Sehore, city, western Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is located on the northern edge of the Vindhya Range near the confluence of the Siwan and Latia rivers, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Bhopal. Sehore was a former British cantonment, and it served as the headquarters of the British

Martin Buber: The final years. of Martin Buber: Siḥot loḥamin (1967; The Seventh Day, 1970), published by them shortly after the Six-Day War, testifies to Buber’s living spirit by its self-searching attitude on ethical questions of war and peace and on Arab–Jewish relations.

Olaf Sihtricson was the king of the Danish kingdoms of Northumbria and of Dublin. He was the son of Sihtric, king of Deira, and was related to the English king Aethelstan. When Sihtric died about 927 Aethelstan annexed Deira, and Olaf took refuge in Scotland and in Ireland until 937, when he was

huqin: jinghu, and the four-stringed sihu. Similar bowed fiddles are also found in Southeast Asia, Korea (see haegŭm), and, less prominently, Japan.

Japan: Economic change: …taken up in the so-called Structural Impediments Initiative (SII) in the late 1980s. By the end of the decade it was generally acknowledged that formal barriers to trade had been largely dismantled, though areas such as construction bidding were still closed, and many cultural barriers remained.

Siirt, city, southeastern Turkey. It lies along the Bühtan River in the southeastern foothills of the Taurus Mountains. Under the Ottoman Empire, Siirt was a major commercial centre for a large region that included northern parts of present-day Iraq and Syria. It is now a local market for the

Tafilalt: …the Amazigh (Berber) stronghold of Sijilmassa, founded in 757 ce on the Saharan caravan route from the Niger River to Tangier. A prosperous city, it was destroyed in 1363, rebuilt by Mawlāy Ismāʿīl (1672–1727), and devastated in 1818 by Ait Atta nomads. The only planned village of the oasis, Rissani,…

ʿilm al-ḥadīth: …Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj (died 875), Abū Dāʾūd (died 888), al-Tirmidhī (died 892), Ibn Mājāh (died 886), and al-Nasāʾī (died 915)—came to be recognized as canonical in orthodox Islam, though the books of al-Bukhārī and Muslim enjoy a prestige that virtually eclipses the other four.

sijo, a Korean verse form appearing (in Korean) in three lines of 14 to 16 syllables. In English translation the verse form is divided into six shorter

Ota Šik was a Czech economist who laid the economic groundwork for the reforms of the Prague Spring of 1968. Šik studied art in Prague before World War II. After Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in 1939, he was involved with the resistance. In 1940 he was arrested and subsequently sent to the

sika, (Cervus nippon), small, forest-dwelling deer of the family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla), which is native to China, Korea, and Japan, where it was long considered sacred. (Sika means “deer” in Japanese.) It is farmed in China for its antlers, which are used in traditional medicine. Mature

Sikanese, people inhabiting the mountains and coastal areas between the Bloh and Napung rivers in east-central Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, in Indonesia. Numbering about 180,000 in the late 20th century, they speak a language related to Solorese, which belongs to the Timor-Ambon

musk cucumber, (Sicana odorifera), perennial vine of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to the New World tropics and grown for its sweet-smelling edible fruit. The fruit can be eaten raw and is commonly used in jams and preserves; immature fruits are sometimes cooked as a vegetable. In

India: Struggle for supremacy in northern India: Sikandar completed the pacification of Jaunpur (1493), campaigned into Bihar, and founded the city of Agra in 1504 as a base from which to launch his attempt to control Malwa and Rajasthan.

Shahzia Sikander is a Pakistani-American artist known for reviving the practice of traditional Indian miniature painting, or the art of illustrating manuscripts. In addition to painting, her work spans sculpture, installation, animation, and performance. It has been celebrated for its high level of

Sikanese, people inhabiting the mountains and coastal areas between the Bloh and Napung rivers in east-central Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, in Indonesia. Numbering about 180,000 in the late 20th century, they speak a language related to Solorese, which belongs to the Timor-Ambon

Sikar, city, north-central Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It is situated in an upland region of the Rajasthan Steppe, about 60 miles (95 km) northwest of Jaipur. The city is a major rail and road junction and engages in agricultural trade. Its handicrafts include textiles, pottery, enamel

Sikasso, city, southern Mali, West Africa. Sikasso was a small village before becoming the capital of the Kingdom of Kénédougou in the late 19th century. Today it constitutes a centre for cotton ginning and textile manufacturing. A road links Sikasso with Bamako, the national capital. The

Angelos Sikelianós was one of the leading 20th-century Greek lyrical poets. Sikelianós’ first important work, the Alafroískïotos (“The Light-Shadowed”), was published in 1909 and revealed his lyrical powers. It was followed by a group of outstanding lyrics. His next period was introduced by the

Siculi, ancient Sicilian tribe that occupied the eastern part of Sicily. Old tales related that the Siculi once lived in central Italy but were driven out and finally crossed to Sicily, leaving remnants behind—e.g., at Locri. They are hard to identify archaeologically, although some words of their

Bill Sikes, fictional character, a violent, brutish thief and burglar in the novel Oliver Twist (1837–39) by Charles

Sikhism: Sects: …to wear turbans is the Sikh Dharma of the Western Hemisphere, founded in the United States in 1971 by Harbhajan Singh, who was always known as Yogi Bhajan. It is commonly known as the 3HO movement (Healthy Happy Holy Organization), though this is, strictly speaking, the name only of its…

Sikhism: The Sikh diaspora: Until well into the modern era, most migrant Sikhs were traders who settled in India outside the Punjab or in neighboring lands to the west. In the late 19th century, the posting of Sikh soldiers in the British army to stations in Malaya…

fundamentalism: Sikh fundamentalism: Sikh fundamentalism first attracted attention in the West in 1978, when the fiery preacher Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale reportedly led a march to break up a gathering of the Sikh Nirankari movement (from Punjabi nirankar, “formless,” reflecting the movement’s belief in the

Sikh Gurdwara Act, legislation passed in India unanimously by the Punjab legislative council in July 1925 to end a controversy within the Sikh community that had embroiled it with the British government and threatened the tranquillity of the Punjab. The controversy had emerged over a reforming

Sikhism: Rites and festivals: Sikh Rahit Marayada, the manual that specifies the duties of Sikhs, names four rituals that qualify as rites of passage. The first is a birth and naming ceremony, held in a gurdwara when the mother is able to rise and bathe after giving birth. A…

Sikh Wars: The Second Sikh War began with the revolt of Mulraj, governor of Multan, in April 1848 and became a national revolt when the Sikh army joined the rebels on September 14. Indecisive battles characterized by great ferocity and bad generalship were fought at Ramnagar (November 22)…

Sikh Wars, (1845–46; 1848–49), two campaigns fought between the Sikhs and the British. They resulted in the conquest and annexation by the British of the Punjab in northwestern India. The first war was precipitated by mutual suspicions and the turbulence of the Sikh army. The Sikh state in the

Salt Lake City 2002 Olympic Winter Games: …than Russians Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze, who had made several errors in their performance. After the competition, a judge admitted that she had been coerced into voting for the Russian pair by a skating official but later recanted her story. The resulting uproar from the public and the IOC…

Sikhism, religion and philosophy founded in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent in the late 15th century. Its members are known as Sikhs. The Sikhs call their faith Gurmat (Punjabi: “the Way of the Guru”). According to Sikh tradition, Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak (1469–1539) and

Sikhote-Alin, mountain complex in the Russian Far East, fronting the Tatar Strait and the Sea of Japan for 750 miles (1,200 km) northeast-southwest. Major geologic fault lines bound the area, and the structural trench of the Ussuri River valley lies along the northwest. The relief is complicated;

Sicyon, ancient Greek city in the northern Peloponnese about 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Corinth. Inhabited in Mycenaean times and later invaded by Dorians, Sicyon was subject to Argos for several centuries. In the 7th century bc, Sicyonian independence was established by non-Dorian tyrants, the

religious dress: Islam: …tall camel’s hair hat (sikke) represents the headstone. Underneath are the white “dancing” robes consisting of a very wide, pleated frock (tannūr), over which fits a short jacket (destegül). On arising to participate in the ritual dance, the dervish casts off the blackness of the grave and appears radiant…

Sikkim, state of India, located in the northeastern part of the country, in the eastern Himalayas. It is one of the smallest states in India. Sikkim is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north and northeast, by Bhutan to the southeast, by the Indian state of West Bengal to the

rat: General features: …Sulawesian white-tailed rat and the Sikkim rat (R. remotus) of India, long and slender guard hairs resembling whiskers extend 4 to 6 cm beyond the coat on the back and rump. Very few Rattus species have spiny fur. Hoffman’s rat also exhibits the basic colour pattern seen in the genus—upperparts…

Baranya: In Siklós is a 13th-century castle with a fine Gothic and Renaissance interior. Szigetvár gained special significance in 1566 when the fortress there was put under siege by the invading Ottoman Turks. The Hungarian defenders, led by Nicholas Zrínyi, set fire to the fort rather than…

Albert Siklós was a Hungarian cellist, composer, and musicologist. Siklós began composing at the age of six and started studying the pianoforte and music theory at seven. He took up the cello in 1891 and began lecturing while a student at the Hungarian Music School in 1895. He joined the staff of

Oklahoma City Thunder: …Williams, as well as center Jack Sikma—winning the rematch in five games to capture the franchise’s first NBA championship. Seattle advanced to the conference finals again in 1979–80 but was eliminated by a Lakers team featuring rookie sensation Magic Johnson.

Józef Sikorski was a Polish composer and writer on music. He spent his entire career in Warsaw, where he had mastered the piano and music theory; his compositions included cantatas and church music. He exerted his major influence as a music critic and as the editor and author of numerous musical

Władysław Sikorski was a Polish soldier and statesman who led Poland’s government in exile during World War II. Born and educated in Austrian Poland, Sikorski served in the Austrian army. In 1908 he founded a secret Polish military organization, in which Józef Piłsudski was also prominent. During

Władysław Sikorski was a Polish soldier and statesman who led Poland’s government in exile during World War II. Born and educated in Austrian Poland, Sikorski served in the Austrian army. In 1908 he founded a secret Polish military organization, in which Józef Piłsudski was also prominent. During

Poland: World War II: …the Soviet Union through the Sikorski-Maysky accord, accepting the annulment of the Ribbentrop-Molotov treaty without an explicit Soviet renunciation of annexed Polish territory. The Soviets promised to release the deported Poles—more than 230,000 Poles had been prisoners of war since 1939—and agreed to the creation of a Polish army under…

United Technologies Corporation: …aircraft- and aircraft-component-manufacturing companies including Sikorsky Aviation, Stearman Aircraft, Avion (later Northrop Aircraft), Chance Vought (aircraft), Hamilton (propellers and aircraft), and Pratt & Whitney (engines). In another two years it consolidated four smaller airlines into United Airlines and made it a subsidiary. In response to legislation prohibiting the affiliation of…

aerospace industry: Between the wars: Army in 1944, Sikorsky’s R-4 became the world’s first production helicopter.

Igor Sikorsky was a pioneer in aircraft design who is best known for his successful development of the helicopter. Sikorsky’s father was a physician and professor of psychology. His mother also was a physician but never practiced professionally. Her great interest in art and in the life and work of

Igor Sikorsky was a pioneer in aircraft design who is best known for his successful development of the helicopter. Sikorsky’s father was a physician and professor of psychology. His mother also was a physician but never practiced professionally. Her great interest in art and in the life and work of

Hinduism: The Vedangas: …were six such fields: (1) shiksa (instruction), which explains the proper articulation and pronunciation of the Vedic texts—different branches had different ways of pronouncing the texts, and these variations were recorded in pratishakhyas (literally, “instructions for the shakhas” [“branches”]), four of which are extant—(2) chandas (metre), of which there remains…

Solomon Islands: Efforts toward recovery and reform and the 2006 and 2010 general elections: …a confidence vote in 2007, Derek Sikua became prime minister. Consideration of a new constitution was ongoing; it would address provincial and ethnic tensions by changing the governmental structure to that of a federation of states.

Qianlong: Contributions to the arts of Qianlong: The Sikuquanshu (“Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature”) involved the scrutiny of entire libraries, both imperial and private, and was carried on for 10 years under the direction of the scholars Ji Yun and Lu Xixiong, the emperor himself intervening on several occasions in…

Sequoyah was the creator of the Cherokee writing system (see Cherokee language). Sequoyah was probably the son of a Virginia fur trader named Nathaniel Gist. Reared by his Cherokee mother, Wuh-teh of the Paint clan, in the Tennessee country, he never learned to speak, read, or write English. He was

African dance: Division between the sexes: …are common, as in the Sikya dance of the Akan of Ghana. The Bororo of western Cameroon celebrate the coming of the dry season with a dance for young men and women, and couples pair off at the climax of the performance. Among the Nupe of Nigeria ribald songs and…

Sikyatki, (Hopi: “Yellow House”), ruined pueblo extending over 10 to 15 acres (4 to 6 hectares) in present Navajo county, northeastern Arizona, U.S. The site was occupied by members of the Firewood, or Kokop, clan of the Hopi during the Regressive Pueblo stage (c. ad 1300–1700) of the Ancestral

Battle of Blood River: Context: …stolen by the rebel chief Sikyonela. Piet Retief, leader of the Voortrekkers, agreed to this, and he and his men completed the task that was asked of them. They also took additional horses, cattle, and guns from Sikyonela and his people to supplement the Voortrekkers’ supplies. Dingane demanded that Retief…

linguistics: Semantics: …American Bible Society and the Summer Institute of Linguistics, a group of Protestant missionary linguists. Because their principal aim is to produce translations of the Bible, they have necessarily been concerned with meaning as well as with grammar and phonology. This has tempered the otherwise fairly orthodox Bloomfieldian approach characteristic…

ghoul: … was often confused with the siʿlā, also female; the siʿlā, however, was a witchlike species of jinn, immutable in shape. A ghūl stalked the desert, often in the guise of an attractive woman, trying to distract travelers, and, when successful, killed and ate them. The sole defense that one had…

sīla, in Buddhism, morality, or right conduct; sīla comprises three stages along the Eightfold Path—right speech, right action, and right livelihood. Evil actions are considered to be the product of defiling passions (see āsrāva), but their causes are rooted out only by the exercise of wisdom

sīla, in Buddhism, morality, or right conduct; sīla comprises three stages along the Eightfold Path—right speech, right action, and right livelihood. Evil actions are considered to be the product of defiling passions (see āsrāva), but their causes are rooted out only by the exercise of wisdom

Calabria: …Crati River from the extensive La Sila massif (rising to 6,325 feet [1,928 metres]). A narrow isthmus between the gulfs of Sant’Eufemia (west) and Squillace (east) separates the northern from the southern part of the region, in which the uplands continue as the Appennino Calabrese and culminate in the extreme…

silage, forage plants such as corn (maize), legumes, and grasses that have been chopped and stored in tower silos, pits, or trenches for use as animal feed. Since protein content decreases and fibre content increases as the crop matures, forage, like hay, should be harvested in early maturity. The

silane, any of a series of covalently bonded compounds containing only the elements silicon and hydrogen, having the general formula SinH2n + 2, in which n equals 1, 2, 3, and so on. The silanes are structural analogues of the saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) but are much less stable. The term

Silao, city, west-central Guanajuato estado (state), north-central Mexico. Founded in 1537, Silao lies along the Silao River at 5,830 feet (1,777 metres) above sea level. By virtue of its location in the Bajío region, known as the granary of Mexico, Silao is an important agricultural centre. A wide

Silappathikaram, the earliest epic poem in Tamil, written in the 5th–6th century ad by Prince Ilanko Adikal (Ilango Adigal). Its plot is derived from a well-known story. The Silappathikaram tells of the young merchant Kovalan’s marriage to the virtuous Kannaki (Kannagi), his love for the courtesan

Silappathikaram, the earliest epic poem in Tamil, written in the 5th–6th century ad by Prince Ilanko Adikal (Ilango Adigal). Its plot is derived from a well-known story. The Silappathikaram tells of the young merchant Kovalan’s marriage to the virtuous Kannaki (Kannagi), his love for the courtesan

Silas Marner, novel by George Eliot, published in 1861. The story’s title character is a friendless weaver who cares only for his cache of gold. He is ultimately redeemed through his love for Eppie, an abandoned golden-haired baby girl, whom he discovers shortly after he is robbed and rears as his

Silas Marner, novel by George Eliot, published in 1861. The story’s title character is a friendless weaver who cares only for his cache of gold. He is ultimately redeemed through his love for Eppie, an abandoned golden-haired baby girl, whom he discovers shortly after he is robbed and rears as his

Boston Celtics: …contributor, along with Dave Cowens, Paul Silas, and Jo Jo White, on teams coached by Heinsohn that won titles in 1973–74 and 1975–76. The second of those championships included a dramatic triple-overtime victory over the Phoenix Suns in game five of the finals. In 1978 the Celtics were involved in…

St. Silas ; Western feast day July 13, Eastern feast day July 30) was an early Christian prophet and missionary, companion of St. Paul the Apostle. It is generally believed that the Silas in Acts and the Silvanus in 2 Corinthians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, and 1 Peter are the same. Acts 15:22 first

Silay, city, northern Negros island, central Philippines. Situated on Guimaras Strait, just north of Bacolod, Silay is a busy commercial and fishing port and the site of a large sugar mill, which handles the crop of the Silay-Talisay area, one of the country’s leading sugarcane regions. The city is

Triassic Period: North American strata: …who, with the American paleontologist Norman J. Silberling, provided precisely defined stratotypes for all the recognized North American biozones. The North American zonal scheme is now accepted by most authorities as the standard for Triassic global biostratigraphy and allows Alpine (western Tethyan) and Boreal (Siberian) zones to be placed in…

Gene Wilder was an American comic actor best known for his portrayals of high-strung neurotic characters who generally seemed to be striving unsuccessfully to appear more balanced than they were. In addition, his characters often shared a sort of tender vulnerability. As a youth in Milwaukee,

Amy Coney Barrett: Barrett first clerked for Judge Laurence Silberman of the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. She then clerked for Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, an influential conservative jurist and a prominent advocate of the method of constitutional interpretation known as originalism. Scalia was an important…

Gottfried Silbermann was an outstanding German builder of keyboard instruments and member of an important family of musical-instrument makers. Gottfried worked in Strasbourg in the shop of his brother Andreas, also a noted builder, before moving to Freiberg in 1710. There he made spinets,

Berlin International Film Festival: …film and short film and Silver Bear (Silberner Bär) awards for best director, actor, and actress. In 1978 the festival was moved from June to February. By the early 21st century, it was attended by about 300,000 film professionals and cinephiles. In addition to screening movies, the festival features various…

Avebury: Nearby Silbury Hill, at 130 feet (40 metres) high the largest prehistoric mound in Europe, was not used as a burial site, and the reason for its construction remains unknown.

Silchar, city, southern Assam state, northeastern India. It is situated on the Surma (Barak) River near the Bangladesh border. Under the Kachari rulers, Silchar was a village. During British rule, the city was the headquarters of Cachar (1832). The name originated from two words: shil (“rocks”) and

Silchester, village (parish), Basingstoke and Deane borough, in the northern part of the administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England, southwest of Reading. Near the small modern village is the deserted site of the important Roman British town of Calleva Atrebatum, a node of

silcrete, silica-rich duricrust, an indurated, or hardened, layer in or on a soil. It generally occurs in a hot, arid climate where infrequent waterlogging causes silica to dissolve and be redeposited to cement soil grains together. Silcrete is extremely hard and resistant to weathering and erosion

duricrust: Factors involved in duricrust formation: Silcrust formation requires the selective concentration of silica, a fact that has led some experts to consider silcrusts as the lower parts of ferricrust profiles. The distributional contrast between silcrusts and ferricrusts is clear, however, and the transition between the types is well documented. Silcrusts…

Viagra, trade name of the first oral drug for male impotence, introduced by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer, Inc., in 1998. Also known by the chemical name sildenafil citrate, it is one of a category of drugs known as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. See also PDE-5

sileh rug, pileless floor covering from the southern Caucasus and parts of eastern Turkey. Formerly the term was used to refer to a type of flatweave whose name in its area of origin is vernehor verné, but it has now come to be used for a group of flatweaves, which may or may not be woven in two

Endō Shūsaku: Silence: …most powerful novels, Chinmoku (1966; Silence), is a fictionalized account of Portuguese priests who travel to Japan as missionaries and the subsequent slaughter of their Japanese converts. Controversially, the novel describes scenes in which priests and converts are forced to renounce their Catholic faith by stepping on a fumi-e, an…

Martin Scorsese: Films of the 2010s: Shutter Island, Hugo, and The Wolf of Wall Street: …and cowrote the feature film Silence (2016), which was based on a novel by Endō Shūsaku. The epic drama—which Scorsese had wanted to make for nearly 30 years—continued his exploration of faith. It centers on Jesuit missionaries in 17th-century Japan who face torture or death if they do not renounce…

Dardenne brothers: Le Silence de Lorna (2008; Lorna’s Silence), which won best screenplay at Cannes, portrays the lengths to which a young Albanian woman will go to secure a measure of happiness. In the suspenseful Le Gamin au vélo (2011; The Kid with a Bike), the Dardennes focused on the poignant struggles…

Michel del Castillo: …Gerardo Laïn (1967; The Seminarian), Le Silence des pierres (1975; “The Silence of Stones”), Le Sortilege espagnol (1977; “Spanish Sorcery”), Les Cyprès meurent en Italie (1979; “The Cypresses Die in Italy”), La Nuit du décret (1981; “The Night of the Decree”), Une Femme en soi (1991; “A Woman Herself”), Le…

René Clair: Transition to sound films: …to France, where he made Le Silence est d’or, a masterful renewal of his Parisian past and his youth, which was to be his artistic testament. Though Clair’s subsequent films, such as La Beauté du diable (1949), which propounded the Faust theme, and Les Grandes Manoeuvres (1955), a seriocomedy in…

Kamala Markandaya: Literary career: …a conflict of values in A Silence of Desire (1960), in which a religious middle-class woman seeks medical treatment, without her husband’s knowledge, from a Hindu faith healer rather than from a doctor.

The Silence of the Lambs, American suspense film, released in 1991, that was the first psychological thriller since Rebecca (1940) to win the Academy Award for best picture. The film’s tight direction and clever script, together with an indelible performance by Anthony Hopkins as a cannibalistic

Vercors: …Silence de la mer (1941; The Silence of the Sea), a patriotic tale of self-deception and of the triumph of passive resistance over evil. The novella was published clandestinely in Nazi-occupied Paris and served to rally a spirit of French defiance.

Ingmar Bergman: Life: …Glass Darkly, Winter Light, and The Silence, dealing with the borderline between sanity and madness and that between human contact and total withdrawal, was regarded by many as his crowning achievement. Through a Glass Darkly won an Academy Award for best foreign film.

Don DeLillo: The Silence (2020) follows several people who attend a Super Bowl party during a worldwide calamitous event.

dakhma, (Avestan: “tower of silence”), Parsi funerary tower erected on a hill for the disposal of the dead according to the Zoroastrian rite. Such towers are about 25 feet (8 m) high, built of brick or stone, and contain gratings on which the corpses are exposed. After vultures have picked the

muffler, device through which the exhaust gases from an internal-combustion engine are passed to attenuate (reduce) the airborne noise of the engine. To be efficient as a sound reducer, a muffler must decrease the velocity of the exhaust gases and either absorb sound waves or cancel them by

Hiram Percy Maxim: …that made possible the famous “silencer.” This invention brought him fame, and even notoriety, as editors, writers, and the general public mistakenly assumed that the device could be attached to the pistols of criminals; in actuality, it was usable only on a sealed-breech rifle and never found wide demand. The…

The Silencers, American spy film, released in 1966, that was the first and arguably best of the Matt Helm movies, which were based on the spy novels of Donald Hamilton and starred Dean Martin. Former secret agent Matt Helm (played by Martin) is working as a world-famous glamour photographer when he

Tillie Olsen: Major period: In Silences (1978) she collected these essays along with quotations from and comments on authors who suffered from the stultifying effects of discrimination and repression. Despite its patchwork form, Silences became enormously influential. Along with a series of early poems called “At Fourteen Years,” her early…

Keri Hulme: Her first book, The Silences Between: Moeraki Conversations (1982), is a verse collection noted for its unique and varied use of language. The Bone People, Hulme’s most acclaimed work, features three characters she first created as an 18-year-old: Kerewin Holmes, a reclusive painter based on the author herself;…

campion, (genus Silene), genus of about 900 species of herbaceous flowering plants of the pink, or carnation, family (Caryophyllaceae). Campions are distributed throughout the world, and several are ornamental rock-garden or border plants. Some species of Silene stand erect; others are spreading or

campion: Major species: …Cross, or Jerusalem Cross (S. chalcedonica), has flowers of such a bright scarlet that they can be difficult to integrate into border plantings. Flower-of-Jove (S. flos-jovis) and Caucasian campion, or autumn catchfly (S. schafta), are popular in rock gardens.

campion: Major species: African dream root (S. undulata), native to southern Africa, has been used by diviners and shamans to induce prophetic states of lucid dreaming; it is considered sacred by the Xhosa people.

campion: Major species: Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris) has large, white, drooping flowers, and it has subspecies in different habitats throughout Europe. Many species are cultivated. Maltese Cross, or Jerusalem Cross (S. chalcedonica), has flowers of such a bright scarlet that they can be difficult to integrate into border…