Orinoco River: Physiography of the Orinoco: …through a transitional zone, the Region of the Rapids (Región de los Raudales), where the Orinoco forces its way through a series of narrow passages among enormous granite boulders. The waters fall in a succession of rapids, ending with the Atures Rapids. In this region, the main tributaries are the…

Jorie Graham: Region of Unlikeness (1991), which is annotated to explain its textual obscurities, furthers her exploration of philosophy and religion in such poems as “The Tree of Knowledge,” “The Holy Shroud,” and “Chaos.”

Paraguay: Land of Paraguay: …geographic regions—the Región Oriental (Eastern Region) and the Región Occidental (Western Region), also called the Chaco Boreal.

Wallonia, region that constitutes the southern half of Belgium. The self-governing Walloon Region was created during the federalization of Belgium, largely along ethnolinguistic lines, in the 1980s and ’90s. (The two other political regions created during this process were Flanders and the

Solomon Islands: The Tensions (1998–2003): ethnic violence, 2000 coup, arrival of RAMSI, and 2001 election: …response, they formed a multinational Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), led by Australia. RAMSI deployed troops in July to help maintain order.

climatology: …developed along two main lines: regional climatology and physical climatology. The first is the study of discrete and characteristic weather phenomena of a particular continental or subcontinental region. The second involves a statistical analysis of the various weather elements, principally temperature, moisture, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed, and a detailed…

Pakistan: Government and society: …conflict has taken place between regional groups. The regions that originally made up Pakistan had to be fitted into a design not of their own choosing. The different cultural and historical circumstances, as well as natural and human endowments of those regions, have tested the unity of Pakistan time and…

Homo erectus: Theories of gradual change: …core of the so-called “multiregional” hypothesis (see human evolution), in which it is theorized that H. erectus evolved into Homo sapiens not once but several times as each subspecies of H. erectus, living in its own territory, passed some postulated critical threshold. This theory depends on accepting a supposed…

council of governments (COG), in the United States, type of regional planning body that exists throughout the country. A COG is an association that consists of elected public officials who come from the major local governments within an urban or metropolitan area. COGs were developed during the

regional development program, any government program designed to encourage the industrial and economic development of regions that are stagnant or in which a large portion of the population is experiencing prolonged unemployment. The measures taken may include loans, grants, and tax incentives to

dialect: Geographic dialects: …or of Smolensk) or broader regional ones, such as Delaware Valley English, Australian English, or Tuscan Italian. Such entities are of unequal rank; South Carolina English, for instance, is included in Southern American English. Regional dialects do have some internal variation, but the differences within a regional dialect are supposedly…

megalodon: Physical features: …surrounding water, an adaptation called regional endothermy (which is a type of warm-bloodedness). This adaptation might have allowed megalodon to swim and hunt in colder waters, giving it exclusive access to prey in those locations.

Crohn disease, chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, usually occurring in the terminal portion of the ileum, the region of the small intestine farthest from the stomach. Crohn disease was first described in 1904 by Polish surgeon Antoni Leśniowski. It was later named for American

commercial fishing: History of commercial fishing: …outside EEZs is managed by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) and their member countries. Members include bordering countries as well as more distant countries that fish in those waters. Japan, for example, has fleets in the Atlantic and is thus a member of the RFMOs that regulate the region. Many…

commercial fishing: History of commercial fishing: …outside EEZs is managed by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) and their member countries. Members include bordering countries as well as more distant countries that fish in those waters. Japan, for example, has fleets in the Atlantic and is thus a member of the RFMOs that regulate the region. Many…

geography: Geography in the United States: But regional geography, or the study of the “total combination of phenomena” in places, was “the ultimate purpose of geography”—a task later redefined as “the highest form of the geographer’s art.” According to a leading British geographer, Sidney William Wooldridge, in The Geographer as Scientist: Essays…

geomagnetic field: Dipolar field: …the residual is called the non-dipole field, or regional geomagnetic anomaly.

governance: Regional governance: The rise of new regional regimes and institutions, such as the European Union (EU), plays two roles in discussions of the new governance. Many commentators suggest, first, that the cause of the new governance is that the rise of these regional regimes has…

Crohn disease, chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, usually occurring in the terminal portion of the ileum, the region of the small intestine farthest from the stomach. Crohn disease was first described in 1904 by Polish surgeon Antoni Leśniowski. It was later named for American

war: Regional integration: Because wars within states have been eliminated through the establishment of suitable political structures, such as central governments that hold a monopoly of coercive power, many theories concentrate upon the establishment of parallel structures within the international context. Regional integration (cooperation in economic,

amphibole: Regional metamorphic rocks: Many different amphiboles may be contained in regional metamorphic rocks. Commonly several amphiboles may coexist with one another in the same sample, depending on the bulk chemistry of the rock and on the pressure and temperature of metamorphism. The amphiboles typically occur…

Ica: …city in 1961, and the Regional Museum of Ica has a collection of textiles and pottery of the Nazca culture (c. 200 bce–600 ce). Ica is connected by road to the port of Pisco 40 miles (64 km) northwest and to Paracas, a national reserve with rich fishing grounds and…

William Stewart Halsted: By self-experimentation he developed (1885) conduction, or block, anesthesia (the production of insensibility of a part by interrupting the conduction of a sensory nerve leading to that region of the body), brought about by injecting cocaine into nerve trunks. He fell into a drug addiction that required two years to…

regional development program, any government program designed to encourage the industrial and economic development of regions that are stagnant or in which a large portion of the population is experiencing prolonged unemployment. The measures taken may include loans, grants, and tax incentives to

shopping centre: The regional shopping centre provides a full range of shopping services comparable to those found in a small central business district. It is built around at least one full-size department store and often several; specialty shops and boutiques are numerous, and there are usually several restaurants…

Chicago: Transportation: …Illinois General Assembly created the Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) and gave it the power to levy a sales tax to support the CTA as well as a failing commuter rail system (which was unified and named Metra). Privately owned and municipal bus routes in the suburbs were similarly united under…

Brazilian literature: Modernismo and regionalism: …a genre known as the regionalist novel of the Northeast, which emerged during the 1930s when a group of novelists in Brazil’s Northeast dramatized that region’s decline and underdevelopment after the heyday of sugar production. The sociologist Gilberto de Mello Freyre spearheaded this regionalist current and immortalized the social structure…

Social Realism: …as American Scene painting and Regionalism, which may or may not manifest socially critical comment.

Pakistan: Government and society: …conflict has taken place between regional groups. The regions that originally made up Pakistan had to be fitted into a design not of their own choosing. The different cultural and historical circumstances, as well as natural and human endowments of those regions, have tested the unity of Pakistan time and…

Spain: Opposition movements, 1898–1923: The Regionalist League (Catalan: Lliga Regionalista), founded in 1901 and dominated by the Catalan industrialist Francesc Cambó i Batlle and the theoretician of Catalan nationalism Enric Prat de la Riba, demanded the end of the turno and a revival of regionalism within a genuine party system.…

police: Ancient policing: …city of Rome into 14 regiones (wards), each consisting of vici (precincts) overseen by vicomagistri, who were responsible for fire protection and other administrative and religious duties. In 6 ce, after a particularly bad fire, Augustus expanded the city’s fire brigade into a corps of vigiles (firefighters and watchmen), consisting…

Reg Empey: …on the European Union (EU) Committee of the Regions, a political body that gave voice to local governments in matters of EU policy. During the multi-year talks that led to the Belfast Agreement (Good Friday Agreement) in 1998, Empey acted as the senior UUP negotiator, and he was a moderating…

Petro Poroshenko: …ruling coalition and a resurgent Party of Regions saw the Orange parties swept from power in 2010. Poroshenko resumed his affiliation with the Party of Regions in 2012, when he became minister of trade in the cabinet of Pres. Viktor Yanukovych. After legislative elections later that year, however, Poroshenko returned…

Denver: The contemporary city: …the University of Denver (1864), Regis University (1877), Iliff School of Theology (1892), Metropolitan State University of Denver (1965), and a branch campus and the Health Sciences Center of the University of Colorado. The State Capitol (built 1887–95 in Corinthian style) has a 272-foot (83-metre) gold-leafed dome, and Civic Center…

Cartesianism: Cartesian mechanism: In Paris, the lectures of Pierre-Sylvain Régis (1632–1707) on Cartesian physics—which he accompanied with spectacular demonstrations of physical phenomena such as optical illusions—created such a sensation that Louis XIV forbade them. Because Cartesianism challenged the traditional Aristotelian science, which was supported by the Roman Catholic Church, and because the church…

régisseur, (French: “manager”), theatrical director or stage manager, especially in France, Russia, Germany, and Italy, whose duties encompass the artistic interpretation and integration of a play, the guided rehearsal of the actors, and the overall responsibility for the technical and economic

Rīgestān, (Persian: “country of sand”), arid plateau region in southwestern Afghanistan. Rīgestān is, for the greater part, a sandy desert with ridges and small, isolated hills of red sand. The sand ridges and dunes, reaching heights of between 50 and 100 feet (15 and 30 m), alternate with

Bahawalpur: Farther east the Rohi, or Cholistan, is a barren desert tract, bounded on the north and west by the Hakra depression with mound ruins of old settlements along its high banks; it is still inhabited by nomads. The principal inhabitants of the region surrounding Bahawalpur are Jat and Baloch peoples.…

Austroasiatic languages: Registers: Much more characteristic of the Austroasiatic stock is a contrast between two or more series of vowels pronounced with different voice qualities called registers. The vowels may have, for example, a “breathy” register, a “creaky” register, or a clear one. This feature, which is…

integrated circuit: Microprocessor circuits: …contain some circuits, known as registers, that store information. Registers are predetermined memory locations. Each processor has many different types of registers. Permanent registers are used to store the preprogrammed instructions required for various operations (such as addition and multiplication). Temporary registers store numbers that are to be operated on…

diplomatics: Types of documents: …almost uninterrupted series of papal registers is extant from the pontificate of Innocent III onward. An important group of registers are the rolls kept by the medieval kings of England; the earliest extant rolls date from the 12th century. The keeping of registers in the chanceries of the French kings…

Edinburgh: The New Town: Register House (1774–92), at the east end of Princes Street facing the North Bridge, is the finest of the city’s buildings by the 18th-century architects James and Robert Adam. Now the National Archives of Scotland, it and West Register House, situated at the opposite end…

Tai languages: Phonological characteristics: …Thai tones are as follows: level (using no diacritic), low (using a grave accent), falling (using a circumflex), high (using an acute accent), and rising (using a wedge, or haček); for example, maa (with no diacritic) ‘to come,’ màak (with a grave accent) ‘areca nut,’ mâak (with a circumflex) ‘much,’

postal system: United States: …the first supplementary postal service, registered mail, was introduced in 1855. The major milestones in this progress were postal money order service (1864); international money orders (1867); special delivery (1885); parcel post, with its accessory collect on delivery (COD) and insurances services (1913); and certified mail (1955), which provides proof…

museum: Management: …scientific information (sometimes known as registrars), and conservators concerned with the scientific examination and treatment of collections to prevent deterioration. Another group is involved more actively with the public functioning of the museum. It includes specialists in education, communication, and interpretation, designers, the security staff, and marketing and public relations…

property law: Registration and recordation: In the example of the watch, the distinction between contract and conveyance became important as soon as the rights of a third person became involved. But from the point of view of the third party, any one of the three suggested rules…

keyboard instrument: Couplers: …the two rows, or “registers,” of unison jacks. This difference depends on the distance along the string at which it is plucked. The closer the plucking point is to the end of a string, the brighter is the sound; the farther away from the end that a string is…

printmaking: Colour woodcut: The registering system depends on the method of printing used. On a press the registering presents no problem: the wood block is locked into position and the uniformly cut paper is automatically fed into the proper position by the press. For hand rubbing, several registering methods…

Western painting: Ottonian Germany: …an artist known as the Master of the Registrum Gregorii, who seems to have been based at Trier. Drawing inspiration from both early Christian and Carolingian manuscripts, he developed a new manner of painting, in which meticulously detailed, smoothly modeled figures are placed in elaborate and precisely calculated spatial settings.…

regium donum, (Latin: “royal gift”), annual grant made from public funds to Presbyterian ministers in Ireland and to Nonconformist ministers (those not part of the Church of England) in Great Britain. It originated in Ireland in 1690, when the English king William III made a grant to Presbyterian

René Descartes: Residence in the Netherlands: The physician Henri Regius (1598–1679), who taught Descartes’s views at the University of Utrecht in 1639, involved Descartes in a fierce controversy with the Calvinist theologian Gisbertus Voetius (1589–1676) that continued for the rest of Descartes’s life. In his Letter to Voetius of 1648, Descartes made a…

Regla, city, west-central Cuba. It is situated on the southeastern shore of La Habana Bay, across from the historic centre of Havana, and constitutes a municipality of the province-level Ciudad de la Habana (City of Havana). Regla was a centre for smuggling activities in the 19th century. It is now

Jean Renoir: Early years: …La Règle du jeu (1939; The Rules of the Game), his masterpiece. Cut and fragmented by the distributors, this classic film was also regarded as a failure until it was shown in 1965 in its original form, which revealed its astonishing beauty.

Jean Bullant: His influential Régle générale d ’architecture des cinq manières de colonnes (1564) was adopted as one of the textbooks of French architecture.

Règlement Organique, 19th-century constitution, imposed under a Russian protectorate, that introduced elected political institutions in the principalities of Moldavia and Walachia (later the nucleus of Romania) but also created oligarchies there and vested political and economic power in the boyar

Nepal: Fall of the monarchy: …2013, when President Yadav appointed Khil Raj Regmi, chief justice of the country’s Supreme Court, as prime minister until elections could be held.

Eyvind Johnson: …the machinations of modern capitalism, Regn i gryningen (1933; “Rain at Daybreak”), an attack on modern office drudgery and its effects, and Romanen om Olof, 4 vol. (1934–37), which tells of his experiences as a logger in the sub-Arctic, he begins to seek out the causes for that frustration. During…

COVID-19: …therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, such as REGEN-COV (casirivimab and imdevimab). COVID-19 vaccines, which became available in late 2020, are highly effective in protecting against severe illness and in limiting the spread of the disease; immunity can be further bolstered through subsequent booster doses of vaccine. Risk of disease transmission can be…

Ragnar Lothbrok was a Viking whose life passed into legend in medieval European literature. Ragnar is said to have been the father of three sons—Halfdan, Inwaer (Ivar the Boneless), and Hubba (Ubbe)—who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other medieval sources, led a Viking invasion of

Ragnar Lothbrok was a Viking whose life passed into legend in medieval European literature. Ragnar is said to have been the father of three sons—Halfdan, Inwaer (Ivar the Boneless), and Hubba (Ubbe)—who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other medieval sources, led a Viking invasion of

Ragnar Lothbrok was a Viking whose life passed into legend in medieval European literature. Ragnar is said to have been the father of three sons—Halfdan, Inwaer (Ivar the Boneless), and Hubba (Ubbe)—who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other medieval sources, led a Viking invasion of

Jean-François Regnard was a French dramatist, one of the most successful of the successors of Molière, whose wit and style he openly imitated. Born into a wealthy family, Regnard travelled extensively as a young man. On one of his trips he was captured by Algerian pirates and imprisoned for seven

Michel-Louis-Étienne, Count Regnault de Saint Jean d’Angély was an administrator under the French Directory and Napoleon I’s Empire. He persuaded Napoleon, at the end of the Hundred Days (1815), to abdicate for the second time. Elected to the States General in 1789, Regnault was an inconspicuous

Henri-Victor Regnault was a French chemist and physicist noted for his work on the properties of gases. After studying with Justus von Liebig, in Giessen, Regnault became professor of chemistry successively at the University of Lyon, the École Polytechnique (1840), and the Collège de France (1841).

Georges Cuvier: …distribué d’après son organisation (“The Animal Kingdom, Distributed According to Its Organization”), which, with its many subsequent editions, was a significant advance over the systems of classification established by Linnaeus.

Denys Arcand: …Règne de la beauté (2014; An Eye for Beauty), about a married architect who has an affair; and La Chute de l’empire américain (2018; The Fall of the American Empire), a satiric crime thriller that explores greed in modern society.

Charles-Victor Langlois: Langlois’s work Le Règne de Philippe III le Hardi (1887; “The Reign of Philip III the Bold”), emphasizing the political and institutional conditions of 13th-century France, remains one of the best histories of a single reign. In 1904 he published Manuel de bibliographie historique, 2 vol. (1896–1904;…

Marsileaceae: Regnellidium, with one species, has leaves with two leaflets and is confined to southern portions of Brazil and Argentina.

Ragnar Lothbrok was a Viking whose life passed into legend in medieval European literature. Ragnar is said to have been the father of three sons—Halfdan, Inwaer (Ivar the Boneless), and Hubba (Ubbe)—who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other medieval sources, led a Viking invasion of

Ragnar Lothbrok was a Viking whose life passed into legend in medieval European literature. Ragnar is said to have been the father of three sons—Halfdan, Inwaer (Ivar the Boneless), and Hubba (Ubbe)—who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other medieval sources, led a Viking invasion of

Ragnar Lothbrok was a Viking whose life passed into legend in medieval European literature. Ragnar is said to have been the father of three sons—Halfdan, Inwaer (Ivar the Boneless), and Hubba (Ubbe)—who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other medieval sources, led a Viking invasion of

Reinier de Graaf was a Dutch physician who discovered the follicles of the ovary (known as Graafian follicles), in which the individual egg cells are formed. He was also important for his studies on the pancreas and on the reproductive organs of mammals. Graaf obtained his M.D. at the University of

Henri de Régnier was the foremost French poet of the first decade of the 20th century. Born of an old Norman family, Régnier began to prepare for a career as a diplomat, but while studying law in Paris he came under the influence of the Symbolist poets and published his first volume of poems,

Mathurin Régnier was a French satiric poet whose works recall those of Horace, Juvenal, Ariosto, and Ronsard in free and original imitation, written in vigorous, colloquial French. Writing about typical characters of his time with verve and realism, in alexandrine couplets, he fully displayed his

Regnitz River, left-bank tributary of the Main River, Bavaria Land (state), southeastern Germany. It is formed at Fürth by the confluence of the Pegnitz and the Rednitz; the headstreams are the Schwäbische and Fränkische Rezat. The Regnitz flows north for 42 miles (68 km) past Fürth, Erlangen, and

Gideon Algernon Mantell: >Regnosaurus. He also described the Triassic reptile Telerpeton elginense. Mantell’s major works include The Fossils of the South Downs, or Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex (1822) and Medals of Creation (1844).

Burgundy: History of Burgundy: …Clotar’s sons, Guntram, secured the regnum Burgundiae, or kingdom of Burgundy. This kingdom eventually included not only all the former Burgundian lands but also the diocese of Arles in Provence, the Val d’Aosta east of the Alps, and even extensive territory in north-central France. It remained a separate Merovingian kingdom…

Italy: Lombard Italy: …Lombard period was called the regnum Italiae (“kingdom of Italy”) from the 9th century onward.

Italy: Lombards and Byzantines: …of these pieces was the Lombard kingdom of northern Italy and Tuscany. By the 620s its capital was at Pavia, which remained the capital of the north until the 11th century; other major centers were Verona, Milan, Turin (Torino), Lucca, and Cividale, the capital of the duchy of Friuli. Friuli…

Eduardo Souto de Moura: The Portuguese artist Paula Rego commissioned a museum to house her work in Cascais (Casa das Histórias Paula Rego, 2008), for which Souto de Moura created two distinct pyramid-shaped towers of red concrete at the entrance. He also designed many other structures, including the Cultural Centre of Viana…

Giacomo da Vignola: …mind is epitomized in his Regola delli cinque ordini d’architettura of 1562, which remained a standard textbook on the architectural orders for three centuries. He also wrote on perspective in Le due regole della prospettiva pratica, which was published posthumously (1583) and had a short life.

ancient Italic people: Expansion and dominion: The Regolini-Galassi Tomb at Caere (c. 650–625 bce), discovered in 1836 in an unplundered state, dramatically revealed the full splendour of the Orientalizing period. The tomb’s main chamber belonged to a fabulously wealthy lady who, inhumed with her banquet service and a wide array of jewelry…

regolith, a region of loose unconsolidated rock and dust that sits atop a layer of bedrock. On Earth, regolith also includes soil, which is a biologically active medium and a key component in plant growth. Regolith serves as a source of other geologic resources, such as aluminum, iron, clays,

Regosol, one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Regosols are characterized by shallow, medium- to fine-textured, unconsolidated parent material that may be of alluvial origin and by the lack of a significant soil horizon (layer)

regression, In statistics, a process for determining a line or curve that best represents the general trend of a data set. Linear regression results in a line of best fit, for which the sum of the squares of the vertical distances between the proposed line and the points of the data set are

regression, in psychology, return of the ego to an earlier stage of development. Regression is considered a type of defense mechanism, uniquely characterized by age-inappropriate behaviours and impulses that typically manifest as a way of communicating distress. It may be involuntary, in which case

statistics: Regression and correlation analysis: Regression analysis involves identifying the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. A model of the relationship is hypothesized, and estimates of the parameter values are used to develop an estimated regression equation. Various tests are then…

regression to the mean (RTM), a widespread statistical phenomenon that occurs when a nonrandom sample is selected from a population and the two variables of interest measured are imperfectly correlated. The smaller the correlation between these two variables, the more extreme the obtained value is

regression to the mean (RTM), a widespread statistical phenomenon that occurs when a nonrandom sample is selected from a population and the two variables of interest measured are imperfectly correlated. The smaller the correlation between these two variables, the more extreme the obtained value is

Ancestral Pueblo culture: … (950–1150), Pueblo III (1150–1300), and Pueblo IV (1300–1600). When the first cultural time lines of the American Southwest were created in the early 20th century, scientists included a Basketmaker I stage. They created this hypothetical period in anticipation of finding evidence for the earliest stages of the transition from hunting…

regressive tax, tax that imposes a smaller burden (relative to resources) on those who are wealthier. Its opposite, a progressive tax, imposes a larger burden on the wealthy. A change to any tax code that renders it less progressive is also referred to as regressive. If regressivity is part of a

Kentucky Derby: Records: …win the Kentucky Derby was Regret in 1915; Genuine Risk (1980) and Winning Colors (1988) are the only other fillies to have won.

Joachim du Bellay: …in his finest work, the Regrets (both published after his return to France in 1558).

fillet, (from Latin filum, “thread”), in architecture, the characteristically rectangular or square ribbonlike bands that separate moldings and ornaments. Fillets are common in classical architecture (in which they also may be found between the flutings of columns) and in Gothic architecture. In

St. Francis of Assisi: The Franciscan rule of St. Francis of Assisi: …of the rule—known as the Regula secunda (“Second Rule”), or Regula bullata (“Rule with a Bull”)—to Pope Honorius III, who approved it in the bull Solet annuere (“Accustomed to Grant”) on November 29, 1223. As the official rule of the order, Regula bullata enjoined the friars “to observe the holy…

St. Benedict: Rule of St. Benedict: …“Rule of the Master” (Regula magistri)—previously assumed to have plagiarized part of the Rule—was in fact one of the sources used by St. Benedict, provoked a lively debate. Though absolute certainty has not yet been reached, a majority of competent scholars favour the earlier composition of the “Rule of…

St. Francis of Assisi: The Franciscan rule of St. Francis of Assisi: …and more detailed rule (Regula prima, “First Rule,” or Regula non bullata, “Rule Without a Bull”), which reasserted devotion to poverty and the apostolic life and introduced greater institutional structure but was never officially sanctioned by the pope. He also appointed Peter Catanii as his vicar to handle the…

St. Francis of Assisi: The Franciscan rule of St. Francis of Assisi: …and more detailed rule (Regula prima, “First Rule,” or Regula non bullata, “Rule Without a Bull”), which reasserted devotion to poverty and the apostolic life and introduced greater institutional structure but was never officially sanctioned by the pope. He also appointed Peter Catanii as his vicar to handle the…

St. Francis of Assisi: The Franciscan rule of St. Francis of Assisi: …friars, a simple rule (Regula primitiva, “Primitive Rule”) drawn from passages in the Bible: “To follow the teachings of our Lord Jesus Christ and to walk in his footsteps.” He then led the group of 12 disciples to Rome to seek the approval of Pope Innocent III, an important…

St. Francis of Assisi: The Franciscan rule of St. Francis of Assisi: …of the rule—known as the Regula secunda (“Second Rule”), or Regula bullata (“Rule with a Bull”)—to Pope Honorius III, who approved it in the bull Solet annuere (“Accustomed to Grant”) on November 29, 1223. As the official rule of the order, Regula bullata enjoined the friars “to observe the holy…