red at their base and rise to heights of 230 feet (70 m). The sands are

Arabia: Yemen: …interior the sand desert of Ramlat Al-Sabʿatayn lies on the slope descending from Al-Kawr to the Rubʿ al-Khali, which is gentle both here and going down from the jawl.

South Asian arts: Folk theatre: In the ramlila and raslila the principal characters—Rama and Krishna—are always played by boys under age 14, because tradition decreed they must be pure and innocent. They are considered representatives of the gods and are worshipped on these occasions. In the ramlila the vyas (“director”), present on…

Jordan: Relief: …5,755 feet (1,754 meters) at Mount Ramm, Jordan’s highest point, in the south. Outcrops of sandstone, chalk, limestone, and flint extend to the extreme south, where igneous rocks predominate.

Hadad, the Old Testament Rimmon, West Semitic god of storms, thunder, and rain, the consort of the goddess Atargatis. His attributes were identical with those of Adad of the Assyro-Babylonian pantheon. He was the chief baal (“lord”) of the West Semites (including both sedentary and nomadic

rammed earth, building material made by compacting certain soils, used by many civilizations. The most durable of the earth-building forms, rammed earth may be used for making building blocks or for constructing whole walls in place, layer by layer. In making building blocks, the soil is rammed

Ramanathapuram, town, southeastern Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It is situated just south of the Vaigai River at the base of the peninsula that extends eastward to Adam’s Bridge, the series of shoals between southeastern India and northwestern Sri Lanka. Ramanathapuram was a former capital

Râmnicu Vâlcea, city, capital of Vâlcea judeƫ (county), south-central Romania, on the Olt River. Documented as a town in the late 14th century, it was a local market town during the Middle Ages. Historical buildings in the city include the house of Anton Pann, folklorist and writer, and the local

Simon Ramo was an American engineer who made notable contributions to electronics and was the chief scientist (1954–58) of the U.S. intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) program. Ramo graduated (1933) from the University of Utah and earned (1936) a Ph.D. in both physics and electrical

Letizia Buonaparte was the mother of Napoleon I by Carlo Maria Buonaparte, whom she married in 1764. Simple and frugal in her tastes and devout in thought, she helped to bind her children to the life of Corsica. Although, during her son’s ascendance, she was endowed with immense wealth and

breadnut, (Brosimum alicastrum), prolific tree of the family Moraceae and its edible seeds. The plant is found widely in second-growth Central American and Mexican tropical rainforests and is cultivated in many tropical countries. The sweet orange-skinned fruits contain protein-rich seeds that are

Ramon Berenguer II was the count of Barcelona who reigned jointly with his twin brother, Berenguer Ramon II, from 1076 to 1082. Following up on the policies of their father, Ramon Berenguer I, they proceeded to build the defenses and repopulate the lands that he had conquered. In 1082, in a forest

Ramon Berenguer III was the count of Barcelona during whose reign (1097–1131) independent Catalonia reached the summit of its historical greatness, spreading its ships over the western Mediterranean and acquiring new lands from the southern Pyrenees to Provence. He was also known as Ramon Berenguer

Ramon Berenguer IV was the count of Barcelona from 1131 to 1162, regent of Provence from 1144 to 1157, and ruling prince of Aragon from 1137 to 1162. The elder son of Ramon Berenguer III, he continued his father’s crusading wars against the Almoravid Muslims. The kingdom of Aragon soon sought Ramon

Ramon Berenguer I was the count of Barcelona from 1035 to 1076. His father, Berenguer Ramon I (reigned 1018–35), divided and bequeathed his lands among his three sons. However, Sanç (or Sancho) in 1049 and Guillem (or William) in 1054 renounced their inheritances in their eldest brother’s favour,

Ramon Berenguer I was the count of Barcelona from 1035 to 1076. His father, Berenguer Ramon I (reigned 1018–35), divided and bequeathed his lands among his three sons. However, Sanç (or Sancho) in 1049 and Guillem (or William) in 1054 renounced their inheritances in their eldest brother’s favour,

Ramon Berenguer III was the count of Barcelona during whose reign (1097–1131) independent Catalonia reached the summit of its historical greatness, spreading its ships over the western Mediterranean and acquiring new lands from the southern Pyrenees to Provence. He was also known as Ramon Berenguer

Ramon Berenguer II was the count of Barcelona who reigned jointly with his twin brother, Berenguer Ramon II, from 1076 to 1082. Following up on the policies of their father, Ramon Berenguer I, they proceeded to build the defenses and repopulate the lands that he had conquered. In 1082, in a forest

Ramon Berenguer IV: …reached majority in 1157, as Ramon Berenguer III of Provence. When this count of Provence died in 1166 without a male heir, he was succeeded by Ramon Berenguer IV’s son Alfonso II, king of Aragon. By his wars and conquests from the Moors—Tortosa (1148), Lerida, Mequinenza, and Fraga (1149), and…

Ramon Berenguer III was the count of Barcelona during whose reign (1097–1131) independent Catalonia reached the summit of its historical greatness, spreading its ships over the western Mediterranean and acquiring new lands from the southern Pyrenees to Provence. He was also known as Ramon Berenguer

Ramon Berenguer IV was the count of Barcelona from 1131 to 1162, regent of Provence from 1144 to 1157, and ruling prince of Aragon from 1137 to 1162. The elder son of Ramon Berenguer III, he continued his father’s crusading wars against the Almoravid Muslims. The kingdom of Aragon soon sought Ramon

Ramon Berenguer I was the count of Barcelona from 1035 to 1076. His father, Berenguer Ramon I (reigned 1018–35), divided and bequeathed his lands among his three sons. However, Sanç (or Sancho) in 1049 and Guillem (or William) in 1054 renounced their inheritances in their eldest brother’s favour,

Ramon Berenguer III was the count of Barcelona during whose reign (1097–1131) independent Catalonia reached the summit of its historical greatness, spreading its ships over the western Mediterranean and acquiring new lands from the southern Pyrenees to Provence. He was also known as Ramon Berenguer

Ramon Berenguer IV was the count of Barcelona from 1131 to 1162, regent of Provence from 1144 to 1157, and ruling prince of Aragon from 1137 to 1162. The elder son of Ramon Berenguer III, he continued his father’s crusading wars against the Almoravid Muslims. The kingdom of Aragon soon sought Ramon

Ramon Berenguer II was the count of Barcelona who reigned jointly with his twin brother, Berenguer Ramon II, from 1076 to 1082. Following up on the policies of their father, Ramon Berenguer I, they proceeded to build the defenses and repopulate the lands that he had conquered. In 1082, in a forest

Spain: The Christian states, 711–1035: …wars among the Muslims enabled Ramon Borrell, count of Barcelona (992–1018), to avenge past affronts by sacking Cordóba in 1010. Alfonso V of León (999–1028) exploited the situation to restore his kingdom and to enact the first general laws for his realm in a council held at León in 1017.…

Saint Raymond of Peñafort ; canonized 1601; feast day January 7) was a Catalan Dominican friar who compiled the Decretals of Gregory IX, a body of medieval legislation that remained part of church law until the Code of Canon Law was promulgated in 1917. He studied canon law at Bologna and taught

Santiago Ramón y Cajal was a Spanish histologist who (with Camillo Golgi) received the 1906 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for establishing the neuron, or nerve cell, as the basic unit of nervous structure. This finding was instrumental in the recognition of the neuron’s fundamental role in

Helen Hunt Jackson: …provided material for her novel Ramona (1884), which aroused public sentiment.

Henry King: Films of the 1930s: Ramona, an adaptation of the Helen Hunt Jackson novel, was a light but popular Technicolor romance starring Loretta Young and Don Ameche as star-crossed Native American lovers. King ended 1936 with one of the year’s biggest hits, Lloyd’s of London, an entertaining account of the

Beverly Cleary: …include Ramona the Pest (1968), Ramona and Her Father (1977), and Ramona Quimby, Age 8 (1981).

Beverly Cleary: …and Her Father (1977), and Ramona Quimby, Age 8 (1981).

Beverly Cleary: …series, whose notable titles include Ramona the Pest (1968), Ramona and Her Father (1977), and Ramona Quimby, Age 8 (1981).

Italian literature: Women writers: Fabrizia Ramondino, in such novels as Althénopis (1981; Eng. trans. Althenopis) and L’isola riflessa (1998; “The Inward-Looking Island”), is also concerned with memory and its vagaries as well as with the cultural loss brought about by so-called social progress.

Dionne Warwick: Later music and honors: …and David as well as Phil Ramone, who had served as engineer on many of her classic recordings. Now netted Warwick a Grammy nomination for best traditional pop vocal album. In 2019 Warwick returned to R&B with She’s Back, produced by her son. That year she also received a Grammy…

the Ramones, American band that influenced the rise of punk rock on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The original members were Joey Ramone (byname of Jeffrey Hyman; b. May 19, 1951, New York, New York, U.S.—d. April 15, 2001, New York), Johnny Ramone (byname of John Cummings; b. October 8, 1951,

Jorge Ramos is a Mexican American journalist who was perhaps the most prominent Hispanic newsperson in the United States, known as the “Walter Cronkite of Latino America.” He notably was an anchor of Noticiero univision (1986– ). Ramos graduated (1981) with a communications degree from

Sakdal Uprising: …was founded in 1930 by Benigno Ramos, a discontented former government clerk. Drawing strength from illiterate, landless peasants, the movement advocated a drastic reduction of taxes on the poor and a radical land reform, including a breakup of the large estates. It also opposed the policy of the dominant Nacionalista…

Fidel Ramos was a military leader and politician who was president of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He was generally regarded as one of the most effective presidents in that nation’s history. Ramos was educated at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, and at the University of

Fidel Ramos was a military leader and politician who was president of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He was generally regarded as one of the most effective presidents in that nation’s history. Ramos was educated at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, and at the University of

Fidel Ramos was a military leader and politician who was president of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He was generally regarded as one of the most effective presidents in that nation’s history. Ramos was educated at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, and at the University of

Graciliano Ramos was a Brazilian regional novelist whose works explore the lives of characters shaped by the rural misery of northeastern Brazil. Ramos spent most of his life in Palmeira dos Índios, in the northeastern Brazilian state of Alagoas, where he was proprietor of a general store and

Jorge Ramos is a Mexican American journalist who was perhaps the most prominent Hispanic newsperson in the United States, known as the “Walter Cronkite of Latino America.” He notably was an anchor of Noticiero univision (1986– ). Ramos graduated (1981) with a communications degree from

Maria Ramos is a Portuguese South African economist and businesswoman who served as CEO of the transportation company Transnet (2004–09) and later of the financial group Absa (2009–19). Ramos moved to South Africa with her parents when she was a child and later became a citizen there. She studied

Maria Ramos is a Portuguese South African economist and businesswoman who served as CEO of the transportation company Transnet (2004–09) and later of the financial group Absa (2009–19). Ramos moved to South Africa with her parents when she was a child and later became a citizen there. She studied

Pop art: Pop art in the United States: Allan D’Arcangelo, Ray Johnson, Mel Ramos, and John Wesley.