Redonda, the smallest of the three islands that constitute the nation of Antigua and Barbuda. Redonda is located among the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea, approximately 35 miles (55 km) from the nearest point in Antigua, to the east. Redonda is a rugged, uninhabited rock, the remnant

redondilla, a Spanish stanza form consisting of four trochaic lines, usually of eight syllables each, with a rhyme scheme of abba. Quatrains in this form with a rhyme scheme of abab, sometimes also called redondillas, are more commonly known as serventesios. Redondillas have been common in

Redondo Beach, city, Los Angeles county, southern California, U.S. It is adjacent to Palos Verde Peninsula (south) and Hermosa Beach (north), on Santa Monica Bay. Originally inhabited by Gabrielino (Tongva) Indians, the area became part of Rancho San Pedro, a Spanish land grant made to Juan

José Moñino y Redondo, conde de Floridablanca was a Spanish statesman and minister who became identified with the reform program of King Charles III. Moñino y Redondo was a leading advocate in Madrid when he was appointed fiscal of the council of Castile in 1766. Having cooperated in the expulsion

French literature: Prose fiction: Marie Redonnet’s prose fictions sit at the edge of popular culture, in a bizarre blend of realism and fantasy, engaging in confident negotiation with the myths and forms of both maternal and paternal inheritance. Chantal Chawaf’s sensually charged prose offers a highly original version of…

Matthew Barney: Barney’s next work, Redoubt (2019), draws on Ovid’s tale of Diana, Roman goddess of the hunt, and Actaeon and utilizes choreography to explore gun ownership and the use of land in the United States.

Aleutian Range: … (8,225 feet [2,507 metres]), and Redoubt (10,197 feet [3,108 metres]). The range, named for the Aleuts who inhabit the island region, embraces Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Katmai National Park and Preserve (including the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes), and the Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve.

Elizabeth Mavor: Mavor’s third novel, The Redoubt (1967), is concerned with betrayal and regrowth; it uses shifting narrators and techniques to contrast the unhappy marriages of two young couples with the contented union of an older couple. In the ironic A Green Equinox (1973), the heroine embarks on sequential love…

Pierre-Joseph Redouté was a French botanical painter. He became a favoured artist at the court of France, patronized by kings from Louis XVI to Louis-Philippe. His delicate botanical prints were not only framed as pictures but also used for china patterns. His Les Liliacées (1802–15) contained 500

marine ecosystem: Benthos: …oxygen-poor layers is called the redox discontinuity layer and appears as a gray layer above the black anaerobic layers. Organisms have evolved various ways of coping with the lack of oxygen. Some anaerobes release hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and other toxic reduced ions through metabolic processes. The thiobiota, made up primarily…

oxidation-reduction reaction, any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a participating chemical species changes. The term covers a large and diverse body of processes. Many oxidation-reduction reactions are as common and familiar as fire, the rusting and dissolution of metals, the

titration: In oxidation-reduction (redox) titrations the indicator action is analogous to the other types of visual colour titrations. In the immediate vicinity of the end point, the indicator undergoes oxidation or reduction, depending upon whether the titrant is an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent. The oxidized…

pigweed: …base of the leafstalks; and rough pigweed, or redroot (A. retroflexus), is a stout plant up to 3 metres (about 10 feet) tall.

Cincinnati Reds, American professional baseball franchise based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Reds play in the National League (NL) and were founded in 1882. They have won five World Series titles (1919, 1940, 1975, 1976, 1990) and nine NL pennants. The city of Cincinnati lays claim to hosting the first

Elaine May: …him with the script for Reds (1981). She also served as an uncredited script doctor on Dustin Hoffman’s Tootsie (1982). Beatty acted as producer when she wrote and directed the comedy Ishtar (1987), which starred Beatty and Hoffman and was one of the most notorious flops in movie history.

redshank, either of two species of Old World shorebirds of the family Scolopacidae (order Charadriiformes), characterized by its long reddish legs. In the common redshank (Tringa totanus), about 30 cm (12 inches) long, the legs are orange-red, the upper parts are brownish or gray, the rump and hind

redshift, displacement of the spectrum of an astronomical object toward longer (red) wavelengths. It is attributed to the Doppler effect, a change in wavelength that results when a given source of waves (e.g., light or radio waves) and an observer are in motion with respect to each other. The

Halton Christian Arp: …was known as the “redshift controversy.” The controversy faded away in the late 1970s and early 1980s when Arp’s theory could not account for quasars and nearby galaxies that were at the same redshift, the gravitational lensing of quasars by high-redshift galaxies, or the existence of high-redshift intergalactic gas…

Marsala: … and 1,000 of his “Redshirts” in their campaign to conquer the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Roman baths in the vicinity have been excavated. The town’s Baroque cathedral, dedicated to St. Thomas Becket, contains fine Flemish tapestries.

redstart, any of about 11 bird species of the Old World chat-thrush genus Phoenicurus (family Muscicapidae) or any of a dozen New World birds of vaguely similar appearance and behaviour. The Old World redstarts, 14 cm (5.5 inches) long, are named for their tail colour (Middle English stert,

women’s rights movement: Reformers and revolutionaries: …most radical liberation groups, the Redstockings, published its principles as “The Bitch Manifesto.” Based in New York City, the Redstockings penned the movement’s first analysis of the politics of housework, held the first public speak-out on abortion, and helped to develop the concept of “consciousness-raising” groups—rap sessions to unravel how…

Alabama: Services and taxation: …Space Flight Center and the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, several veterans’ hospitals, and a part of the TVA operations.

Mackenzie River: The lower course: …trading post at Wrigley, the Redstone and Keele rivers enter from the west; they have deep canyons where they break out of the Mackenzie Mountains but flow across the lowland as shallow, braided streams. These rivers and the others that drain from the Mackenzie Mountains have their peak flows in…

space exploration: The first satellites: …rather than to the army’s Redstone Arsenal, where Braun worked, so that the work would not interfere with Redstone’s higher-priority development of ballistic missiles. The navy project, called Vanguard, would use a new launch vehicle based on modified Viking and Aerobee sounding rockets to orbit a small scientific satellite. Vanguard…

Sumner Redstone was an American media executive whose company, National Amusements, Inc. (NAI), acquired leading film, television, and entertainment properties, notably Viacom and CBS. Redstone’s father, Michael (Mickey), was a liquor wholesaler, nightclub owner, and drive-in movie operator. As a

bentgrass: Redtop (Agrostis gigantea), 1 to 1.5 metres (about 3 to 5 feet) tall, was introduced into North America during colonial times as a hay and pasture grass. It spreads by rhizomes and has reddish flowers. The smaller creeping bent (A. stolonifera), the stolons of which…

reducción, in Latin America, an Indian community set up under ecclesiastical or royal authority to facilitate colonization. Native peoples, many of whom had lived in small villages or hamlets before contact with Europeans, were forcibly relocated to these new settlements. At reducciones, Jesuit

reducción, in Latin America, an Indian community set up under ecclesiastical or royal authority to facilitate colonization. Native peoples, many of whom had lived in small villages or hamlets before contact with Europeans, were forcibly relocated to these new settlements. At reducciones, Jesuit

Juan Pablo Bonet: 1520–84), is detailed in his Reducción de las letras y arte para enseñar a hablar a los mudos (1620; “Reduction of the Letters of the Alphabet and Method of Teaching Deaf-Mutes to Speak”). Bonet used every technique available in developing this approach. Beginning with the study of written words, Bonet…

RISC, information processing using any of a family of microprocessors that are designed to execute computing tasks with the simplest instructions in the shortest amount of time possible. RISC is the opposite of CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer). RISC microprocessors, or chips, take advantage

reduced mass, in physics and astronomy, value of a hypothetical mass introduced to simplify the mathematical description of motion in a vibrating or rotating two-body system. The equations of motion of two mutually interacting bodies can be reduced to a single equation describing the motion of one

Slavic languages: The loss of reduced vowels: The next period in Slavic linguistic history began with the loss of the “reduced” vowels ŭ and ĭ, called yers, that resulted from Indo-European short u and i; that loss caused a wide-ranging change in many words and forms. Although that process was…

RISC, information processing using any of a family of microprocessors that are designed to execute computing tasks with the simplest instructions in the shortest amount of time possible. RISC is the opposite of CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer). RISC microprocessors, or chips, take advantage

carbon cycle: …as CO2 by decay, or decomposer, organisms (chiefly bacteria and fungi) in a series of microbial transformations.

foundations of mathematics: Impredicative constructions: …introduce an additional axiom, the axiom of reducibility, which rendered their enterprise impredicative after all. More recently, the Swedish logician Per Martin-Löf presented a new predicative type theory, but no one claims that this is adequate for all of classical analysis. However, the German-American mathematician Hermann Weyl (1885–1955) and the…

hernia: A reducible hernia is one in which the contents can be pushed back into the abdomen and often may be held in place by a truss, a pad of heavy material that is placed over the herniated area. A truss is usually a temporary expedient and…

oxide: Carbon monoxide: …also useful as a metallurgical reducing agent, because at high temperatures it reduces many metal oxides to the elemental metal. For example, copper(II) oxide, CuO, and iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3, are both reduced to the metal by carbon monoxide.

bucchero ware: This is known as a reducing firing, and it converts the red of the clay, due to the presence of iron oxide, to the typical bucchero colours. Although opinions vary about the precise times at which certain features of bucchero appeared, there is a scholarly consensus about the overall development…

combustion: Oxidizing and reducing flame: When a premixed flame burns in open air with an excess of fuel, there appears in addition to the flame zone a zone of diffusion flame; this is accounted for by the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen, as, for example, in the Bunsen flame…

pantograph, instrument for duplicating a motion or copying a geometric shape to a reduced or enlarged scale. It consists of an assemblage of rigid bars adjustably joined by pin joints; as the point of one bar is moved over the outline to be duplicated, the motion is translated to a point on another

accounting: Depreciation: …is recognized each year, and declining-charge depreciation, in which more depreciation is recognized during the early years of life than during the later years, on the assumption that the value of the asset’s service declines as it gets older. It is the responsibility of an independent accountant (the auditor) to…

reductio ad absurdum, (Latin: “reduction to absurdity”), in logic, a form of refutation showing contradictory or absurd consequences following upon premises as a matter of logical necessity. A form of the reductio ad absurdum argument, known as indirect proof or reductio ad impossibile, is one that

reductio ad absurdum: …ad absurdum argument, known as indirect proof or reductio ad impossibile, is one that proves a proposition by showing that its denial conjoined with other propositions previously proved or accepted leads to a contradiction. In common speech the term reductio ad absurdum refers to anything pushed to absurd extremes.

reduction, in syllogistic, or traditional, logic, method of rearranging the terms in one or both premises of a syllogism, or argument form, to express it in a different figure; the placement of the middle, or repeated, term is altered, usually to a preferred pattern. Aristotle took as primary the

phenomenology: Basic method: …his entire lifetime—is the “reduction”: the existence of the world must be put between brackets, not because the philosopher should doubt it but merely because this existing world is not the very theme of phenomenology; its theme is rather the manner in which knowledge of the world comes about.…

Avicenna: Influence in medicine: Reduction involved the use of pressure and traction to straighten or otherwise correct bone and joint deformities such as curvature of the spine. The techniques were not used again until French surgeon Jean-François Calot reintroduced the practice in 1896. Avicenna’s suggestion of wine as a…

Charles X Gustav: …of 1655 he imposed the Reduction, by which the nobles were obliged to return to the crown certain endowed lands and either to pay an annual fee or to surrender one-quarter of the crown lands they had acquired since 1633. These financial measures were not seriously enforced.

reduction, any of a class of chemical reactions in which the number of electrons associated with an atom or a group of atoms is increased. The electrons taken up by the substance reduced are supplied by another substance, which is thereby oxidized. See oxidation-reduction

metalogic: The undecidability theorem and reduction classes: Given the completeness theorem, it follows that the task of deciding whether any sentence is a theorem of the predicate calculus is equivalent to that of deciding whether any sentence is valid or whether its negation is satisfiable.

meiosis, division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes, or sex cells, each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. A brief treatment of meiosis follows. For further discussion, see cell: Cell division and growth. The process of

cereal processing: Milling: …between smooth steel rolls, called reduction rolls. The flour produced in the reduction rolls is then sieved out. There are usually four or five more reduction rolls and some “scratch” rolls to scrape the last particles of flour from branny stocks. Since the various sieving and purification processes free more…

metallurgy: Smelting: …are two types of smelting, reduction smelting and matte smelting. In reduction smelting, both the metallic charge fed into the smelter and the slag formed from the process are oxides; in matte smelting, the slag is an oxide while the metallic charge is a combination of metallic sulfides that melt…

reductionism, in philosophy, a view that asserts that entities of a given kind are identical to, or are collections or combinations of, entities of another (often simpler or more basic) kind or that expressions denoting such entities are definable in terms of expressions denoting other entities.

organometallic compound: Simple alkyl ligands: …well as other groups) is reductive elimination.

bacteria: Autotrophic metabolism: …the reductive pentose phosphate (Calvin) cycle, the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the acetyl-CoA pathway. The Calvin cycle, elucidated by American biochemist Melvin Calvin, is the most widely distributed of these pathways, operating in plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, and most aerobic lithoautotrophic bacteria. The key step in the Calvin

bacteria: Autotrophic metabolism: …pentose phosphate (Calvin) cycle, the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the acetyl-CoA pathway. The Calvin cycle, elucidated by American biochemist Melvin Calvin, is the most widely distributed of these pathways, operating in plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, and most aerobic lithoautotrophic bacteria. The key step in the Calvin cycle is the…

Switzerland: World War II and the Cold War: …in the central Alps, the réduit, was equipped with ammunition, medical supplies, food, water, hydroelectric plants, and factories to enable the Swiss army to fight the Nazis even if the cities of the Mittelland were captured.

reedbuck, (genus Redunca), any of three medium-sized antelopes (family Bovidae) that inhabit the grasslands and marshes of sub-Saharan Africa. The reedbuck is distinguished by a round glandular spot below each ear and curved horns (on males only) that point forward; these horns are shortest (14–41

reedbuck: …and less hooked in the southern, or common, reedbuck (R. arundium). The southern reedbuck is the largest species, standing 65–105 cm (26–41 inches) tall and weighing 50–95 kg (110–210 pounds), compared with 65–76 cm (26–30 inches) and 19–38 kg (42–84 pounds) for the mountain reedbuck, the smallest of the three.…

reedbuck: …reedbuck (Redunca redunca) and the mountain reedbuck (R. fulvorufula). They are 30–45 cm (12–18 inches) and less hooked in the southern, or common, reedbuck (R. arundium). The southern reedbuck is the largest species, standing 65–105 cm (26–41 inches) tall and weighing 50–95 kg (110–210 pounds), compared with 65–76 cm (26–30…

reedbuck: …and most hooked in the bohor reedbuck (Redunca redunca) and the mountain reedbuck (R. fulvorufula). They are 30–45 cm (12–18 inches) and less hooked in the southern, or common, reedbuck (R. arundium). The southern reedbuck is the largest species, standing 65–105 cm (26–41 inches) tall and weighing 50–95 kg (110–210…

antelope: Classification: and addaxes) Tribe Reduncini (includes reedbucks, kobs, lechwes, and waterbucks) Tribe Alcelaphini (includes hartebeests, wildebeests, and topis)

communication: Entropy, negative entropy, and redundancy: …version of the communication process, redundancy—the repetition of elements within a message that prevents the failure of communication of information—is the greatest antidote to entropy. Most written and spoken languages, for example, are roughly half-redundant. If 50 percent of the words of this article were taken away at random, there…

telecommunication: Source encoding: As is pointed out in analog-to-digital conversion, any available telecommunications medium has a limited capacity for data transmission. This capacity is commonly measured by the parameter called bandwidth. Since the bandwidth of a signal increases with the number of bits to be transmitted…

truth: Deflationism: Philosophers before Tarski, including Gottlob Frege and Frank Ramsey, had suspected that the key to understanding truth lay in the odd fact that putting “It is true that…” in front of an assertion changes almost nothing. It is true that snow is white if…

computer memory: Magnetic disk drives: RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) combines multiple disk drives to store data redundantly for greater reliability and faster access. They are used in high-performance computer network servers.

Austronesian languages: Reduplication: Reduplication takes numerous forms and has a great variety of functions in Austronesian languages. Partial reduplication of a verb stem is used to mark the future tense in both Rukai of Taiwan and Tagalog of the Philippines, as in Tagalog l-um-akad ‘walk’ but la-lakad…

memory disorder: Paramnesia and confabulation: This has been renamed reduplicative paramnesia or simply reduplication. Last, there was identifying paramnesia, in which a novel situation is experienced as duplicating an earlier situation in every detail; this is more generally known as déjà vu or paramnesia tout court. The term confabulation denotes the production of false…

assassin bug, (family Reduviidae), any of about 7,000 species of insects in the true bug order, Heteroptera (Hemiptera), that are characterized by a thin necklike structure connecting the narrow head to the body. They range in size from 5 to 40 mm (0.2 to 1.6 inches). An assassin bug uses its short

assassin bug: Predatory behaviour: The masked hunter (or masked bedbug hunter; Reduvius personatus), when threatened, will also bite humans, causing pain and localized swelling. The masked hunter is widely known for its ability to camouflage itself as a ball of dust during the immature stages, when the body, legs, and…

abutilon: Another species, sometimes known as redvein flowering maple (A. pictum), is a handsome variegated-leaf shrub reaching a height of 4.5 metres (15 feet) and is grown as a houseplant. The trailing abutilon (A. megapotamicum), often grown as a hanging plant, is noted for its nodding, yellowish orange, closed flowers.

Raedwald was the king of the East Angles in England from the late 6th or early 7th century, son of Tytili. Raedwald became a Christian during a stay in Kent, but on his return to East Anglia he sanctioned the worship of both the Christian and the traditional Anglo-Saxon religions. For a time he

redwood, any of three species of large trees in the cypress family (Cupressaceae). See coast redwood, dawn redwood, and

jumping ant spider: …jumping spider that mimics a redwood ant (Formica rufa) in both appearance and behavior to escape predators. The spider is native to grasslands in temperate regions of Eurasia, and has been accidentally introduced to parts of the eastern United States and Canada. Its genus name, Myrmarachne, is formed of the…

Redwood City, city, seat (1856) of San Mateo county, California, U.S. It lies on the western shore of San Francisco Bay, at the mouth of Redwood Creek, 25 miles (40 km) south of San Francisco. Originally inhabited by Ohlone Indians, the area in 1800 became part of a Spanish land grant called Rancho

Redwood National Park, national park in the northwestern corner of California, U.S. It was established in 1968, with a boundary change in 1978, and was designated a World Heritage site in 1980. Preserving virgin (old-growth) groves of ancient redwood trees, including the world’s tallest tree, the

Oxalis: …States, with rose-purple flowers; the redwood wood sorrel (O. oregana), of the coast redwood belt from California to Oregon, with pink to white flowers; and O. cernua, known as Bermuda buttercups, with showy yellow flowers, native to southern Africa and naturalized in Florida and the Bermudas. Another yellow-flowered kind is…

John Redwood is a British politician who served in the cabinet of Prime Minister John Major (1993–95) before unsuccessfully challenging Major for leadership of the Conservative Party in 1995. A ferociously bright student, Redwood was awarded one of the highly prized fellowships of All Souls

John Redwood is a British politician who served in the cabinet of Prime Minister John Major (1993–95) before unsuccessfully challenging Major for leadership of the Conservative Party in 1995. A ferociously bright student, Redwood was awarded one of the highly prized fellowships of All Souls

René Redzepi is a Danish chef recognized internationally for his unique reinterpretation of Scandinavian cuisine; his recipes are characterized by distinctly Nordic locally sourced ingredients. Redzepi’s father was a Muslim immigrant from the Macedonian region of Yugoslavia who moved to Copenhagen

human nutrition: BMR and REE: energy balance: Energy is needed not only when a person is physically active but even when the body is lying motionless. Depending on an individual’s level of physical activity, between 50 and 80 percent of the energy expended each day is devoted to basic…

Lough Ree, lake on the River Shannon, Ireland, separating Counties Longford and Westmeath (east) from County Roscommon (west). The irregular shoreline is varied and includes both deep bays and shallow inlets. There are numerous islands, accessible by boat from Athlone. On several of the larger

Selma March: Turnaround Tuesday: …of them, Massachusetts Unitarian minister James J. Reeb, died of his wounds.

Tasmania: Tasmania since 1950: Premiers Robert Cosgrove (1939–58) and Eric Elliott Reece (1958–69 and 1972–75) were tough and efficient and saved the local Labor Party from the blows it was suffering elsewhere in the country. They sustained faith in further developing hydroelectricity, and some heavy industry appeared. Government services in housing, health, education, and…

reed, in botany, any of several species of large aquatic grasses, especially the four species constituting the genus Phragmites of the grass family (Poaceae). The common, or water, reed (Phragmites australis) occurs along the margins of lakes, fens, marshes, and streams from the Arctic to the

reed instrument, in music, any of several wind instruments (aerophones) that sound when the player’s breath or air from a wind chamber causes a reed (a thin blade of cane or metal) to vibrate, thereby setting up a sound wave in an enclosed air column (in reed pipes) or in the open air (usually free

textile: Early development of the loom: …reeds and thus called a reed, which, mounted at right angles to the warp, oscillates between the heddles and the junction of the warp and the cloth. The ends pass, one or more at a time, through the spaces between consecutive reed wires, so that the reed, in addition to…

artiodactyl: Digestive system: …derived from the esophagus—and the abomasum (or reed), which corresponds to the stomach of other mammals. The omasum is almost absent in chevrotains. Camels have a three-chambered stomach, lacking the separation of omasum and abomasum; the rumen and reticulum are equipped with glandular pockets separated by muscular walls having sphincters…

wind instrument: Flutes and reeds: Sound is generated by different methods in the aerophones designated as flutes and reeds in the Sachs-Hornbostel system. In flutes, the airstream is directed against a sharp edge; in reeds, the air column in the tube is caused to vibrate between beating parts of…

bunting: …and northeastern Europe, and the reed bunting (E. schoeniclus), a chunky bird common to marshes across Europe and Asia.

reed: …donax), sea reed (Ammophila arenaria), reed canary grass (Phalaris), and reedgrass, or bluejoint (Calamagrostis). Bur reed (Sparganium) and reed mace (Typha) are plants of other families.

Reed College, Private liberal-arts college in Portland, Ore. Founded in 1909, it is named after Simeon Reed, a prosperous Portland businessman. It offers undergraduate programs in the physical and biological sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Its curriculum emphasizes both

Eswatini: Cultural life: The Umhlanga, or Reed Dance, brings together the unmarried girls and young women of the country to cut reeds for the annual repairs to the windbreaks of the queen mother’s village; it lasts for five days. It is also symbolic of the unity of the nation…

fescue: …meadow fescue and tall or reed fescue (S. arundinaceus, formerly F. arundinacea) are Old World species that have become widespread in parts of North America.

frog: Sedge frogs (Hyperolius), for example, are climbing African frogs with adhesive toe disks. The flying frogs (Rhacophorus) are tree-dwelling, Old World rhacophorids; they can glide 12 to 15 metres (40 to 50 feet) by means of expanded webbing between the fingers and toes (see tree…

reed instrument, in music, any of several wind instruments (aerophones) that sound when the player’s breath or air from a wind chamber causes a reed (a thin blade of cane or metal) to vibrate, thereby setting up a sound wave in an enclosed air column (in reed pipes) or in the open air (usually free

cattail, (genus Typha), genus of about 30 species of tall reedy marsh plants (family Typhaceae), found mainly in temperate and cold regions of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The plants inhabit fresh to slightly brackish waters and are considered aquatic or semi-aquatic. Cattails are

reed organ, any keyboard instrument sounded by vibration of metal reeds under wind pressure. “Reed organ” commonly refers to instruments having free reeds (vibrating through a slot with close tolerance) and no pipes. Such instruments include the harmonium and the melodeon (qq.v.) and are distinct

regal, a small, easily portable pipe organ usually having only a single set, or rank, of reed pipes. The beating reeds are surmounted by small resonators, producing a nasal, buzzing tone. Wind under pressure to sound the pipes is supplied by one or two bellows attached to the instrument and

melodeon, keyboard instrument sounded by the vibration of free reeds by wind. It is an American development of the harmonium, from which it differs in two principal respects. Its foot-operated bellows draw the air in past the reeds by suction, rather than forcing it out by pressure; and the