• Senilia (book by Gyllensten)

    Lars Gyllensten: In its sequel, Senilia (1956), the aging process has a similar function in relation to its main character, but this time the inner monologue finds a positive resolution. Sokrates död (1960; “The Death of Socrates”) is a historical novel set in 5th-century-bc Athens. In Lotus i Hades (1966;…

  • Senilità (novel by Svevo)

    Italo Svevo: …was its successor, Senilità (1898; As a Man Grows Older), featuring another bewildered hero. Svevo had been teaching at a commercial school, and, with Senilità’s failure, he formally gave up writing and became engrossed in his father-in-law’s business.

  • senior citizen (human life span)

    old age, in human beings, the final stage of the normal life span. Definitions of old age are not consistent from the standpoints of biology, demography (conditions of mortality and morbidity), employment and retirement, and sociology. For statistical and public administrative purposes, however,

  • Senior Courts of England and Wales (British court)

    Senior Courts of England and Wales, in England and Wales, judicial body that consists of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice, and the Crown Court. Until the Judicature Act of 1873 the English court system was cluttered with courts, most of them dating back to the Middle Ages, with

  • Senior identity theft: How it works and 5 ways to stop it

    Call it what you will—incidents of elder fraud, senior identity theft, and elder financial exploitation are on the rise. Although younger adults report higher incidents of fraud than the elderly, seniors are more vulnerable because they typically have so much to lose: personal savings, retirement

  • Senior living options: Finding the right fit for your needs

    As you or your family members age, living options may become an important consideration. Although many older adults prefer to stay in their own homes for as long as possible, others look for living arrangements that offer greater support or a sense of community. Senior living options range from

  • Senior PGA Tour (golf)

    golf: The Senior PGA Tour: Begun in the early 1980s, the Senior PGA Tour (later renamed the Champions Tour) quickly became popular. Designed for golfers 50 years of age and up, its total purse was $10 million within a few years of its creation, and it had…

  • Senior, Nassau William (British economist)

    Nassau William Senior was a British classical economist who influenced the political and economic policies of his day. Senior was educated at Eton and at the University of Oxford, from which he graduated in 1812. He qualified as a lawyer in 1819. It was as an economist, however, that Senior made

  • senioriate system (inheritance)

    Bolesław III: The senioriate system, a halfway measure between primogeniture and equal distribution among all male heirs, was devised to satisfy all princely heirs; yet it caused dissension and eventually led to the disintegration of the state.

  • seniority system (business)

    business organization: The modern executive: Because of the seniority system, many are well past middle age before they achieve high status. There are signs that the system is weakening, however, as efforts are more often made to lift promising young men and women out of low-echelon positions. Criticism of the traditional method has…

  • Senir (mountain, Lebanon-Syria)

    Mount Hermon, snowcapped ridge on the Lebanon-Syria border west of Damascus. It rises to 9,232 feet (2,814 meters) and is the highest point on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is sometimes considered the southernmost extension of the Anti-Lebanon range. At its foot rise the two major

  • Senjirli Höyük (archaeological site, Turkey)

    Zincirli Höyük, archaeological site in the foothills of the Anti-Taurus Mountains, south-central Turkey. Samal was one of the Late Hittite city-states that perpetuated the more or less Semitized southern Anatolian culture for centuries after the downfall of the Hittite empire (c. 1190 bc). The

  • Senkaku Islands (archipelago)

    Ishihara Shintarō: …islands in the Senkaku (Diaoyu in Chinese) chain southwest of Japan—an archipelago hotly disputed between Japan and China—forced the Japanese government to preemptively purchase them, which then set off mass protests in China and worsened relations between the two countries.

  • Senkei (Buddhist priest and artist)

    rikka: …discipline through the influence of Senkei, a Buddhist priest and master of the Ikenobō school.

  • Senko Temple (temple, Onomichi, Japan)

    Onomichi: The Buddhist Senko Temple was founded in the 9th century. It is located on the side of a hill that commands a fine view of the city and coast and contains an observatory and a planetarium. Onomichi is connected to Imabari on Shikoku by the multiple-span Kurushima…

  • Senkyūhyaku nijū hachinen sangatsu jūgo nichi (work by Kobayashi Takiji)

    Kobayashi Takiji: …of an arrest appeared in Senkyūhyaku nijū hachinen sangatsu jūgo nichi (“The Fifteenth of March, 1928”), recording the local events of an infamous national police crackdown. That story, together with Shimen no tameni (“For the Sake of the Citizen”), Fuzai-jinushi (“Absentee Landlord”), and Kani-kōsen (“The Cannery Boat”), established him as…

  • Senlac (hill, Battle, England, United Kingdom)

    Battle: …ridge to the southeast, called Senlac, was the site of the famous Battle of Hastings in which William I the Conqueror defeated the English in 1066. Before the battle William vowed to build an abbey on the spot if victorious, and in 1094 its church was consecrated, with an altar…

  • Senlis (France)

    Senlis, town, Oise département, Hauts-de-France région, northern France. It lies along the Nonette River, which is a tributary of the Oise, in a forested area 32 miles (51 km) north-northeast of Paris. Senlis, whose name is derived from its 4th-century Roman name, Civitas Silvanectium (“City of the

  • Senlis, Treaty of (Europe [1493])

    Franche-Comté: History: …retrocede Franche-Comté to Austria (Treaty of Senlis, 1493). For the next 185 years, Franche-Comté was a Habsburg possession.

  • senna (plant)

    senna, any of several species of usually yellow-flowered trees or shrubs, especially of the genera Cassia and Senna, in the pea family (Fabaceae), mostly of subtropical and tropical regions. Many are used medicinally. Some are rich in tannins and yield tanbark used in preparing leather. Some sennas

  • Senna da Silva, Ayrton (Brazilian race–car driver)

    Ayrton Senna was a Brazilian race-car driver who gained fame for being a fierce competitor renowned for his ruthless and risky maneuvers on the Grand Prix circuit. He rose quickly through the ranks of professional racing, capturing 41 Grand Prix titles and three circuit world championships (1988,

  • Senna knot (carpet-making)

    rug and carpet: Materials and technique: The Persian, or asymmetrical, knot is used principally in Iran, India, China, and Egypt. This knot was formerly known as the Senneh (Sehna) knot. The Spanish knot, used mainly in Spain, differs from the other two types in looping around only one warp yarn. After the…

  • Senna rug

    Senneh rug, handwoven floor covering made by Kurds who live in or around the town of Senneh (now more properly Sanandaj) in western Iran. The pile rugs and kilims of Senneh are prized for their delicate pattern and colouring and for their fine weave. They are by far the most sophisticated of the

  • Senna, Ayrton (Brazilian race–car driver)

    Ayrton Senna was a Brazilian race-car driver who gained fame for being a fierce competitor renowned for his ruthless and risky maneuvers on the Grand Prix circuit. He rose quickly through the ranks of professional racing, capturing 41 Grand Prix titles and three circuit world championships (1988,

  • Sennabris

    Beth Yerah: …Ptolemy II of Philadelphus, and Sennabris, identified by the ancient Jewish historian Josephus as the northernmost point of the Jordan valley.

  • Sennacherib (king of Assyria)

    Sennacherib was the king of Assyria (705/704–681 bce), son of Sargon II. He made Nineveh his capital, building a new palace, extending and beautifying the city, and erecting inner and outer city walls that still stand. Sennacherib figures prominently in the Old Testament. Sennacherib was the son

  • Sennacherib, palace of (ancient palace, Nineveh, Iraq)

    history of Mesopotamia: Sennacherib of history of Mesopotamia: Sennacherib built a huge palace in Nineveh, adorned with reliefs, some of them depicting the transport of colossal bull statues by water and by land. Many of the rooms were decorated with pictorial narratives in bas-relief telling of war and of building activities. Considerable advances can be noted in…

  • Sennar (Sudan)

    Funj Dynasty: …Funj capital, the city of Sennar, on the left bank of the Blue Nile above its confluence with the White Nile, was founded by ʿAmārah Dunqas in 1504–05. The Funj expanded northward from this region at the same time the ʿAbdallabi dynasty was extending its dominion southward from the region…

  • Sennar Dam (dam, Sudan)

    Sennar Dam, dam impounding the Blue Nile River for irrigation at the town of Sannār in Sudan. Completed in 1925, it is 9,925 feet (3,025 metres) long with a maximum height of 130 feet (40 metres) and irrigates cotton and other crops of the plain of al-Jazirāh

  • Senneh rug

    Senneh rug, handwoven floor covering made by Kurds who live in or around the town of Senneh (now more properly Sanandaj) in western Iran. The pile rugs and kilims of Senneh are prized for their delicate pattern and colouring and for their fine weave. They are by far the most sophisticated of the

  • Sennert, Daniel (German physician and philosopher)

    atomism: The 17th century: …physician and philosopher of nature Daniel Sennert (1572–1637), Democritus’s atomism and the minima theory really amounted to the same thing. As far as philosophy was concerned, Sennert was only interested in the general idea of atomism; the precise content of an atomic doctrine, in his view, ought to be a…

  • Sennett, Mack (Canadian-American director and producer)

    Mack Sennett was the creator of the Keystone Kops and the father of American slapstick comedy in motion pictures. A master of comic timing and effective editing, Sennett was a dominant figure in the silent era of Hollywood film production and was the first director of comedies to develop a

  • Sennin (painting by Kim Hong-do)

    Kim Hong-do: …his portrayal of the “Sennin” (“Immortals”), whom he depicts in an unusual heroic style, showing them full-figured and robust.

  • Sennusiya (Muslim Sufi sect)

    Sanūsiyyah, a Muslim Sufi (mystic) brotherhood established in 1837 by Sīdī Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Sanūsī. In modern history, the head of the Sanūsī brotherhood was king of the federal kingdom of Libya from its creation in 1951 until it was superseded by a Socialist republic in 1969. The Sanūsiyyah

  • Sennusiyah (Muslim Sufi sect)

    Sanūsiyyah, a Muslim Sufi (mystic) brotherhood established in 1837 by Sīdī Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Sanūsī. In modern history, the head of the Sanūsī brotherhood was king of the federal kingdom of Libya from its creation in 1951 until it was superseded by a Socialist republic in 1969. The Sanūsiyyah

  • Šenoa, August (Croatian writer)

    August Šenoa was a Croatian novelist, critic, editor, poet, and dramatist who urged the modernization and improvement of Croatian literature and led its transition from Romanticism to Realism. Introducing the historical novel to Croatian literature, Šenoa contributed to the growing sense of

  • Senoi (people)

    Senoi, Veddoid people found in the Malay Peninsula and in small groups along the coastal plains of eastern Sumatra, Indonesia. In the early 1980s they were estimated to number about 18,000. Traces of such a people also appear in the eastern islands of Indonesia. They are sometimes called Sakai, a

  • Senoic languages

    Senoic languages, subbranch of the Aslian branch of the Mon-Khmer language family, itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. The main languages, Semai and Temiar, are spoken in the Main Range of the Malay Peninsula. Together their speakers number some 33,000. The former classification of the Senoic

  • Senones (people)

    Senones, either of two ancient Celtic tribes, or perhaps two divisions of the same people, one living in Gaul, the other in Italy. The Gallic Senones lived in the area that includes the modern French départements of Seine-et-Marne, Loiret, and Yonne. They fought against Julius Caesar in 53–51 bc;

  • Señor de Bembibre, El (work by Gil y Carrasco)

    Spanish literature: The Romantic movement: The best, El Señor de Bembibre (1844) by Enrique Gil y Carrasco, reflects Gil’s carefully researched history of the Templars in Spain. Other important novels are Mariano José de Larra’s El doncel de Don Enrique el doliente (1834; “The Page of King Enrique the Invalid”) and Espronceda’s…

  • señor presidente, El (work by Asturias)

    Miguel Ángel Asturias: …Cabrera, El señor presidente (1946; The President). In Hombres de maíz (1949; Men of Maize), the novel generally considered his masterpiece, Asturias depicts the seemingly irreversible wretchedness of the Indian peasant. Another aspect of that misery—the exploitation of Indians on the banana plantations—appears in the epic trilogy that comprises the…

  • Señora Ama (work by Benavente y Martínez)

    Jacinto Benavente y Martínez: Señora Ama (1908), said to be his own favourite play, is an idyllic comedy set among the people of Castile.

  • Señora de rojo sobre fondo gris (novel by Delibes)

    Miguel Delibes: …dominant figure of his novel Señora de rojo sobre fondo gris (1991; “Lady in Red on a Gray Background”). Many of Delibes’s works were adapted for screen and stage, and he collected numerous awards, including the Cervantes Prize in 1993.

  • Senoufo (people)

    Senufo, a group of closely related peoples of northern Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) and southeastern Mali. They speak at least four distinct languages (Palaka, Dyimini, and Senari in Côte d’Ivoire and Suppire in Mali), which belong to the Gur branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Within each

  • Senqu River (river, Africa)

    Orange River: Physiography: …is officially recognized as the Sinqu (Senqu) River, which rises near the plateau’s eastern edge. The Seati (Khubedu) headwater rises near Mont-aux-Sources to the north. Still farther north is the lesser-known Malibamatso headwater, one site of the Lesotho Highland Project. The Lesotho headwaters flow over the turf soil that covers…

  • senryu (Japanese poem)

    senryu, three-line unrhymed Japanese poetic form structurally similar to haiku but treating human nature, usually in a satiric or ironic vein. Whereas haiku focuses on nature, senryu is concerned with human nature and its foibles. Similar to haiku, senryu generally consist of 17 syllables (also

  • Sens (France)

    Sens, town, Yonne département, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, central France, southeast of Paris. The old town, situated on the right (eastern) bank of the Yonne River, is surrounded by shady boulevards and promenades built on the site of the old Roman walls. The railway station and industrial

  • Sens, Hôtel de (building, Paris, France)

    Paris: The Marais: …de Ville is the Gothic Hôtel de Sens, built at the end of the 15th century for the bishops of Sens, then also bishops of Paris. It was restored after 40 years of work and now serves as a city library of specialized collections. Nearby, behind facades of a much…

  • sensation (neurology and psychology)

    sensation, in neurology and psychology, any concrete, conscious experience resulting from stimulation of a specific sense organ, sensory nerve, or sensory area in the brain. The word is used in a more general sense to indicate the whole class of such experiences. In ordinary speech the word is apt

  • sensation novel (literature)

    English literature: The novel: …produced a new subgenre, the sensation novel, seen at its best in the work of Wilkie Collins. Gothic novels and romances by Sheridan Le Fanu, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Morris, and Oscar Wilde; utopian fiction by Morris and Samuel Butler; and the early science fiction of H.G. Wells make it…

  • sensationalism (philosophy and psychology)

    sensationalism, in epistemology and psychology, a form of Empiricism that limits experience as a source of knowledge to sensation or sense perceptions. Sensationalism is a consequence of the notion of the mind as a tabula rasa, or “clean slate.” In ancient Greek philosophy, the Cyrenaics,

  • sensationism (philosophy and psychology)

    sensationalism, in epistemology and psychology, a form of Empiricism that limits experience as a source of knowledge to sensation or sense perceptions. Sensationalism is a consequence of the notion of the mind as a tabula rasa, or “clean slate.” In ancient Greek philosophy, the Cyrenaics,

  • Sense and Sensibility (film by Lee [1995])

    Emma Thompson: …Thompson wrote and starred in Sense and Sensibility, based on Jane Austen’s novel. The film was a critical and commercial success, and Thompson won an Academy Award for best adapted screenplay and a BAFTA Award for best actress. She also later married (2003) costar Greg Wise. In 2001 Thompson wrote…

  • Sense and Sensibility (novel by Austen)

    Sense and Sensibility, novel by Jane Austen that was published anonymously in three volumes in 1811 and that became a classic. The satirical, comic work offers a vivid depiction of 19th-century middle-class life as it follows the romantic relationships of Elinor and Marianne Dashwood. Sense and

  • Sense of an Ending, The (novel by Barnes)

    Julian Barnes: Novels and short stories: …short stories, as well as The Sense of an Ending, a Booker Prize-winning novel that uses an unreliable narrator to explore the subjects of memory and aging. The Noise of Time (2016) fictionalizes episodes from the life of Russian composer Dmitry Shostakovich. In The Only Story (2018), Barnes explores memory…

  • Sense of an Ending, The (film by Batra [2017])

    Jim Broadbent: …film credits that year included The Sense of an Ending. Broadbent then played an English lord in the movie Black 47 and an earl in the TV movie King Lear (both 2018), a modern retelling of Shakespeare’s play. In 2020 he appeared in the family comedy Dolittle and portrayed a…

  • Sense of Beauty, The (work by Santayana)

    aesthetics: Post-Hegelian aesthetics: …late 1800s was George Santayana’s The Sense of Beauty (1896), which shows a welcome move away from the 19th-century obsession with art toward more fundamental issues in the philosophy of mind. Santayana argues against Kant’s theory of the disinterested and universal quality of aesthetic interest, and defends the view that…

  • Sense of Movement, The (work by Gunn)

    Thom Gunn: The Sense of Movement (1957) won a Somerset Maugham Award, which he used for travel in Italy. “On the Move,” a celebration of black-jacketed motorcyclists from that volume, is one of his best-known poems. In the late 1950s Gunn’s poetry became more experimental. He published…

  • Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21st Century, The (work by Pinker)

    Steven Pinker: In The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21st Century (2014), Pinker prescribed effective writing techniques while acknowledging and defending the necessary elasticity of language and grammar. Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters appeared in 2021.

  • sense organ (anatomy)

    nervous system: Simple bilateral systems: Sensory organs also are present and include ciliated pits and grooves, auricles, the frontal organ, statocyst, and eyes. The ciliated pits and grooves contain chemical receptors, or chemoreceptors, which permit the animal to detect food. The statocyst is responsible for balance and such reactions as…

  • sense perception

    senses, means by which animals detect and respond to stimuli in their internal and external environments. The senses of animals are most usefully described in terms of the kind of physical energy, or modality, involved. There are four main modalities: the light senses (photoreception; i.e.,

  • sense physiology

    psychophysics, study of quantitative relations between psychological events and physical events or, more specifically, between sensations and the stimuli that produce them. Physical science permits, at least for some of the senses, accurate measurement on a physical scale of the magnitude of a

  • sense-data (philosophy)

    sense-data, Entities that are the direct objects of sensation. Examples of sense-data are the circular image one sees when viewing the face of a penny and the oblong image one sees when viewing the penny from an angle. Other examples are the image one sees with one’s eyes closed after staring at a

  • sense-datum (philosophy)

    sense-data, Entities that are the direct objects of sensation. Examples of sense-data are the circular image one sees when viewing the face of a penny and the oblong image one sees when viewing the penny from an angle. Other examples are the image one sees with one’s eyes closed after staring at a

  • sense-hillock (anatomy)

    lateral line system: …a series of mechanoreceptors called neuromasts (lateral line organs) arranged in an interconnected network along the head and body. This network is typically arranged in rows; however, neuromasts may also be organized singly. At its simplest, rows of neuromasts appear on the surface of the skin; however, for most fishes,…

  • Sensemayá (work by Revueltas)

    Sensemayá, tone poem by Mexican composer Silvestre Revueltas that premiered in Mexico City in December 1938. It is notable for its rhythmic complexity and for its incorporation of Latin American folk percussion instruments as part of the orchestra. Inspired by the Cuban writer Nicolás Guillén’s

  • senses

    senses, means by which animals detect and respond to stimuli in their internal and external environments. The senses of animals are most usefully described in terms of the kind of physical energy, or modality, involved. There are four main modalities: the light senses (photoreception; i.e.,

  • sensibility, novel of (literature)

    sentimental novel, broadly, any novel that exploits the reader’s capacity for tenderness, compassion, or sympathy to a disproportionate degree by presenting a beclouded or unrealistic view of its subject. In a restricted sense the term refers to a widespread European novelistic development of the

  • sensible heat (physics)

    climate: Biosphere controls on the structure of the atmosphere: and convection (sensible heating), the energy flux to the atmosphere carried by water vapour via evaporation and transpiration from the surface (latent heat energy), and the flux of radiant energy from the surface to the atmosphere (infrared terrestrial radiation). These fluxes differ in the altitude at which…

  • sensible species (philosophy)

    epistemology: Aristotle: That stimulation causes a “sensible species” to be generated in the sense organ itself. The “species” is some sort of representation of the object sensed. As Aristotle describes the process, the sense organ receives “the form of sensible objects without the matter, just as the wax receives the impression…

  • sensible transfer

    ice in lakes and rivers: The seasonal cycle: …convection—the latter being termed the sensible transfer. Since these transfers of heat are driven by the difference between air temperature and surface temperature, the extent and duration of ice covers more or less coincide with the extent and duration of average air temperatures below the freezing point (with a lag…

  • sensible, distribution of the (political philosophy)

    Jacques Rancière: …and reflected in the “distribution of the sensible”—the complex of individuals and individual speech (“bodies” and “voices”) that are effectively visible, sayable, or audible (or invisible, unsayable, or inaudible), together with implicit assumptions about the natural capacities of different individuals and groups. In some societies, for example, blue-collar workers,…

  • sensillar lymph (zoology)

    chemoreception: Perireceptor events: …bathed in a fluid called sensillar lymph that is analogous to the mucus of vertebrates. In the olfactory system this fluid contacts odor-binding receptors that presumably function in the same way as those of vertebrates but that are produced by different families of genes. Three families of these receptor proteins…

  • sensillum (sense organ)

    insect: Nervous system: …a cuticular sense organ (sensillum). The sensilla are usually small hairs modified for perception of specific stimuli (e.g., touch, smell, taste, heat, cold); each sensillum consists of one sense cell and one nerve fibre. Although these small sense organs occur all over the body, they are particularly abundant in…

  • sensing device (electronics)

    automation: Modern developments: Advances in sensor technology have provided a vast array of measuring devices that can be used as components in automatic feedback control systems. These devices include highly sensitive electromechanical probes, scanning laser beams, electrical field techniques, and machine vision. Some of these sensor systems require computer technology…

  • sensing element (electronics)

    automation: Modern developments: Advances in sensor technology have provided a vast array of measuring devices that can be used as components in automatic feedback control systems. These devices include highly sensitive electromechanical probes, scanning laser beams, electrical field techniques, and machine vision. Some of these sensor systems require computer technology…

  • sensitive dependence on initial conditions (mathematics and mechanics)

    Edward Lorenz: …a nonlinear phenomenon known as sensitive dependence on initial conditions (see chaos theory). He constructed a weather model showing that almost any two nearby starting points, indicating the current weather, will quickly diverge trajectories and will quite frequently end up in different “lobes,” which correspond to calm or stormy weather.…

  • Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (geological instrument)

    Earth sciences: Radiometric dating: The SHRIMP (Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe) enables the accurate determination of the uranium-lead age of the mineral zircon, and this has revolutionized the understanding of the isotopic age of formation of zircon-bearing igneous granitic rocks. Another technological development is the ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass…

  • sensitive plant (botany)

    sensitive plant, (Mimosa pudica), plant in the pea family (Fabaceae) that responds to touch and other stimulation by rapidly closing its leaves and drooping. Native to South and Central America, the plant is a widespread weed in tropical regions and has naturalized elsewhere in warm areas. It is

  • sensitivity (photography)

    speed: …(3) the sensitivity of the film to light.

  • sensitivity (of an instrument)

    chromatography: Detector characteristics: A second is the sensitivity, which is the change in signal intensity per unit change in the amount of solute. The third is the linear range—i.e., the range of solute amount where the signal intensity is directly proportional to the amount of solute; doubling the amount doubles the signal…

  • sensitivity (electronics)

    radio technology: Concepts of selectivity and sensitivity: Receiver sensitivity is the ability of a receiver to pick up weak signals. Though a communication receiver should always have a high sensitivity, there is a maximum determined by the noise generated inside the receiver itself. Little value is gained by increasing sensitivity if noise at…

  • sensitivity analysis (industrial engineering)

    operations research: Testing the model and the solution: …to evaluate the solution by “sensitivity analysis,” a measurement of the extent to which estimates used in the solution would have to be in error before the proposed solution performs less satisfactorily than the alternative decision procedure.

  • sensitivity and specificity (medical statistics)

    sensitivity and specificity, two measures used to determine the validity of a test, typically in a clinical setting in healthcare. Sensitivity is a measure of how well a given test identifies the disease or trait in question (i.e., how well it avoids false negatives), while specificity is a measure

  • sensitivity to initial conditions (mathematics and mechanics)

    Edward Lorenz: …a nonlinear phenomenon known as sensitive dependence on initial conditions (see chaos theory). He constructed a weather model showing that almost any two nearby starting points, indicating the current weather, will quickly diverge trajectories and will quite frequently end up in different “lobes,” which correspond to calm or stormy weather.…

  • sensitivity training

    sensitivity training, psychological technique in which intensive group discussion and interaction are used to increase individual awareness of self and others; it is practiced in a variety of forms under such names as T-group, encounter group, human relations, and group-dynamics training. The group

  • sensitivity, period of (education)

    pedagogy: Maturation and readiness theories: … (1870–1952) claimed that “periods of sensitivity,” corresponding to certain ages, exist when a child’s interest and mental capacity are best suited to acquiring knowledge of such things as textures and colours, tidiness, and language.

  • sensitization (medicine)

    human disease: Bacterial diseases: …or (3) the induction of sensitivity within the host to antigenic properties of the bacterial organism (as in tuberculosis, after sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis).

  • sensitization (physics)

    luminescence: Spontaneous and stimulated emission: …mechanism is referred to as sensitization: a calcium carbonate phosphor (rhombohedral CaCO3/Mn), for example, emits orange light under cathode-ray irradiation but is not excited by the 254-nanometre emission of mercury atoms, whereas this emission produces the same orange light with calcium carbonate (rhombohedral CaCO3) activated by manganese and lead ions.…

  • sensitometry (chemistry)

    technology of photography: Sensitometry and speed: The sensitivity or speed of a film determines how much light it needs to produce a given amount of silver on development. Sensitometry is the science of measuring this sensitivity, which is determined by giving the material a series of graduated exposures…

  • Sensō Temple (temple, Tokyo, Japan)

    Tokyo-Yokohama Metropolitan Area: The premodern period: The ancient Sensō Temple (popularly called the Asakusa Kannon), east of Ueno station and near the Sumida, dates from perhaps the late 7th century (although nearly all its structures are postwar). The name Edo means something like “estuary” or “inlet.” The clan in possession of the area…

  • sensor (electronics)

    automation: Modern developments: Advances in sensor technology have provided a vast array of measuring devices that can be used as components in automatic feedback control systems. These devices include highly sensitive electromechanical probes, scanning laser beams, electrical field techniques, and machine vision. Some of these sensor systems require computer technology…

  • Sensorama (device)

    virtual reality: Early work: ” During the work on Sensorama, he also designed the Telesphere Mask, a head-mounted “stereoscopic 3-D TV display” that he patented in 1960. Although Heilig was unsuccessful in his efforts to market Sensorama, in the mid-1960s he extended the idea to a multiviewer theatre concept patented as the Experience Theater…

  • sensorimotor skill

    psychomotor learning: Age: …differences in human performance on psychomotor apparatus are associated with chronological age. Scores obtained from nearly all the devices mentioned above are sensitive to age differences. Researchers generally report a rapid increase in psychomotor proficiency from about the age of five years to the end of the second decade, followed…

  • sensorimotor stage (psychology)

    human behaviour: Piaget’s theory: …by Piaget are: (1) the sensorimotor stage from birth to 2 years, (2) the preoperational stage from 2 to 7 years, (3) the concrete-operational stage from 7 to 12 years, and (4) the stage of formal operations that characterizes the adolescent and the adult. One of Piaget’s fundamental assumptions is…

  • sensorineural deafness (hearing disorder)

    deaf-blindness: Hearing and visual impairment: A sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. A mixed hearing loss is diagnosed when an individual has both a conductive and a sensorineural hearing loss. Cortical deafness is caused by damage to the auditory cortex of the…

  • sensorineural hearing loss (hearing disorder)

    deaf-blindness: Hearing and visual impairment: A sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. A mixed hearing loss is diagnosed when an individual has both a conductive and a sensorineural hearing loss. Cortical deafness is caused by damage to the auditory cortex of the…

  • sensorineural impairment (hearing disorder)

    deaf-blindness: Hearing and visual impairment: A sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. A mixed hearing loss is diagnosed when an individual has both a conductive and a sensorineural hearing loss. Cortical deafness is caused by damage to the auditory cortex of the…

  • sensory cell (anatomy)

    sensory neuron, nerve cell that carries information about changes in external and internal environments to the central nervous system (CNS). Such neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system, which lies outside the brain and spinal cord. They collect information from so-called sensory

  • sensory deprivation

    motivation: Applications in society: In many cultures, deprivation cannot be used so readily with human beings as it can be with other animals, although there are many human examples. Thus, some success has been reported in effecting desired behaviour in the classroom by depriving children of some of their recess time when…