crowberry: Species: …States and eastern Canada, and red crowberry (E. rubrum) is native to Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands.

ribes: Major species: …and common, or garden or red, currant (R. rubrum).

George Sidney: Bathing Beauty and Anchors Aweigh: The Red Danube (1949) was another unlikely project for Sidney, a plodding Cold War melodrama that featured Janet Leigh as a Russian ballerina hiding in Vienna from KGB agents.

Charlie Sheen: Acting stardom in the 1980s and ’90s: …next film, the action thriller Red Dawn (1984), he joined a cast of other young actors on the brink of stardom, including Patrick Swayze, C. Thomas Howell, Lea Thompson, and Jennifer Grey. During this time Sheen came to be associated with the Brat Pack, the name given to his generational…

Walter Mosley: In A Red Death (1991), set during the McCarthy era, Rawlins is blackmailed by the FBI into spying on a labour union organizer. In White Butterfly (1992) the police call on Rawlins to help investigate the vicious murders of four young women—three Black and one white.…

Red Deer, city, central Alberta, Canada, on the Red Deer River, midway between Calgary (90 miles [145 km] south) and Edmonton. Original settlement began around a ford where the trail from Calgary to Edmonton crossed the river (Red Deer Crossing), a little west of the present site. A militia post,

red deer, (Cervus elaphus), well-known deer, in the family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla), that is native to North America, Europe, Asia, and northwestern Africa and was introduced into New Zealand. The red deer has long been hunted for both sport and food. Found primarily in woodlands, it lives in

k.d. lang: ” While attending Red Deer College, she appeared in a stage production based on the life of American country music legend Patsy Cline. Lang developed a deep interest in the singer, and, after graduating, she helped form the Reclines, a Cline tribute band, in 1983. Their debut album,…

Red Deer River, river in southern Alberta, Canada, a major tributary of the South Saskatchewan River. Rising in the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains in Banff National Park, the river flows northeast and then southeastward for 450 miles (724 km) before entering the South Saskatchewan

Richard Harris: …1960s with films such as Red Desert (1964), Major Dundee (1965), and Hawaii (1966). His role as King Arthur in the film version of Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe’s Broadway hit Camelot (1967) was one with which he was permanently associated and one that he often

Manchester United, English professional football (soccer) team based in Manchester, England. Nicknamed “the Red Devils” for its distinctive red jerseys, it is one of the richest and best-supported football clubs not only in England but in the entire world. The club has won the English top-division

Al-Ahly, Egyptian professional football (soccer) club based in Cairo. Al-Ahly is one of Africa’s most successful and best-supported football clubs. The team is nicknamed the “Red Devils” for its red jerseys. In December 2000 the Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF) awarded Al-Ahly the title of

Disa: Red disa (Disa uniflora), a South African species, bears pink and scarlet flowers and is cultivated as an ornamental.

dhole, (Cuon alpinus), wild Asian carnivore of the dog family (Canidae), found in central and southeastern wooded areas and distinguished structurally by the lack of one pair of lower molars. Its length ranges between 76 and 100 cm (30 and 40 inches), exclusive of the 28–48-centimetre (11–19-inch)

red dog, name for two different simple gambling card games. In one version of red dog—also known as yablon, acey-deucey, and between the sheets—each player puts up an initial stake, and the banker deals two cards faceup. Unless the ranks of the cards are the same or consecutive, the bettors may

Dino De Laurentiis: …produced Manhunter (1986)—later remade as Red Dragon (2002)—Hannibal (2001), and Hannibal Rising (2007).

drum: …as corbina, whiting, weakfish, and channel bass. Many members of the family are food or game fishes. Among the better-known species are the channel bass, or red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), a large, reddish species of the western Atlantic Ocean; the white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) of the eastern Pacific; the freshwater…

Victor Fleming: The 1930s: More popular was Red Dust (1932), arguably the best of several teamings of Clark Gable and Jean Harlow. A major box-office hit, the steamy jungle romance was filmed before censorship rules were tightened, and it featured teasing sexual banter that soon vanished from the screen. Fleming reteamed with…

red dwarf star, the most numerous type of star in the universe and the smallest type of hydrogen-burning star. Red dwarf stars have masses from about 0.08 to 0.6 times that of the Sun. (Objects smaller than red dwarf stars are called brown dwarfs and do not shine through the thermonuclear fusion of

Piers Butler, 8th earl of Ormonde was a leading member of the Butler family in Ireland; he claimed the earldom in 1515, seized the estates, and revived the Butler influence. A cousin of the 7th earl (Thomas Butler), who died without issue, Piers Butler fought for the English against the rebel Irish

Gilbert de Clare, 7th earl of Gloucester was a Welsh nobleman whose belated support of King Henry III of England was a major factor in the collapse of the baronial rebellion led by Simon de Montfort. Gilbert married Alice of Angoulême, niece of King Henry III, succeeded his father (Richard de

echeveria: gibbiflora , red echeveria (E. coccinea), and copper roses (E. multicaulis), are common in Mexican and southwestern American gardens.

slippery elm, Large-leaved elm (Ulmus rubra or U. fulva) of eastern North America that has hard wood and fragrant inner bark. A gluelike substance in the inner bark has long been steeped in water as a remedy for throat ailments, powdered for use in poultices, and chewed as a thirst quencher, among

Cardinal Richelieu was the chief minister to King Louis XIII of France from 1624 to 1642. His major goals, which he largely accomplished, were the establishment of royal absolutism in France and the end of Spanish-Habsburg hegemony in Europe. The family du Plessis de Richelieu was of insignificant

Emma Goldman was an international anarchist who conducted leftist activities in the United States from about 1890 to 1917. Goldman grew up in historic Lithuania, in Königsberg, East Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), and in St. Petersburg. Her formal education was limited, but she read widely and

Shennong, in Chinese mythology, second of the mythical emperors, said to have been born in the 28th century bce with the head of a bull and the body of a man. By inventing the cart and plow, by taming the ox and yoking the horse, and by teaching his people to clear the land with fire, Shennong

Wes Craven: …the werewolf genre; the thriller Red Eye (2005); and the slasher movie My Soul to Take (2010), which was shown in 3-D.

Red Eyebrows, Chinese peasant band that formed in response to the unrest and civil war following the floods and famines that accompanied disastrous changes in the course of the Huang He (Yellow River) between ad 2 and 11. They painted their faces to look like demons, and their leader spoke through

fescue: Red fescue (F. rubra) is used in lawn grass mixtures.

meat processing: Myoglobin content: These fibres are often called red fibres. Therefore, dark meat colour is a result of a relatively high concentration of slow-twitch fibres in the muscle of the animal.

Manfred, baron von Richthofen was Germany’s top aviator and leading ace in World War I. (Read Orville Wright’s 1929 biography of his brother, Wilbur.) Members of a prosperous family, Richthofen and his younger brother Lothar followed their father into military careers. In 1912 Richthofen became a

automobile: The age of steam: The crushing blow was the Locomotives on Highways Act of 1865, which reduced permissible speeds on public roads to 2 miles (3 km) per hour within cities and 4 miles (6 km) per hour in rural areas. This legislation was known as the Red Flag Act because of its requirement…

Hongqi Canal, canal and irrigation system in northern Henan province and in Shanxi province, eastern China. The canal was constructed in 1960–69 to irrigate the poor and infertile area of Linxian county (now Linzhou municipality) in the foothills of the Taihang Mountains west of Anyang. To relieve

quercitron bark: A second variety, known as red flavine, is deposited when an extract of the bark is digested at the boil with dilute acid. These products are used to dye wool mordanted (fixed) with aluminum or tin compounds to bright shades of yellow and orange.

Vasily Dmitrievich Tikhomirov: …Red Poppy (1927; later retitled The Red Flower), the first Soviet ballet incorporating communist doctrine. In addition to choreographing portions of The Red Poppy, Tikhomirov staged revivals of La Bayadère and The Sleeping Beauty (1924) and a new version of Esmeralda (1926). In 1914 he toured as Anna Pavlova’s partner.

red flyer, one of the largest species of kangaroo

Tulsa: …discovery of oil in nearby Red Fork (1901) and Glenn Pool (1905) launched the mid-continent oil and gas boom, and phenomenal growth followed. Hundreds of oil companies now have plants and offices in the city, which was the site of the International Petroleum Exposition (held 1965–80). The main economic activity…

Red Fort, Mughal fort in Old Delhi, India. It was built by Shah Jahān in the mid-17th century and remains a major tourist attraction. The fort was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007. The fort’s massive red sandstone walls, which stand 75 feet (23 metres) high, enclose a complex of

Agra Fort, large 16th-century fortress of red sandstone located on the Yamuna River in the historic city of Agra, west-central Uttar Pradesh, north-central India. It was established by the Mughal emperor Akbar and, in its capacity as both a military base and a royal residence, served as the seat of

red fox, (Vulpes vulpes), species of fox (family Canidae) found throughout Europe, temperate Asia, northern Africa, and North America. It has the largest natural distribution of any land mammal except human beings. First introduced to Australia in the 19th century, it has since established itself

nova: …are aged: one is a red giant and the other a white dwarf. In certain cases, the red giant expands into the gravitational domain of its companion. The gravitational field of the white dwarf is so strong that hydrogen-rich matter from the outer atmosphere of the red giant is pulled…

Beatrice Grimshaw: …best known is the novel The Red Gods Call (1910). Another important novel is The Victorian Family Robinson (1934), and her travel books include From the Fiji to the Cannibal Islands (1907).

goral: …three species of goral: the red goral (Naemorhedus baileyi), which lives in a narrow area between Tibet, Myanmar, and India; the long-tailed goral (N. caudatus), which ranges from southeast Asia up to the Sikhote-Alin mountains of eastern Siberia; and the Himalayan goral (N. goral), which occurs over the entire Himalayan…

goshawk: …genera also called goshawks: the red goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus), a rare Australian bird, brown with relatively long wings and short tail; the chanting goshawks of Africa (two species of Melierax), named for their piping calls during breeding season, large, long-winged, strongly patterned birds of open country that forage on the…

veld: Plant life: …Highveld, dominated by species of red grass. Where the red grass grows on well-drained, fertile soils subject to comparatively light rainfall, it tends to be sweeter (and is consequently called sweetveld) than elsewhere, where it is commonly called sourveld. Sweetvelds are more palatable to livestock than sourvelds, the latter being…

Soviet Union: The Bolshevik coup: …night of October 24–25, Bolshevik Red Guards peacefully occupied strategic points in Petrograd. On the morning of October 25, Lenin, reemerging from his hideaway, issued a declaration in the name of the Military Revolutionary Committee, which had no authority to do so, that the provisional government was overthrown and all…

Red Guards, in Chinese history, groups of militant university and high school students formed into paramilitary units as part of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76). These young people, such as student leader Song Binbin , often wore green jackets similar to the uniforms of the Chinese army at the

patas monkey, (Erythrocebus patas), long-limbed and predominantly ground-dwelling primate found in the grass and scrub regions of West and Central Africa and southeast to the Serengeti plains. The adult male patas monkey has shaggy fur set off by a white mustache and white underparts, and its build

Michelin: The first Red Guide (1900), an aid to travel in France, was a pocket-size, alphabetical listing of French towns of interest that were large enough to contain hotels and garages. It included the prototypical rating symbols for which Michelin has become famous; this now-extensive list of symbols…

hake: tenuis) and the red hake (U. chuss).

hartebeest: The red hartebeest (A. buselaphus caama) of southwest Africa is the most colourful, with extensive black markings setting off a white belly and rump; it has a more elongated head and high horns that curve in a complex pattern and are joined at the base. The…

Red Harvest, first novel written by American master of detective fiction Dashiell Hammett. Originally published as a four-part serial in the monthly magazine Black Mask beginning in November 1927, it first appeared as a novel in 1929. Red Harvest is narrated by a nameless operative of the

Tibet: The Dge-lugs-pa (Yellow Hat sect): Their opponents were the Red Hat Lama, head of a Karma-pa subsect, and his patron the Gtsang king. That phase of rivalry ended inconclusively with the early death of the fourth Dalai Lama and the decline of Tümed Mongol authority in Mongolia. The next came when Güüshi Khan, leader…

Gtsang dynasty: …with the powerful Karma-pa, or Red Hat, order of Buddhists and opposed the new reformed Dge-lugs-pa, or Yellow Hat, Buddhists, who in the 15th and 16th centuries had begun to gain power among those envious of the wealth of the ruling group. The Yellow Hats, however, gained the support of…

Willie Nelson: Outlaw country movement and mainstream success: Beginning with the narrative album Red Headed Stranger (1975), which featured the hit song “Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain,” Nelson became one of the most popular performers in country music. During this period he also established what would become a lifelong friendship with Pres. Jimmy Carter.

Willie Nelson: Outlaw country movement and mainstream success: …song, “On the Road Again”—and Red Headed Stranger (1986), a drama based on his album. In 1985 Nelson participated in the USA for Africa famine-relief charity single “We Are the World” and was among the singers who had a solo part.

Australian Cattle Dog, breed of herding dog developed in the 19th century to work with cattle in the demanding conditions of the Australian Outback. It is called a heeler because it moves cattle by nipping at their feet; this trait was introduced to the breed from the dingo in its ancestry. Breed

red heifer, in Jewish history, unblemished, never-before-yoked animal that was slaughtered and burned to restore ritual purity to those who had become unclean through contact with the dead (Numbers 19). Certain spoils of war and captives were also purified in this way. After the blood of the red

Haleakala: …gently to the summit at Red Hill, 10,023 feet (3,055 metres) high. The heavily eroded terrain of the mountain’s eastern flank has deep valleys and gorges. From the volcano’s rim, lava poured down its flanks to the sea, following the paths of the Ke‘anae and Kaupo valleys. The crater floor,…

hind: …with the exception of the red hind (E. guttatus), which ranges from the Carolinas to Brazil. The rock hind (E. adscensionis), ranging from New England to the West Indies, may reach 61 cm (24 inches); the speckled hind (E. drummondhayi) of the coastal region of the southeastern United States is…

James McBride: Music and screenwriting career: …Spike Lee) the screenplay for Red Hook Summer (2012), which Lee directed and which was partially based on McBride’s childhood in Red Hook, Brooklyn. The film is about a young boy from Atlanta who is sent to New York to spend the summer with his grandfather, a preacher living in…

horned poppy: The red horned poppy (G. corniculatum) from continental Europe is smaller and has crimson blooms often with black spots at the petal bases.

horse chestnut: Red horse chestnut (A. × carnea), a hybrid of A. hippocastanum and A. pavia, grows up to 20 m (65 feet) and has flesh-coloured to scarlet flower spikes.

copperleaf: Major species: Another ornamental species, the chenille plant, also called bristly copperleaf or red hot cattail (A. hispida), reaches a height of 3 metres (10 feet) and is grown for its long tail-like pendent flower spikes that are rust-red in colour. It is native to tropical eastern Asia. A. godseffiana, which…

Red Hot Chili Peppers, American rock band that combined funk and punk rock to create a new musical style in the 1980s. Original members Later members Heavily influenced by the Los Angeles punk music scene in the late 1970s, school friends vocalist Anthony Kiedis, bassist Flea, guitarist Hillel

Tex Avery: …in revisionist fairy tales (Red Hot Riding Hood [1943], Little Rural Riding Hood [1949]), a paranoiac wolf (Dumb-Hounded [1943], Bad Luck Blackie [1949]), or the slow-talking dog Droopy (Northwest Hounded Police [1946], Droopy’s Good Deed [1951]), who served as foils for the director’s brilliant takeoffs on such themes as…

William Morris: Education and early career: …Street’s office, to build the Red House at Bexleyheath (so called because it was built of red brick when the fashion was for stucco villas). It was during the furnishing and decorating of this house by Morris and his friends that the idea came to them of founding an association…

howler monkey: The Colombian red howler (A. seniculus) has the largest distribution, and it has been listed as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, but it is heavily hunted in some areas for its meat. Many other howler monkey species are also…

cranberry: Major species: The southern cranberry, or red huckleberry (V. erythrocarpum), is found in mountainous areas from West Virginia to Georgia; its large berries are dark red in colour and of exceptionally fine flavour. The fruit of the cranberry tree (see Viburnum) is sometimes substituted for true cranberries in…

Hugh Roe O’Donnell was the lord of Tyrconnell (now County Donegal), Ireland. When he became chieftain of the O’Donnells, he was only 20 years old but already was an inveterate enemy of the English because of his previous experiences. When less than 16 years old, he had been kidnapped by Sir John

fire ant: Red imported fire ant: …member of the genus, the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), was accidentally introduced into the southern United States from South America. The red or yellowish ants are 1–5 mm (0.04–0.2 inch) in length and can inflict a severe sting. The sting is rated 1.2 on the Schmidt sting pain…

Sarekat Islām: …latter group set up the Sarekat Islām Merah (Red Islāmic Association), which later changed its name to the Sarekat Rakjat (People’s Association), to serve as the mass organization of the PKI. The split severely undermined the Sarekat Islām, which eventually declined into a secondary party.

Red Jacket was a Seneca chief whose magnificent oratory masked his schemes to maintain his position despite double-dealing against his people’s interests. His first Indian name was Otetiani, and he assumed the name Sagoyewatha upon becoming a chief. “Red Jacket” was his English name, a result of

Trevor Nunn: …What You Will (1996), and Red Joan (2018). In 2002 he was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in recognition of his services to theatre.

jungle fowl: The red jungle fowl (G. gallus) is the ancestor of the domestic fowl. The cock has shining silky plumage, red on the head and back and green-black elsewhere—a pattern seen also in several domestic breeds; the hen is rusty brown with speckled neck and minimal comb.…

kangaroo: Descriptions of selected species: …of the same size, the red kangaroo (M. rufus) actually uses less energy at 10.1 km/hr than at 6.5 and less still at higher speeds. This seems to be related to the storage of elastic strain energy in its tendons and muscles. In addition, the heavy tail swings downward as…

Karen: …the White Karen and the Red Karen. The White Karen consist of the Sgaw and Pwo peoples, who typically live in lowland areas along river valleys, where they practice a mix of Christianity and traditional animism. The Red Karen, consisting of groups such as the Bre, Padaung, Yinbaw, and Zayein,…

Clianthus: …bill, or red kowhai (Clianthus puniceus), and kakabeak (C. maximus) are native to New Zealand and Australia, respectively. Both plants are grown as ornamentals but are considered endangered species in the wild.

music recording: The early years: …its Red Seal series (Red Label in Europe), particularly with discs made, beginning in 1902, by Enrico Caruso. By 1910 the vast majority of record sales—some estimates are as high as 85 percent—were classical.

lead processing: Oxides: Red lead, or lead tetroxide (Pb3O4), is another lead oxide whose two most important uses are in paints and as an addition to litharge in storage batteries. It also has significant application in glasses, glazes, and vitreous enamels. Red lead is produced by heating litharge…

lechwe: …subspecies of the common lechwe—the red lechwe (K. leche leche), the Kafue lechwe (K. leche kafuensis), and the black lechwe (K. leche smithemani)—inhabit floodplains bordering marshes and swamps of the southern savanna, from southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo through Zambia and northern Botswana to Angola. The Nile lechwe lives…

Caryl Chessman was an American criminal whose writings during 12 years on death row made him the symbol of an enduring controversy over capital punishment. Chessman had been sent to reform school and the county jail four times before he was sentenced in March 1941 to San Quentin prison for a term

Elizabeth Olsen: Early films: …Weaver, and Cillian Murphy in Red Lights, a drama about scientists investigating alleged psychics. The following year Olsen appeared in four films, including Spike Lee’s Oldboy. In 2014 she ventured into big-budget movies with a remake of Godzilla. The action-adventure film was a success at the global box office.

Police Zone: …Zone’s boundary (often called the Red Line because it was printed on maps in red ink) extended from the Atlantic Ocean to Botswana in a generalized northward-arcing semicircle. The boundary separated indigenous African groups to the north, including the numerically significant Ambo (Ovambo) as well as other Bantu-speaking peoples, from…

Howard Hawks: Final films: Red Line 7000 (1965) was Hawks’s disappointing return to the world of race-car driving (last visited in the 1930s in The Crowd Roars), although then-unknown James Caan is well cast as the troubled hero. El Dorado (1967), with Caan, Wayne, and Robert Mitchum, was either…

Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fairness doctrine, stating that if a station makes a personal attack on an individual, it must also give that person an opportunity to respond to the criticism. The Red Lion case

lionfish: …the best-known species is the red lionfish (Pterois volitans), an impressive fish sometimes kept by fish fanciers. It is striped with red, brown, and white and grows to about 30 cm (12 inches) long. The red lionfish is native to South Pacific reef ecosystems.

Montana: Cultural life: In Red Lodge an annual nine-day Festival of Nations, originated to ease tensions between coal miners of different European ethnic groups, has become a tradition.

eucalyptus: Major species and uses: obliqua); red mahogany (E. resinifera); northern gray ironbark; and others. The bark of many species is used in papermaking and tanning.

sapote, (Pouteria sapota), plant of the sapodilla family (Sapotaceae) and its edible fruit. Sapote is native to Central America but cultivated as far north as the southeastern United States. The fruit is commonly eaten fresh and is also made into smoothies, ice cream, and preserves. The large

mangrove: …Florida consists chiefly of the common, or red, mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) of the family Rhizophoraceae and the black mangroves (usually Avicennia nitida, sometimes A. marina) of the family Acanthaceae. Mangrove formations in Southeast Asia also include Sonneratia of the family Lythraceae and the nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) of the family…

red maple, (Acer rubrum), large, irregularly narrow tree of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), cultivated for its shade and spectacular autumn colour. It is one of the most common trees in its native eastern North America. The red maple grows to a height of 27 m (90 feet) or more on a straight

Mira Sorvino: Warriors (2013), Quitters (2015), and The Red Maple Leaf (2016). In 2019 she appeared in the action comedy Stuber.

aging: Calorie restriction and longevity: …than persons who regularly consume red meat and other animal products. These discoveries are being used to understand aging in humans and to develop new approaches in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.

Fugazi: …on the Kill Taker (1992), Red Medicine (1995), and End Hits (1998), Fugazi retained its churning rhythms and raw emotion, but its song structures became more varied and its lyrics more oblique and less overtly political (the band had sometimes been criticized for being too didactic and politically correct in…

meerkat: The yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata), sometimes called the red meerkat, sometimes shares warrens with meerkats and is intermediate in form between meerkats and other mongooses. It has four toes on the hind feet but five on the forefeet, larger ears, and a bushy coat and tail.

Yamana Mochitoyo was the head of the most powerful warrior clan in western Japan in the 15th century. Yamana’s attempts to increase his family’s rank and influence brought him into conflict with a rival clan in eastern Japan and resulted in the Ōnin War (1467–77), which was followed by a century of

Noma Hiroshi: …naka no akai tsuki (1947; A Red Moon in Her Face), both of which present a protagonist’s conflict between self-image and carnal desire. The novel Kurai e combined the techniques of Symbolism and the Proletarian Literature Movement, using stream-of-consciousness prose. Shinkū chitai conveys a broad view of the Japanese wartime…

William Dieterle: Later films: …of Shanghai Express (1932), and Red Mountain, a two-fisted account of Quantrill’s Raiders, with John Ireland as the guerrilla leader fighting for the Confederacy during the American Civil War and Alan Ladd as a former comrade who betrays him.

Silurian Period: Clastic wedges: …occur in Alabama (in the Red Mountain Formation).