Mexico: The arts: …of universal significance, as did Samuel Ramos, whose philosophical speculations on humanity and culture in Mexico influenced post-1945 writers in several genres. The prolific critic and cultural analyst Octavio Paz is considered by many to be the foremost poet of Latin America. The novels of Carlos Fuentes are honoured throughout…

José Ramos-Horta is an East Timorese political activist who, along with Bishop Carlos F.X. Belo, received the 1996 Nobel Prize for Peace for their efforts to bring peace and independence to East Timor, a former Portuguese possession that was under Indonesian control from 1975 to 1999. Ramos-Horta

Guyana: Independence of Guyana: …term, and in November 2011 Donald Ramotar of the PPP was elected president. That year, however, his party and its junior coalition partner, the Civic Party, subsequently lost their majority in the National Assembly when a coalition was formed by A Partnership for National Unity (APNU)—an alliance comprising the People’s…

mining: Vertical openings: shafts and raises: …the underground is through a ramp—that is, a tunnel driven downward from the surface. Internal ramps going from one level to another are also quite common. If the topography is mountainous, it may be possible to reach the ore body by driving horizontal or near-horizontal openings from the side of…

mountain: Alpine- (or Himalayan-)type belts: …thrust onto it are called ramp overthrusts. When the fault first forms, it dips at 10° to 30° (or more). Slip on this fault (i.e., the movement of one face of the fault relative to the other) brings the leading edge of the off-scraped slice of crust to the surface…

tectonic basins and rift valleys: Ramp valleys: As previously noted, these depressions are similar to rift valleys, but they have been formed by the opposite process—crustal shortening. A ramp valley develops when blocks of crust are thrust toward one another and up onto an intervening crustal block. The latter is…

Phil Karlson: Later films: The adventure drama Rampage (1963) failed to find an audience, although Robert Mitchum gave a strong performance as a big-game hunter. Karlson had greater success with The Silencers (1966), the first—and arguably finest—of the Matt Helm spy spoofs. Dean Martin was at his

Jean-Pierre Rampal was a French flutist who brought the flute to new prominence as a concert instrument and demonstrated the appropriateness of the flute as a solo instrument adaptable to a wide range of music, from Baroque masterpieces and English folk songs to improvised jazz. Rampal was the son

Jean-Pierre Rampal was a French flutist who brought the flute to new prominence as a concert instrument and demonstrated the appropriateness of the flute as a solo instrument adaptable to a wide range of music, from Baroque masterpieces and English folk songs to improvised jazz. Rampal was the son

Brie Larson: …teenagers in the crime thriller Rampart (2011) and the comedy 21 Jump Street (2012) before undertaking both her first starring role and her first adult role, as a supervisor in a group home for troubled teens, in Short Term 12 (2013). She acted with Mark Wahlberg in The Gambler (2014)…

Mars: Southern cratered highlands: A rampart crater is so named because the lobes of ejecta—the material thrown out from the crater and extending around it—are bordered with a low ridge, or rampart. The ejecta apparently flowed across the ground, which may indicate that it had a mudlike consistency. Some scientists…

Rampart scandal, official inquiry (1998–2000) into corruption among officers of the Rampart Division of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). More than 70 officers were implicated in misconduct, including unprovoked beatings and shootings, planting and covering up evidence, stealing and dealing

Mackenzie River: The lower course: …perpendicular limestone cliffs known as The Ramparts. North of Fort Good Hope, the Mackenzie crosses the Arctic Circle. It is slightly entrenched and meanders across its flat valley floor, its banks being 2 to 3 miles (3.2 to 4.8 km) apart; low islands are numerous, and shifting sandbars are a…

Commission on Global Governance: …of the Commonwealth of Nations Shridath Ramphal of Guyana to cochair the commission. Together they presented the proposal for the commission to United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who assured them of his support for their project of reassessing multilateral action.

toucan, (family Ramphastidae), the common name given to numerous species of tropical American forest birds known for their large and strikingly coloured bills. The term toucan—derived from tucano, a native Brazilian term for the bird—is used in the common name of about 15 species (Ramphastos and

toucan: …cm (24 inches) long, are Ramphastos species. An example common in zoos is the red-breasted (also called green-billed) toucan (R. dicolorus) of Amazonia. Another common zoo resident is the keel-billed toucan (R. sulfuratus), which is about 50 cm (20 inches) long. It is mainly black with lemon yellow on the…

toucan: …common in zoos is the red-breasted (also called green-billed) toucan (R. dicolorus) of Amazonia. Another common zoo resident is the keel-billed toucan (R. sulfuratus), which is about 50 cm (20 inches) long. It is mainly black with lemon yellow on the face, throat, and chest, bright red under the tail,…

toucan: …common zoo resident is the keel-billed toucan (R. sulfuratus), which is about 50 cm (20 inches) long. It is mainly black with lemon yellow on the face, throat, and chest, bright red under the tail, and multicoloured markings on the bill.

toucan: …several species, such as the chestnut-mandibled toucan, the fiery-billed aracari, and the yellow-ridged toucan, describe their beaks, which are often brightly coloured in pastel shades of green, red, white, and yellow. This coloration is probably used by the birds for species recognition, as many toucans have similar body patterns and…

Mamphela Ramphele is a South African activist, physician, academic, businesswoman, and political leader known for her activism efforts for the rights of black South Africans and her fight against South Africa’s discriminatory policies of apartheid. She founded a political party, Agang SA, in 2013.

Mamphela Ramphele is a South African activist, physician, academic, businesswoman, and political leader known for her activism efforts for the rights of black South Africans and her fight against South Africa’s discriminatory policies of apartheid. She founded a political party, Agang SA, in 2013.

passeriform: Bill: …with a horny sheath, the ramphotheca. The ramphotheca is worn down by normal use and, in most birds, is capable of growing to replace the lost material. In individuals with damaged bills or those (such as cage birds) that do not have the opportunity to wear down the constantly growing…

blind snake: …tropics; however, one species, the flowerpot snake (Ramphotyphlops braminus), now occurs on many oceanic islands and all continents except Antarctica. It gained its worldwide distribution through its presence in the soil of potted plants and because of parthenogenesis, a form of reproduction that does not require fertilization to produce offspring.…

bellflower: Rampion (C. rapunculus) is a Eurasian and North African biennial grown for its turniplike roots and leaves, which are eaten in salads for their biting flavour. It produces ascending clusters of long-stalked lilac bells and has basal, broadly oval leaves that form a rosette around…

rampion, any member of the genus Phyteuma, of the bellflower family (Campanulaceae), consisting of about 40 species of perennial plants with long, clustered, hornlike buds and flowers. The genus is native to sunny fields and meadows of the Mediterranean region. Round-headed rampion (P. oribiculare)

Anne Rice was an American author known for her novels about vampires and other supernatural creatures. Her notable books included Interview with a Vampire (1976), which launched the bestselling Vampire Chronicles series. Rice was christened Howard Allen O’Brien but hated her first name so much that

Charlotte Rampling is a prolific English actress known for taking on seductive and complicated roles, including as a concentration camp survivor who has a sadomasochistic relationship with a former SS officer in the controversial 1974 film The Night Porter. Rampling has been in more than 100 movies

Charlotte Rampling is a prolific English actress known for taking on seductive and complicated roles, including as a concentration camp survivor who has a sadomasochistic relationship with a former SS officer in the controversial 1974 film The Night Porter. Rampling has been in more than 100 movies

Mariano Rampolla was an Italian prelate who played a notable role in the liberalization of the Vatican under Leo XIII. On completing his studies at the Capranica College in Rome and taking orders, Rampolla trained for a diplomatic career in the church at the College of Ecclesiastical Nobles. In

Ramprasad Sen was a Shakta poet-saint of Bengal. Not much is known with certainty about his life. Legends abound, however, all of which are meant to highlight Ramprasad’s all-encompassing love for and devotion to the goddess Shakti. One such tale concerns the poet’s early career as a clerk for an

Rampur, city, northwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. The city lies along the Kosi River, about 15 miles (24 km) east-southeast of Moradabad. Rampur is a road and rail junction, with connections to Moradabad and Bareilly (southeast). It is a trade centre for grain and other agricultural

Rajshahi, city, west-central Bangladesh. It lies just north of the upper Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River) and of the border with West Bengal state in India. Rajshahi was selected by the Dutch in the early 18th century as the site of a factory (trading post) and was constituted a municipality

South Asian arts: Mauryan period (c. 3rd century bce): …are found at Vaishali (Bakhra), Rampurva, and Lauriya Nandangarh. The Vaishali pillar is heavy and squat, and the animal lacks the verve of the other animals—features, according to some, designating it as an early work, executed before the Mauryan style attained its maturity. By contrast, the Rampurva lion, finished with…

André De Toth: …he made the hard-boiled western Ramrod (1947), featuring Joel McCrea and Veronica Lake (to whom De Toth was married from 1944 to 1952), and Pitfall (1948), a film noir starring Dick Powell as a straying husband and Lizabeth Scott as the treacherous woman who turns his life upside down. Slattery’s…

Leopold I: Introducing the iron ramrod (wooden ones tended to break in the heat of battle), the modern bayonet (replacing the plug bayonet that had to be removed from the barrel to fire the weapon), and the uniform marching step in his own regiment in the late 1690s, he extended…

Shahpura: …was the seat of the Ramsanehi (“Lovers of Rama”), a medieval sect of Hindu mendicants, and was the capital of the princely state of Shahpura. The princely state became part of the state of Rajasthan in 1949.

Keta: …placed on its list of Wetlands of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, and in 1999 work began on measures to limit further erosion and to control flooding of the coastal region. Pop. (2010) 147,618.

Sir John Sealy Townsend: …Carl Ramsauer, he discovered the Ramsauer–Townsend effect: that the mean free path of electrons depends on their energy. This effect was later of extreme importance in understanding the electron’s wavelike nature as described in the quantum theory.

Ramsay family, fictional characters, the protagonists of Virginia Woolf’s experimental novel To the Lighthouse (1927). Based partly on Woolf’s father, Sir Leslie Stephen, Mr. Ramsay is a philosophy professor who is esteemed by his students as an inspiring intellect but is disliked by his eight

Edinburgh: The modern city: Ramsay Gardens, an extraordinary mixture of English cottage and Scottish baronial styles at the top of the High Street just below the Castle Esplanade, was designed for the professoriat of the university. It is one of the few tangible symbols of what came to be…

Allan Ramsay was a Scottish-born painter, one of the foremost 18th-century British portraitists. The son of the poet and literary antiquary Allan Ramsay, he received rudimentary artistic training in Edinburgh and then went to London and worked with the Swedish portrait painter Hans Hysing (1734).

Allan Ramsay was a Scottish poet and literary antiquary who maintained national poetic traditions by writing Scots poetry and by preserving the work of earlier Scottish poets at a time when most Scottish writers had been Anglicized. He was admired by Robert Burns as a pioneer in the use of Scots in

Bertram Home Ramsay was a British naval officer who, during World War II, oversaw the evacuation of British forces from Dunkirk in 1940 and then commanded the naval forces used in the Normandy Invasion (1944). Ramsay became a midshipman in the Royal Navy in 1899 and commanded a destroyer in World

Charlotte Lennox was an English novelist whose work, especially The Female Quixote, was much admired by leading literary figures of her time, including Samuel Johnson and the novelists Henry Fielding and Samuel Richardson. Charlotte Ramsay was the daughter of a British army officer who was said to

Buffalo Sabres: Along with left wing Craig Ramsay, the French Connection helped the Sabres run off four straight second-place divisional finishes between 1975–76 and 1978–79, but the team advanced no farther than the NHL quarterfinals during that span. Buffalo fared slightly better in the early 1980s, with consecutive division titles in…

Fox Maule Ramsay, 11th earl of Dalhousie was a British secretary of state for war (1855–58) who shared the blame for the conduct of the last stage of the Crimean War. Originally named Fox Maule, he became 2nd Baron Panmure in 1852 and the earl of Dalhousie in 1860. In 1861 he assumed the Dalhousie

Gordon Ramsay is a Scottish chef and restaurateur known for his highly acclaimed restaurants and cookbooks but perhaps best known in the early 21st century for the profanity and fiery temper that he freely displayed on television cooking programs. As a young boy, Ramsay moved with his family from

James Andrew Broun Ramsay, marquess and 10th earl of Dalhousie was a British governor-general of India from 1847 to 1856, who is accounted the creator both of the map of modern India, through his conquests and annexations of independent provinces, and of the centralized Indian state. So radical

Sir William Ramsay was a British physical chemist who discovered four gases (neon, argon, krypton, xenon) and showed that they (with helium and radon) formed an entire family of new elements, the noble gases. He was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize for Chemistry in recognition of this achievement.

Jesse Ramsden was a British pioneer in the design of precision tools. Ramsden was apprenticed as a boy to a cloth worker, but in 1758 he apprenticed himself to a mathematical instrument maker. He went into business for himself in London in 1762. He designed dividing engines of great accuracy for

Christian Jacq: The Ramses books are filled with stories of battles, magic, sex, and adventure. Enthralled fans lined up outside bookstores as each new volume was released, and Jacq was given much of the credit for a significant increase in the number of French tourists traveling to Egypt…

Ramses I was a king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1292–90 bce), founder of the 19th dynasty (c. 1292–c. 1191 bce) of Egypt. Probably descended from a nonroyal military family from the northeast Egyptian delta, Ramses found favor with Horemheb, the last king of the 18th dynasty (c. 1539–c. 1292 bce),

Ramses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty (1292–1191 bce) of ancient Egypt whose reign (1279–1213 bce) was the second longest in Egyptian history. In addition to his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he is known for his extensive building programs and for the many colossal statues of him

Ramses III was the king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1187–57 bce) who defended his country against foreign invasion in three great wars, thus ensuring tranquility during much of his reign. In his final years, however, he faced internal disturbances, and he was ultimately killed in an attempted coup

Ramses IV was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1156–50 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who strove through extensive building activity to maintain Egypt’s prosperity in an era of deteriorating internal and external conditions. Upon his accession, Ramses compiled a lengthy document (the Harris

Ramses IX was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1129–11 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077), during whose reign serious civil problems troubled Egypt. Amenhotep, the high priest of Amon, exercised many religious and governmental functions in Thebes while Ramses IX remained almost continuously at

Ramses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty (1292–1191 bce) of ancient Egypt whose reign (1279–1213 bce) was the second longest in Egyptian history. In addition to his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he is known for his extensive building programs and for the many colossal statues of him

Ramses V was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1149–46 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who died relatively young, perhaps of smallpox. Ramses V was the successor and probably the son of Ramses IV and reigned only briefly. The priesthood of Amon was ascendant during the reign of Ramses V: as

Ramses VI was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1145–39 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who succeeded to the throne after the early death of his nephew, Ramses V. Evidence indicates that Ramses VI was probably a son of Ramses III. After taking the throne, he annexed the tomb of his

Ramses VII was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1138–31 bce) during the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) who was probably the son of Ramses VI. His reign is known chiefly from several important economics papyri. Two documents, one a ship’s log and the other an account concerning the shipment of grain

Ramses VIII was a king of Egypt (c. 1130 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077) whose ephemeral reign occurred immediately after that of Ramses VII and is poorly documented. Some modern historians place this king before Ramses VII, following the list of princes—descendants of Ramses III,

Ramses X was a king of Egypt (c. 1110–07 bce) of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077), during whose poorly documented reign disorders that had become endemic under his predecessor continued. Only one year of his reign is definitely attested, by a diary from his third year, found in western Thebes. It

Ramses XI was a king of ancient Egypt (c. 1106–c. 1077 bce), the last king of the 20th dynasty (c. 1190–c. 1077 bce), whose reign was marked by civil wars involving the high priest of Amon and the viceroy of Nubia. At the end of his reign, new dynasties were founded in Upper and Lower Egypt. During

Ramsey, town (parish), Huntingdonshire district, administrative county of Cambridgeshire, historic county of Huntingdonshire, east-central England. The town serves an intensively cultivated hinterland on the southwest border of the Fens, a reclaimed region adjoining the North Sea. Ramsey developed

St. Oswald of York: …many new monasteries, Oswald founded Ramsey Abbey, Huntingdonshire, on a site provided by Aethelwine, ealdorman of East Anglia. From Ramsey, which had close ties with Fleury and became a great religious centre, Oswald founded several other Benedictine houses, including those at Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, and at Pershore, Worcestershire. He also brought…

Michael Ramsey, Baron Ramsey of Canterbury was the archbishop of Canterbury (1961–74), theologian, educator, and advocate of Christian unity. His meeting with Pope Paul VI (March 1966) was the first encounter between the leaders of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches since their separation in

combinatorics: Ramsey’s numbers: If X = {1, 2,…, n} and if T, the family of all subsets of X containing exactly r distinct elements, is divided into two mutually exclusive families α and β, the following conclusion that was originally obtained by the British mathematician Frank…

combinatorics: Ramsey’s numbers: If X = {1, 2,…, n} and if T, the family of all subsets of X containing exactly r distinct elements, is divided into two mutually exclusive families α and β, the following conclusion that was originally obtained by the British mathematician Frank…

Michael Ramsey, Baron Ramsey of Canterbury was the archbishop of Canterbury (1961–74), theologian, educator, and advocate of Christian unity. His meeting with Pope Paul VI (March 1966) was the first encounter between the leaders of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches since their separation in

Bella Ramsey is an English actor with a penchant for portraying strong-willed young women. Ramsey is best known for their breakout roles in Game of Thrones (2016–19) and The Last of Us (2023– ). About age four Ramsey began taking acting classes at a Stagecoach Performing Arts school in

Ed Ramsey was a U.S. Army cavalry officer and guerrilla fighter. He led the last horse-mounted cavalry charge in U.S. military history, against Japanese forces in the Philippines during World War II. Ramsey attended the Oklahoma Military Academy (now Rogers State University) in Claremore, Oklahoma,

Ed Ramsey was a U.S. Army cavalry officer and guerrilla fighter. He led the last horse-mounted cavalry charge in U.S. military history, against Japanese forces in the Philippines during World War II. Ramsey attended the Oklahoma Military Academy (now Rogers State University) in Claremore, Oklahoma,

Boston Celtics: …Hall of Famers that included Frank Ramsey, Ed Macauley, Bill Sharman, ball-handling wizard Bob Cousy, Tom Heinsohn, dominating center Bill Russell (five times the league’s Most Valuable Player), and later Sam Jones,

Ludwig Wittgenstein: Braithwaite and Frank Ramsey and the other based in Vienna and including Moritz Schlick, Friedrich Waismann, and other logical positivists later collectively known as the Vienna Circle. Both groups tried to make contact with Wittgenstein. Frank Ramsey made two trips to Puchberg—the small Austrian village in which…

Bella Ramsey is an English actor with a penchant for portraying strong-willed young women. Ramsey is best known for their breakout roles in Game of Thrones (2016–19) and The Last of Us (2023– ). About age four Ramsey began taking acting classes at a Stagecoach Performing Arts school in

Michael Ramsey, Baron Ramsey of Canterbury was the archbishop of Canterbury (1961–74), theologian, educator, and advocate of Christian unity. His meeting with Pope Paul VI (March 1966) was the first encounter between the leaders of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches since their separation in

Buffalo Sabres: …the play of all-star defenseman Mike Ramsey, the Sabres qualified for the postseason nine times in the 11 seasons from 1981–82 to 1991–92 but were able to win only a single series over the course of those nine playoff appearances. In 1992 the team acquired goaltender Dominik Hašek, who would…

Norman Foster Ramsey was an American physicist who received one-half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1989 for his development of a technique to induce atoms to shift from one specific energy level to another. (The other half of the prize was awarded to Wolfgang Paul and Hans Georg Dehmelt.)

Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse: Reception and influence: …one of the film’s directors, Peter Ramsey, spoke of the film’s cultural importance: “It means a lot for young Black and Latino kids to see themselves up on screen in these iconic, heroic, mythic stories. It’s a need being fulfilled.” Ramsey himself made history as the first African American to…

Ramsgate, town, Thanet district, administrative and historic county of county of Kent, England. It lies on the east coast and is the reputed landing place of the invading Anglo-Saxon warriors Hengist and Horsa (449 ce) and of the Christian missionary St. Augustine (597). The fishing hamlet of

gastropod: Classification: Limpets (Ancylidae), ramshorns (Planorbidae), and pond snails (Physidae); all restricted to freshwater habitats. Superorder Stylommatophora Mantle cavity a pulmonary sac; gonopores with common opening on right side or at most narrowly separated; shell conical to vestigial, heavily to weakly calcified; eyes at tips of upper (usually) tentacles;

Solomon Islands: The Tensions (1998–2003): ethnic violence, 2000 coup, arrival of RAMSI, and 2001 election: …response, they formed a multinational Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), led by Australia. RAMSI deployed troops in July to help maintain order.

philosophy of mind: Functionalism: …invoked a technique, called “ramsification” (named for the British philosopher Frank Ramsey [1903–30]), whereby a set of new terms could be defined by reference to their relations to each other and to other old terms already understood. Ramsification was based on an idea that had already been noted by…

Ramtha’s School of Enlightenment: …study of the teachings of Ramtha, a spiritual being who is purportedly “channeled” by—i.e., speaks through the mediumship of—the school’s leader, JZ Knight. Ramtha’s school draws more than 3,000 students from more than 20 countries.

Ramtha’s School of Enlightenment, centre in rural Washington state for the study of the teachings of Ramtha, a spiritual being who is purportedly “channeled” by—i.e., speaks through the mediumship of—the school’s leader, JZ Knight. Ramtha’s school draws more than 3,000 students from more than 20

Ramu River, river on the island of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. One of the longest rivers in the country, it rises in the east on the Kratke Range and flows northwest through the great Central Depression, where it receives numerous streams draining the Bismarck (south)

jaw: Two vertical portions (rami) form movable hinge joints on either side of the head, articulating with the glenoid cavity of the temporal bone of the skull. The rami also provide attachment for muscles important in chewing. The centre front of the arch is thickened and buttressed to form…

Petrus Ramus was a French philosopher, logician, and rhetorician. Educated at Cuts and later at the Collège de Navarre, in Paris, Ramus became master of arts in 1536. He taught a reformed version of Aristotelian logic at the Collège du Mans, in Paris, and at the Collège de l’Ave Maria, where he

Giovanni Battista Ramusio was an Italian geographer who compiled an important collection of travel writings, Delle navigationi et viaggi (1550–59; “Some Voyages and Travels”), containing his version of Marco Polo’s journey and the Descrittione de l’Africa (“Description of Africa”) by the Moor Leo

Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz was a Swiss novelist whose realistic, poetic, and somewhat allegorical stories of man against nature made him one of the most prominent French-Swiss writers of the 20th century. A city boy, heir to a refined, middle-class culture, Ramuz nonetheless chose to write about

A24: Television: The Hulu original series, Ramy (2019– ), earned stand-up comedian Ramy Youssef a 2020 Golden Globe award for best performance by an actor in a television series (musical or comedy) for his semi-autobiographical portrayal of a first-generation Egyptian American navigating his spirituality in a politically divided New Jersey neighborhood.…

Kurosawa Akira: Later works of Kurosawa Akira: Kurosawa’s next film, Ran (1985; “Chaos”), was an even more successful samurai epic. An adaptation of Shakespeare’s King Lear set in 16th-century Japan, the film uses sons instead of daughters as the aging monarch’s ungrateful children. Ran was acclaimed as one of Kurosawa’s greatest films in the grandeur…

Philadelphia Orchestra: …works by contemporary composers, including Shulamit Ran, and appointed the orchestra’s first composer-in-residence, Bernard Rands. Muti also led concert performances of operas.

Rana, geographic region, northern Norway, surrounding the Rana Fjord. It is centred on the industrial town of Mo i Rana at the mouth of the Rana River, along which run the only road and rail line from southern to northern Norway. In 1990 the National Library in Oslo established a branch at Mo i

circulatory system: Amphibians: In the frog, Rana, venous blood is driven into the right atrium of the heart by contraction of the sinus venosus, and it flows into the left atrium from the lungs. A wave of contraction then spreads over the whole atrium and drives blood into the ventricle, where…

green frog, (subspecies Rana clamitans melanota), common aquatic frog (family Ranidae) found in ponds, streams, and other bodies of fresh water in the northeastern United States. The green frog is 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) long and green to brownish in colour. The back and legs are

green frog: …race of this species, the bronze frog (R. c. clamitans), is found in such places as swamps and streamsides of the southeastern United States. It is brown above and grows to about 8.5 cm (3.3 inches). Its call, like that of the green frog, is a sharp, twanging note. The…

Rana era, (1846–1951) in Nepal, the period during which control of the government lay in the hands of the Rana family. Jung Bahadur (1817–77) seized power in 1846 and made himself permanent prime minister. He was given the hereditary title of Rana. Under the Ranas, Nepal maintained relations with

Rana era, (1846–1951) in Nepal, the period during which control of the government lay in the hands of the Rana family. Jung Bahadur (1817–77) seized power in 1846 and made himself permanent prime minister. He was given the hereditary title of Rana. Under the Ranas, Nepal maintained relations with

Rana era: …in the hands of the Rana family. Jung Bahadur (1817–77) seized power in 1846 and made himself permanent prime minister. He was given the hereditary title of Rana. Under the Ranas, Nepal maintained relations with the British, who provided it with support. When the British withdrew from India in 1947,…