Claudian: …minor contains the mythological epic Raptus Proserpinae (“The Rape of Proserpine”), on which Claudian’s medieval fame largely depended. The second book of the epic has an elegiac epistle addressed to Florentinus, the city prefect, and reflects Claudian’s interest in the Eleusinian mysteries.

Buchi Emecheta: Perhaps her strongest work, The Rape of Shavi (1983), is also the most difficult to categorize. Set in an imaginary idyllic African kingdom, it explores the dislocations that occur when a plane carrying Europeans seeking to escape an imminent nuclear disaster crashes.

Alessandro Tassoni: …poem La secchia rapita (The Rape of the Bucket), the earliest and, according to most critics, the best of many Italian works in that genre.

The Rape of the Lock, mock-epic poem in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope. The first version, published in 1712, consisted of two cantos; the final version, published in 1714, was expanded to five cantos. Based on an actual incident and written to reconcile the families that had been estranged by

Jacques-Louis David: Later years: 1794–1825: …with a new giant canvas, The Sabines. The picture represents the moment in the story when, a few years after their abduction, the Sabine women, now contented wives and mothers, halt a battle between their Roman husbands and the Sabine men who have come on an unwanted rescue mission. In…

Giambologna: Rape of a Sabine (1579–83; Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence), while uncluttered and monumental, is even more complex. The composition is subtly designed so that it can be viewed from any side with equal effect. In his fountain Mercury (c. 1580; Bargello, Florence) Giambologna uses the…

Ana Mendieta: Moffitt Building Piece, Rape Scene, and Silueta series: …collections around the world as Rape Scene (1973).

rape shield law, statute or court rule, introduced in the late 20th century, which limits the ability of the defendant’s counsel to introduce the accuser’s sexual history as evidence during a rape trial and therefore can prevent the accuser from being discredited by information that is not relevant

rapeseed, (Brassica napus, variety napus), plant of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) grown for its seeds, which yield canola, or rapeseed, oil. Canola oil is variously used in cooking, as an ingredient in soap and margarine, and as a lamp fuel (colza oil). The esterified form of the oil is used as

canola oil, vegetable oil made from the pressed seeds of rapeseed (Brassica napus variety napus), a relative of turnips and cabbage in the mustard family. Rapeseed oil has long been used in industry as a lubricant for engines and other machine parts, but, because of its high level of potentially

titanosaur: …addition, some titanosaurs, such as Rapetosaurus and Saltasaurus, have been shown to have possessed osteoderms (armoured plates).

Raphael, in the Bible, one of the archangels. In the apocryphal Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) Book of Tobit, he is the one who, in human disguise and under the name of Azarias (“Yahweh helps”), accompanied Tobias in his adventurous journey and conquered the demon Asmodeus. He is said (Tobit 12:15)

Raphael was a master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His School of Athens in the Stanza della Segnatura, a room in Pope Julius II’s private apartments in the Vatican, is perhaps the

doula: In 1973 American medical anthropologist Dana Raphael used the term doula in the context of breastfeeding by new mothers, the success of which in certain populations appeared to depend on support by other women who often came from outside of the mother’s family. The term gradually came to also refer…

Donato Bramante: Roman period of Donato Bramante: …design was that of the Palazzo Caprini (House of Raphael; later destroyed) in the Borgo, which became the model for many 16th-century palaces. This palazzo was later acquired by Raphael. According to Vasari, Bramante, about 1509, had designed the architectural background for the School of Athens by Raphael (1508–11; Vatican,…

Ernst Lubitsch: Transition to sound: …contributors to the screenplay was Samson Raphaelson, who would collaborate frequently with Lubitsch throughout the director’s career. Lubitsch’s follow-up to The Smiling Lieutenant, the sombre antiwar drama Broken Lullaby (1932; also released as The Man I Killed), with Lionel Barrymore, was praised for its brilliant camera work, but with his…

Brassicales: Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, and Cleomaceae: Thus, Raphanus (the radish genus) and Brassica (including broccoli and many other cruciferous vegetables) apparently have very different fruits. In the former, they split transversely into one-seeded segments, and in the latter they open in an ordinary fashion to release the individual seeds. Nonetheless, the two…

wild radish, (Raphanus raphanistrum), widespread annual plant of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia. Wild radish has naturalized throughout much of the world and is a noxious agricultural weed in many places. The plant is believed by some authorities to be the ancestor of the

radish, (Raphanus sativus), annual or biennial plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), grown for its large succulent taproot. The common radish is likely of Asian or Mediterranean origin and is cultivated worldwide. Radish roots are low in calories and are usually eaten raw; the young leaves

daikon, (Raphanus sativus, variety longipinnatus), type of radish (family Brassicaceae) native to East Asia and cultivated for its edible white root. It can be used raw in much the same way as other radishes, and it is an important ingredient in the cookery of Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, and

scrotum: …a middle ridge called the raphe. Internally, the raphe connects to a muscular partition, the septum, which serves to divide the scrotum into its two areas.

palm: Distribution: …Africa, Elaeis (oil palm) and Raphia (raffia palm, or jupati) in Africa and America, and Borassus (palmyra palm), Calamus (rattan palm), Hyphaene (doum palm), and Phoenix (date palm) in Africa and Asia. Numbers of individuals of a species may be few or many.

Rafah, city along the border of the Gaza Strip and Egypt that, for most of the 20th and into the 21st century, has been bisected with an eastern half in the Gaza area and a western half in Egypt. In 2023–24 Gazans displaced by the Israel-Hamas War crowded into the city as it became the final refuge

palm: Economic importance: …rain capes, baskets, raffia (Raphia farinifera), hats, hammocks, and the fibre known as piassava.

palm: Distribution: …areas; other species of the raffia palm dominate similar habitats in West Africa. The raffia palm occurs in nearly pure stands between marsh and dicotyledonous swamp forests along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Costa Rica, and Mauritia flexuosa is found in vast stands in inland parts of the Amazon…

palm: Distribution: In the Amazon estuary Raphia taedigera covers extensive areas; other species of the raffia palm dominate similar habitats in West Africa. The raffia palm occurs in nearly pure stands between marsh and dicotyledonous swamp forests along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Costa Rica, and Mauritia flexuosa is found…

columbiform: Annotated classification: Family Raphidae (dodoes and solitaires) Extinct but with no fossil record. Flightless, with much reduced furculum and wing, fused coracoid and scapula and no basipterygoid processes. Large; weight probably exceeded 10 kg (22 pounds). Limited to Mascarene Islands. 3 species.

dumb cane: …with stinging crystals, known as raphides, that are composed of calcium oxalate. If chewed or ingested, the raphides and sap of the plant can irritate the mucous membranes and cause swelling and inflammation of the tongue and throat. The plant is considered to be toxic to cats, though ingestion is…

snakefly, (order Raphidiodea or Raphidioptera), any of more than 175 species of insects that are easily recognized by their small head and long, slender “neck,” which is actually the elongated prothorax. The snakefly, about 15 mm (0.6 inch) long, has two pairs of similar, net-veined wings, long

snakefly, (order Raphidiodea or Raphidioptera), any of more than 175 species of insects that are easily recognized by their small head and long, slender “neck,” which is actually the elongated prothorax. The snakefly, about 15 mm (0.6 inch) long, has two pairs of similar, net-veined wings, long

algae: Annotated classification: Class Raphidophyceae (Chloromonadophyceae) Flagellates with mucocysts (mucilage-releasing bodies) occasionally found in freshwater or marine environments; fewer than 50 species; includes Chattonella, Gonyostomum, Heterosigma, Psammamonas, and Vacuolaria. Class Synurophyceae

dodo, (Raphus cucullatus), extinct flightless bird of Mauritius (an island of the Indian Ocean), one of the three species that constituted the family Raphidae, usually placed with pigeons in the order Columbiformes but sometimes separated as an order (Raphiformes). The other two species, also found

dodo: …Ocean, were the solitaires (Raphus solitarius of Réunion and Pezophaps solitaria of Rodrigues). The birds were first seen by Portuguese sailors about 1507 and were exterminated by humans and their introduced animals. The dodo was extinct by 1681, the Réunion solitaire by 1746, and the Rodrigues solitaire by about

information system: Internal information systems development: In various RAD methodologies a prototype—a preliminary working version of an application—is built quickly and inexpensively, albeit imperfectly. This prototype is turned over to the users, their reactions are collected, suggested modifications are incorporated, and successive prototype versions eventually evolve into the complete system. Formal processes for…

Rapid City, city, seat (1877) of Pennington county, western South Dakota, U.S. It lies at the eastern edge of the Black Hills on Rapid Creek, from which it derived its name. It was settled in 1876 during the Black Hills gold rush. In the beginning the community grew slowly, and there was often

REM sleep, one of two phases in the sleep cycle, in which a person experiences dreams, atonia (reduced muscle tone), irregular closed eye movements, and elevated levels of brain activity. The other phase of the human sleep cycle is known as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. A single sleep cycle,

wastewater treatment: Land treatment: In the rapid infiltration method, the wastewater is stored in large ponds called recharge basins. Most of it percolates to the groundwater, and very little is absorbed by vegetation. For this method to work, soils must be highly permeable. In overland flow, wastewater is sprayed onto an…

chemical element: Neutron capture: …be distinguished: the r -process, rapid neutron capture; and the s -process, slow neutron capture. If neutrons are added to a stable nucleus, it is not long before the product nucleus becomes unstable and the neutron is converted into a proton. Outside a nucleus, a neutron decays into a proton…

syphilis test: Nontreponemal tests include the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, both of which are based on the detection in the blood of syphilis reagin (a type of serum antibody). Treponemal tests include the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA; or T. pallidum particle

chemical element: Neutron capture: …be distinguished: the r -process, rapid neutron capture; and the s -process, slow neutron capture. If neutrons are added to a stable nucleus, it is not long before the product nucleus becomes unstable and the neutron is converted into a proton. Outside a nucleus, a neutron decays into a proton…

Evelyn Wood: …a widely used system of high-speed reading.

Victoria and Albert Museum: …pioneered a program of so-called rapid response collecting, wherein the museum promptly acquired objects from significant moments in recent history. Pieces include the pussyhat, a knitted pink hat worn by participants in the 2017 Women’s March, and an Xbox adaptive controller, a device released in 2018 to improve the accessibility…

Bob Feller was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher whose fastball made him a frequent leader in games won and strikeouts during his 18-year career with the Cleveland Indians (now the Cleveland Guardians) of the American League (AL). Feller made his major league debut at

water supply system: Filtration: …are in use: slow and rapid. Slow filters require much more surface area than rapid filters and are difficult to clean. Most modern water-treatment plants now use rapid dual-media filters following coagulation and sedimentation. A dual-media filter consists of a layer of anthracite coal above a layer of fine sand.…

rapid transit, system of railways, usually electric, that is used for local transit in a metropolitan area. A rapid transit line may run underground (subway), above street level (elevated transit line), or at street level. Rapid transit is distinguished from other forms of mass transit by its

World War I: Technology of war in 1914: …the machine gun and the rapid-fire field artillery gun. The modern machine gun, which had been developed in the 1880s and ’90s, was a reliable belt-fed gun capable of sustained rates of extremely rapid fire; it could fire 600 bullets per minute with a range of more than 1,000 yards…

cement: Types of portland cement: … (Type I), modified (Type II), high-early-strength (Type III), low-heat (Type IV), and sulfate-resistant (Type V). In other countries Type II is omitted, and Type III is called rapid-hardening. Type V is known in some European countries as Ferrari cement.

waterfall: …in channel gradient are called rapids.

rocket and missile system: Surface-to-air: …Soviet systems was the British Rapier, a short-range, semimobile system intended primarily for airfield defense. The Rapier missile was fired from a small, rotating launcher that was transported by trailer. In the initial version, deployed in the early 1970s and used with some success in 1982 in the Falklands conflict,…

sword: …his weapon, and the thrust-and-parry rapier came into use.

rapier loom, a shuttleless weaving loom in which the filling yarn is carried through the shed of warp yarns to the other side of the loom by fingerlike carriers called rapiers. One type has a single long rapier that reaches across the loom’s width to carry the filling to the other side. Another

James T. Rapier was a Black planter and labor organizer who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama during Reconstruction. Born in affluence—his father was a wealthy planter—Rapier was educated by private tutors and later studied at Montreal College (Canada), the University

James T. Rapier was a Black planter and labor organizer who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama during Reconstruction. Born in affluence—his father was a wealthy planter—Rapier was educated by private tutors and later studied at Montreal College (Canada), the University

pastoral literature: …in the pastoral convention by René Rapin, whose shepherds were figures of uncomplicated virtue in a simple scene. The “modern” pastoral, deriving from Bernard de Fontenelle, dwelled on the innocence of the contemporary rustic (though not on his miseries). In England the controversy was reflected in a quarrel between Alexander…

Marrucini: …from an inscription, the “Bronze of Rapino” (c. 250 bc). It is written in the Latin alphabet but in a dialect of the Northern Oscan group, which included the Paeligni and Vestini.

Megan Rapinoe is a former football (soccer) player who is regarded as one of the sport’s legendary athletes, known for her play on the field and her activism off it. A leading winger, she helped the U.S. Women’s National Team (USWNT) win two Women’s World Cups (2015 and 2019) as well as a gold

Megan Rapinoe is a former football (soccer) player who is regarded as one of the sport’s legendary athletes, known for her play on the field and her activism off it. A leading winger, she helped the U.S. Women’s National Team (USWNT) win two Women’s World Cups (2015 and 2019) as well as a gold

Rapithwin, in Zoroastrianism, personification of summer and noonday, the time of the midday meal. The New Year festival, Noruz, is celebrated in Rapithwin’s honor as a solemn and joyful celebration of new life in nature and the anticipated resurrection of the body at the end of

RAPP, association formed in the Soviet Union in 1928 out of various groups of proletarian writers who were dedicated to defining a truly proletarian literature and to eliminating writers whose works were not thoroughly imbued with Communist ideology. Under the leadership of Leopold Averbakh, RAPP

George Rapp was a German-born American ascetic who founded the Rappites (Harmonists), a Pietist sect that formed communes in the United States. A linen weaver and a lay preacher, “Father” Rapp emigrated to the United States in 1803 to escape persecution. He was joined by about 600 disciples, and by

George Rapp was a German-born American ascetic who founded the Rappites (Harmonists), a Pietist sect that formed communes in the United States. A linen weaver and a lay preacher, “Father” Rapp emigrated to the United States in 1803 to escape persecution. He was joined by about 600 disciples, and by

Rappaccini’s Daughter, allegorical short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, first published in United States Magazine and Democratic Review (December 1844) and collected in Mosses from an Old Manse (1846). Rappaccini, a scholar-scientist in Padua, grows only poisonous plants in his lush garden. His

Rappahannock River, river flowing entirely through Virginia, U.S. It rises near Chester Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains east of Front Royal and flows southeastward past Fredericksburg (head of navigation and of tidewater) to enter Chesapeake Bay after a course of 212 miles (341 km). Its chief

anthropology: Environmental and ecological studies in anthropology: …works in ecological anthropology is Roy Rappaport’s study of the Tsembaga Maring of highland New Guinea. In it he argued that Tsembaga ritual regulated pig husbandry and the incidence of warfare and thereby responded to environmental “feedback” by adjusting human population densities, work effort, food production, and a host of…

rapparee, any of the dispossessed native Irish who employed guerrilla methods to resist the English from the time of the English Civil Wars (1642–51) and more especially after the regular Irish army had surrendered in the Jacobite war (1689–91) in Ireland. They were termed rapparees after their

snuff: Rappee (French râpé, “grated”) is the name later given to a coarse, pungent snuff made from dark tobacco. Snuff takers carried graters with them. Early 18th-century graters made of ivory and other materials still exist, as do elaborate snuffboxes.

mountaineering: Techniques: …rope in the technique called rappelling. The rope, one end being firmly held or secured, is wrapped around the climber’s body in such a way that it can be fed out by one hand slowly or quickly as desired to lower the body gradually down the face of the rock.

the Sugarhill Gang: Rapper’s Delight: …recorded their first song, “Rapper’s Delight,” in the summer of 1979 in one take. At nearly 15 minutes, the “long version” of the single features the three group members taking turns rapping over a danceable hip-hop track. The song’s chorus, performed by Wonder Mike, opens the recording. Its playful…

Irving Rapper was a British-born American director from Hollywood’s “golden age” who was best known for his literary adaptations, especially Now, Voyager (1942), Deception (1946), and The Corn Is Green (1945), all of which starred Bette Davis. Rapper moved with his family to New York City in the

Rappite, a member of a religious communal group founded in the United States in the early 19th century by about 600 German Pietists under the leadership of George Rapp, a farmer and vine grower. Protesting the growing rationalism of Lutheranism, the group decided to leave Germany for America. Rapp

Maria Ressa: …a Filipino-American journalist who, through Rappler, the Manila-based digital media company for investigative journalism that she co-founded, became known for detailing the weaponization of social media and for exposing government corruption and human rights violations. Her reporting led to a backlash from the Philippine government, and Ressa, who holds dual…

Chicago style: …the Friar’s Society Orchestra, including Leon Rappolo, Paul Mares, George Brunis, and others), a white New Orleans band playing at Chicago’s Friar’s Society.

Ribeauvillé, town, Haut-Rhin département, Grand Est région, northeastern France. It lies below the Vosges Mountains, at the entrance to the valley of the Strengbach stream, 33 miles (53 km) southwest of Strasbourg. Rappoltsweiler, known in the 8th century as Rathaldovilare, passed from the bishops

S. Ansky was a Russian Jewish writer and folklorist best known for his play The Dybbuk. Ansky was educated in a Ḥasidic environment and as a young man was attracted to the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskala) and to the populist doctrines of the Narodniki, a group of socialist revolutionaries. For a time

Catulle Mendès: Rapport sur le mouvement poétique français de 1867–1900 (1902; “Thoughts on the French Poetic Movement of 1867–1900”) is a critical work.

rapporteur, in French civil law, a judge who furnishes a written report on the case at hand to other judges of the court, in which he sets forth the arguments of the parties, specifies the questions of fact and of law raised in the dispute, and lists the evidence on the issue. The position

Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis: …philosopher and physiologist noted for Rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme (1802; “Relations of the Physical and the Moral in Man”), which explained all of reality, including the psychic, mental, and moral aspects of man, in terms of a mechanistic Materialism.

Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard: …le sauvage de l’Aveyron (1807; Reports on the Savage of Aveyron), he explained the methods that he used (1801–05) in trying to train and educate an unsocialized 11-year-old boy who had been found in a forest in Aveyron, south of Paris.

Western music: Cantata and oratorio: …anima e di corpo (The Representation of the Soul and the Body). Produced in Rome in 1600, this work, unlike true oratorio, used actors and costumes. Carissimi and Alessandro Scarlatti were the chief Italian Baroque composers of oratorio, and Heinrich Schütz, a pupil of both Giovanni Gabrieli and Monteverdi…

Ghaghara River: Rapti, and the Little Gandak rivers—all flow into the Ghaghara from the mountains to the north. Together with the Ganges and its tributaries, it has helped form the vast alluvial plain of northern Uttar Pradesh. Along its lower course it is also called the Sarju…

falconiform, (order Falconiformes), any of the group of swift, graceful birds known for their predatory skill as raptors. Included are eagles, condors, buzzards, kites, caracaras, ospreys, harriers, accipiters, vultures, secretary birds, falcons, hawks, and bateleurs. Although seldom abundant,

Boeing Company: History of Boeing Company: …the aircraft was named the F-22 Raptor and was first flown in 1997. In 1996 Boeing and Lockheed Martin received U.S. defense contracts to build competitive technology demonstrators for the Joint Strike Fighter, intended as an affordable, next-generation, multirole fighter for the armed services of the United States and Britain.…

raptor, in general, any bird of prey; the term raptor is sometimes restricted to birds of the order Falconiformes (hawks, eagles, falcons, and their allies). See bird of

dromaeosaur, (family Dromaeosauridae), any of a group of small to medium-sized carnivorous dinosaurs that flourished in Asia and North America during the Cretaceous Period (145.5 million to 65.5 million years ago). Agile, lightly built, and fast-running, these theropods were among the most

tyrannosaur: Classification: …of earlier and smaller tyrannosaurs, Raptorex kriegsteini, is based on a single specimen from the Early Cretaceous of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It stood roughly 3 metres (10 feet) tall, and its weight was roughly 40 to 70 kg (90 to 150 pounds), about one-hundredth the weight of Tyrannosaurus.…

Blondie: …audiences with the single “Rapture.” The Hunter (1982) represented a downturn in record sales. After Stein became seriously ill that year, Blondie disbanded.

Carol Ann Duffy: … (1990), The World’s Wife (1999), Rapture (2005), and Sincerity (2018). During this time she also authored such plays as Take My Husband (1982) and Little Women, Big Boys (1986). At the beginning of the 21st century, much of her work was written for children, including the picture books Underwater Farmyard…

Anita Baker: …producer of her next album, Rapture (1986), which won two Grammy Awards, sold more than five million copies, and spawned two hit singles—“Sweet Love” and “You Bring Me Joy.” The album Giving You the Best That I’ve Got and a three-month tour with Luther Vandross followed in 1988, and Compositions…

the Rapture, in Christianity, the eschatological (concerned with the last things and Endtime) belief that both living and dead believers will ascend into heaven to meet Jesus Christ at the Second Coming (Parousia). The belief in the Rapture emerged from the anticipation that Jesus would return to

Claudian: …minor contains the mythological epic Raptus Proserpinae (“The Rape of Proserpine”), on which Claudian’s medieval fame largely depended. The second book of the epic has an elegiac epistle addressed to Florentinus, the city prefect, and reflects Claudian’s interest in the Eleusinian mysteries.

Al-Raqqah, town, northern Syria, on the Euphrates River just west of its confluence with the Balīkh River. Al-Raqqah is on the site of an ancient Greek city, Nicephorium, and a later Roman fortress and market town, Callinicus. It flourished again in early Arab times when the ʿAbbāsid caliph Hārūn

Raqqah ware, type of Islamic lustreware produced at Al-Raqqah, Syria, between the 9th and 14th centuries. The body of the ware, which is white tending to buff, is coated with a siliceous glaze. Designs, sometimes in relief, tend to be bold. Decoration includes brown lustre and blue and black

Al-Raqqah, town, northern Syria, on the Euphrates River just west of its confluence with the Balīkh River. Al-Raqqah is on the site of an ancient Greek city, Nicephorium, and a later Roman fortress and market town, Callinicus. It flourished again in early Arab times when the ʿAbbāsid caliph Hārūn

Al-Raqqah, town, northern Syria, on the Euphrates River just west of its confluence with the Balīkh River. Al-Raqqah is on the site of an ancient Greek city, Nicephorium, and a later Roman fortress and market town, Callinicus. It flourished again in early Arab times when the ʿAbbāsid caliph Hārūn

dance: Music: In the Middle Eastern raqṣ sharqī, the song or music establishes the mood or narrative situation of the dance, which the performer then interprets through movement. In the Indian bharata natyam the dancer is accompanied by a singer, who marks the movements with a tiny pair of cymbals while…

Vicente García de la Huerta: …and critic whose Neoclassical tragedy Raquel (1778) was once considered the most distinguished tragic drama of 18th-century Spain.

Eduardo Kac: …Kac created another telepresence work, Rara Avis, which consisted of a robotic bird with a camera inside that was positioned in an aviary with live zebra finches. Visitors to the exhibit could don a headset connected to the camera and experience the view inside the aviary.

Tarahumara, Middle American Indians of Barranca de Cobre (“Copper Canyon”), southwestern Chihuahua state, in northern Mexico. Their language, which belongs to the Sonoran division of the Uto-Aztecan family, is most closely related to those of the Yaqui and Mayo. Culturally the Tarahumara show

Antarctica: National rivalries and claims: Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) in 1947–48 to the old U.S. Antarctic Service East Base camp on Marguerite Bay, the peninsula protagonists—British, Argentine, and Chilean—became concerned that the United States might restore its claims.

Selena Gomez: Personal life and Rare Beauty: In 2020 Gomez launched Rare Beauty, a cosmetics company. Four years later it was valued at some $2 billion, and Gomez’s personal net worth was thought to be more than $1 billion.