Dmitri Shostakovich was a Russian composer, renowned particularly for his 15 symphonies, numerous chamber works, and concerti, many of them written under the pressures of government-imposed standards of Soviet art. Shostakovich was the son of an engineer. He entered the Petrograd (now St.

Dmitri Shostakovich was a Russian composer, renowned particularly for his 15 symphonies, numerous chamber works, and concerti, many of them written under the pressures of government-imposed standards of Soviet art. Shostakovich was the son of an engineer. He entered the Petrograd (now St.

Dmitri Shostakovich was a Russian composer, renowned particularly for his 15 symphonies, numerous chamber works, and concerti, many of them written under the pressures of government-imposed standards of Soviet art. Shostakovich was the son of an engineer. He entered the Petrograd (now St.

Shostka, city, northern Ukraine, lying along the Shostka River. It became the site of a gunpowder mill in 1739, but not until Soviet times did it become a considerable settlement, being incorporated in 1924. Its varied industries have included food processing and the manufacture of photographic

ammunition: …projectiles are called bullets (or shot in shotguns). Cartridge cases are most commonly made of brass, although steel is also widely used, and cases for shotgun pellets are made of brass and cardboard. The cases of most military rifles and machine guns have a bottleneck shape, allowing a small-calibre bullet…

filling: …yarn is known as a pick, or shot. In textile finishing, filling is a sizing, or weighting, substance added to yarn or fabric to fill in open spaces or increase weight.

abrasive: Metal cleaning: Metal shot is used on softer metallic castings.

industrial diamond: Ballas, or shot bort, is composed of concentrically arranged, spherical masses of minute diamond crystals. Ballas is extremely hard, tough, and difficult to cleave. Principal sources are Brazil and South Africa. Brazilian ballas is said to be the harder of the two.

basketball: U.S. high school and college basketball: …Rules Committee installed a 45-second shot clock in 1985 (reduced to 35 seconds in 1993), restricting the time a team could control the ball before shooting, and one year later it implemented a three-point shot rule for baskets made beyond a distance of 19.75 feet (6.0 meters). In 2008 the…

A Shot in the Dark, British screwball comedy film, released in 1964, that was the second installment in the Pink Panther series. Ludicrously bumbling French Inspector Jacques Clouseau (played by Peter Sellers) is called on to investigate a murder, but he is instantly smitten with the crime’s main

shot put, sport in athletics (track and field) in which a spherical weight is thrown, or put, from the shoulder for distance. It derives from the ancient sport of putting the stone. The first to use a shot (cannon ball) instead of a stone competitively were British military sports groups. Although

Baltimore: The contemporary city: The Shot Tower (1828) is a 234-foot (71-metre) shaft once used to manufacture round shot. The Washington Monument (1829), a 178-foot (54-metre) Doric column, was designed by architect Robert Mills, who later designed the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. Hampton National Historic Site, Aberdeen Proving Ground,…

Georgia: Relief, drainage, and soils: …point in Georgia, and Mounts Rustaveli, Tetnuld, and Ushba, all of which are above 15,000 feet. The cone of the extinct Mkinvari (Kazbek) volcano dominates the northernmost Bokovoy range from a height of 16,512 feet. A number of important spurs extend in a southward direction from the central range, including…

shotcrete, concrete applied by spraying. Shotcrete is a mixture of aggregate and portland cement, conveyed by compressed air to the nozzle of a spray gun, where water is added. The wet mixture is then sprayed in place and may be carved or troweled almost immediately. For structural uses, shotcrete

Shōtetsu was a priest-poet who is considered the last truly important tanka poet before the 20th century. Shōtetsu was born into a middle-rank samurai family in the provinces but was taken by his family to Kyōto when he was a boy. He showed precocious ability at composing tanka. Probably by his

Shōtetsu: 1450; Conversations with Shōtetsu), a work of poetic criticism:

shotgun, smoothbore shoulder weapon designed to fire a number of pellets, or shot, that spread in a diverging pattern after they leave the muzzle. It is used primarily against small moving targets, especially birds. The earliest smoothbore firearms loaded with shot were the “fowling pieces” that

shotgun house, narrow house prevalent in African American communities in New Orleans and other areas of the southern United States, although the term has come to be used for such houses regardless of location. Shotgun houses generally consist of a gabled front porch and two or more rooms laid out

electromechanical transducer: Linearity and directivity: A shotgun microphone has a very strong forward directional response. A parabolic reflector, similar to that of a reflecting telescope, is used to pick up and amplify relatively weak sounds coming from a certain direction. This is useful for such diverse applications as listening to bird…

J. Craig Venter: TIGR and Celera Genomics: …relied on whole genome “shotgun” sequencing, a rapid sequencing technique that Venter had developed while at TIGR. The shotgun technique is used to decode small sections of DNA (about 2,000–10,000 base pairs [bp] in length) of an organism’s genome. These sections are later assembled into a full-length genomic sequence.…

Jennifer Lopez: Hustlers, Super Bowl performance, and later projects: In the action-packed Shotgun Wedding, a destination wedding goes awry when guests are taken hostage, and the bride and groom must rescue them. In 2023 she starred in the action thriller The Mother.

Kōken was the last empress to rule Japan until the 17th century; she twice occupied the throne (749–758; 764–770). There had been a number of female rulers before Kōken, but the power achieved by the Buddhist monk Dōkyō during her second reign caused the Council of Ministers to preclude female

Japanese art: Calligraphy and painting: …the 11th century, such as Shōtoku taishi eden (“Illustrated Biography of Prince Shōtoku”) and the Senzui folding screens (byōbu), also reveal the development of indigenous painting styles within the original interpretive matrix of Chinese forms. Although the Chinese method of representing narrative in a landscape setting is honoured, with each…

Kōken was the last empress to rule Japan until the 17th century; she twice occupied the throne (749–758; 764–770). There had been a number of female rulers before Kōken, but the power achieved by the Buddhist monk Dōkyō during her second reign caused the Council of Ministers to preclude female

Taishi Shōtoku was an influential regent of Japan and author of some of the greatest contributions to Japanese historiography, constitutional government, and ethics. Shōtoku was a member of the powerful Soga family and was the second son of the short-reigned emperor Yōmei. When political

sabkhah, (Arabic), saline flat or salt-crusted depression, commonly found along the coasts of North Africa and Saudi Arabia. Sabkhahs are generally bordered by sand dunes and have soft, poorly cemented but impermeable floors, due to periodic flooding and evaporation. Concentration of seawater and

James Thomson Shotwell was a Canadian-born American historian and diplomat who was a notable scholar of international relations in the 20th century. A graduate of the University of Toronto (B.A., 1898) and Columbia University (Ph.D., 1903), Shotwell taught history and international relations at

Shouxing, in Chinese mythology, one of three stellar gods known collectively as Fulushou. He was also called Nanji Laoren (“Old Man of the South Pole”). Though greatly revered as the god of longevity (shou), Shouxing has no temples. Instead, birthday parties for elders provide a fitting time for

Li Dazhao was a cofounder of the Chinese Communist Party and mentor of Mao Zedong. After studying at Tianjin and at Waseda University in Tokyo, Li became an editor for Xinqingnian (“New Youth”), the principal journal of the new Western-oriented literary and cultural movements. In 1918 he was

Beijing: Industry: …large industrial establishments is the Shoudu Iron and Steel Works, located about 9 miles (14 km) west of the old city. The Shoudu plant was originally started in 1920 and made use of local deposits of iron ore and anthracite coal in the Western Hills; after the Japanese occupation of…

the Clash: …Clash broke up, their “Should I Stay or Should I Go” became a number one hit in the United Kingdom when it was featured in a commercial in 1991. Despite that success and lucrative offers to reunite, the group refused to do so—unlike the Sex Pistols. One of the…

Prevailing wisdom seems set against those attempting to clock a profit by timing the stock market. That’s why the saying, “Time in the market is better than timing the market,” has become something of a cliché. Yet despite this wisdom, active traders and investors tend to outnumber the passive

When you’re trying to save, stashing your money in a traditional savings account can feel futile given the tiny interest rates that some banks pay. If you’re looking to earn more on your money but want to keep it in a federally insured account, there’s another option to consider: a high-yield

With longevity increasing and retirees wondering if they’ll outlive their nest eggs, some employees are starting to side-eye their 401(k) plans. A 401(k) is a defined contribution plan, meaning the onus is on you to determine how much to put into it and how to invest it, with no guarantee you’ll

When inflation rears its ugly head, it’s hard to find anything—stocks, bonds, even “junk” bonds—with a yield that keeps pace with rising consumer prices. One investment that does is Series I savings bonds, also known as I bonds, offered by the U.S. Treasury. The yield on I bonds is adjusted every

You know how people show up with giant boxes of receipts for their tax preparers? Those days may be almost gone. When the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act became effective back in 2018, the standard deduction was greatly increased. Many itemized deductions were restricted, and fewer people now need those

Working with a financial advisor can be a game changer, helping you to reach your financial goals more quickly. But expert advice isn’t free, and knowing how your advisor is paid is an important consideration when deciding whom to hire. The way a financial advisor is compensated can influence the

For many of us, purchasing a home is the biggest financial decision we’ll make in our lives. In fact, your home can be more than just the place you live—it can also be your most important asset. For generations, people have invested in their homes, taken out loans against their homes, and sold

As you reach financial milestones in life, you may need to rethink where to keep your money so it’s easier to manage. There are two primary financial institutions to choose from if you want your accounts to be protected by federal insurance: credit unions and banks. One big difference to consider

Maybe you’re struggling financially, but it’s still a few days until payday. Perhaps you need a couple hundred bucks to pay a bill or two—something to close the gap. Enter the paycheck advance app, which allows you to get a portion of your paycheck early, saving the day and seemingly with little

road: Alignment and profile: The shoulder is a strip of pavement outside an outer lane; it is provided for emergency use by traffic and to protect the pavement edges from traffic damage. A set of adjoining lanes and shoulders is called a roadway or carriageway, while the pavement, shoulders, and…

shoulder, in anatomy, the joint between the arm, or forelimb, and the trunk, together with the adjacent tissue, particularly the tissue over the shoulder blade, or scapula. The shoulder, or pectoral, girdle is composed of the clavicles (collarbones) and the scapulae (shoulder blades). In humans the

ring: …the circle, or hoop; the shoulders; and the bezel. The circle can have a circular, semicircular, or square cross-section, or it can be shaped as a flat band. The shoulders consist of a thickening or enlargement of the circle wide enough to support the bezel. The bezel is the top…

scapula, either of two large bones of the shoulder girdle in vertebrates. In humans they are triangular and lie on the upper back between the levels of the second and eighth ribs. A scapula’s posterior surface is crossed obliquely by a prominent ridge, the spine, which divides the bone into two

pectoral girdle, in anatomy, the bony structure on either side of the body that connects the arm to the upper portion of the axial skeleton, being composed of the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). The pectoral girdle is part of the appendicular skeleton, which also includes

scapula: …the humerus, to form the shoulder joint. Overhanging the glenoid cavity is a beaklike projection, the coracoid process, which completes the shoulder socket. To the margins of the scapula are attached muscles that aid in moving or fixing the shoulder as demanded by movements of the upper limb.

joint disease: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy—also called shoulder-hand syndrome because pain in the shoulder is associated with pain, swelling, and stiffness of the hand—only rarely develops in the wake of external injury. Most often it follows a heart attack (myocardial infarction) or is associated with…

Japanese art: Sculpture: Shōun Genkei is renowned for his production (1688–95) of a set of 500 arhats (disciples of the Buddha) at Gohyaku Rakan Temple in Edo. His inspiration came from exposure to Chinese sculpture imported by Ōbaku Zen monks at Manpuku Temple to the south of Kyōto.…

Shouxing, in Chinese mythology, one of three stellar gods known collectively as Fulushou. He was also called Nanji Laoren (“Old Man of the South Pole”). Though greatly revered as the god of longevity (shou), Shouxing has no temples. Instead, birthday parties for elders provide a fitting time for

shuffleboard: Shove-ha’penny, a later version of shovel-penny, in which a coin or disk is pushed along a polished board so that it stops between closely ruled lines, is still a popular game in English pubs.

shuffleboard, game in which disks are shoved by hand or with an implement so that they come to a stop on or within a scoring area marked on the board or court (on a table, floor, or outdoor hard surface such as concrete). It was popular in England as early as the 15th century, especially with the

shuffleboard, game in which disks are shoved by hand or with an implement so that they come to a stop on or within a scoring area marked on the board or court (on a table, floor, or outdoor hard surface such as concrete). It was popular in England as early as the 15th century, especially with the

Marion, city, seat (1824) of Marion county, north central Ohio, U.S., approximately 45 miles (70 km) north of Columbus. Laid out about 1820, it was first called Jacob’s Well (for Jacob Foos, who dug for water there). Renamed in 1822 for Gen. Francis Marion of American Revolutionary War fame, it was

power shovel, digging and loading machine consisting of a revolving deck with a power plant, driving and controlling mechanisms, sometimes a counterweight, and a front attachment, such as a boom or crane, supporting a handle with a digger at the end. The whole mechanism is mounted on a base

coraciiform: Locomotion and feeding: The shovel-billed kingfisher (Clytoceyx rex) of New Guinea is partly terrestrial and is known to feed on beetles and earthworms; the latter are apparently dug from the soil of the forest floor with the bird’s short, heavy bill. The ruddy kingfisher (Halcyon coromanda), widespread in Southeast…

shuffleboard, game in which disks are shoved by hand or with an implement so that they come to a stop on or within a scoring area marked on the board or court (on a table, floor, or outdoor hard surface such as concrete). It was popular in England as early as the 15th century, especially with the

proboscidean: Some proboscideans, called “shovel-tuskers,” developed a pair of long and broad lower incisors used for digging. Many, including the gomphotheres, had upper and lower pairs of tusks, whereas others had tusks only in the lower jaw.

shuffleboard, game in which disks are shoved by hand or with an implement so that they come to a stop on or within a scoring area marked on the board or court (on a table, floor, or outdoor hard surface such as concrete). It was popular in England as early as the 15th century, especially with the

shoveler, any of four species of dabbling ducks in the genus Anas (family Anatidae) with large, long, spoon-shaped bills. The northern shoveler (A. clypeata) nests in North America, Europe, and northern Asia, migrating to South America, North Africa, and southern Asia in winter. The male has a

chondrostean: Distribution: The shovelnose sturgeons (genus Scaphirhynchus) occur in the Mississippi drainage system of North America. The Aral Sea shovelnose sturgeons (Pseudoscaphirhynchus) are found in rivers that drain into the Aral Sea in Asia.

chondrostean: Distribution: The shovelnose sturgeons (genus Scaphirhynchus) occur in the Mississippi drainage system of North America. The Aral Sea shovelnose sturgeons (Pseudoscaphirhynchus) are found in rivers that drain into the Aral Sea in Asia.

Neal Shover is an American academic specializing in corporate and white-collar crime. Shover’s first publication, a book chapter titled “Defining Organizational Crime” (1978), served to establish the parameters of the field of corporate and governmental deviance. Shover was raised in Columbus,

George Sidney: Annie Get Your Gun, Kiss Me Kate, and Show Boat: …that success with the classic Show Boat (1951), a colourful version of the Jerome Kern–Oscar Hammerstein II Broadway musical, which was based on an Edna Ferber novel. Again, Garland was supposed to be one of the principals (Julie), but Ava Gardner ended up with the role; the cast also featured…

Show Boat, popular sentimental novel by Edna Ferber, published in 1926. The book chronicles three generations of a theatrical family who perform and live on a Mississippi River steamboat. It was the basis of a successful Broadway musical and has been produced several times for film and

James Whale: Films of the later 1930s: Show Boat had been made in 1929 and would be again in 1951, but Whale’s version (1936) of the Oscar Hammerstein II—Jerome Kern musical (via the Edna Ferber novel) is often considered the best; Irene Dunne delivered a strong lead performance, and she had peerless…

musical: Show Boat and the golden age of musicals: …with the 1927 production of Show Boat (music by Kern, book and lyrics by Hammerstein); it was the first musical to provide a cohesive plot and initiate the use of music that was integral to the narrative, a practice that did not fully take hold until the 1940s. Based on…

stagecraft: The computerized controller: The term show control refers to the process of using computers to precisely control the movement of various pieces of electrically and hydraulically powered equipment. Prior to the adoption of computer controllers, the ability to control more than one system at a time was, to a great…

Cristina Saralegui: …doing a talk show, and El Show de Cristina was born. The show’s format was similar to that of English-language talk shows of the time, but there was concern that some of the topics normally covered by them might be too risqué for Saralegui’s more conservative Hispanic audience. That apprehension…

stagecraft: Role of the sound designer: …designer edits them into a show file, which consists of digitized sound cues edited into the sequence in which they are to be used during the production. These cues are typically adjusted—they may be added, changed, or deleted, and loudness and cue placement may be altered—during the rehearsal period, but,…

Geraniales: The florist’s geranium (Pelargonium ×domesticum) is a favourite house plant and is available in many varieties. These cultivars (horticultural varieties) originated from plants native to South Africa. Geranium robertianum (herb Robert) is a well-known garden plant, as are some species of Erodium. Erodium cicutarium (pin-clover), a Mediterranean species…

show jumping, competitive equestrian event in which horse and rider are required to jump, usually within a time limit, a series of obstacles that have been designed for a particular show. If possible, the horse is warmed up by walking and trotting for at least half an hour before entering the

David Simon: …cowriter on the HBO miniseries Show Me a Hero (2015), the story of Nick Wasicsko, the young mayor of Yonkers, New York, who fought for the desegregation of the city’s public housing during the 1980s and ’90s.

Missouri, constituent state of the United States of America. To the north lies Iowa; across the Mississippi River to the east, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee; to the south, Arkansas; and to the west, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. With the exception of Tennessee, Missouri has more neighbouring

Joan Armatrading: …series of best-selling albums, namely Show Some Emotion (1977), To the Limit (1978), Me Myself I (1980), and Walk Under Ladders (1981). Such recordings featured a beguiling blend of folk, reggae, jazz, and rock, the latter of which prevailed on The Key

George Marshall: Feature films: More notable was Show Them No Mercy! (1935), a gangster picture that centred on a young couple (Edward Norris and Rochelle Hudson) who, during a rainstorm, take cover in an abandoned farmhouse, only to discover that it is a hideout for a group of kidnappers (with Cesar Romero…

Shewa, historic kingdom of central Ethiopia. It lies mostly on high plateau country, rising to 13,123 feet (4,000 m) in Mount Ābuyē Mēda. Its modern capital and main commercial centre is Addis Ababa. Shewa is bounded on the northwest by the Blue Nile River and on the southwest by the Omo River; its

Hirohito was the emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. He was the longest-reigning monarch in Japan’s history. Hirohito was born at the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo, the son of the Taishō emperor and grandson of the Meiji emperor. He was educated at the Peers’ School and at the Crown

Golden Week: The four holidays are Shōwa Day (April 29), Constitution Day (May 3), Greenery Day (May 4), and Children’s Day (May 5).

Golden Week: The four holidays are Shōwa Day (April 29), Constitution Day (May 3), Greenery Day (May 4), and Children’s Day (May 5).

Shōwa period, in Japanese history, the period (1926–89) corresponding to the reign of the emperor Hirohito. The two Chinese characters (kanji) in the name Shōwa translate as “Bright Peace” in Japanese. However, a more nuanced interpretation is “Enlightened Harmony”—with the added significance that

Elaine Showalter is an American literary critic and teacher and founder of gynocritics, a school of feminist criticism concerned with “woman as writer…with the history, themes, genres, and structures of literature by women.” Showalter studied English at Bryn Mawr College (B.A., 1962), Brandeis

Alberta Hunter: …the 1928–29 London production of Showboat with Paul Robeson. She returned to the United States in 1929, but the Great Depression eroded even the dubious security of vaudeville, and in 1933 she headed back to Europe, where work was more plentiful and racism less evident. In 1935 she played a…

showboat, floating theatre that tied up at towns along the waterways of the southern and midwestern United States, especially along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, to bring culture and entertainment to the inhabitants of river frontiers. The earliest of these entertainment boats were family-owned

shewbread, any of the 12 loaves of bread that stood for the 12 tribes of Israel, presented and shown in the Temple of Jerusalem in the Presence of God. The loaves were a symbolic acknowledgment that God was the resource for Israel’s life and nourishment and also served as Israel’s act of

Jorge Amado: …Goat Girl), Tocaia grande (1984; Show Down), and O sumiço da santa (1993; The War of the Saints). Amado published his memoirs, Navegaçãu de cabotagem (“Coastal Navigation”), in 1992.

climate: Showers, thunderstorms, and hail: Precipitation from shower clouds and thunderstorms, whether in the form of raindrops, pellets of soft hail, or true hailstones, is generally of great intensity and shorter duration than that from layer clouds and is usually composed of larger particles. The clouds…

construction: Plumbing: Shower baths are also common, often incorporated into bathtub recesses or in a separate compartment finished with ceramic tile. In some countries a bidet is included.

meteor shower, temporary rise in the rate of meteor sightings, caused by the entry into Earth’s atmosphere of a number of meteoroids (see meteor and meteoroid) at approximately the same place in the sky and the same time of year, traveling in parallel paths and apparently having a common origin.

camp: Camp classics in film: Dutch filmmaker Paul Verhoeven’s tawdry Showgirls, starring Elizabeth Berkley as Las Vegas exotic dancer Nomi Malone, is likewise held up as a camp classic. The movie was panned by critics and was a box office flop, but it was later embraced by fans, particularly in the LBGTQ+ community, for its…

Clarence Page: …essays appeared in his book Showing My Color: Impolite Essays on Race and Identity (1996), in which he argued against the concept of “colour-blindness,” emphasizing instead the importance of engaging one’s ethnic heritage. In 2000 Page published the book A Bridge to the New Media Century.

Hong Chau: The Whale and roles at the turn of the 2020s: …an artist in Kelly Reichardt’s Showing Up (2022) and as a “coolly hostile maître d’ ” alongside Ralph Fiennes’s vengeful fine-dining chef in Mark Mylod’s The Menu. In between acting, Chau and her husband welcomed their first child, a daughter. Chau planned not to work during her first year of…

motion-picture technology: Wide-screen and stereoscopic pictures: …increase in frame rate (Showscan operates at 60 frames per second) or increase in overall picture size—height as well as width (IMAX and Futurevision). In these formats the sound tracks are usually printed on a separate, magnetic strip of film.

Television in the United States: Reality TV: …seasons the premium cable channel Showtime offered an “after-hours” version of the show.

snapdragon: Showy greenbright (Gambelia speciosa), a related plant, is also called island snapdragon.

milkweed: Major species: curassavica), and showy milkweed (A. speciosa) often are cultivated as ornamentals and to attract butterflies. The butterfly weed (A. tuberosa) of North America has bright orange flowers and is an important butterfly host plant. Urban and agricultural development has led to a decline in both wild milkweeds…

locoweed: …to purplish flowers; and the showy oxytropis (O. splendens), bearing silvery hairs and rich lavender-pink flowers.

Matsunaga Teitoku was a renowned Japanese scholar and haikai poet of the early Tokugawa period (1603–1867) who founded the Teitoku (or Teimon) school of haikai poetry. Teitoku raised haikai—comic renga (“linked verses”) from which the more serious 17-syllable haiku of Bashō were derived—to an

shōzoku, vestments worn by the Shintō priests of Japan during the performance of religious ceremonies. Most of the costumes appear to date from the Heian period (794–1185) and originated as the dress of noblemen, the colours and cut often determined by court rank. The basic garment is the hakama, a

Holocaust, the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this “the final solution to the Jewish question.” Yiddish-speaking Jews and survivors in the years

Albanian language, Indo-European language spoken in Albania and by smaller numbers of ethnic Albanians in other parts of the southern Balkans, along the east coast of Italy and in Sicily, in southern Greece, and in Germany, Sweden, the United States, Ukraine, and Belgium. Albanian is the only