Cecil G. Sheps was a Canadian-born physician, researcher, and educator who was one of the founders of the field now known as health services research. He held many positions of leadership through his career, notably as founding director (1968–72) of the Health Services Research Center (renamed in

Menkaure: …at his death, his successor, Shepseskaf, completed the stonework of the mortuary temple in brick. In the funerary complex were found some of the finest sculptures of the Pyramid Age, including a slate statue group of Menkaure and his sister-wife Khamerernebti II and a number of smaller slate triads representing…

Sir Theophilus Shepstone was a British official in Southern Africa who devised a system of administering Africans on which all later European field administrations in Africa were to be based. He was responsible for the annexation of the Transvaal in 1877 and helped to instigate the Anglo-Zulu War

Mendip: Shepton Mallet, in the centre of an area that produces cider apples, is the administrative centre.

Bhutan: The emergence of Bhutan: …an influential lama from Tibet, Sheptoon La-Pha, became the king of Bhutan and acquired the title of dharma raja. Bhutan probably became a distinct political entity about this period. La-Pha was succeeded by Doopgein Sheptoon, who consolidated Bhutan’s administrative organization through the appointment of regional penlops (governors of territories) and…

Ukraine: Western Ukraine under Polish rule: …of the highly revered metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, the Greek Catholic church conducted its religious mission through numerous clergy and monastic orders. The church also ran a network of seminaries, schools, charitable and social service institutions, museums, and publications. Although Catholicism of the Roman rite remained privileged, the Greek Catholic church…

Shepway, district, southern administrative and historic county of Kent, England. It extends along the English Channel coast from north of Folkestone (the district headquarters) to south of the Dungeness promontory. Inland, the diverse landscapes of the district include a part of the chalk hills

Sabbath: Sheqalim (“shekels”), occurring on or before Adar I, refers to taxes and has as its text Exodus 30:11–16. On Zakhor (“remember”), Deuteronomy 25:17–19 reminds Jews how they were attacked by Amalek in the wilderness after their Exodus from Egypt. This Sabbath precedes the festival of…

sheqel, monetary unit of Israel. The sheqel (plural: sheqalim) is divided into 100 agorot. Israel’s current monetary system, based on the New Israeli Sheqel (NIS), was established in 1985, when the old sheqel was replaced at a rate of 1,000 old sheqalim to 1 new sheqel (NIS 1). Israel has had

Shēr Shah of Sūr was the emperor of north India (1540–45) in the Islamic Sūr (Afghan) dynasty of 1540–57 who organized a long-lived bureaucracy responsible to the ruler and created a carefully calculated revenue system. For the first time during the Islamic conquest the relationship between the

Delhi, city and national capital, and union territory, north-central India. The city of Delhi actually consists of two components: Old Delhi, in the north, the historic city; and New Delhi, in the south, since 1947 the capital of India, built in the first part of the 20th century as the capital of

Amrita Sher-Gil was a painter who was one of the pioneers of the Modernist movement in Indian art and whose works, frequently portraying women and their struggles, left an indelible mark on the history of art. Often called the Indian Frida Kahlo, Amrita Sher-Gil produced about 150 works during

Uzbekistan: Drainage: …the Amu Darya—the Surkhan and Sherabad, followed by the Zeravshan and Kashka—contribute little flow, for the last two trickle into nothing in the desert. The Syr Darya, the second largest river in Uzbekistan, forms there by the confluence of the Naryn and Qoradaryo rivers.

sherardizing, means of forming a uniform, corrosion-resistant coating of zinc on the surface of iron or steel objects. The process, practiced since about 1900, is named for its English inventor Sherard O. Cowper-Coles. The object is heated in a sealed container with finely divided zinc to a

Duncan Phyfe: …executing delicate furniture in the Sheraton, Regency, and French Directoire styles. By 1825, as taste changed, his pieces had developed into the Empire style. His Sheraton chairs, tables, and sofas often had delicate, reeded legs, and his Empire pieces had massive claw feet. His furniture, with its low relief carvings…

Thomas Sheraton was an English cabinetmaker and one of the leading exponents of Neoclassicism. Sheraton gave his name to a style of furniture characterized by a feminine refinement of late Georgian styles and became the most powerful source of inspiration behind the furniture of the late 18th

Adhemar Ferreira da Silva: In 1953 Soviet triple jumper Leonid Sherbakov set a world record that bested Ferreira da Silva’s mark by 0.01 metre. Two years later, in his 100th competition, Ferreira da Silva erased Sherbakov’s record with a 16.56-metre (54 foot 3.96 inch) leap, the longest of his career. At the 1956 Olympics…

First Amendment: Free exercise of religion: …for the court’s rulings in Sherbert v. Verner (1963) and Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972), in which the court strongly enforced this religious exemption requirement.

First Amendment: Free exercise of religion: …rule became known as the Sherbert/Yoder test, named for the court’s rulings in Sherbert v. Verner (1963) and Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972), in which the court strongly enforced this religious exemption requirement.

sherbet, frozen dessert usually flavoured with fruit, made from water, sugar, flavourings, and milk or cream. Egg white or gelatin may be added to ensure a fine texture. Sherbets may also be flavoured with wine or liqueurs. By U.S. federal regulation, sherbets must contain a minimum of 1 percent

Vitaly Scherbo is a former gymnast from what is now Belarus who was the first in his sport to win six gold medals in one Olympics. Scherbo quickly advanced in Soviet sports, competing in his first gymnastics meet at the age of 7. At 15 years old he became a member of the Soviet national team, and

Sierra Leone: Ethnic groups: … in the east; and the Sherbro in the southwest. Minor groups include the coastal Bullom, Vai, and Krim and the Fulani and Malinke, who are immigrants from Guinea concentrated in the north and east. The Creoles—descendants of liberated blacks who colonized the coast from the late 18th to the mid-19th…

Sherbro Island, island in the Atlantic Ocean off the southwestern coast of Sierra Leone, separated from the African mainland by the Sherbro River (north) and the Sherbro Strait (east). It is 32 miles (51 km) long and up to 15 miles (24 km) wide. The western extremity is Cape St. Ann; Bonthe, on the

Sherbrooke, city, Estrie region, southern Quebec province, Canada, at the confluence of the Magog and Saint-François rivers. It originated as a fur-trading post, about 75 miles (120 km) east of Montreal city and 30 miles (48 km) north of the Vermont, U.S., boundary, and later served as a

Robert Lowe, Viscount Sherbrooke was a British Liberal Party politician whose effective opposition to the Liberals’ electoral Reform Bill of 1866 made it possible for the Conservatives to sponsor and take credit for the Reform Act of 1867. Despite his leadership of the renegade Liberals known as

Xerénte, Brazilian Indian group speaking Xerénte, a Macro-Ge language. The Xerénte live in northern Goias state, on a hilly upland plateau that is broken up by strips of forest that trace the courses of the rivers flowing through the region. They numbered approximately 500 in the late 20th century.

Amrita Sher-Gil was a painter who was one of the pioneers of the Modernist movement in Indian art and whose works, frequently portraying women and their struggles, left an indelible mark on the history of art. Often called the Indian Frida Kahlo, Amrita Sher-Gil produced about 150 works during

achondrite: howardites, lodranites, nakhlites, shergottites, and ureilites. The howardites, eucrites, and diogenites (HEDs) are from the large asteroid Vesta. The shergottites, nakhlites, and chassignites almost certainly came from Mars. In addition, a small group of achondrites are believed to be derived from the Moon.

Sheridan, city, seat (1888) of Sheridan county, northern Wyoming, U.S., at the confluence of Big Goose and Little Goose creeks, on the east slope of the Bighorn Mountains near the Montana border. It was founded in 1882 and named for General Philip H. Sheridan, Union cavalry leader during the

John Farrow: Early life and work: …She Loved a Fireman, with Ann Sheridan; and Men in Exile. In 1938 he helmed The Invisible Menace (again starring Karloff) and two Sheridan vehicles—Little Miss Thoroughbred and Broadway Musketeers—along with the Kay Francis tearjerker My Bill.

Caroline Norton was an English poet and novelist whose matrimonial difficulties prompted successful efforts to secure legal protection for married women. Granddaughter of the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan, she began to write while in her teens. The Sorrows of Rosalie (1829) and The Undying

My Left Foot: Jim Sheridan adapted the text into a 1989 film starring Daniel Day-Lewis and Brenda Fricker, both of whom received Academy Awards for their performances.

Martin Sheridan was an Irish-born American athlete, one of the most versatile performers of his day. He was the winner of three Olympic gold medals and excelled at the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, winning six medals. Sheridan immigrated to the United States in 1897 and worked as a policeman

Martin Sheridan was an Irish-born American athlete, one of the most versatile performers of his day. He was the winner of three Olympic gold medals and excelled at the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, winning six medals. Sheridan immigrated to the United States in 1897 and worked as a policeman

Martin Sheridan was an Irish-born American athlete, one of the most versatile performers of his day. He was the winner of three Olympic gold medals and excelled at the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, winning six medals. Sheridan immigrated to the United States in 1897 and worked as a policeman

Philip H. Sheridan was a highly successful U.S. cavalry officer whose driving military leadership in the last year of the American Civil War was instrumental in defeating the Confederate Army. A graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. (1853), Sheridan served mostly at frontier

Philip H. Sheridan was a highly successful U.S. cavalry officer whose driving military leadership in the last year of the American Civil War was instrumental in defeating the Confederate Army. A graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. (1853), Sheridan served mostly at frontier

Richard Brinsley Sheridan was an Irish-born playwright, impresario, orator, and Whig politician. His plays, notably The School for Scandal (1777), form a link in the history of the comedy of manners between the end of the 17th century and Oscar Wilde in the 19th century. Sheridan was the third son

Richard Brinsley Sheridan was an Irish-born playwright, impresario, orator, and Whig politician. His plays, notably The School for Scandal (1777), form a link in the history of the comedy of manners between the end of the 17th century and Oscar Wilde in the 19th century. Sheridan was the third son

Taylor Sheridan is an American actor, writer, and director who first garnered attention for his roles on the television series Veronica Mars and Sons of Anarchy but found greater success behind the scenes, notably cocreating such popular TV shows as Yellowstone (2018–24). Born Sheridan Taylor

Thomas Sheridan was an Irish-born actor and theatrical manager and father of the dramatist Richard Brinsley Sheridan. While an undergraduate at Trinity College, Dublin, Sheridan wrote a farce, The Brave Irishman, or Captain O’Blunder, and after a successful appearance as Richard III at the Smock

sheriff, a senior executive officer in an English county or smaller area who performs a variety of administrative and judicial functions. Officers of this name also exist in Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the United States. In England the office of sheriff existed before the Norman Conquest

Scottish law: Courts of law: …lower civil court is the sheriff court, which is an ancient court dating back to the 12th century. Scotland is divided into several sheriffdoms, each staffed by a sheriff-principal and a number of full-time sheriffs. Courts are held regularly in all the major towns of each sheriffdom. Sheriff courts have…

Rugby: …for boys in 1567 by Laurence Sheriff, a local resident, and was endowed with sundry estates, including Sheriff’s own house. The school flourished under the headship of Thomas Arnold between 1828 and 1842 and became, under his rule, a model of the British public school for following generations. It was…

United Kingdom: Government of England: …inquiry into local administration, the Inquest of Sheriffs, was held, and many sheriffs were dismissed.

Hai ben Sherira: He assisted his father, Sherira ben Ḥanina, in teaching and later as chief of court of the academy. A false accusation to the caliph by Jewish adversaries caused them both to be imprisoned briefly (997). When they were freed, Hai’s father appointed him gaon (998).

Islamic world: Shah ʿAbbās I: …(1604) and the adventuring Sherley brothers from Elizabethan England. Just as his visitors hoped to use him to their own advantage, ʿAbbās hoped to use them to his, as sources of firearms and military technology, or as pawns in his economic warfare against the Ottomans, in which he was willing…

ʿAbbās I: Life: …Sir Anthony and Sir Robert Sherley—the former an adventurer, the latter a loyal servant of the Shah who distinguished himself in the wars against the Ottomans. The reign of Shah ʿAbbās was a period of intense commercial and diplomatic activity, and, in the Persian Gulf, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and…

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: …such as the BBC series Sherlock (2010–2017), Adler is both a femme fatale and a decided love interest of the great detective’s. Other highlights in the collection are the eerie “The Red-Headed League,” where criminals offer a red-headed man employment copying entries from Encyclopaedia Britannica as a ruse to keep…

Mary J. Blige: Acting career: …voice to the animated feature Sherlock Gnomes (2018) and Trolls World Tour (2020). Her other credits from 2020 include the horror thriller Body Cam, in which she played a police officer. During this time she also had recurring roles on such TV shows as Scream and The Umbrella Academy. In…

William Hooker Gillette: … (1895); and his famous play Sherlock Holmes (1899). This play, first produced in New York and later in England, was often revived in both countries with Gillette in the leading role. His only motion-picture appearance was in 1915 as Holmes.

William K. Howard: Sound era: …struggle through hard times, and Sherlock Holmes, starring Clive Brook as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s fictional detective and Ernest Torrence as the diabolical Professor Moriarty. That year also saw the release of The Trial of Vivienne Ware, which earned praise for its innovative camera work.

Rachel McAdams: She also featured in Sherlock Holmes (2009) and its sequel (2011) as Irene Adler, a loosely interpreted version of one of the few love interests to cross Holmes’s path in the detective series by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle upon which the films were based.

Robert Downey, Jr.: Iron Man series and Oppenheimer: …Award for his performance; a sequel followed in 2011.

Between Edgar Allan Poe’s invention of the detective story with “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” in 1841 and Arthur Conan Doyle’s first Sherlock Holmes story A Study in Scarlet in 1887, chance and coincidence played a large part in crime fiction. Wilkie Collins’s story “Who Killed Zebedee?” (1881)

Carry Back: The winner was Sherluck, a 65–1 outsider. Carry Back was retired to stud in 1963 and died in 1983. He was inducted into the National Museum of Racing’s Hall of Fame in 1975.

Somalia: The era of Scientific Socialism: Cabdirashiid Cali Shermaʾarke (Abdirashid Ali Shermarke) on Oct. 15, 1969, provoked a government crisis, of which the military took advantage to stage a coup on October 21.

Sherman, city, seat (1846) of Grayson county, northern Texas, U.S. It lies on a watershed split between the Red and Trinity rivers, near Lake Texoma and Denison. Founded in the 1840s, it was named for General Sidney Sherman, a cavalry officer during the Texas Revolution and an early railroad

Sherman tank, main battle tank designed and built by the United States for the conduct of World War II. The M4 General Sherman was the most widely used tank series among the Western Allies, being employed not only by the U.S. Army and Marine Corps but also by British, Canadian, and Free French

Sherman Antitrust Act, first legislation enacted by the U.S. Congress (1890) to curb concentrations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition. It was named for U.S. Sen. John Sherman of Ohio, who was an expert on the regulation of commerce. One of the act’s main provisions

United States: The silver issue: …antitrust law, it enacted the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the secretary of the treasury to purchase each month 4,500,000 ounces (130,000 kilograms) of silver at the market price. This act superseded the Bland–Allison Act of 1878, effectively increasing the government’s monthly purchase of silver by more than 50…

Sherman tank, main battle tank designed and built by the United States for the conduct of World War II. The M4 General Sherman was the most widely used tank series among the Western Allies, being employed not only by the U.S. Army and Marine Corps but also by British, Canadian, and Free French

Sherman’s March to the Sea, (November 15–December 21, 1864) American Civil War campaign that concluded Union operations in the Confederate state of Georgia. After seizing Atlanta, Union Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman embarked on a scorched-earth campaign intended to cripple the South’s

Cindy Sherman is an American photographer known for her images—particularly her elaborately “disguised” self-portraits—that comment on social role-playing and sexual stereotypes. Sherman grew up on Long Island, New York. In 1972 she enrolled at the State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo and

Cindy Sherman is an American photographer known for her images—particularly her elaborately “disguised” self-portraits—that comment on social role-playing and sexual stereotypes. Sherman grew up on Long Island, New York. In 1972 she enrolled at the State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo and

James Sherman was the 27th vice president of the United States (1909–12) in the Republican administration of President William Howard Taft. Sherman was the son of Richard Updike Sherman, a newspaper editor and Democratic Party politician, and Mary Frances Sherman. Admitted to the New York bar in

John Sherman was an American statesman, financial administrator, and author of major legislation concerning currency and regulation of commerce. A younger brother of General William Tecumseh Sherman, he practiced law in Ohio before entering politics. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives

She Done Him Wrong: Production notes and credits:

Mary Poppins: Plot summary:

Roger Sherman was an American politician whose plan for representation of large and small states prevented a deadlock at the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787. After learning shoemaking, Sherman moved to Connecticut in 1743, joining a brother there two years after his father had died, and

Sean Sherman is a chef, activist, ethnobotanist, educator, and member of the Oglala Lakota Sioux tribe. Sherman garnered attention for spotlighting traditional North American Indigenous foods and their ecological and human health advantages. Sherman’s food philosophy centers on his ancestry and

Vincent Sherman was an American director who was especially known for so-called “women’s pictures,” films that were geared to female audiences. Sherman began his film career as an actor and appeared in several productions, most notably William Wyler’s Counsellor at Law (1933). In the late 1930s he

William Tecumseh Sherman was an American Civil War general and a major architect of modern warfare. He led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas (1864–65). Named Tecumseh in honor of the renowned Shawnee chieftain, Sherman was one of 11

Somalia: The era of Scientific Socialism: Cabdirashiid Cali Shermaʾarke (Abdirashid Ali Shermarke) on Oct. 15, 1969, provoked a government crisis, of which the military took advantage to stage a coup on October 21.

Sherpa, group of some 150,000 mountain-dwelling people of Nepal; Sikkim state, India; and Tibet (China); they are related to the Bhutia. Small groups of Sherpas also live in parts of North America, Australia, and Europe. Sherpas are of Tibetan culture and descent and speak a language called Sherpa,

Sherpa: …and speak a language called Sherpa, which is closely related to the form of Tibetan spoken in Tibet. Sherpa is predominately a spoken language, although it is occasionally written in the Tibetan or Devanagari script. The greatest number of Sherpas live in Nepal and speak Nepali in addition to their…

R.C. Sherriff was an English playwright and screenwriter, remembered for his Journey’s End (1928), a World War I play that won wide critical acclaim. After attending grammar school at Kingston on Thames, Sherriff worked in his father’s insurance business until he entered the army in World War I,

R.C. Sherriff was an English playwright and screenwriter, remembered for his Journey’s End (1928), a World War I play that won wide critical acclaim. After attending grammar school at Kingston on Thames, Sherriff worked in his father’s insurance business until he entered the army in World War I,

Tammy Wynette: Renamed Tammy by producer Billy Sherrill, Wynette recorded her first hit in 1967, the single “Apartment Number Nine,” which was followed by “Your Good Girl’s Gonna Go Bad” (1967), “I Don’t Wanna Play House” (1967)—for which she won the first of three Grammy Awards—and “D-I-V-O-R-C-E” (1968). With Sherrill she…

Tammy Wynette: Renamed Tammy by producer Billy Sherrill, Wynette recorded her first hit in 1967, the single “Apartment Number Nine,” which was followed by “Your Good Girl’s Gonna Go Bad” (1967), “I Don’t Wanna Play House” (1967)—for which she won the first of three Grammy Awards—and “D-I-V-O-R-C-E” (1968). With Sherrill she…

Sir Charles Scott Sherrington: …of muscles, also known as Sherrington’s law: when one set of muscles is stimulated, muscles opposing the action of the first are simultaneously inhibited.

Sir Charles Scott Sherrington was an English physiologist whose 50 years of experimentation laid the foundations for an understanding of integrated nervous function in higher animals and brought him (with Edgar Adrian) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1932. Sherrington was educated at

sherry, fortified wine of Spanish origin that typically has a distinctive nutty flavour. It takes its name from the province of Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, Spain, sherry being an Anglicization of Jerez. The substance is also produced elsewhere—notably in Cyprus, South Africa, Australia, and

the Four Seasons: …group’s golden period were “Sherry” (1962), “Big Girls Don’t Cry” (1962), “Walk Like a Man” (1963), “Dawn (Go Away)” (1964), and “Let’s Hang On!” (1965). Valli, who possessed a three-octave range, began a parallel solo career with the hit “Can’t Take My Eyes Off You” (1967). His popularity and…

Moshe Sharett was an Israeli Zionist leader and politician who was prime minister of Israel from 1953 to 1955. Born in Ukraine, Moshe in 1906 immigrated with his family to Palestine, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. Sharett studied law in Constantinople (later Istanbul) and during World

Shin Bet, one of the three major intelligence organizations of Israel, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Mossad (foreign intelligence). The Shin Bet is concerned with internal security and counterintelligence and focuses on potential sabotage, terrorist activities, and security matters of

Pakistan: Daily life and social customs: …knee-length coat known as a sherwani; women frequently wear a light shawl called a dupatta. Among conservative Muslim communities, women sometimes wear the burqa, a full-length garment that may or may not cover the face. In earlier generations, the fez hat was popular among Muslim men, but more often the…

Richard Carlile: …and, changing its name to The Republican, he edited 12 volumes in prison. Curiously, the government made no attempt to stop his editorial work in jail, though his wife, sister, and other persons who operated his printing shop were harassed by police and at times imprisoned.

Newark and Sherwood, district, administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, central England, in the east-central part of the county. Newark and Sherwood district extends from the fertile wide valley of the River Trent, centred on the town (and district administrative centre) of

Sherwood Forest, woodland and former royal hunting ground, county of Nottinghamshire, England, that is well known for its association with Robin Hood, the outlaw hero of medieval legend. Sherwood Forest formerly occupied almost all of western Nottinghamshire and extended into Derbyshire. Today a

children’s literature: From T.W. to Alice (1712?–1865): But Mary Martha Sherwood could hardly have sympathized with Rousseau’s notion of the natural innocence of children; the author of The History of the Fairchild Family (1818–47) based her family chronicle on the proposition (which she later softened) that “all children are by nature evil.” Of…

Robert E. Sherwood was an American playwright whose works reflect involvement in human problems, both social and political. Sherwood was an indifferent student at Milton Academy and Harvard University, failing the freshman rhetoric course while performing well and happily on the Lampoon, the humour

Robert E. Sherwood was an American playwright whose works reflect involvement in human problems, both social and political. Sherwood was an indifferent student at Milton Academy and Harvard University, failing the freshman rhetoric course while performing well and happily on the Lampoon, the humour

Sheryl Crow: Sheryl Crow, The Globe Sessions, and C’mon, C’mon: Crow’s second album, Sheryl Crow, was released in 1996. For this effort Crow won a Grammy for best rock album and another for best female rock vocal performance for the song “If It Makes You Happy.” The Globe Sessions (1998) also received a Grammy for best rock album,…

Sheshonk I was the first king (c. 943–c. 923 bce) of the 22nd dynasty of ancient Egypt (see ancient Egypt: the 22nd and 23rd dynasties). Sheshonk came from a line of princes or sheikhs of Libyan tribal descent whose title was “great chief of the Meshwesh” and who appear to have settled in Bubastis

Ukraine: Ukraine under Shelest: …“generation of the ’60s” (shestydesyatnyky) who, without the formative firsthand experience of Stalin’s reign of terror, experimented with themes and forms that at times provoked the ire of the preceding generation. More proscribed figures from the past were rehabilitated as literary scholars, and historians explored previously forbidden topics. New…

Shetland Islands, group of about 100 islands, fewer than 20 of them inhabited, in Scotland, 130 miles (210 km) north of the Scottish mainland, at the northern extremity of the United Kingdom. They constitute the Shetland Islands council area and the historic county of Shetland. Among the

Shetland Islands, group of about 100 islands, fewer than 20 of them inhabited, in Scotland, 130 miles (210 km) north of the Scottish mainland, at the northern extremity of the United Kingdom. They constitute the Shetland Islands council area and the historic county of Shetland. Among the

Shetland pony, breed of horse popular as a child’s pet and mount. Originating in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, the breed is adapted to the islands’ harsh climate and scant food supply. Shetlands were used as pack horses and in about 1850 were taken to England to work in the coal mines. About the

Shetland Islands: The Shetland breed of sheep produces fine wool that is spun and knitted by the island workers in the distinctive patterns known as Shetland and Fair Isle. Many of the crofts cannot adequately support a family, so islanders seek work in the North Sea oil industry,…