club moss: Major genera and species: Shining club moss (Huperzia lucidula), a North American species occurring in wet woods and among rocks, has no distinct strobili; it bears its spore capsules at the bases of leaves scattered along the branches. Fir club moss (H. selago), a 20-cm- (8-inch-) tall plant native…

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Phalacridae (shining flower beetles) Larvae develop in certain flower heads (e.g., goldenrod), about 500 species; widely distributed; example Olibrus. Family Propalticidae About 20 species in Old World warm regions. Family Protocucujidae 2 species; Chile

shining leaf chafer, any member of the insect subfamily Rutelinae of the scarab family Scarabaeidae (order Coleoptera), including some of the most beautifully coloured and most destructive beetles. The iridescent and metallic colours of most species are produced by pigments in the integument

Shining Path, Peruvian revolutionary organization that endorsed Maoism and employed guerrilla tactics and violent terrorism. The Shining Path was founded in 1970 in a multiple split in the Communist Party of Peru. It took its name from the maxim of the founder of Peru’s first communist party, José

sumac: The smaller sumacs are the shining, winged, or dwarf sumac (R. copallinum) and the lemon, or fragrant, sumac (R. aromatica). The former is often grown for its shiny leaves, the leaflets of which are connected by ribs along the axis, and showy reddish fruits. The fragrant sumac has three-parted leaves,…

George Carlin: …Tank Engine and Friends and Shining Time Station. Carlin was honoured with the American Comedy Awards’ Lifetime Achievement Award (2001) and the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor (2008). In 2004 the cable television network Comedy Central ranked Carlin second on its list of the “100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All…

Mira Sorvino: Bill Clinton, and Shining Vale (2022– ), a horror-comedy series in which she portrayed a ghost.

Irving Rapper: Heyday at Warner Brothers: …given his first directing assignment, Shining Victory, a stately adaptation of A.J. Cronin’s play about a research psychologist (played by James Stephenson) whose dedication to his work blinds him to the love of his assistant (Geraldine Fitzgerald). Even better was One Foot in Heaven (1941), a bit of Americana with…

Stanley Kubrick: Films of the 1970s of Stanley Kubrick: …King’s updated gothic horror novel The Shining. Jack Nicholson played a writer who becomes increasingly deranged and eventually turns upon his wife and young son while acting as the winter caretaker of an isolated hotel. The Shining (1980) earned what had come to be the usual mixed critical reception for…

The Shining, gothic horror novel by Stephen King, first published in 1977. Eclipsed perhaps only by its 1980 film adaptation, the novel is one of the most popular and enduring horror stories of all time. A sequel, titled Doctor Sleep, was published in 2013 and adapted into a film in 2019. The

The Shining: Adaptations: … eventually resulted in a 1997 television miniseries. The TV adaptation, starring Steven Weber as Jack Torrance and Rebecca De Mornay as Wendy Torrance, used King’s original screenplay.

Japan: Commerce, cities, and culture: …world and so die by shinjū (a suicide pact between lovers) in order to realize their love in a future life. While Buddhist elements can be detected in these tragic endings, they also graphically capture the unresolvable contradictions that faced townspeople in Genroku society.

The Love Suicides at Amijima, classic Bunraku (puppet theatre) play by Chikamatsu Monzaemon, written and performed about 1720 as Shinjū ten no Amijima. Like most of Chikamatsu’s more than 20 love-suicide dramas, it was based on an actual event, the outcome of the brothel system. These works made

Tokyo-Yokohama Metropolitan Area: Centre and satellites: Shinjuku is the largest and is the main retail and entertainment district in the city and in the land. More people pass through Shinjuku railway station, on their way from and to home in the sprawling western suburbs, than through any other station in Japan…

Sakakura Junzō: …at Yokohama (1966), and the Shinjuku Station Square and Odakyū Department Store in Tokyo (1964–67).

Yokomitsu Riichi: …of the mainstays of the New Sensationalist school (Shinkankaku-ha) of Japanese writers, influenced by the avant-garde trends in European literature of the 1920s.

Shinkansen, pioneer high-speed passenger rail system of Japan, with lines on the islands of Honshu, Kyushu, and Hokkaido. It was originally built and operated by the government-owned Japanese National Railways and has been part of the private Japan Railways Group since 1987. The first section of

Shintō: Varieties of festival, worship, and prayer: …and the Divine Procession (Shinkō-sai). The Divine Procession usually takes place on the day of the Annual Festival, and miniature shrines (mikoshi) carried on the shoulders are transported through the parish. The order of rituals at a grand festival is usually as follows:

Noma Hiroshi: Shinkū chitai conveys a broad view of the Japanese wartime army by tracing the parallel fate of two soldiers—a cultured middle-class idealist and a bewildered peasant youth.

Bagrat Shinkuba was an Abkhazian writer and political figure, best known for his poetry. Shinkuba was trained as a teacher and subsequently worked in the field of Abkhazian philology. A member of the Abkhazian Institute for Language, Literature, and History, he was involved in translating literary

Bagrat Shinkuba was an Abkhazian writer and political figure, best known for his poetry. Shinkuba was trained as a teacher and subsequently worked in the field of Abkhazian philology. A member of the Abkhazian Institute for Language, Literature, and History, he was involved in translating literary

Bagrat Shinkuba was an Abkhazian writer and political figure, best known for his poetry. Shinkuba was trained as a teacher and subsequently worked in the field of Abkhazian philology. A member of the Abkhazian Institute for Language, Literature, and History, he was involved in translating literary

wintergreen: …some 12 species, commonly called shinleaf, native to the North Temperate Zone. They are creeping perennials with leaves that usually grow in a rosette at the base of the stem. Several to numerous flowers are borne in a terminal spike. The calyx (sepals, collectively) is 5-lobed; there are 5 petals…

The Eight: …Henri, leader of the group, Everett Shinn, John Sloan, Arthur B. Davies, Ernest Lawson, Maurice Prendergast, George Luks, and William J. Glackens.

New Orleans Pelicans: …personal unpopularity of team owner George Shinn, who had lobbied for a new, more profitable, publicly funded arena soon after having had to defend himself on a sexual assault charge in a nationally televised civil trial (he was acquitted). Shinn moved the franchise to New Orleans in 2002 after his…

shinty, game played outdoors with sticks and a small, hard ball in which two opposing teams attempt to hit the ball through their opponents’ goal (hail); it is similar to the Irish game of hurling and to field hockey. Shinty probably originated in chaotic mass games between Scottish Highland clans

shinty, game played outdoors with sticks and a small, hard ball in which two opposing teams attempt to hit the ball through their opponents’ goal (hail); it is similar to the Irish game of hurling and to field hockey. Shinty probably originated in chaotic mass games between Scottish Highland clans

Shino ware, glazed Japanese ceramic ware produced in Mino Province (in modern Gifu Prefecture), and perhaps the most typical variety of pottery produced during the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1574–1600). The name shino may possibly be derived from the name of Shino Soshun, a tea and incense master who

Shinran was a Buddhist teacher recognized as the founder of the Jōdo Shinshū (True Pure Land School), which advocates that faith, recitation of the name of the buddha Amida (Amitabha), and birth in the paradise of the Pure Land. For centuries Jōdo Shinshū has been one of the largest schools of

Aizawa Yasushi: Aizawa’s book Shinron (“New Proposals”), stressing the supremacy of the Japanese nation, remained influential well into the 20th century.

Ōsaka-Kōbe metropolitan area: Street patterns: …to Midō-suji is the narrow Shinsaibashi-suji, the central shopping district. Dotombori, at the south end of Shinsaibashi-suji, is a crowded theatre and restaurant area.

Shinsei, first Japanese scientific satellite, launched on Sept. 28, 1971. Shinsei observed solar radio emissions, cosmic rays, and plasmas in Earth’s ionosphere. The 66-kg (145-pound) satellite was launched under the auspices of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, which was then part

Shimazaki Tōson: Shinsei (1918–19; “New Life”) narrates the unsavoury affair of a writer with his niece in a manner that carries the confessional principle to embarrassing excesses.

Danshaku Katō Hiroyuki: Meanwhile, through such books as Shinsei taii (1870; “General Theory of True Government Policy”) and Kokutai shinron (1874; “New Theory of the National Structure”), he introduced the Japanese public to European theories of government, democracy, and human rights.

Japan: Political developments: …New Party (JNP) and the Japan Renewal Party. These joined several former opposition parties to form a coalition government with Hosokawa Morihiro, leader of the JNP, as prime minister.

Eric K. Shinseki is a U.S. Army officer who was the first Asian American to achieve the rank of four-star general. He commanded North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) peacekeeping forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1997–98), served as army chief of staff (1999–2003), and was secretary of veterans

Eric K. Shinseki is a U.S. Army officer who was the first Asian American to achieve the rank of four-star general. He commanded North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) peacekeeping forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1997–98), served as army chief of staff (1999–2003), and was secretary of veterans

shinsen, in the Shintō religion of Japan, food offerings presented to the kami (god or sacred power). The dishes may vary according to the shrine, the deity honoured, and the occasion of worship, but they generally consist of rice, sake (rice wine), rice cake, fish, fowl, meat, seaweed, vegetables,

Democratic Socialist Party: …the government, it joined the New Frontier Party (Shinshintō), a coalition of moderate political parties that disbanded in 1997. Many former members subsequently threw their support to the Democratic Party of Japan, which had been established in 1996 and became the leading opposition party.

Ogata Kenzan was a Japanese potter and painter, brother to the artist Ogata Kōrin. He signed himself Kenzan, Shisui, Tōin, Shōkosai, Shuseidō, or Shinshō. Kenzan received a classical Chinese and Japanese education and pursued Zen Buddhism. At the age of 27 he began studying with the potter Ninsei

Rennyo was a Japanese Buddhist leader and eighth patriarch of the Hongan Temple in Kyōto. Rennyo furthered the Buddhist reform initiated by Shinran (13th century) that created the Jōdo Shinshū (“True Pure Land sect”) and inspired the Ikkō rebellions, 15th-century uprisings by militant,

shinshoku, priest in the Shintō religion of Japan. The main function of the shinshoku is to officiate at all shrine ceremonies on behalf of and at the request of worshippers. He is not expected to lecture, preach, or act as spiritual leader to his parishioners; rather, his main role is to ensure

Sōami was a Japanese painter, art critic, poet, landscape gardener, and master of the tea ceremony, incense ceremony, and flower arrangement who is an outstanding figure in the history of Japanese aesthetics. Sōami was the grandson and son of the painters and art connoisseurs Nōami and Geiami,

Japan: The growth of the northern problem: …of Firewood and Water (Shinsui kyūyorei). While attempting to preserve the iron law of seclusion to the bitter end, bakufu policy was thus inconsistent, driving foreign ships away at one point and treating them with leniency at others. And it proved to be utterly powerless when it was faced…

shintai, (Japanese: “god-body”), in the Shintō religion of Japan, manifestation of the deity (kami), its symbol, or an object of worship in which it resides; also referred to as mitama-shiro (“the material object in which the divine soul resides”). The shintai may be a natural object in which the

Japanese literature: Western influences on poetry: The pioneer collection Shintaishi-shō (1882; “Selection of Poems in the New Style”) contained not only translations from English but also five original poems by the translators in the poetic genres of the foreign examples. The translators declared that although European poetry had greater variety than Japanese poetry—some poems…

shinten, collectively, sacred texts of the Shintō religion of Japan. Although there is no single text that is accepted as authoritative by all schools of Shintō thought, some books are considered invaluable as records of ancient beliefs and ritual; they are generally grouped together as shinten.

Shintō, indigenous religious beliefs and practices of Japan. The word Shintō, which literally means “the way of kami” (generally sacred or divine power, specifically the various gods or deities), came into use in order to distinguish indigenous Japanese beliefs from Buddhism, which had been

Ise Shintō: …in a five-volume apologia, the Shintō gobusho, which appeared in the 13th century.

jinja: …in Japan belong to the Jinja Honchō (Association of Shintō Shrines); its membership includes the majority of Japan’s 107,000,000 Shintō worshipers. Each shrine is managed by its own shrine committee, made up of priests and parishioners or their representatives.

Shintōhō Motion Picture Company, Japanese motion-picture studio that was known for its production of war films and action pictures appealing to mass audiences. Formed in 1947, it was originally financed by the Tōhō Motion Picture Company. Within two years, after the motion picture

shinty, game played outdoors with sticks and a small, hard ball in which two opposing teams attempt to hit the ball through their opponents’ goal (hail); it is similar to the Irish game of hurling and to field hockey. Shinty probably originated in chaotic mass games between Scottish Highland clans

Emanuel Shinwell, Baron Shinwell of Easington was a Labour politician who served in the British Parliament for over half a century, battling both Conservatives and his own party for socialist principles. Shinwell left school at the age of 11 to become an apprentice tailor. In Glasgow, Scot., he

Captain Beefheart: …acclaim with Clear Spot (1972), Shiny Beast (Bat Chain Puller) (1978), Ice Cream for Crow (1982), and other albums, Beefheart never won a wide popular following; however, his music greatly influenced such groups as the Clash and Devo. In the early 1980s Beefheart, again using the name Don Van Vliet,…

guinea pig: … south to northern Argentina; the shiny guinea pig (C. fulgida), inhabiting eastern Brazil; the montane guinea pig (C. tschudii), ranging from Peru to northern Chile and northwestern Argentina; the greater guinea pig (C. magna), occurring in southeastern Brazil and Uruguay; and the Moleques do Sul guinea pig (C. intermedia), which…

shinzō, in the Shintō religion of Japan, a representation either in painting or sculpture of a kami (god or sacred power). The Shintō religion did not have a tradition of iconic representation, but under the influence of Buddhism a few anthropomorphic images began to be created in the Heian period

Shiogama, city, eastern Miyagi ken (prefecture), northeastern Honshu, Japan. It is situated just northeast of Sendai, facing Matsushima Bay (an embayment of the Pacific Ocean). Long known for its production of salt, Shiogama became a prosperous temple town during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867).

ship, any large floating vessel capable of crossing open waters, as opposed to a boat, which is generally a smaller craft. The term formerly was applied to sailing vessels having three or more masts; in modern times it usually denotes a vessel of more than 500 tons of displacement. Submersible

Edward Buzzell: Ship Ahoy (1942)—which features an uncredited Frank Sinatra in one of his first films, singing with the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra—was well received, while Keep Your Powder Dry (1945), starring Lana Turner, Laraine Day, and Susan Peters as feuding Wacs, was not.

ship construction, complex of activities concerned with the design and fabrication of all marine vehicles. Ship construction today is a complicated compound of art and science. In the great days of sail, vessels were designed and built on the basis of practical experience; ship construction was

Manchester: Architecture and the face of the city: The offices of the Ship Canal Company were given a Grecian colonnade perched high above street level, and the Town Hall, designed by Alfred Waterhouse, is regarded as perhaps the ultimate in Victorian Gothic fantasies.

ship construction, complex of activities concerned with the design and fabrication of all marine vehicles. Ship construction today is a complicated compound of art and science. In the great days of sail, vessels were designed and built on the basis of practical experience; ship construction was

Port Hawkesbury, town, Inverness county, northeastern Nova Scotia, Canada. It lies along the Strait of Canso, at the southern end of Cape Breton Island, 36 miles (58 km) east of Antigonish. Originally called Ship Harbour, the town was renamed in 1860, possibly for Charles Jenkinson, Baron

ship money, in British history, a nonparliamentary tax first levied in medieval times by the English crown on coastal cities and counties for naval defense in time of war. It required those being taxed to furnish a certain number of warships or to pay the ships’ equivalent in money. Its revival and

automaton: Automatons in the Renaissance: …most celebrated nefs is the “Ship of Charles V” (Musée de Cluny, Paris).

Stanley Kramer: Directing: Kramer returned to drama with Ship of Fools (1965), which was based on the Katherine Anne Porter novel. Though viewed by some as a soap opera, the Oscar-nominated film addressed important issues, notably anti-Semitism and the rise of Nazism, and it boasted a cast that included Vivien Leigh (in her…

Ship of Fools, novel by Katherine Anne Porter, published in 1962. Porter used as a framework Das Narrenschiff (1494; The Ship of Fools), by Sebastian Brant, a satire in which the world is likened to a ship whose passengers, fools and deranged people all, are sailing toward eternity. Porter’s novel

Das Narrenschiff, long poem by Sebastian Brant, published in 1494. It was published in English as The Ship of Fools. The work concerns the incidents on a ship carrying more than 100 people to Narragonia, the fools’ paradise, and is an unsparing, bitter, and sweeping satire, especially of the

Cristina Peri Rossi: …nave de los locos (1984; The Ship of Fools), La última noche de Dostoievski (1992; Dostoevsky’s Last Night), Desastres íntimos (1997; Intimate Disasters), and El amor es una droga dura (1999; “Love Is a Strong Drug”).

Sebastian Brant: …verse by Alexander Barclay (The Shyp of Folys of the Worlde) and another in prose by Henry Watson, and it gave rise to a whole school of fool’s literature. Yet Brant essentially looks backward; he is not a forerunner of the Reformation nor even a true humanist but rather…

camel, (genus Camelus), any of three species of large ruminating hoofed mammals of arid Africa and Asia known for their ability to go for long periods without drinking. The Arabian camel, or dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), has one back hump, while the domesticated Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus)

ship of the line, type of sailing warship that formed the backbone of the Western world’s great navies from the mid-17th century through the mid-19th century, when it gave way to the steam-powered battleship. The ship of the line evolved from the galleon, a three- or four-masted vessel that had a

ship of Theseus, in the history of Western philosophy, an ancient paradox regarding identity and change across time. Mentioned by Plutarch and later modified by Thomas Hobbes, the ship of Theseus has spawned a variety of theories of identity within modern and contemporary metaphysics. Discussions

rat: …the Norway rat), and the house rat, R. rattus (also called the black rat, ship rat, or roof rat), live virtually everywhere that human populations have settled; the house rat is predominant in warmer climates, and the brown rat dominates in temperate regions, especially urban areas. Most likely originating in…

Ship Rock, volcanic neck with radiating dikes located in the northwestern corner of New Mexico, U.S. The landmark stands 1,400 feet (420 metres) above the surrounding area and is the basis of local Navajo legends. Solidified in the vent of an ancient volcano, the more resistant rock of the neck is

corvette, small, fast naval vessel ranking in size below a frigate. In the 18th and 19th centuries, corvettes were three-masted ships with square rigging similar to that of frigates and ships of the line, but they carried only about 20 guns on the top deck. Frequently serving as dispatchers among

ship’s bell, bell used as early as the 15th century to sound the time on board ship by striking each half hour of a watch. As this practice served to regulate the rhythm of daily life for sailors, naval tradition came to regard the ship’s bell as the “soul” of the vessel. The mariner’s day is

Brian Eno: …Eno’s own albums, the four-track The Ship (2016) meditated on the sinking of the Titanic and on World War I. In 2018 he released a box set of music commissioned for art pieces, Music for Installations. He collaborated with his brother, Roger Eno, on Mixing Colours (2020), a set of…

ship: Ship classification: The leading classification society, operating in almost every country in the world, is Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, which began its work long before any national legislation existed for the performance of its purposes. The history of Lloyd’s Register of Shipping can be traced back to 1760. The…

ship-of-the-line warfare, columnar naval-battle formation developed by the British and Dutch in the mid-17th century whereby each ship followed in the wake of the ship ahead of it. This formation maximized the new firing power of the broadside (simultaneous discharge of all the guns arrayed on one

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Lymexylidae (ship-timber beetles) About 60 species; worldwide distribution; damage wood; examples Lymexylon, Hylecoetus. Superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Lamellicornia) Antennae 10-segmented with last 3 to 7 segments forming a lamellate (platelike) club; body stout; larvae without cerci (appendages at end of abdomen);

ship construction, complex of activities concerned with the design and fabrication of all marine vehicles. Ship construction today is a complicated compound of art and science. In the great days of sail, vessels were designed and built on the basis of practical experience; ship construction was

Shipka Pass, pass in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria. Situated on the main road from Ruse on the Danube River through Stara Zagora to Edirne (Adrianople) in Turkey, it was a strategically important pass and was the scene of fierce fighting during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78). The pass was

Catherine East was an American feminist and public official, a major formative influence on the women’s movement of the mid-20th century. East earned a degree in history at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia, in 1943. After 24 years in the career services division of the Civil Service

Shipibo, Panoan-speaking Indian group living on the upper Ucayali River near the headwaters of the Amazon, on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian high Andes Mountains. In the pre-Spanish period, the Shipibo were only minimally influenced by the Inca empire, despite the proximity of the Shipibo to

Shipka Pass, pass in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria. Situated on the main road from Ruse on the Danube River through Stara Zagora to Edirne (Adrianople) in Turkey, it was a strategically important pass and was the scene of fierce fighting during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78). The pass was

Jennifer Shipley is a New Zealand politician who was New Zealand’s first female prime minister (1997–99). After graduating from Christchurch Teachers’ College in 1972, Robson married Burton Shipley, a farmer, and began teaching at a primary school. Active in the community, she joined the National

Jennifer Shipley is a New Zealand politician who was New Zealand’s first female prime minister (1997–99). After graduating from Christchurch Teachers’ College in 1972, Robson married Burton Shipley, a farmer, and began teaching at a primary school. Active in the community, she joined the National

The Shipman’s Tale, one of the 24 stories in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. It is based on an old French fabliau and resembles a story found in Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron. In the tale told by Chaucer’s Shipman, the wife of a rich merchant convinces a young monk that her husband

Harold Shipman was a British doctor and serial killer who murdered about 250 of his patients, according to an official inquiry into his crimes. Shipman’s murders raised troubling questions about the powers and responsibilities of the medical community in Britain and about the adequacy of procedures

Harold Shipman was a British doctor and serial killer who murdered about 250 of his patients, according to an official inquiry into his crimes. Shipman’s murders raised troubling questions about the powers and responsibilities of the medical community in Britain and about the adequacy of procedures

Sir Sidney Godolphin Alexander Shippard was a British colonial official in South Africa who served as administrator in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (now Botswana) from 1885 to 1895 and was closely associated with the empire builder Cecil Rhodes. The scion of a naval family, Shippard was educated

William Shippen, Jr. was the first systematic teacher of anatomy, surgery, and obstetrics in the United States. He was also one of the first to use dissected human bodies in the teaching of anatomy in America. Shippen graduated from the College of New Jersey (Princeton) in 1754, studied in London,

containerization: …a major element in ocean shipping, made possible by new ships specifically designed for container carrying. Large and fast, container ships carry containers above deck as well as below; and their cargoes are easily loaded and unloaded, making possible more frequent trips and minimum lost time in port. Port facilities…

shipping, the transporting of goods and passengers by water. Described as the backbone of global trade, maritime shipping is responsible for the transport of the majority of raw materials, components, and finished products that drive the economy. Efficient and relatively low-cost, transoceanic

pasteurellosis, any bacterial disease caused by Pasteurella species. The name is sometimes used interchangeably with the so-called shipping fever, a specific type of pasteurellosis (caused by Pasteurella multocida) that commonly attacks cattle under stress, as during shipping. In this type of

Annie Proulx: In The Shipping News (1993; film 2001), the protagonist Quoyle and his family, consisting of two young daughters and his aunt, leave the United States and settle in Newfoundland, Canada, after the accidental death of his unfaithful wife. The Shipping News was awarded both a Pulitzer Prize and a National…

The Shipping News, novel by American writer Annie Proulx that was published in 1993. It won both a Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, and it was adapted as a 2001 film. The Shipping News begins by introducing us to Quoyle, a 36-year-old man who lives in a small town in upstate New York. He

shipping route, any of the lines of travel followed by merchant sea vessels. Many of the most important modern shipping routes are near-coastal or transoceanic, though several major rivers, including the Amazon and the Nile, are large enough for the navigation of shipping vessels and are

nuclear reactor: From production reactors to commercial power reactors: …build a civilian prototype at Shippingport, Pennsylvania. This reactor, the largest of the power-reactor prototypes, went online in 1957; it is often hailed as the first commercial-scale reactor in the United States.